calculus and analytic geometry 2mathsci2.appstate.edu/~sjg/class/1120/1120sub.pdf · mat 1120:...
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MAT 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry IICompute the following (get it?):
1) definite integral FTC:∫ Ice
03x2dx
2) indefinite integral:∫
1cabin
d(cabin)
Many big questions are answered by taking many small steps...plus a constant
Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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Chapter 7: Integration Techniques
An algebraic formula for an antiderivative of of f (x) enables us
to evaluate the definite integral∫ b
af (x)dx exactly in real-life
applications, so how can we begin to find algebraic formulas forantiderivatives of more complicated algebraic functions?
finance: portfolio optimizationchemistry: rate of reactionphysics: mechanicscs and engineering: machine learning (ex: proportionalintegral derivative controller)geology: radioactive age equation, heat flow
Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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7.1 Substitution (Undoing the Chain Rule) w-sub/u-subChain rule:
ddx
f (g(x)) =f ′(g(x)) · g′(x)
Try to find w so that dw is in∫
Often helpful to choose w “inside” of some other function
You can always check an antiderivative by differentiatingWhat I want you to show me... w , dw ,
∫with respect to w
Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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7.1 Substitution (Undoing the Chain Rule)Try to find w so that dw is in
∫Often helpful to choose w “inside” of some other function
What I want you to show me... w , dw ,∫
with respect to w
An algebraic substitution of variables changes acomplicated integral into a simpler one
We must change the differential correctly—∫
f (w)dx is
nonsensical—and careful of the limits of integrationDr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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Clicker Question: Guess the Substitution, if it Exists
Try to find w so that dw is in∫
Often helpful to choose w “inside” of some other function
Clicker 1. Can substitution be used for∫
1x ln(x)
dx?
a) yes, let w = 1x
b) yes, let w = ln(x)c) nod) other
Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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Clicker Question: Guess the Substitution, if it Exists
Try to find w so that dw is in∫
Often helpful to choose w “inside” of some other function
Clicker 2. Can substitution be used for∫
sin(x)x
dx?
a) yes and I see howb) yes but I’m not sure howc) no but I’m not sure whyd) no and I see why
Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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Clicker Question: Guess the Substitution, if it Exists
Try to find w so that dw is in∫
Often helpful to choose w “inside” of some other function
Clicker 3. Can substitution be used for∫
x sin(x2)dx?
a) yes, let w = xb) yes, let w = x2
c) yes, let w = sin(x2)
d) noe) other
Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II
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Clicker Question
Try to find w so that dw is in∫
Often helpful to choose w “inside” of some other function
Clicker 4. Which of the integrals can we do by substitution?
a)∫
ex − e−x
(ex − e−x)3 dx
b)∫
sin(x)x
dx
c) Both of the aboved) None of the above
Dr. Sarah Math 1120: Calculus and Analytic Geometry II