calres update phase 1 progress report april 22, 2009 bruce wilcox phil niles ken nittler

CALRES UpdatePhase 1Progress Report

April 22, 2009

Bruce WilcoxPhil NilesKen Nittler

April 22, 2009 Wilcox - CalresUp 2

CALRES UpdateProgress Highlights

We have developed CZM (Conditioned Zone Model), a proof of concept hourly heating and cooling loads model for a single conditioned zone

CZM features improved thermal mass, ventilation, and solar gain algorithms

We have compared CZM with measured hourly data

There is more work needed to integrate CZM into the calculation procedures for the 2011 Standards


Agenda

CALPAS1 UZM Attic Model CALRES Update Project Fort Wayne Validation Data New CZM Model Compare CZM and DATA Next Steps


CALPAS1History

Developed by Niles to calculate passive solar system performance for the CEC’s California Passive Handbook published in 1980

Focus was on passive solar heating and massive buildings

Descendents include CALPAS3, CALRES, CNE, ENERGY10 Micropas


CALPAS1Context

Mainframe computers had very limited calculation capabilities by modern standards and computer resources were a big constraint

Building simulations had to be radically simplified to allow annual calculations: Micropas reduced year weather files DOE2 room weighting factors


CALPAS1Network Schematic


UZM Residential Attic/Duct Model Developed for the 2008 CEC standards with

PIER funding Project Team:

Bruce Wilcox Phil Niles Ken Nittler Larry Palmiter Danny Parker

Approach Detailed first principles algorithms

Separate radiant heat transfer Variable heat transfer coefficients All surfaces treated as massive

Calculation intensive (10 time steps/hr)


UZM Attic Simulation Model

Duct

Vent Vent

Conduction & Infiltration

Solar

Convection & Radiation

Roof Deck

Attic

House

Ceiling


California Data Comparison

One year of measured attic temperature data for Cardinal Glass research house in Roseville

Unoccupied, instrumented, ACM occupancy Tile roof with high/low ventilation, sealed ducts in attic, ceiling

construction defects, all modeled using proposed approach


UZM matches attic temperature pattern for week including highest attic temperature of the year

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

217 218 219 220 221 222 223

Day

De

g F

Outdoor

Attic Data

UZM


Cool Shingle Life Cycle Cost Supports New Requirement in Hottest Climates

Based on UZM calculated TDV savings for 0.25 reflectance shingle compared to a 0.08 reflectance shingle in a prescriptive 1761 prototype.

First cost premium of 0.25 aged reflectance shingle is $0.35/ft2

0.25 Aged Reflectance Shingle CTZ Life Cycle Cost Savings, $/ft2 Roof11 0.3513 0.4015 0.57


CALRES Update Project 1st Phase Approach

The project team will start with the UZM

attic space model developed by this team

for the PIER Research for the 2008

Building Standards (contract 500-04-006)

produce a proof of concept model with

improved conditioned space ventilation

and cooling related algorithms.


CALRES Update Project1st Phase Objective

demonstrate the algorithmic improvements using a single zone loads simulation


CALRES Update Project1st Phase Goals

Accurately model solar gain impact (through glazing and opaque

walls) on cooling energy and peak load

the impact of building shell and interior mass on cooling loads and indoor temperature variation

ventilation interaction with building mass and its impact on cooling energy and peak load


CALRES Update Project 1st Phase Deliverables

A proof of concept hourly heating and cooling loads model for a single conditioned zone conventional wood framed slab on grade home

A comparison of 2008 CALRES and the improved model with measured hourly data for relevant homes with air conditioning and cooling ventilation

A brief report documenting the improved algorithms

Cardinal Test HomesFort Wayne Indiana2003 - Present


2.8 ACH50SLA = 1.4


2004-2005 Heating kWH by Glass Type and Orientation

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

kWh

HSLE South

LOE2 South

HSLE West

LSLE West


FtW Validation DataWhole House Fan


FtW Validation DataEconomizer


FtW Validation DataNatural Ventilation


Ft Wayne Data Comparison of Vent Cases

35

45

55

65

75

85

372 384 396 408 420 432 444 456 468

Whole HouseFan

Tout

OpenWindows

Economizer


FtW Validation DataPosition of Doors is Critical


FtW Natural VentilationOpen only the 2nd story windows?


Ft Wayne Data Room Air Temperatures

Whole House Fan

485052545658606264666870727476788082

Day

De

g F

Dining

Living

Kitchen

Laundry

BR2

BR3

BR4

Mbath

MBR



Economizer

485052545658606264666870727476788082

Day

De

g F

Dining

Living

Kitchen

Laundry

BR2

BR3

BR4

MBR



Natural Ventilation

485052545658606264666870727476788082

Day

De

g F

Dining

Living

Kitchen

Laundry

BR2

BR3

BR4

Mbath

MBR



No Vent

485052545658606264666870727476788082

Day

De

g F

Dining

Living

Kitchen

Laundry

BR2

BR3

BR4

Mbath

MBR


New CZMFeatures All opaque surfaces are calculated

separately as mass elements (walls, floors, ceilings, interior walls, furniture)

Separate radiant and convective heat transfer calculation for all surfaces

Convective coefficients depend on Surface orientation Surface and air temperature Room air movement from HVAC or venting

Solar gains on walls are lagged


CZM Network Schematic


Comparison of CZM and Data Floating Temperature

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

72 84 96 108 120

Hour

F

Tin CZM

Tout

Tin Data


Comparison of CZM and Data Mass, Heating and Cooling

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

328 340 352

Tin CZM

Tout

Tin Data

Heat CZM

Cool CZM

Heat Data

Cool Data


Comparison of CZM and Data Whole House Fan

40

50

60

70

80

90

372 384 396 408 420 432 444 456 468

Tin CZM

Tout

Tin Data

Tave-Flr1


Comparison of CZM and Data Economizer

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

372 384 396 408 420 432 444 456 468

Tin CZM

Tout

Tin Data

Flr 1Temp


Comparison of CZM and Data Natural Vent – 10% open, 8’ Stack

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

372 384 396 408 420 432 444 456 468

Tin CZM

Tout

Tin Data


Comparison of CZM and Data Natural Vent - 5% open, 2’ Stack

35

45

55

65

75

85

372 384 396 408 420 432 444 456 468

TinCZM

Tout

TinData


CALRES UpdateNext Steps

We have developed CZM (Conditioned Zone Model), a proof of concept hourly heating and cooling loads model for a single conditioned zone

CZM features improved thermal mass, ventilation, and solar gain algorithms

We have compared CZM with measured hourly data

There is more work needed to integrate CZM into the calculation procedures for the 2011 Standards


Next Steps Standards Calculation Engine(s)

Five Separate Functions (Engines) Input Engine. Validates the building specification input

by the user (e. g. no negative wall areas) Standard Design Engine. Produces a Standard Design

(Compliance, HERS, Tax Credit versions) for any building specification

Calculation Engine. Accepts machine readable input and returns energy, TDV, etc values

Compliance Engine. Assembles values from Proposed and Standard design runs and compares them to determine compliance.

Reports Engine. Accepts Compliance results and prints reports (CF1R, forms etc).


CalresUp Development

Phase 1 demonstrating technical validity of zone model improvements. Remaining work: Compare with CALRES2008 and DOE2 Report

Phase 2 Needed for 2011 Standards Team Multiple conditioned and unconditioned with

interactions. (CZM and UZM) New window model with surface temperatures Sky temperature algorithm for new weather files Validation and Impact analysis Can start 2011 Standards Development at this point


CalresUp Development

Phase 3 Needed for 2011 Stakeholders Standard Design Engine. Produces a Standard Design

(Compliance version) for any building specification ACM Manual update Can finish the 2011 Standards Development here

Phase 4 Input Engine. Validates the building specification input

by the user (e. g. no negative wall areas) Compliance Engine. Assembles values from Proposed

and Standard design runs and compares them to determine compliance.

Reports Engine. Accepts Compliance results and prints reports (CF1R, forms etc).

calres update phase 1 progress report april 22, 2009 bruce wilcox phil niles ken nittler

Documents

factors wilcox calresupapril

steps wilcox calresupapril

35ft2wilcox calresupapril

yearwilcox calresupapril

uzm attic space model

czm conditioned zone

attic temperature pattern

highest attic temperature