CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Calculate the Cardiac output using the following values.

Stroke volume= 70ml Heart rate =70/min

CARDIACOUTPUT= STROKEVOLUME× HEART RATE

= 70 × 70 =4900ml/min (i.e.,)

=4.9Litre/min

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Calculate the cardiac index using the following values.

Cardiac output (CO) = 5 lit/min Surface area (SA) = 1.7m2

CARDIAC INDEX (CI) = CO SA

=5

1.7

=2.94L/min/m2

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Calculate the cardiac index using the following values. Stroke volume (SV) = 70ml Heart rate (HR) =72beats/min Surface area (SA) =1.7m2

CARDIAC INDEX = CARDIACOUTPUT SURFACE AREA = SV×HR SA = 70×72 1.7 = 2.91L/min/m2

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Calculate cardiac output using the following values. O2 consumption/min=250ml Arterial O2 = 20ml/dl Venous O2 = 15ml/dl

CARDIAC OUPUT=O2 CONSUMPTION [A02] ― [V02] = 250ml/min 20 ‒ 15 100 = 250 × 100 5 = 5000ml/min = 5lit/min

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Calculate the mean arterial pressure using the following values.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) = 120mmHgDiastolic blood pressure (DBP) = 80mmHg

Mean blood pressure (MBP) =DBP+1/3SBP =80+1/3(120‒80) = 95mmHg

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Calculate the Alveolar ventilation perfusion ratio using the following values.

VA = 4.2L/min Q = 5L/min

VA/Q= 4.2L/min = 0.84 5L/min

Calculate minute-volume using the following values.

Tidal volume (TV)= 500ml Respiratory rate (RR) = 12/min

Minute volume= TV×RR = 500×12 = 6000ml/min = 6Litre/min

Calculate Alveolar ventilation using the following values.

Respiratory rate (RR) = 12/min Tidal Volume (TV)= 500ml/min Dead Space (DS) = 150ml/min

Alveolar Ventilation= (TV‒DS) ×RR = (500‒150) ×12 = 4.2 L/min

Calculate the dyspnoeic index using the following values.

Maximum voluntary ventilation= 90L/min (MVV)Pulmonary ventilation (PV) = 6L/min

Breathing Reserve (BR) = MVV‒PV ×100

MVV

=90‒6 × 100

90 = 84 ×100

90 = 93%

Calculate Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) using the following values.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) =1100ml Residual Volume = 1200ml

FRC = ERV + RV = 1100+ 1200ml = 2300ml

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Calculate the Effective filtration pressure from the following data.

Glomerular capillary Hydrostatic pressure (Pg) = 55mmHg

Glomerular capillary Oncotic pressure (дg) = 30mmHg

Bowman’s capsularHydrostatic pressure (Pb) = 15mmHg

Bowman’s capsular fluidOncotic pressure (дb) = 0 mmHg

Effective Filtration Pressure (EFP) = 55‒ (30+15) = 10mmHg

Calculate the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from the following data provided below.

Concentration of Inulin in plasma (P) =0.24 mg/ml

Concentration of Inulin in urine(U) =34mg/ml

Volume of urine excereted (V) = 0.9 ml/min

Plasma inulin clearance = Conc. of Inulin in urine× Vol. of urine/min Conc. of Inulin in plasma

Cinulin (or GFR) = UIN × V PIN

= 34× 0.9 0.24 = 127ml/min

Calculate the urea clearance from the given data.

Concentration of Urea in urine(U) = 20mg/ml

Concentration of Urea in Plasma(P) = 38mg/dl

Volume of Urine excretion(V) = 1.5ml/min

Urea Clearance = U × √V ×100

P = 20 × √1.5 38 = 20 × 1.22 38 = 64ml/min

Calculate the Renal plasma flow (RPF) using the following data.

Plasma concentration of PAH (P)= 0.01mg/ml Urine concentration of PAH(U) = 5.85mg/ml Volume of urine excreted(V) = 1ml/min

RPF = UPAH× V PPAH

= 5.85×1 0.01 = 585ml/min

BLOOD Calculate the Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) using the following values.

PCV =43% No. of RBC =4.5milllions/mm3

MCV= 43×10 4.5 = 95.56μm3

Normal range= 74 – 95μm3

If the Haemoglobin was 12g% and RBC count 5 millions/mm3, calculate the Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) value.

MCH= Hbg% ×10 RBC million/ mm3

MCH= 12×10 5

= 24pg

Normal range= 27 – 32 pg

Calculate the Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) using the following values.

HB =15gm% PCV=40%

MCHC= Hb gm%×100

PCV%

= 15×100 40 =37.5%

Normal range= 30 – 36%

With Haemoglobin concentration of 14gm %and RBC count of 5.5million/mm3. Calculate the Color index(CI).

Hb=14gm% RBC= 5.5million/mm3

CI= Hb concn. (% of normal)RBC count(% of normal)

= 14 15 . 5.5 5.5 = 14 × 5.5 15 5.5

= 0.933

Normal range = 0.85 – 1.15

Calculate the Oxygen carrying capacity in 100ml of blood using the following data.

Hb: 12.4gm %

Oxygen carrying capacity of 1gm of Hb is 1.34ml of O2 100ml of blood with 12.4gms of Hb can carry,

1gm of Hb can carry=1.34ml of O2

12.4gm of Hb can carry=1.34×12.4ml of O2

=16.61ml

Therefore 100ml of blood with 12.4gms of Hb can carry 16.61ml of O2

Calculate the intracellular volume from the given values.Total body water (TBW) = 40litresExtracellular fluid (ECF) = 12litres

Intracellular fluid (ICF) = TBW –

ECF

= 40 – 12

= 28 litres

Calculate the Interstial fluid volume

from the given values.

ECF = 14litres

Plasma volume = 2.9 litres

Interstitial fluid = ECF –Plasma volume

= 14 – 2.9

= 11.1 Litres.

Calculate the Total blood volume(TBV)

from the following values.

Plasma volume = 3litres

PCV = 45%

Total blood volume = Plasma volume

1-Hematocrit

= 3

1 – 45

100

= 6.7 litres

In an individual the Extracellular fluid (ECF) amounts to14litres and Intracellular fluid (ICF) to 28litres.What will be his Total body water (TBW)?

ECF: 14 L ICF: 28 L Total body water (TBW) = ECF + ICF = 14 + 28 = 42Litres