california regional pm10/pm2.5 air quality study: update

California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study:

Update

California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study:

Update

March 17, 1999Air & Waste Management Association Conference

Motivation for StudyMotivation for Study

SJV currently violates both the 24-hour and annual standards for PM10 and PM2.5

Exceedances occur at both rural and urban sites

Exceedances of the PM10 and PM2.5 standards can occur at any time of year, but are most common during the fall and winter months

Study ObjectivesStudy Objectives

Provide an improved understanding of the nature and causes of high particulate matter concentrations in Central California

Develop tools useful to decision-makers in evaluating alternative control strategies

Understand linkages between particulate matter and other pollutants

Key Questions To Be AddressedKey Questions To Be Addressed

What are the specific sources which are contributing to PM exceedances?

Are exceedances local or regional in nature, or a combination of both?

Which PM components should controls be focused on?

Will the same strategies be effective for both the annual and the 24-hour standards?

Study SponsorsStudy Sponsors

Federal Government EPA, DOD, USDA, DOT, DOI, DOE

State Government ARB, CEC

Local Government SJVUAPCD, Counties, Cities, BAAQMD

Private Sector Oil, Utilities, Agriculture

Study Funding BreakdownStudy Funding Breakdown

FederalGovernment

($15.9 million)

StateGovernment($5.0 million)

Local Government($4.5 million)

Private Sector ($2.1 million)

Total Study Budget: $27.5 million

Study ComponentsStudy Components

93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02

Planning

1995 Integrated

Monitoring Study

Field Studies

Modeling & Analysis

Planning Work ElementsPlanning Work Elements

Work Element Completion

Scoping Study 1993

Historical Data Analysis 1997

Historical Modeling 1997

Technical Support Studies 1998

Preliminary Field Program 1998

Protocol Documents 1998

USDA Research ongoing

1995 Integrated Monitoring Study1995 Integrated Monitoring Study

Preliminary field monitoring program conducted during the fall and winter of 1995/1996

Focused on the central and southern San Joaquin Valley

Designed to provide both information to better plan future field monitoring and interim products

© 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping © 1993 DeLorme Mapping

TulareTulareTulareTulareTulareTulareTulareTulareTulare

ExeterExeterExeterExeterExeterExeterExeterExeterExeter

HanfordHanfordHanfordHanfordHanfordHanfordHanfordHanfordHanford

ArmonaArmonaArmonaArmonaArmonaArmonaArmonaArmonaArmona

LemooreLemooreLemooreLemooreLemooreLemooreLemooreLemooreLemooreFarmersvilleFarmersvilleFarmersvilleFarmersvilleFarmersvilleFarmersvilleFarmersvilleFarmersvilleFarmersville

VisaliaVisaliaVisaliaVisaliaVisaliaVisaliaVisaliaVisaliaVisalia

CorcoranCorcoranCorcoranCorcoranCorcoranCorcoranCorcoranCorcoranCorcoran

PixleyPixleyPixleyPixleyPixleyPixleyPixleyPixleyPixley

Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed Tulare Lake Bed


1995 Integrated Monitoring Study Fall Monitoring Domain

1995 Integrated Monitoring Study - Fall Corcoran Saturation Sites: November 14, 1995 Source Contributions

0

50

100

150

200

250

300C

03

C0

9

C11

C1

3

C2

0

C0

5

C0

6

C1

5

C1

9

CO

V

C0

8

So

urc

e C

on

trib

uti

on

(u

g/m

3)

Other

Geological

Excess OC

Mobile

Burning

AmmoniumSulfate

AmmoniumNitrate

Agricultural Industrial Residential

1995 Integrated Monitoring Study Winter Monitoring Domain


San JoseSan JoseSan JoseSan JoseSan JoseSan JoseSan JoseSan JoseSan Jose

FresnoFresnoFresnoFresnoFresnoFresnoFresnoFresnoFresno

BakersfieldBakersfieldBakersfieldBakersfieldBakersfieldBakersfieldBakersfieldBakersfieldBakersfield

BishopBishopBishopBishopBishopBishopBishopBishopBishop

BarstowBarstowBarstowBarstowBarstowBarstowBarstowBarstowBarstow

280280280280280280280280280

101101101101101101101101101

959595959595959595

101101101101101101101101101

151515151515151515

404040404040404040

555555555

395395395395395395395395395

Chowchilla

Kern Wildlife

CHODEV

REY

MET TEH

ERL

SPR

ELN

VOL

COA

COR

FRI

MKR

LOO

Fresno

Bakersfield


1995 Integrated Monitoring Study - Winter Core Sites 24-Hour PM2.5 Concentrations

0

20

40

60

80

100

12012

/9

12/1

1

12/1

3

12/1

5

12/1

7

12/1

9

12/2

1

12/2

3

12/2

5

12/2

7

12/2

9

12/3

1

1/2

1/4

1/6

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/m

3)

Bakersfield Chowchilla Fresno KernWildlife

1995 Integrated Monitoring Study - Winter Core Monitoring Sites PM2.5: December 27, 1995

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Bakersfield Fresno Kern Wildlife SWChowchilla

So

urc

e C

on

trib

uti

on

(u

g/m

3)

Other

Geological

TotalCarbon

AmmoniumSulfate

AmmoniumNitrate

1995 Integrated Monitoring Study - WinterFresno 3-Hour Chemistry Data

0

50

100

150

200

250

3001

2/9

:00

12

/10

:00

12

/25

:00

12

/26

:00

12

/27

:00

12

/28

:00

1/4

:00

1/5

:00

1/6

:00

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

ug

/m3)

Nitrate Ion Total Carbon Mass

1995 Integrated Monitoring Study - WinterKern Wildlife 3-Hour Chemistry Data

0

50

100

150

200

250

3001

2/9

:00

12

/10

:00

12

/25

:00

12

/26

:00

12

/27

:00

12

/28

:00

1/4

:00

1/5

:00

1/6

:00

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

ug

/m3)

Nitrate Ion Total Carbon Mass

1995 Integrated Monitoring Study - WinterDecember 26-27, 1995: PM2.5 Organic Carbon

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Kern Wildlife Bakersfield Fresno

Org

anic

Car

bo

n (

ug

/m3)

Softwood Smoke

Hardwood Smoke

Other

Meat Cooking

NG CombustionDiesel VehiclesGasoline Vehicles

Study Design PrinciplesStudy Design Principles

PM10 is driven by PM2.5 in the winter; solving the wintertime PM2.5 problem will also solve the wintertime PM10 problem

PM10 is driven by both the PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 fraction in the fall. Both fractions will need to be addressed

PM2.5 standards are most likely to be exceeded in Fresno and Bakersfield

Detailed understanding of one or two urban areas can be translated to other urban areas.

Study Design Principles Cont.Study Design Principles Cont.

PM10 standards are most likely to be exceeded in the central and southern SJV

Primary PM2.5 contributions derive mostly from the urban area in which they were generated

Secondary PM2.5 contributions result from regional-scale transport and mixing

More detailed and complete aerosol chemistry at a small number of sites is preferred over less detailed measurements at more sites.

Field Program ScheduleField Program Schedule

Annual Field Monitoring 12/1/99 - 1/31/01

Fall Episodic Monitoring 9/1/00 - 10/31/00

Winter Episodic Monitoring 12/1/00 - 1/31/01

PM2.5 mass, chemical, and light scattering measurements at backbone, anchor, and satellite sites

Upper air meteorological measurements during the annual average measurement campaign

Upper air meteorological measurements during the winter campaignUpper air meteorological measurements during the winter campaign

Modeling & Data AnalysisModeling & Data Analysis

Develop an integrated set of PM modeling methods

Conduct data analysis to support modeling and provide a conceptual framework for understanding the nature and causes of PM exceedances

Provide tools for decision makers to explore “what-if” scenarios

Expected Final ProductsExpected Final Products

Policy & Technical Findings Documents

Modeling & Analysis Toolkit

Support for PM SIPsSIP

california regional pm10/pm2.5 air quality study: update

Documents

wintertime pm2

pm10 standards

generatedsecondary pm2

annual standards

air quality study

southern sjvprimary

hour standards

detailed measurements