CALI FO RN IA AIR RESOURCES BOARD

Proposed Amendments to Enhanced Vapor Recovery

Regulations to Standardize Gas Station Nozzle Spout

Dimensions to Help Address Storage Tank Overpressure

October 25, 2018

Vapor

Recovery

Nozzle

Vehicle

Fill Pipe

2

Ongoing Need for Vapor Recovery

Reduce ozone & benzene California Today:

15 billion gallons gasoline/year

3

California’s Vapor Recovery Program

Bulk Plants /

Terminals

Cargo Tanks

Gas Stations

Phase I Vapor Recovery

Dispensing to Vehicles

Phase II Vapor Recovery

4

t t

>90% Emission

Reduction

t

Gallo

ns C

onsum

ed (

Bill

ions)

Em

issio

ns (

Tons p

er

Day)

Reducing Gasoline Emissions Gasoline Consumption Increase of ~50%

15 300

10

0

100

200

>90% Emission

Reduction

5

0 1975 1990 2000 2010

First Vapor Recovery Benzene EVR Rules Rules Adopted ATCM (Enhanced Vapor Recovery)

5

Success Through Collaboration

CARB Air Districts Industry

• Establish performance

standards

• Develop test procedures

• Certify new equipment

and control technologies

• Quantify emissions and

reductions

• Develop innovative

control technologies

• Install, operate, and

maintain control systems

• Implement and enforce

rules

• Permit and inspect gas

stations

• Provide data to CARB

6

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Liquid

Overpressure Issues

1. Emission increases in winter • Benzene emissions:

Potential near source health risk concerns at some sites

CHECK

ENGINE

2. In Station Diagnostic System alarm response costs when no equipment malfunctions

7

What Causes Overpressure?

• Primary Causes: • High Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP)

of winter blend gasoline

• Excess air ingested due to poor seal at interface between vapor recovery nozzles and newer vehicle fill pipes

Today’s Regulatory Proposals

• Site-Specific Factors

8

Vapor+ Air

Liquid

Air Ingestion While Fueling

Vehicle with ORVR*

* ORVR: On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery

9

System Dynamics While Fueling with Poor Nozzle/Fill Pipe Seal

... . . . .... . .. .... ~ ~ . . . . ·•: · ...... u~ . . . •• • • •• • • • • • • • '.4~· •• .., .... tft., ~ • • •.-: .•.-:· :.... :.... .... , .,. ""'.I: • • • • • • • •••••• ...... • • • ..... .... .!i.• ..................

Liquid

Overpressure After Air Ingestion

0 - +

10

Increasing Trend in Excess Air Ingestion

Fueling Events with Excess Air Ingestion

10%

20%

30%

0%

2004 2007 2010 2012 2014 2015

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Causes of Excess Air Ingestion

1. Capless fill pipes with open drain path

Gap 2. Loose Latch a. Depth of fill pipe locking lip

b. Vapor recovery nozzle design

3. Secondary outer ring (obstructed face seal)

12

Proposed Dimensions: Key Terms

Nozzle Bellows (aka boot or

interlock device)

Nozzle Spout

Anchor (latch ring)

13

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• P: Aspirator Port (also called sensor port automatic shutoff port) or

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SECTION A-A

1' ' ~ ~

✓r 1rtual Sharp

Standardize Nozzle Spout Dimensions

Current:

3 dimensions

D1

L1

L2

Proposed:

15 dimensions

14

SECTION B~B

8 3 : 2.5 TIR along contact surfaces (zones shaded to gray)

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Standardize Nozzle Bellows Dimensions Proposed:

4 dimensions

B4

B

B

15

Conical Nozzle Bellows Cross Section B4 measurement if

bellows is conical/

spherical in shape:

• Public Process

Public Workshops

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Overpressure

Workshops*

SAE Task Force

Meetings

Regulatory

Proposals for

Nozzles/Fill Pipes

* Workshops for design and planning for field studies, study results, early regulatory proposals

16

Voluntary Improvements to

Vacuum-Assist Nozzle

Improved Latch Ring No Longer Manufactured

Latch Ring on Assist Spout

17

Benefits of Improved Assist Nozzle

Emission Reductions* Reactive Organic Gas (ROG)

and Benzene

Cost Savings for Gas Station Operators with

Reduced Frequency of ISD Alarms

~0.94 tons per day (annualized) ~$3.47 million through 2030

~2.85 tons per day (winter)

* Improved assist nozzle reduces overpressure (OP) alarm frequency and associated emissions, but does

not resolve all overpressure concerns. Staff’s fill pipe proposal (next Board item) also will help reduce OP alarm frequency and emissions. Future regulatory proposal will address remaining OP factors.

18

Cost of Proposed Amendments Include 16 new dimensions in CARB certification process

Increased CARB Certification Costs

for Nozzle Manufacturers

~$20,520 through 2030 If cost passed to gas stations, ~$2.41 per station*

* Assumes 20% mark-up = ($20,520 * 1.2) ÷ 10,202 gas stations in California

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Staff Recommendations

• Staff recommends that the Board approve

today's proposal to standardize gas station

nozzle spout dimensions

• Staff will continue working to identify

opportunities to address overpressure and

reduce ISD alarm frequency

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