cam magazine june 2007

7/23/2019 CAM Magazine June 2007

1/72

NDKQQ/NDKVEHN

K Denls'Skqsea Akqq Sbaeh slb Lbkys o` Cbsyoe

Sykhq}kybhs Q}dbhcoySlb Ibddb Eqdb Aohqbypksoy

NDKQQ/NDKVEHN

K Denls'Skqsea Akqq Sbaleh slb Lbkys o` Cbsyoe

Sykhq}kybhs Q}dbhcoySlb Ibddb Eqdb Aohqbypksoyu

]drq6 Q^BBS QRAABQQ Slb Ehsyeaksb ôoc~oyj ks Qrhyeqb o` Idoogèbdc$ Idoogèbdc S~}(

FRHB 9==> POD( 9< HO( 0 #3(==

P O E A B O @ S L B A O H Q S Y R A S E O H E H C R Q S Y U

EH SLEQ EQQRBEH SLEQ EQQRB

^BEDDLKDD

KS R O@G

^BEDDLKDD

KS R O@G]yofbas Opbypeb~ ]drqCbskedbc Aky}bhsyu @bksryb]yofbas Opbypeb~ ]drqCbskedbc Aky}bhsyu @bksryb


2/72


3/72

Nyor} Ehqrykhab

khc Qodec}yosbaseoh

K Hb~ Akyyeby Gbkhq Hb~ Yksbq+

Akdd rq socku òy }yeaehn khc `ryslby cbskedq

KC'GHD'===3 =1/=>

Nooc bg}doubbq kyb bqqbhsekd so slb qraabqq o` uory irqehbqq( Khc ybskehehn uory bg}doubbq akh ib

alkddbhnehn( Slksq ~lu uory Kqqoaekseoh q}ohqoyq slb AKG Ibhbès ]yonykg ((( k pkdrkidb nyor} lbkdsl

ehqrykhab }yonykg ~esl k ~ecb ykhnb o` ibhbèsq o}seohq(

Iu aogiehehn ory ybq}ohqepb doakd adkegq qbypeabq ~esl ory hb~ gbceakd khc }lkygkau ehqrykhab

akyyeby$ Gkceqoh Hkseohkd De`b$ uor ho~ lkpb kh o}}oysrhesu so qbdbas k `rdd kyyku o` bg}doubb ibhbèsq6

Gbceakd ]]O Y\ Cyrn AkycCbhskd ]]O De`b

Fbyyu Yrsjo~qje AKG Kcgeheqsyksepb Qbypeabq

]l6 93


4/723 AKG GKNKVEHB FRHB 9==>

@BKSRYBQ

;3 Aohqsyraseoh [rosb ]kc]esal Ybpepkd

;< Oh slb Foiqesb6]rssehn @kesl eh k Aohsykasoy

AKY]BHSYU

9= NehnbyiybkcIr``bsSlb Ibkrsu eq eh slb

Cbskedq ks QrhyeqbQbheoy Depehn

90 SegbdbqqAyk`sqgkhqle}Rhepbyqesu o` Gealenkhq

Qsksbdu Fokh khc Qkhòyc

^bedd Lkdd khc Nbykdc Y( @oyc

Qalood o` ]ridea ]odeau

NDKQQ / NDKVEHN

19 Akqq Sbal

K Denls'Skqsea Iredcehn eh slb Lbkys o` Cbsyoes

39 K Nkycbh Rhcby NdkqqSlb Khhk Qaye}}q ^lesaogi Aohqbypksoyu oh Ibddb Eqdb

AOHQSYRASEOH LENLDENLS

3< ^bedd LkddKh Kcpkhabc Cbnybb eh Ayk`sqgkhqle}

CB]KYSGBHSQ

< Ehcrqsyu Hb~q;9 Qk`bsu Sood Jes20 ]yocras Qlo~akqb03 ]bo}db eh Aohqsyraseoh00 AKG Irubyq Nrecb R}cksb05 Aohqsyraseoh Akdbhcky>= Kcpbyseqbyq Ehcb|

P O E A B O @ S L B A O H Q S Y R A S E O H E H C R Q S Y U

KIORS SLB AOPBY

Slb Rhepbyqesu o` Gealenkh.q }ea srybq{rb nyorhcq ~byb ybabhsdu sykhqòygbc iu slb kcceseoh

o` Fokh khc Qkhòyc ^bedd Lkdd$ ~leal lorqbq slb Nbykdc Y( @oyc Qalood o` ]ridea ]odeau(

Pkyeorq kq}basq o` sleq rhe{rb }yofbas kyb ceqarqqbc eh sleq gohsl.q Aky}bhsyu @bksryb khc

Aohqsyraseoh Lenldenls(]LOSO IU CEBSYEAL @DOBSBY


5/72


6/720 A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= => Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

]RIDEQLBY Jbpeh H( Jobldby

BCESOY Kgkhck G( Skajbss

AOHSYEIRSEHN BCESOY B( Cb~bu Dessdb

KQQOAEKSB BCESOYQ Gkyu B( Jybg}oqjuCkpec Y( Geddby

]YOCRASEOH CEYBASOY Gksslb~ F( Krqsbygkhh

CEYBASOY O@ GKYJBSEHN Nybnn K( Gohso~qje

KAAORHS B\BARSEPB Akslu K( Fohbq

CEYBASOYQO@@EABYQ

Alkeygkh Ykhcu D( Iyoojq$Sbg}byksryb Bhnehbbyehn Aoy}(

Peab Alkeygkh Slogkq B( Coudb$]dkhsb & Goykh$ ]DDA

Peab Alkeygkh Hkhau C( Gkyqlkdd$Kdrgehrg Qr}}du Ao(

Sybkqryby Fb``ybu ^( Aolbb$@ykhj Yb~odc & Qoh$ Eha(

]ybqecbhs Jbpeh H( Jobldby

CEYBASOYQ Iyekh F( Iyrhs$Iyrhs Kqqoaeksbq

Yeaj F( Aekhbj$@ykao ]yocrasq

Iyekh C( Jedbu$Bcnb~ooc Bdbasyea$ Eha(

Y( Khcyb~ Gkyseh$@( L( Gkyseh Aohqsyrasoyq

Sbc A( GaNehdbu$Nrslbyeb Drgiby Ao(

Yoibys F( Gealebdrsse Fy($Gealebdrsse Iyoq($ Eha(

Folh OHbed$ Qy($^( F( OHbed Aog}khu

Ndbhh B( ]kypeh$A(K(Q(Q(

Gealenkh Qoaebsu o`Kqqoaekseoh B|barsepbq

9==9$ 9==3 & 9==2Cekgohc K~kyc

9==1 Lohoykidb Gbhseoh

Nkddbyu o` @ehb ]yehsehn

9==9 Iyohvb K~kyc

GKYAOG EhsbyhkseohkdAybksepb K~kycq

9==2 Nodc K~kyc

Slb AoggrheaksoyEhsbyhkseohkd

]yehs Gbcek Aog}bseseoh

Opbykdd Kqqoaekseoh Gknkvehb

Gknkvehb ^yesehn

AKG Gknkvehb ,EQQH=9';===(

Ao}uyenls 9==0 Aohqsyraseoh Kqqoaekseoh o` Gealenkh( Kdd yenlsq ybqbypbc( Yb}yocraseoh eh ~lodb oy }kys ~eslor

}bygeqqeoh eq }yoleiesbc( AKG Gknkvehb eq k ybneqsbybc sykcbgkyj o` slb Aohqsyraseoh Kqqoaekseoh o` Gealenkh(

9==0

NYK]LEA CBQENH RQK

KGBYEAKH EHLORQB

CBQENH K^KYC


7/72


8/72< A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= => Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

Kdrgehrg Qr}}du$ Eha(eq QIKq Hkseohkd êhhby@kgedu'O~hbc Qgkdd Irqehbqqo` slb Ubky+

Kdrgehrg Qr}}du Aog}khu$ Eha( ehCbsyoes lkq ibbh hkgbc slb 9==> Hkseohkd

Fb``ybu Irsdkhc @kgedu'O~hbc Irqehbqqo` slb Ubky iu slb R(Q( Qgkdd IrqehbqqKcgeheqsykseoh ,QIK%( Hkhau C(Gkyqlkdd$ }ybqecbhs & ABO o` KdrgehrgQr}}du Aog}khu$ khc k aryybhs peabalkeygkh o` AKGq 9==> Iokyc o`Ceybasoyq$ eq slb qbaohc nbhbykseoh o` slb`kgedu so o}byksb sleq irqehbqq(

Gealenkh eq logb so gkhu qraabqq`rd`kgedu'o~hbc irqehbqqbq$ khc E kg pbyu}yorc slks sleq Cbsyoes'ikqbc aog}khulkq ybabepbc hkseohkd ybaonheseoh$ qkecYealkyc Sbgjeh$ QIK Gealenkh Ceqsyeas

Ceybasoy( Qgkdd irqehbqqbq dejbKdrgehrg Qr}}du Aog}khu ~edd }dku kien yodb eh slb nyo~sl o` Gealenkhq baoh'ogu kq ~b no òy~kyc( Gkyqlkddybabepbc lby hkseohkd k~kyc oh K}yed 91$9==> ks kh bpbhehn ybab}seoh eh slb R(Q(

Cb}kysgbhs o` Qsksb ,Ce}dogkseaYbab}seoh Yoog% kq }kys o` slb 9'ckukhhrkd Hkseohkd Qgkdd Irqehbqq ^bbjAbdbiykseoh(

Hkhau Gkyqlkddq rhadb$ YoibysGkyqlkdd$ qskysbc Kdrgehrg Qr}}duAog}khu eh ;53< kq k ~lodbqkdb ceqsyeir'

soy o` kdrgehrg }yocrasq( K`sby slb bhco` ôydc ^ky EE$ lb lkc lkc k cbqeyb so ibaogb kh bhsyb}ybhbry kq lb qk~ ksybgbhcorq o}}oysrhesu òy irqehbqqnyo~sl eh Cbsyoes( Ho~$ hbkydu 0= ubkyqdksby$ Kdrgehrg Qr}}du Aog}khu lkq~oh hkseohkd ybaonheseoh$ khc es eq k dbkc'ehn ceqsyeirsoy khc `kiyeaksoy o` kyalesba'srykd iredcehn }yocrasq( Slb aog}khuqqkdbq nyo~sl lkq ehaybkqbc iu ;2; }byabhs`yog 9=== so 9==3 khc es bg}douq 9= }bo'}db(

Slb Gkyqlkdd `kgedu ibdebpbq eh lbd}ehn

slbey aoggrhesu kq slbu qr}}oysKdsbyhksepbq òy Neydq$ Idoaj JecqIredcehn ]yonykg$ khc Lkiesks òyLrgkhesu( Kcceseohkddu$ Gkyqlkdd eq ohslb Iokyc o` Ceybasoyq òy slbAohqsyraseoh Kqqoaekseoh o` Gealenkh

khc eq kh kasepb gbgiby òy HkseohKqqoaekseoh o` ôgbh eh AohqsyraseohKqqoaeksbc Nbhbykd Aohsykasoyq$ khc slHkseohkd Kqqoaekseoh o` ôgbh IrqehbqO~hbyq( Kdrgehrg Qr}}du Aog}kh~kq ybaonhevbc iu Eha( Gknkvehb kq 9==0 Ehhby Aesu ;== k~kyc ~ehhby kq oh

o` slb ;== `kqsbqs nyo~ehn aog}khebq eehhby aesebq eh Kgbyeak(

Gkyqlkdd ybabepbc lby Gealenkh khGec~bqs Ybneoh k~kycq cryehn slb sleykhhrkd Gealenkh Abdbiyksbq QgkIrqehbqq k~kycq cehhby ks slb JbddonLosbd & Aoh`bybhab Abhsby eh BkDkhqehn oh K}yed ;9$ 9==>(

Qraabqq`rd Qk`bsu ôyjqlo}Kssykasq Hbkydu 5= ]kyseae}khs

Oh Gkyal 9=$ 9==> slb Qorslbk

Gealenkh Ybqecbhsekd & AoggbyaeAohqsyraseoh Qk`bsu ôyjqlo} ~kq lbdks slb Soskd Q}oysq Aog}db| eh ê|ogSlb ~oyjqlo} ~kq k qraabqq$ ~esl adoqso 5= }kyseae}khsq kssbhcehn qbqqeohq o@kdd ]yosbaseoh$ Qak`òdcehn$ Kqibqso

E H C R Q S Y U H B ^ Q

~loq lbd}ehnuoreg}yopb o}bykseohq?

Uorpb ireds k qraabqq rd aohqsyraseoh aog}khu( Ho~ uor hbbc k qsyohn$

b|}byebhabc }kyshby so lbd} èhb'srhb uory o}bykseohq òy nybksby

b`èaebhaebq khc eg}yopbc }yoèsq( Opby ;$=== Gec~bqs aohsykasoyqien

khc qgkddsyrqs Peyalo~ Jykrqb so lbd} slbg ybkdevb slbey èhkhaekd khc

irqehbqq cybkgq( Qo akh uor(

Peyalo~ Jykrqb( Frqs slb Yenls @es(

Irqehbqq ]yoabqq Eg}yopbgbhsDohn sbyg qraabqq qsyksbnebq ]yofbas & èbdc gkhknbgbhs qsyksbnebq

Ikaj o`èab b`èaebhaebq Aoqs aohsyodq Sbalhodonu qodrseohq

Gksbyekdq gkhknbgbhs & doneqseaq

Abyse ebc ]ridea Kaaorhskhsq & Aohqrdskhsq

~~~(peyalo~jykrqb(aog pjcbsyoesMpeyalo~jykrqb(aog


9/72

A K G G K NK VE H B F R HB 9= = >Peqes rq ks ~~~(akg'ohdehb(aog

K~kybhbqq$ ]yb'Skqj Khkduqeq$ khc goyb(Kssbhcbbq ~byb kidb so nbs r} adoqb khc}byqohkd ~esl kasrkd b{re}gbhs qral kqkey gohesoyq$ qak`òdcq khc }oyskidb

sybhal io|bq( Slb `kaedesu }yopbc so ib}by`bas òy sleq su}b o` bpbhs$ ~esl }dbhsuo` yoog òy slb b{re}gbhs irs ~eslors ibehn qo ien slks òdjq nos doqs( Slbjbuhosb q}bkjby$ Gy( Corn Jkdeho~qje$ceybasoy o` GEOQLK$ nos bpbyuohb}rg}bc r} òy qk`bsu ~esl leq rqrkdbhslrqekqg(

@bbcikaj `yog kssbhcbbq ehadrcbc6Dopbc slb `kdd }yosbaseoh khc E `bdspbyu aogòyskidb }kyseae}ksehn eh adkqq(^b kdqo lkc qogb nooc qrnnbqseohq òyso}eaq so kcc so hb|s ubkyq ~oyjqlo}(

Kdd eh kdd$ slb cku ~kq k nybks qraabqq ~eslòdjq skjehn k~ku k dos o` nooc$ rqkidbqk`bsu ehòygkseoh( b dooj òy~kyc soqbbehn uor ks hb|s ubkyq ~oyjqlo}+

Doakd Irqehbqq Sbkgq R} ~esl@doyeck Qsrcbhsq so ]yogosbQk`bsu

Bhpeyohgbhskd Gkehsbhkhab Bhnehbbyq$Eha( ,BGB% o` Ehjqsby lkq }kyshbybc ~eslCbkhhk CbYooq 2sl nykcb adkqq ksDehaodh Bdbgbhskyu Qalood eh ]dkhs Aesu$@doyeck so }yogosb Nbs Co~h ~esl

Qk`bsu$ k hb~ akg}kenh so }yogosboyjby Qk`bsu khc Jecq Qk`bsu K~kybhbqq

eh 9==>(Coh CbYoo$ peab }ybqecbhs o` irqehbqq

cbpbdo}gbhs òy BGB ,khc Cbkhhkqckc%$ sykpbdbc so Dehaodh Bdbgbhskyu soyodd ors slb hb~ }yonykg oh @biyrkyu 91$9==>( Cryehn leq peqes$ slb qsrcbhsq kco}s'bc kh BGB bg}doubb khc k cbqenhksbcqk`bsu slbgb(

Slb qsrcbhsq }kyseae}ksbc eh slb }yo'nykg iu qbdbasehn k ykhcog bhpbdo}b

CBSYOES AKY]BHSYU

FOEHS K]]YBHSEABQLE]

SYKEHEHN AOGGESSBB

CBSYOES & QORSLBKQSBYH GEALENKH

QSYBHNSL SLYORNL

JHO^DBCNB KHC QJEDD

;3=; @kyyo~ @byhckdb$ GE 3


10/72;= A K G G K NK V EH B F RH B 9 == > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

aohskehehn slb hkgb khc }easryb o` kh BGB bg}doubb khc k

qk`bsu slbgb( Coh CbYoo cbgohqsyksbc slb }yo}by lbkc$ lbky'ehn$ khc ybq}eyksoy }yosbaseoh òy slb qsrcbhsq$ kq ~bdd kq bub$lkhc$ òos$ cyepby khc dkccby qk`bsu( Bkal kybk yb}ybqbhsq ohb o`slb qk`bsu slbgbq kco}sbc iu slb qsrcbhsq(

Coh CbYoo kqjbc bkal qsrcbhs so aybksb kh oyenehkd }oqsbyeddrqsyksehn leq oy lby cbqenhksbc qk`bsu slbgb khc kco}sbc

bg}doubb( R}oh aog}dbseoh$ slb }oqsbyq ~byb qbhs so BGB

aoy}oyksb lbkc{rkysbyq khc ceq}dkubc slyornlors slb o`èab kh~kyblorqb( Slb qsrcbhsq }oqsbyq ~edd ib k ybgehcby òbg}doubbq so Slehj Qk`bsu @eyqs khc òddo~ Qk`b ôy]ykaseabq eh slb o` eab khc ks foiqesbq( So slkhj slb qsrcbhsq òslbey lkyc ~oyj khc }kyseae}kseoh$ slbu bkal ybabepbc k }byqohkdevbc lkyc lks `yog BGB(


;9;29 Gbyyegkh Yc( ,Qorsl o` E'50% ( Depohek$ Gealenkh

]lohb6 >13'2;1'2>>> ( @k|6 >13'2;1'2>


11/72

A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= = > ;Peqes rq ks ~~~(akg'ohdehb(aog

ÂK Khhorhabq 9==> ]uykgecK~kyc êhhbyq

Slb ^kqlsbhk~ Aohsykasoyq Kqqoaekseoh,ÂK% khhorhabc slb ~ehhbyq o` esq ;=slkhhrkd ]UYKGEC K~kycq oh Gkyal 9hcibòyb k nyor} o` slb aorhsuq dbkcehn aoh'

sykasoyq$ kyalesbasq$ aohqsyraseoh }yofbaso~hbyq$ khc dkioy dbkcbyq( Bkal o` slbqb}ybqseneorq k~kycq yb}ybqbhsq b|ab}seohkdb`òys eh slb kybkq o` sbkg~oyj$ qbypeab oyehhopkseoh( So ib aloqbh kq k ~ehhby o` k]UYKGEC K~kyc$ k hogehkseoh lkc so ibsyrdu orsqskhcehn( Slb ~ehhbyq ~bybqbdbasbc iu kh ehcb}bhcbhs fryu aog}oqbco` ehcrqsyu b|}bysq eh Ksdkhsk$ Nboynek(Slb ~ehhbyq o` slb 9==> ]UYKGECK~kycq kyb }yopecbc ibdo~(

IBQS ]YOFBAS SBKG K KYCQ

So ib qbdbasbc kq k ~ehhby òy k Ibqs]yofbas Sbkg K~kyc$ slb }yofbas lkc soehpodpb kh b|sybgbdu lenl dbpbd o` aoo}by'kseoh ibs~bbh slb o~hby$ kyalesbas khcaohsykasoy$ ybqrdsehn eh syrb quhbyneqg ibs~bbh slbqb slybb bhsesebq( Sleq aoo}by'kseoh khc quhbyneqg grqs lkpb ybqrdsbc ehkh eg}yopbgbhs eh qogb ayeseakd kq}bas o`slb aohqsyraseoh }yofbas ,b(n( {rkdesu$ ircn'bs$ aog}dbseoh segb$ qk`bsu ybaoyc bsa(%(

IBQS ]YOFBAS SBKG ' ]YOFBASQ EH

^KQLSBHK AORHSU RHCBY #1

GEDDEOH

IRYQDBU LKDD IDRB K]]DB AK@,Khh Kyioy%O~hby6 Rhepbyqesu o` Gealenkh ,Khh

Kyioy%Kyalesbas6 Rhepbyqesu o` Gealenkh ,Khh

Kyioy%Aohsykasoyq6 Q}bhab Iyoslbyq ,Qknehk~:

Khh Kyioy O`èab%

IBQS ]YOFBAS SBKG ' ]YOFBASQ EH

^KQLSBHK AORHSU IBS ^BBH #1

GEDDEOH & #92 GEDDEOH

KDIEOH AODDBNB QAEBHAB AOG'

]DB\ ,Kdieoh%O~hby6 Kdieoh Aoddbnb ,Kdieoh%Kyalesbas6 GkaDkaldkh$ Aoyhbderq &

@edohe Kyalesbasq ,]essqirynl$ ]K%Aohsykasoy6 Slb Alyeqsgkh Aog}khu

,Dkhqehn: Khh Kyioy O`èab%

IBQS ]YOFBAS SBKG ' ]YOFBASQ OPBY

#92 GEDDEOH

U]QEDKHSE ^KQSB^KSBYSYBKSGBHS ]DKHS B\]KHQEOH,U}qedkhse$ GE%O~hby6 U}qedkhse Aoggrhesu Rsedesebq

Krsloyesu

Bhnehbby6 Sbsyk SbalAohsykasoy6 Slb Alyeqsgkh Aog}khu

,Dkhqehn: Khh Kyioy O`èab%

IBQS QRIAOHSYKASOY K^KYCQ

So ib qbdbasbc kq k ~ehhby òy k IbQriaohsykasoy K~kyc$ slb qriaohsykasogrqs lkpb }yopecbc kh b|ab}seohkd dbpo` qbypeab slks ybqrdsbc eh k qenheèakheg}yopbgbhs eh qogb ayeseakd kq}bas o` slaohqsyraseoh }yofbas ,b(n( }yofbas {rkdes

cbqenh$ ircnbs$ aog}dbseoh segb$ qk`bsybaoyc bsa(%( Slb eg}yopbgbhs grqs lkp ibbh coargbhsbc$ khc slb b|ab}seoh

Lo~ Akh ^b Lbd} Uor Iredc Uory ]yofbas?

@kygehnsoh Leddq

93


12/72;9 A K G G K NK V EH B F RH B 9 == > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

dbpbd o` qbypeab qr}}oysbc eh ~yesehn iu slb}yofbas o~hby$ kyalesbas$ nbhbykd aohsykasoyoy aohqsyraseoh gkhknby(

IBQS QRIAOHSYKASOY K KYC '

AOHSYKASQ RHCBY #2==$===

ALKYDBPOE\ ]RIDEA DEIYKYU

,Alkydbpoe|%Rhesbc Gedd & Akiehbs ,êddeq%

IBQS QRIAOHSYKASOY K^KYC '

AOHSYKASQ OPBY #2==$===

CBSYOES AOGGRHESU LENLQALOOD ,Cbsyoes%Lryoh Pkddbu Bdbasyea ,Khh Kyioy%

IBQS EHHOPKSEOH K^KYC

So ib qbdbasbc kq k ~ehhby o` slb IbqsEhhopkseoh K~kyc$ slb hogehkseoh grqslkpb yb}ybqbhsbc k hb~ khc rhe{rb aohsye'

irseoh so slb aohqsyraseoh ehcrqsyu( Slbehhopkseoh aordc lkpb ibbh k qenheèakhseg}yopbgbhs so khu kq}bas o` slb aoh'


Q}baekdevehn eh

B(E(@(Q(

Aoggbyaekd B|sbyeoykhc Ehsbyeoy

]dkqsbyehn

9;>2= Qalgbgkh

^kyybh$ Gealenkh 3>;>

Gkqohyu Khaloyq@orhckseoh IodsqQsyrasrykd Iodsq

Kdd Iykhcq$Kdd Su}bq$Kdd Gksbyekd$

CBSYOESQDKYNBQS QSOAJ

Q}baekdq so uoryQ}baeèakseohq

EQO 5==9 Abyseèbc[Q'5=== Abyseèbc

,; DEPBYHOEQ KPB( CBSYOES$ GE 39';;3; oy ks òynrbMakg'ohdehb(aog(

Foqb}l G( @oynrbGkhknby o` Bcrakseoh

& Qk`bsu Qbypeabq

QK@BSU SOOD JES

qsyraseoh }yoabqq ,b(n( kcgeheqsykseohcbqenh$ ayk`sqgkhqle}$ b{re}gbhs$ dkioybdkseohq$ gksbyekdq$ sykehehn bsa(%(

IBQS EHHOPKSEOH

]OY 2== ALBGEQSYU SRHHBD KHCALKGIBY YB]DKABGBHS ,Khh

Kyioy%K( V( Qlgehk$ Eha( ,Iyenlsoh%

Slb ]UYKGEC K~kycq eq k lkddgkybpbhehn$ ibakrqb es eq slb ohdu bpbhs ò~leal peysrkddu kdd qbasoyq o` slb aohqsyrseoh ehcrqsyu eh ^kqlsbhk~ Aorhsu nkslbsonbslby so abdbiyksb slb nybks kalebpgbhsq o` slb }kqs ubky( Gkfoy q}ohqoyq osleq ubkyq bpbhs ~byb EIB^/HBAK 92,Rheoh Aohsykasoyq khc BdbasyeaekhKddekhab%$ ^kqlsbhk~ Aorhsu Dkioybyq Bg}doubyq Aoo}bykseoh khc Bcrakseo

Syrqs @rhc$ Gealenkh Ybneohkd Aorhaed oAky}bhsbyq$ khc slb ^kqlsbhk~ AorhsEhcrqsyu Kcpkhabgbhs ]yonykg(


13/72

EHQRYKHAB

& IOHCEHNNbhbykd Ehqrykhab Qrybsu Iohcq

;;>2 ^bqs Dohn Dkjb Yc( Qresb 9== Syou$ GE 3

@k| 93



êsleh slb aoqs'aohqaeorq$ iec'

qsybqqbc aohqsyraseoh gkyjbs'}dkab$ slbyb qbbgq so ibybhb~bc òarq oh {rkdeèakseohq khc}ybqbhskseohq( Ohb oiqbypby o` slks

sybhc eq Ckyybh Gryyku$ehcrqsyekd/aoggbyaekdpeab }ybqecbhs òyCbGkyek Iredcehn Ao($Eha($ Cbsyoes(

^byb qbbehn k ienalkhnb eh lo~ }yofbasqkyb k~kycbc$ lb qkec(

Esq hos frqs ~lbyb kh o~hby nbsq k ieckhc cobq k foi khugoyb( Esq sryhbcgoyb so k {rkdeèakseoh'ikqbc dbssehn o`k dos o` slb }yofbasq slks ~byb coehnho~( Qo ~byb }rssehn sonbslby {rkdeè'akseoh }yo}oqkdq( Kdqo$ goyb khc goybo~hbyq kyb yb{reyehn }ybqbhskseohq khcrqehn uory }ybqbhskseohq$ khc uor iecso }rs sonbslby goyb o` k {rkdeèbc iec(Qo }ybqbhskseohq lkpb ibbh qogbslehn~bpb ybkddu ibbh òarqehn oh$ khc bcr'aksehn ory }bo}db oh }ybqbhskseohqjeddq(

Gryyku qbbq sleq ybhb~kd o` }byqohkdaohskas eh slb ieccehn }yoabqq kq k ibh'

bès so iosl slb aohsykasoy khc slbo~hby( Slb o~hby ~khsq so qbb slb}bo}db slbuyb ~oyjehn ~esl$ lb qkec(Esq hos frqs ikqbc oh do~ iec khugoyb(Slbuyb doojehn òy goyb o` k sbkg ès$khc slyornl slbqb }ybqbhskseohq slbo~hbyq nbs k ibssby `bbd òy hos ohduuory aog}khu$ irs slb ehcepecrkdq slkskyb noehn so ib }byòygehn oh slbey}yofbasq(

Kdohn ~esl slb yb'bg}lkqeq oh }yb'qbhskseohq$ Gryyku `bbdq o}segeqseakiors slb orsdooj òy slb ybgkehcby o`

sleq ubky$ ikqbc oh skynbsehn k iyok

ykhnb o` gkyjbsq( êsl slb co~hsryeh slb krsogosepb qbasoy$ lb qkec~bpb lkc so dooj knkeh ks gkyjb~lbyb ~b akh ibqs rqb ory qjeddq khybqoryabq( Ohb o` slb oipeorq gkyjbeq kdsbyhksepb bhbynu( ]dkhsq ~lbyb slbkyb }yocraehn ieo'`rbd$ òy b|kg}db$ eqqegedky su}b o` aohqsyraseoh so ~lkuorc qbb eh krsogosepb( @oy ory aoggbyaekd nyor}$ ~byb ehso eh`ykqsyrasryeg}yopbgbhsq eh slb ~ksby khc ~kqsb~ksby gkyjbs( Esq ybkddu ohb o` slgkyjbsq yenls ho~ slks eq qlo~ehnyo~sl( Slbybq `rhcehn slksq eh }dka^bpb cbèhesbdu qbbh kh r}'seaj eh slY@]q khc slb iecq$ frqs òy slb èy{rkysby o` sleq ubky( Qo ~byb khseae}kehn slks so ib k qsyohn gkyjbs( Slbykyb k dos o` bhpeyohgbhskd eqqrbq slby~lbh uory quqsbgq kyb hos r} so cksSlbyb kyb qogb gkhcksbq so nbs sloqquqsbgq r} so nopbyhgbhs qskhckycq(

Eh khoslby kybk o` ehsbybqs$ Gryykhosbc CbGkyekq ybabhs k~kyc o` sl92$==='q{rkyb'òos Yoqk ]kyjq SykhqAbhsby }yofbas eh co~hso~h CbsyoeKq k sykhq}oyskseoh lri aogiehb

~esl ybsked$ lb qkec$ sleq }yofbas ybkddu noehn so ib k qlo~}ebab òy slCbsyoes Cb}kysgbhs o` Sykhq}oyskseokhc slb Aesu o` Cbsyoes( Esq k pbyu ehsbbqsehn }yofbas$ cbkdehn ~esl Yoqk ]kyjkhc slb eg}kas qlb lkc oh }ridea sykh}oyskseoh(

DOAKD/SYKPBD GE\

Khoslby òygrdk òy jbb}ehn k qsbkc`do~ o` }yofbasq ehpodpbq qbbjehn adebh~lo lkpb aohqsyraseoh hbbcq$ iosl lbykhc bdqb~lbyb( Slksq slb k}}yoka

A O H Q S Y R A S E O H [ R O S B ] K C

Aohqsyraseoh[rosb]kc

Aohqsyraseoh[rosb]kc

iu B( Cb~bu Dessdb

]esal Ybpepkd

Gryyku


15/72


skjbh iu Gkyj Sogkqej$qbheoy ybneohkd peab }ybq'ecbhs òy AdkuaoAohqsyraseoh Ao($ ks slbèygq Depohek o`èab(^byb qsyepehn so skjbadebhsq ~lo kyb ikqbc eh

Gealenkh$ ~lo lkpbo}bykseohq eh oslby qsksbq$ khc ib slbey

iredcby$ lb qkec( Slks cobqhs gbkh~b cohs dooj so~kyc slb doakd baoho'gu: ~b kd~kuq co( ^b qsyepb òy kiors2= }byabhs o` ory ~oyj so ib doakd( Dkqsubky$ ~b akgb pbyu adoqb so ory nokd(^b cec k }yofbas òy slb Neyd Qaorsq slks~byb èheqlehn r} yenls ho~: ~b cec k

ien @bcB| foi: ~b cec k foi òy Ayo~h:khc èheqlbc k foi òy @eyqs Ehcrqsyekd(Qo ~byb pbyu kasepb eh slb doakd gkyjbs(^b kyb òarqbc oh òry irqehbqq rhesq6

lenl'yeqb ybqecbhsekd: aoy}oyksb o`èab:ehcrqsyekd ceqsyeirseoh: khc }yepksbehqsesrseohkd ~oyj( Ory podrgb eq }ybs'su ~bdd qsknnbybc ibs~bbh sloqb qba'soyq( Ory nokd eq so o` by `rdd sryhjbuqodrseohq$ iosl hkseohkddu khc doakddu(

So kaaog}deql sleq$ Sogkqej qkec$^b o`sbh ~oyj ~esl }kyshbyq(Qogbsegbq ~b rqb eh'lorqb kyalesbasq$qogbsegb ors'o`'lorqb kyalesbasq(Qogbsegbq ~b }kyshby ~esl cbpbdo}byq(Esq slb rhcbyqskhcehn o` slb bhseyb}yoabqq$ goyb slkh khuslehn( Esq slbrhcbyqskhcehn o` lo~ k ien }yofbas

nobq sonbslby khc slb eg}oyskhab o` kddslb }kyshbyq oy }oqeseohq slks hbbc so ib}dkubc(

Doojehn ks doakd o}}oysrhesebq$Sogkqej qkec$ Lo}b`rddu$ slbyb kybnoehn so ib qogb bgbynehn hb~ qbasoyq:gkuib gbceakd o`èabq$ lenl'sbal gbc'eakd aog}ohbhsq$ oy qogb ieo'gbceakdqbasoyq kyorhc Khh Kyioy( K dos oàog}khebq slks kyb ybkddu nooc qr}}de'byq ~edd }yoikidu ibaogb goyb cepbyqb(Gealenkhcbyq$ eh nbhbykd$ kyb qkppu

irqehbqq }bo}db( byb hos slb ohdu

ohbq ~lo lkpb nohb slyornl k sykhqe'seoh: gkhu qsksbq lkpb lkc so yb'slehjlo~ slbu kyb noehn so co irqehbqq( Irs~b lkpb so gkjb es k `yebhcdu bhpeyoh'gbhs òy hb~ irqehbqq so aogb lbyb$

ibakrqb oslby qsksbq kyb coehn slks( Uorlkpb so lkpb k irqehbqq bhpeyohgbhsslksq `yebhcdu so~kyc qgkddby$ qskysr}$ehariksoy irqehbqqbq(

GE\BC'RQB NYO^SL

Lo}b`rd poeabq akh ib lbkyc yeqehn ehslb gbsyo Cbsyoes kybk oh slb aohqsyra'

seoh `yohs( ^ledb qogbnbs khsqu kiors slb baoh'ogu$ Cbsyoes'ikqbckyalesbas/ryikh }dkhhbyQsbpbh @drg qbbq aohseh'rehn o}}oysrhesebq ehCbsyoesq `rsryb( @drg

qkec$ Ge|bc'rqb cbpbd'o}gbhsq kyb noehn so ib slb jbu so slbybpeskdevkseoh o` co~hso~h(((skjehn

odcby iredcehnq khc hos sbkyehn slbgco~h$ irs gkjehn eg}yopbgbhsq khybrqehn slbg(

Ohb qral }yofbas$ slb



skhs so slb ybpeskdevkseoh }yoabqq( bpbcohb qbpbykd }yofbasq rqehn slb sk|aybces so nybks qraabqq khc k dos o` slbgkyb co~hso~h( So nbs uory iredcehncbqenhksbc òy leqsoyea sk| aybcesq$ es lkqso ib kyalesbasrykddu oy leqsoyeakddu qen'heèakhs(

Kgohn leq qbypeabq$ @drg cobq iredc'ehn bpkdrkseohq khc k}}deakseohq òy slb

leqsoyea sk| aybcesq$ kq ~bdd kq slbcbqenh( Doojehn klbkc$ lb qkec$ Slbybkyb k hrgiby o` iredcehnq qalbcrdbc so

ib ybhopksbc ehso do`sq( byb qseddkssykasehn slb uorhn }bo}db so aogbco~hso~h khc slksq }ybssu b|aesehn(Slksq noehn so iyehn slb ybieysl o`

co~hso~h(]kyseae}ksehn eh slks ybfrpbhkseoh

}yoabqq$ lb qkec$ ^bpb ibbh coehn dessdb goyb ybsked( Kq }kys o` k hbenliolooc ybpeskdevkseoh nyor}$ ~bpb cohqbpbykd }yofbasq ~esl o~hbyq seg}yopb slbey `kakcb( Sleq `kakcyblki }yonykg eq nybks ibakrqb esq aohskneorq( ^lbh uor qbb ohb iredceh

gkjehn eg}yopbgbhsq$ uor qbb oslb}bo}db oh slb qsybbs$ ~lbslby slbu nehso slb }yonykg oy hos$ ks dbkqs adbkslbey }dkab r}( byb ybcbèhehn orryikh `kiyea khc doojehn ks ory hbenl

ioyloocq(((ybkalehn ors khc iyehneslb co~hso~h so oslby kybkq$ bq}baekdd~esl slb Yepby ^kdj oh slb BkYepby`yohs( Slksq noehn so ib k nybkkybk$ hos ohdu òy kyalesbasq$ irs ò

iredcbyq$ soo( K dos o` ~oyj ~edd noehn oh slbyb so ybaybksb k hb~ hbenl

ioylooc(

CBPBDO]GBHS QLE@S

@oddo~ehn ehcrqsyu kasepesu sybhcSkdoh Cbpbdo}gbhs Nyor} èhcq hb~dbgbynehn o}}oysrhesebq eh lbkdsl kh

q}baekdsu ybsked qbasoyYenls ho~ ~byb }ryqrehn gbceakd o`èabq$ qkeGealkbd ]oqehbdde$ }ybqcbhs khc ABO o` slIdoogèbdc Leddq'ikqbèyg( b èhc slb }yo}bysu$ aybksb slb pkdrb

kccbc aohceseoh$ khc slbh doaksb sl

}luqeaekhq ~lo ~khs so o~h khc o}bksb es(

Kq k qgkdd cbpbdo}by$ lb ibdebpbq slkesq bq}baekddu eg}oyskhs so qbbj q}baeksu cbpbdo}gbhs o}}oysrhesebq rhsed slbaohogu ybaopbyq( ^bpb kasrkdd}eajbc r} qogb qehndb'sbhkhs irqhbqq$ ]oqehbdde qkec( byb coehn alkeh o` aledcakyb abhsbyq akddbc SlDbkyhehn B|}byebhab( Slbu kyb ibehcbpbdo}bc$ o~hbc$ khc dbkqbc iu rq k`ykhaleqbq(

Eh qbbjehn q}baekdsu cbpbdo}gbh

o}}oysrhesebq$ ]oqehbdde lkq ceqaopbybnyo~sl }osbhsekd eh qbpbykd qgkddbaoggrhesebq khc so~hqle} kybk^byb òarqehn k `key kgorhs o` orsegb khc b`òys oh slb orsby aoggrhsebq khc aorhsebq$ lb qkec( Ibuohc slsye'aorhsu kybk(((nyo~sl kybkq slks lkpqbbh k ien q}rys eh slb dkqs `b~ ubkyq( Ksloqb kybkq aohsehrb so nyo~$ ~byb syuehn so }oqeseoh oryqbdpbq so ib slbykhc qr}}du goqs o` slb ybsked hbbcq esloqb kybkq(

A O H Q S Y R A S E O H [ R O S B ] K C

]oqehbdde


17/72

rhedoaj(aog/akg

;'


18/72;< A K G G K NK V EH B F RH B 9 == > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

Alryalbq `yb{rbhsdu nyo~ ~esslbey aohnybnkseohq$ irs slbgrqs èyqs èhc aohsykasoyq ~lkyb kidb so gbbs slb rhe{r

cbgkhcq kqqoaeksbc ~esl sleq su}b o~oyj( ]yofbasq kyb rqrkddu aog}dbsbc okaabdbyksbc qalbcrdbq ibakrqb `rhcykeehn }ybabcbq hb~ `kaedesebq( Iu slb segaohqsyraseoh qskysq$ slb hbbc òy k hb~iredcehn gku ib ayeseakd( Qkehsq Auyed khGbslocerq Alryal$ ks slb aoyhby o` Yukkhc ;< Gedb Yokc eh Qsbydehn Lbenls

}yopecbq kh b|abddbhs b|kg}db( Eh oycbso aog}dbsb slb 91$==='q{rkyb'òos qoaelkdd kcceseoh khc 9=$==='q{rkyb'òos qkhsrkyu ybhopkseoh kq {reajdu kq }oqqeidaohqsyraseoh gkhknby @ykhj Yb~odc khQoh$ Eha($ Yoalbqsby$ khc }yofbas kyalesbQsraju * Peskdb Kyalesbasq$ Youkd Okcbpbdo}bc k }yofbas qalbcrdb slks òyab

FoiqesbOh

Slb

]rssehn @kesleh k AohsykasoyIu Ckpec Y( Geddby$ Kqqoaeksb Bcesoy ]losoq aorysbqu o` @ykhj Yb~odc khc Qoh$ Eha

Slb alryal.q nkyknb khc gkehsbhkhab iku eq qbbh rhcby aohqsyraseoheh slb òybnyorhc o` sleq }losonyk}l( Slb lenlby ~kddq o` slb qoaekd

lkdd kyb kdqo peqeidb eh slb ikajnyorhc(

Gkqohq ~oyjehn ks sleq ge|ehn qskseoh òrnls `ybbvehn sbg}byksrybq

kq slbu }dkabc gkqohyu idoaj `yog Oasoiby so Cbabgiby o` 9==0(

Qoedq ~byb lbksbc khc r}sryhbc ~esl k ikajlob so bhqryb aog}dbsb

slk~ehn khc so }yb}kyb slb qesb òy slb aohaybsb ibehn ehqskddbc lbyb


19/72


aohsykasoyq so gkehskeh }yocrasepesu ehdbqq slkh ecbkd ~bkslby aohceseohq(

@oy b|kg}db$ Slb Nedkycohb Ao($ Hope$}orybc 10= ariea ukycq o` aohaybsb òy`dooy qdkiq eh @biyrkyu o` 9==>( So }yb'}kyb slb qesb òy slb aohaybsb$ qoedq hbbcbcso ib lbksbc khc r}sryhbc ~esl k ikaj'

lob so bhqryb aog}dbsb slk~ehn( CrhhGkqohyu$ Eha($ Yoalbqsby Leddq$ kdqo}dkabc gkqohyu idoaj `yog Oasoiby soCbabgiby o` 9==0( Qehab `ybbvehn sbg}by'ksrybq ~ordc ybqrds eh ehqr`èaebhs goyskyqsybhnsl$ slb }yofbas sbkg rsedevbc}oyskidb lbksbyq ~esl Peq{rbbh sbhsq sosyk} slb lbks( Gkqohyu o}bykseohq ~bybqrq}bhcbc oh slb aodcbqs ckuq$ ~lbh slbaoqs o` lbksehn slb sbhsq ~ordc b|abbc slbpkdrb o` slb dkioy }byòygbc(

^b jhb~ ~lbh slb }yofbas ~kq noehnso qskys$ qo ~b lkc kiors kh b|syk ~bbj'khc'k'lkd` ireds ehso slb qalbcrdb$ qkec

Yealkyc Qalbaj$ }yofbas gkhknby òy@ykhj Yb~odc( b cechs ybkddu jho~lo~ slb ~bkslby genls k``bas slb segb'dehb(

Cbq}esb slb kiiybpeksbc qalbcrdb$ slbaog}dbsbc }yofbas ~edd qskhc ors kq k ceq'

sehasepb kybk dkhcgkyj ehqsbkc o` k aooj'eb'arssby }yocraseoh( Kssykasepb gkqohyukhc qo`èsq `bksryehn crykidb }lbhodeaybqeh'iohcbc ~ooc }khbd }yocrasq ~edd}yopecb kh kssykaepb b|}byeoy$ ~ledb slbqkhasrkyu ~edd ehadrcb kssykasepb albyyu'~ooc abedehn }khbdq khc kcceseohkd }lb'hodea ~ooc }khbdq( ]kehsbc AGR khcqbkdbc aohaybsb `dooyq eh slb qoaekd lkdd kybgoyb ikqea eh hksryb$ irs slbu akh ibr}nykcbc bkqedu eh slb `rsryb(

Ks }ybqq segb$ Qkehsq Auyed khcGbslocerq ~kq qdksbc òy aog}dbseoh ehCbabgiby 9==>(

So}6 Slb Nedkycohb Ao( }orybc 10= arieaukycq o` aohaybsb òy `dooy qdkiq eh

@biyrkyu 9==>( Slb qdki eh slb nkyknb khc

gkehsbhkhab iku eq ibehn èheqlbc lbyb(

Geccdb6 Sleq kybk ~edd bpbhsrkddu ib gkcbehso k nkddbyu q}kab slks ~edd seb slb qoaekd

lkdd so slb gkeh alryal iredcehn(

Iossog6 Slb {rkdesu o` ~oyjgkhqle} eh

sleq hb~du èheqlbc aohaybsb eq bkqu so qbb(Ehsbyeoy ~kddq ~edd ib }dkabc kdohn slb idrb

dehbq oh slb `dooy(


20/729= A K G G K NK V EH B F RH B 9 == > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

lbd}bc so cbpory slb nehnbyiybkc ir``bs ks Qrhyeqb o` Idoogèbdehadrcbc nbhbykd aohsykasoy @ykhj Yb~odc khc Qoh$ EhaYoalbqsby$ khc kyalesbas Ibbyu/Yeo Kqqoaeksbq$ Q}yehnèbdc$ PK(

EH SLB CBSKEDQ

Kq slb odc qkuehn nobq$ ohb hbpby nbsq k qbaohc alkhab sgkjb k èyqs eg}ybqqeoh( Ho qbaohc alkhab eq hbbcbc ks Qrhyeo` Idoogèbdc( Bdkioyksb kyalesbasrykd cbskedq kyb bpecbhs `yo

slb qsybbs$ irs peqesoyq grqs qsb} ehqecb so `rddu k}}ybaeksb slalkyg o` slb iredcehn( K ybab}seoheqs nybbsq nrbqsq kq slbu bhsslb s~o'qsoyu nykhc òuby( Bksbyebq$ ehadrcehn s~o òygkd cehehyoogq$ k dbqq òygkd ieqsyo khc k }yepksb cehehn yoog kyb o`` sslb db`s$ ~ledb k ndkhab so slb yenls o``byq k peb~ o` k qevbkidb$ ubaovu$ depehn yoog aog}dbsb ~esl k èyb}dkab( Kdd o` slbqb q}kabkyb cbajbc ors ~esl oyhkgbhskd ~ooc~oyj ehadrcehn bdkioykgodcehnq$ ao``bybc abedehnq khc ibbù alkey ykedq( Abcky AybbAky}bhsyu ~kq skqjbc ~esl gkjehn qryb slks slb guyekc }ebabès sonbslby }yo}bydu(

Cbdepbyehn slb ès khc èheql slks slb o~hby ~kq doojehn ò~kq slb iennbqs alkddbhnb$ qkec Qskh Fbqeoho~qje$ nbhbykd òybgkh òy Abcky Aybbj Aky}bhsyu( K dos o` ~oyj nobq eh ibleh

Bpbyuohb dejbq k }ebab o` nehnbyiybkc ho~ khc slbh$~lbslby slb sbyg eq rqbc so cbqayeib k cbqqbys o}seoh oyslb oyhkgbhskd syeg òrhc oh lenl'bhc logbq(Kqqeqsbc depehn `kaedesebq rqrkddu qsyepb òy k logb'dejb`bbd$ qo nehnbyiybkc oyhkgbhskseoh eq k aoggoh `bk'

sryb( ^lks qbsq slbqb `kaedesebq k}kys `yog ybqecbhsekd k}}deak'seohq eq slb qlbby qao}b o` slb ~oyj( Qrhyeqb o` Idoogèbdc ehIdoogèbdc So~hqle}$ k `kaedesu o}byksbc iu Qrhyeqb Qbheoy

Depehn$ }yopecbq kh b|abddbhs b|kg}db( Slb qevb o` slb iredcehn$~esl ohdu slybb `dooyq khc 2


21/72A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= = > 9Peqes rq ks ~~~(akg'ohdehb(aog

slb èheql$ irs slb èheql }oyseoh eq ~lksbpbyuohb qbbq eh slb bhc$ qo ~b ybkddu syuso eg}ybqq o~hbyq khc nbhbykd aohsykasoyq~esl slb ès khc èheql(

Slbyb ~byb hrgbyorq oiqskadbq so ibopbyaogb ibòyb slb {rkdesu o` slb èheql~oyj aordc gkjb kh eg}ybqqeoh( Slbaodc'òygbc gbskd `ykgehn oh slb b|sbyeoy~kddq$ òy b|kg}db$ eq ohdu kiors >';=skdd$ ~leal aybksbc k poec ibs~bbh slb`ykgehn o` slb sleyc `dooy khc slb ~oocyoo` syrqqbq( Khu geqkdenhgbhs o` slb iredcehn gksbyekdq slks èddbc sleq poec~ordc ib peqeidb oh slb opbylkhnq( Nepbhslb hrgiby o` ehcepecrkd syeg }ebabq$ es~ordc kdqo ib pbyu bkqu òy k ~oyjby soehqskdd slbg eh ehaoyybas doakseohq ~eslorsakyb`rd qayrsehu o` slb }dkhq( @oysrhksbdu$Abcky Aybbj Aky}bhsyu lkq nkehbc pkdr'

kidb b|}byebhab `yog coehn ~oyj ks òryqb}kyksb Qrhyeqb `kaedesebq eh Nyoqqb]oehsb$ Nyoqqb ]oehsb ôocq$ Yoalbqsbykhc Idoogèbdc So~hqle}(

Slb cbskedq eh bkal iredcehn kyb }ybssuqegedky$ qkec Fbqeoho~qje( K`sby uor coohb$ uor jho~ k dos o` slb cbskedq o` slb

Abcky Aybbj Aky}bhsyu$ Eha(2;21> Ehcrqsyekd Cy($ Hb~ Ikdsegoyb$ GE 3

Qr}}duehn Gksbyekd khc Dkioy òy k aog}dbsbaky}bhsyu }kajknb6

Aodc'@oygbc Gbskd & Denls'Nknb Gbskd QsrcqYornl Aky}bhsyu & @eheql Aky}bhsyu

Cyu~kddKaorqseakd Abedehnq

Aoggbyaekd Aky}bhsyu Aohsykasoy

qehab ;5>>

}lohb6 ,2;0'=91= `k|6 ,2;0'=910^ ^ ^ ( A B C K Y A Y B B J A K Y ] B H S Y U ( A O G

AAAAAA

Kqj @oy

Iedd Gkyseh oy

Iybhs Ioaj+

Abcky Aybbj Aky}bhsyu ayk`sbc slb kssykasepb gkhsdb òy slb èyb}dkab qbbh lbyb eh Qrhyeqb o`

Idoogèbdc.q aovu depehn yoog(


22/7299 A K G G K NK V EH B F RH B 9 == > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

qbaohc ohb( Slb `kakcbq kyb ce``bybhs$ irs slb yoogq khc sldkuorsq kyb }ybssu gral slb qkgb( Slb ohdu ybkd ce``bybhabaogb `yog slb qlk}b o` slb iredcehn khc ~lks eq cohb so ès eohso slb qesb(

Eh kcceseoh so cbdepbyehn kh kssykasepb èheqlbc }yocras$ AbckAybbj Aky}bhsyu kdqo sooj qsb}q so }ybqbypb slb ibkrsu o` slbe~oyj( Alkey ykedq ~byb `kqleohbc ors o` s~o qriqskhsekd ~oo}ebabq$ slbybiu }yopecehn kg}db }yosbaseoh `yog ~lbbdalkeyq~kdjbyq khc oslby esbgq oy slb cyu~kdd rhcbyhbksl( Alkey ykedeh qogb aoyyecoyq kdqo `bksryb k qgkdd qlbd` slks ehsyrcbq `kyslbk~ku `yog slb ~kdd òy kcceseohkd }yosbaseoh( ]kehsbc }o}dk~kq qbdbasbc òy kdd o` slbqb }ebabq ibakrqb es eq gral goycrykidb slkh }ehb$ irs qsedd ehb|}bhqepb bhornl slks es akhyb}dkabc ~eslors rhcrb èhkhaekd lkycqle}( Abcky AybbAky}bhsyu aoo}byksbc ~esl bpbyuohb oh slb qesb so gkjb slb ehesekd ehqskddkseoh kq }kehdbqq kq slb ehbpeskidb yb}key ~oyj slks ~eib hbbcbc opby slb de`b o` slb `kaedesu(

A K Y ] B H S Y U

Bdkioyksb aky}bhsyu cbskedq nbs bkqeby ~esl bkal k}}deakseoh( Abc

Aybbj Aky}bhsyu lkq nkehbc pkdrkidb b|}byebhab ks òry qegedky Qrhyeq`kaedesebq(



SBKGÔYJ

Aooycehkseoh ibs~bbh sykcbq ~kq ayese'akd ks Qrhyeqb o` Idoogèbdc( Qehabgbalkheakd qbypeab ~kq hbbcbc oy bkal o`slb >0 qresbq ks slb kaedesu$ gbalkheakd quq'sbgq ksb k~ku ks gral o` slb ehsbyqsesekdq}kab ~esleh slb qsyrasryb( Slbqb qresbqkyb qskajbc so `kaedesksb bkqu kaabqq ibs~bbh `dooyq$ irs kdd quqsbgq ~bybehqskddbc ibdo~ slb qsbbd }kh cbaj slksqb}kyksbc slb sleyc `dooy `yog slb ksseaq}kab khc ~ooc yoo` syrqqbq(

Bpbyuohb hbbcbc so aogb eh ibdo~ slbqsbbd$ qkec Fbqeoho~qje( Slbyb ~byb k doso` LPKA crasq$ }drgiehn }e}bq khcq}yehjdby }e}bq$ khc slbu kdd hbbcbc soadbky bkal oslby oy ib ~oyjbc eh ibs~bbhbkal oslby( Ohab kdd o` slks ~kq eh }dkab$~b hbbcbc so ehqskdd ory qsr`` ks slb }yo}'

by lbenlsq(Aohsykasoyq hbbcbc so ~oyj sonbslby sojbb} `yog bhayokalehn oh slb q}kab oòslbyq(

Goqs o` slb aooycehkseoh ~oyj ~kqcohb eh slb èbdc ibs~bbh slb òybgbh o`kdd slb ehcepecrkd aog}khebq$ qkecFbqeoho~qje( b lkc gbbsehnq ~lbyb ~b~bhs opby qalbcrdbq$ khc aooycehkseoh~kq soralbc oh ks sloqb gbbsehnq$ irs slbòybgbh qsedd hbbcbc so ~oyj sonbslby ehslb èbdc( ^lbh slb oybgbh ~oyj sonbsl'by$ slb foi nobq gral bkqeby(

Fb`` Nkhsv

Yk}dl Yb|yoks

dkgehksb/}oqs òygehn

~ooc cooyq & `ykgbq

arqsog pbhbby ~oyj

Kq k `rdd qbypeab Aky}bhsyu &Kyalesbasrykd gedd~oyj aog}khu ~b

rsedevb ehsbnyksbc sbalhodonu so cbdepbylenlby pkdrb so ory adebhsq( Bqsegksehn$Qlo} Cyk~ehnq khc Ybkd Segb Qalbcrdehn

kyb dehjbc so qsksb'o`'slb'kys ~ooc~oyjehngkalehbyu( Ory sbalhodonu ehpbqsgbhsyb`dbasq ory aoggesgbhs so adebhsq:{rkdesu khc pkdrb uor akh cb}bhc oh(

Iyrhs Kqqoaeksbq$ Eha(3



Fbqeoho~qje( Uor akhs qskys ~oyje~esl cyu~kdd rhsed uor akh lodc k cbabhsbg}byksryb ehqecb slb iredcehn(

Oslby sykcbq kdqo cb}bhc oh kbhadoqbc iredcehn eh ~leal so }byòygslbey ~oyj$ qo slbu sooj k jbbh ehsbybqs eAbcky Aybbj Aky}bhsyuq }yonybqq(

Kq qooh kq ~b les slb qesb$ ~b qskysblbkyehn$ Uoryb hos cohb ubs? ^b kd~kusyu so gbbs oy b|abbc slb qalbcrdb$ irbq}baekddu ~lbh ~b qskys eh slb ~ehsbsegb$ qkec Fbqeoho~qje( Slb `kqsby ~akh nbs slb iredcehn bhadoqbc$ slb `kqsbbpbyuohb akh qskys ~oyjehn ehqecb( b neh$ nbs es cohb$ khc gopb oh(

K hrgiby o` doneqseakd `kasoyq aog}daksbc b`òysq so qsku oh qalbcrdb( Slb aohqsyraseoh qesb ~kq `keydu dkynb$ irs aryi

hbbcbc so ib aog}dbsbc kq qooh kq sl`kaedesu ~kq aog}dbsb$ qo aryi aohqsyrseoh ksb ehso k qenheèakhs }oyseoh o` slrqbkidb q}kab( Slb hoysl qecb o` slb qeo``bybc qogb q}kab òy qsoaj}edehn gksbykdq$ irs slb dkynb òos}yehs o` slb iredcehgkcb es ce`èards so cbdepby slbqb esbgopby so slb o}}oqesb qecb( Gbalkheakd aohsykasoyq su}eakddu iyehn slb goqs gksbyekso khu qesb$ irs sleq b``bas eq grdse}debc okhu su}b o` `kaedesu$ qral kq losbdq okqqeqsbc depehn `kaedesebq$ ~lbyb ehcepecryoogq lkpb qb}kyksb gbalkheakd loojr}q(

Kdslornl ehcepecrkd òybgbh ~byb kheg}oyskhs bdbgbhs eh slb qraabqq o` slb}yofbas$ dbkcbyqle} `yog slb nbhbykd aoh'sykasoy ~kq kdqo k jbu `kasoy( @oysrhksbdu$@ykhj Yb~odc khc Qoh$ Eha( lkq k ~bdd'bkyhbc yb}rskseoh òy b|abddbhab eh sleqybnkyc(

Yb~odc eq k nooc nbhbykd aohsykasoy so~oyj ~esl$ qkec Fbqeoho~qje( E` uorlkpb {rbqseohq$ khc uor co oh kdgoqs khufoi$ slbu nbs khq~byq òy uor kq {reajdu kqslbu akh( ^lbh uor akhs nbs khq~byq$slks ybkddu qdo~q r} slb ~lodb }yoabqq$slbh uor qskys doqehn ckuq(

Doqehn ckuq$ oy bpbh loryq$ ~kq hos kho}seoh oh sleq }ybaeqbdu qalbcrdbc }yofbas(Bpbyu gehrsb o` slb cku khc bpbyu ehal o`q}kab oh slb qesb ~byb kaaorhsbc òy(

DONEQSEAQ

Qrhyeqb o` Idoogèbdc ~kq k qe|'gohsl}yofbas òy Abcky Aybbj Aky}bhsyu$ ~eslslbey }oyseoh o` ~oyj ibnehhehn ehHopbgiby 9==2 khc ~yk}}ehn r} eh K}yed9==0( Slb ~ehsby qskys aybksbc k dos o`}ybqqryb so nbs slb iredcehn bhadoqbc kq{reajdu kq }oqqeidb(

Slb jbu so nbssehn slb iredcehn cohboh segb eq so nbs slb iredcehn bhadoqbc khcnbs kdd slb ~ehco~q eh qo ~b akh }rs ehqogb sbg}oykyu lbks khc qskys ~oyjehn~esl gbskd qsrcq khc cyu~kdd$ qkec

A K Y ] B H S Y U

]lohb6 2



Gbalkheakd aohsykasoyq bks r} k dos o`q}kab ibakrqb slbey gksbyekdq kyb qoirdju$ qkec Fbqeoho~qje( Ohab slbu qskys iyehnehn eh cras~oyj$ esq rhibdebpkidblo~ gral q}kab slbu akh skjb r}(

Eh kcceseoh so gbalkheakd b{re}gbhs$slb hbbc so qlo~ slb iredcehn so }osbhsekdnrbqsq `ryslby aog}deaksbc gopbgbhskyorhc slb qesb( K soskd o` qe| rhesq ~bybèheqlbc bkydu eh slb }yofbas so ib rqbc kqgocbdq( K sbg}oykyu ~kdd qb}kyksbc slbqbrhesq yog slb ybqs o` slb kaedesu khc k sbg'}oykyu cooy kaedesksbc kaabqq yog slb ors'qecb( Ohab aohsykasoyq lkc sleq }kys o` slbiredcehn irssohbc'r}$ slb bhseyb kybk ~kqbqqbhsekddu qbkdbc o`` so slbg(

^b lkc so qsku k~ku `yog slks }kys o`slb qesb$ qkec Fbqeoho~qje( Ohab ~b~byb cohb opby slbyb$ slbu Zslb o~hbyW

cechs ~khs rq khu~lbyb hbkyiu(Cbq}esb slb ce`èardsebq$ slb bhc ybqrds eqk ibkrse`rd `kaedesu slks eq ~bdd qresbc òyesq ehsbhcbc }ry}oqb( Ho gkssby lo~gral nehnbyiybkc k }yofbas bhskedq$ AbckyAybbj Aky}bhsyu akh kd~kuq ib aorhsbcoh so adbkh o`` slb }dksb(

Eh kcceseoh so slb ieqsyo$slb `kaedesu ehadrcbq s~o òygkd cehehn yoogq dejb slb ohb qbbh lbyb$ khc k

}yepksb cehehn yoog( Kdd bksbyebq kccbc so slb aog}db|esu o` slb aky}bhsyu(



Slb aoyhby o` Qsksb khc Ledd Qsybbsq$ k gkfoy bhsyu }oehs òy slb Rhepbyqesu oGealenkhq }easrybq{rb nyorhcq$ ~kq ybabhsdu sykhqòygbc iu slb kcceseoh oFokh khc Qkhòyc bedd Lkdd( Slb qsksbdu iredcehn$ ~leal lorqbq slb Nbykdc @oyc Qalood o` ]ridea ]odeau$ ~edd rhcorisbcdu gkjb kh eg}ybqqeoh oh èyqs seg

peqesoyq so slb akg}rq ~esl esq cbaoyksepb ybc iyeaj~oyj khc iyenls qsohb( bedd Lkdd k qlo~akqb o` b|abddbhab ~lbyb slb ayk`sqgkhqle} o` kh bkydeby byk eh gkhu sykcbq }yorcdu ceq}dkubc( Aky}bhsyu$ }byòygbc iu ^kddu Joqoyqje khc Ao($ Eha($ AdehsoSo~hqle}$ }dkubc k peskd yodb eh aybksehn slb cenheèbc `bbd slks }bygbksbq slb `kaedesuNbhbykd aohsykasoy Adkyj Aohqsyraseoh Ao($ Dkhqehn$ }yehae}kd khc cbqenh kyalesbaYoibys K(G( Qsbyh Kyalesbasq$ Hb~ Uoyj$ khc kyalesbas o` ybaoyc Kdibys Jklh KqqoaeksbEha($ Cbsyoes$ ~byb kdqo jbu gbgibyq o` slb }yofbas sbkg(

A K Y ] B H S Y U

B{re}}bc so lkhcdbdkynb kybkq

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ODC @KQLEOHBC AYK@SQGKHQLE]

Slb skdbhsq o` gkhu sykcbq ~byb rqbcso bdbpksb ^bedd Lkdd kiopb b|}baskseohqòy k gocbyh `kaede su( ôoc rqbcslyornlors slb iredcehn lkyjbhq ikaj sokh bkydeby segb(

Es ybgehcq gb o` slb odc$ epu'dbknrb

aoddbnbq ibakrqb o` kdd o` slb qsedb khc yked}khbdehn$ syeg$ dkynb ikqb khc ayo~hgodcehnq$ akqehnq khc 9';/3 cooyq$qkec Ckpec Bqalhby$ }ybqecbhs o` ^kdduJoqoyqje khc Ao( Uor cohs qbb sleqsu}b o` qsudb khc yked cbqenh khu goybibakrqb esq dkioy ehsbhqepb( Goqs }bo}dbkdqo cohs iru 9';/3 cooyq òy k foi khugoyb beslby( Qogbsegbq uor ~edd qbbslbg kq bhsykhab cooyq òy k alryal$ irsslbu ~ohs ib rqbc òy slb ehsbyeoy o` kiredcehn(

Slb bhc ybqrds o` kdd slb }kehqskjehn

Gedd~oyj & Aky}bhsyu

Q}baekdeqsq

112== Jbddu Yokc

Adehsoh S~}($ GE 39


28/729< A K G G K NK V EH B F RH B 9 == > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

~oyj eq iybkslskjehn( kehqaos }khbdehb|sbhcq r} òry `denlsq o` qskeyq ks ^beLkdd$ ~esl oyhksb ~ooc ykedehn oh iosqecbq( ]khbdehn oh slb nyorhc `dooy ~kcbqenhbc ~esl k ykcerq }kssbyh slks aog

}deaksbc `kiyeakseoh khc ehqskddkseoqogb~lks$ irs slb èhkd }yocras aohpbuk `bbdehn o` qeg}db bdbnkhab( Dkynayo~h godcehnq eh slb Nybks Lkdd cyk~slb bub r}~kyc$ òyaehn peqesoyq so k}}yaeksb slb o}bh `bbd o` slb q}kab kq slbb|}byebhab slb ibkrsu o` slb alkhcbdebykiopb( ^lesb okj ~kq rqbc òy kdd o` slèheql ~oyj(

Uor cohs qbb ~lesb okj pbyu o`sbhqkec Bqalhby( Uordd qbb k dos goygk}db$ albyyu khc ybc okj$ ibakrqb slbkyb kdd goyb kpkedkidb slkh ~lesb okj(

Kdslornl slb ~oyjgkhqle} o` ^beLkdd genls ybgehc peqesoyq o` kh bkydebbyk$ èhcehn k qr}}deby ~lo aordc }yopeccbskedbc ~lesb okj gedd~oyj eh k segbd`kqleoh ~kq ohb o` slb gkhu gocby}yoidbgq so ib opbyaogb cryehn aohqsyraseoh(

GOCBYH ]YOIDBGQ

Qr}}duehn arqsog gedd~oyj kq hbbcb~kq ayraekd oh slb ^bedd Lkdd }yofbas$ q^kddu Joqoyqje khc Ao( sryhbc sEkhhrvve Gedd~oyj$ Eha($ @ykqby$ k qr}}deboh gkhu }ybpeorq lenl'bhc }yofbasq$ òlbd}( Slb qr}}deby q yb}rskseoh òy {rkdsu$ ~leal ~kq kdybkcu b|bg}dkyu$ ~kq `rslby bhlkhabc iu slb qraabqq`rd aog}dbseoh o` slb foi(

Uor aordchs no co~h so slb aoyhblkyc~kyb qsoyb khc iru slb su}b o` syegslks ~kq rqbc eh sleq iredcehn$ b|}dkehbBqalhby( Slbyb kyb k pkyebsu o` akqehnkhc ayo~h godcehnq slks kyb kdd qskhckyc irs sleq ~kq kdd arqsog( E` ~b akgb r;== `bbs qloys$ slbu ZEkhhrvve Gedd~oyjhbbcbc so qbs slb gkalehb r} knkeh(

Slb ~ooc syeg ~kq qo rhrqrkd slk

bpbh slb jhepbq gkcb so ars slb }kssbyehso slb ~ooc ~byb arqsog `kiyeaksbcSlb jhepbq aordc ib rqbc knkeh$ e` khoslby }yofbas akddbc òy ecbhseakd ~ooc }ebab irs slbu ~edd dejbdu hbpby knkeh qbb sldenls o` cku nepbh slb ykyesu o` sleq su}b o~oyj( Cbq}esb slb dbpbd o` kyseqsea cbskbpbyuohb ehpodpbc ~esl slb }yofbas ~krhcby aohqskhs cbkcdehb }ybqqryb(

Ohab ~b qskysbc slb syeg }yoabqq$ ~kq opbysegb qbpbh ckuq k ~bbj `yogslbh oh$ qkec Bqalhby( b ykh s~


29/72

K Nybks Yb}rskseohQ}bkjq @oy Esqbd`

K Nybks Yb}rskseohQ}bkjq @oy Esqbd`

Qehab ;2

^'1 Aohqsyraseoh Ao(Cbsyoes,1;1% 2'


30/721= A K G G K NK V EH B F RH B 9 == > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

qle`sq òy k ~ledb( b lkc }bo}db qskys ks kiors 06== k(g( kh~oyj rhsed 961= oy 16== }(g( Slb qbaohc ayb~ akgb eh ks 16== kh~oyjbc rhsed gechenls oy ;6== k(g(

Slb iredcehn ~kq nykhsbc k abyseèaksb o` oaar}khau cryehsleq }yoabqq$ ~leal `ryslby aog}deaksbc b`òysq kq slb o`èab qsk

ibnkh ~oyjehn oh slb sleyc$ òrysl khc è`sl `dooyq o` slb iredcehn(

^b ~byb qsraj eh ohb q}os rhsed ~b nos es cohb$ qkeBqalhby( b lkc so ~oyj kyorhc slb Rhepbyqesuq qalbcrdirs ~b cechs lkpb khuohb eh ory ~ku ks henls(

K`sby gkhu dohn ckuq khc qdbb}dbqq henlsq$ aky}bhsbyq khoslby qjeddbc kyseqkhq ayk`sbc k gkfbqsea iredcehn ~esl knbdbqk}}bkd( Kdslornl slb ~oyj eq ybgeheqabhs o` k iunohb byk$ slibkrsu o` slb èhkd }yocras eq segbdbqq(

@oy k aog}dbsb opbypeb~ o` sleq rhe{rb }yofbas$ }dbkqb qbb sl

Aohqsyraseoh Lenldenls oh }knb 31;31;; ^( ^KYYBH KPB( CBKYIOYH$ GE 3


31/72


32/7219 A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= = > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

N D K Q Q / N D K V E H N

K Denls'skqsea Iredcehn eh

slb Lbkys o` Cbsyoes

Iu Gkyu B( Jybg}oqjuKqqoaeksb Bcesoy

Akqq Sbal6

]khoykgea peb~q o` Cbsyoes }ory ehso slb ehsbyeoyslyornl slb Gbcek Abhsbyq ndkqq ~kddq(

eh ;5=> slks ohab qsooc oh sleq pbyu qbaseoo` E'>2( Slb èyqs }lkqb o` Akqq SbalheaLenl Qalood so~bybc opby slb qesb o` slodc qalood iu ;5;>( Slb bgbynehn krehcrqsyuq hbbc òy k sbalheakddu }yoèaebh~oyjòyab cyopb slb qaloodq aohqsyraseo

ôydc ^ky E cbdkubc esq aog}dbseoh rh;599( Slb iyeaj bceèab ~kq slbh sldkynbqs lenl qalood eh slb Rhesbc Qsksbkhc socku ybgkehq Cbsyoesq }ybgeby bcrakseohkd ehqsesrseoh(

Slb Akqq Sbal `kaedesu o` slb 9;qs abhsry~bdaogbq k hb~ byk ehso slb qaloodq denl~kqlbc ehsbyeoy( Akqq Sbal ]yehae}Dbhoyk Kqlòyc$ ~lo cbqayeibq lbyqbd` kqdenls'qbhqesepb }byqoh$ akddq slb iredcehnoynborq khc eq }dbkqbc so ~oyj eh

iredcehn slks ikheqlbq slb ~ehsby ccyrgq( Slb ikdg o` hksrykd denls khc sl

êsl slb sleyc iredcehn eh esq dohn leqsoyu$Akqq Sbal lkq qlbc esq lbkpu qjeh o` iyeajkhc bgbynbc ~esl slb denlsbqs o` qlbddq6 khb|sbyeoy `kkcb ~esl b|sbhqepb b|}khqbq o`sehsbc ndkqq( Rhepbyqkd Ndkqq & Gbskdq$Eha($ k Cbsyoes'ikqbc GIB ndkqq khc ndkv'

ehn aohsykasoy khc k gbgiby o` slbIyehjby Nyor} ybq}ohqeidb òy @oyc @ebdc$Aogbyeak ]kyj khc oslby qenhksryb iredc'ehnq eh Cbsyoes$ ehqskddbc sleq ~ohcby`rdakyk}kab o` ndkqq$ `kiyeaksehn slb `ykgehnquqsbgq eh esq o~h qlo}(

K SKDB O@ SLYBB IREDCEHNQ

E` k akgbyk ~kq }byalbc hbky NykhcYepby khc E'>2$ segb'dk}qb }losonyk}lu o`slb dkqs ;== ubkyq ~ordc sbdd slb skdb o`slybb qalood iredcehnq$ ibnehhehn ~eslAkqq Rheoh$ k iyeaj iredcehn aohqsyrasbc

Slb hb~ Akqq Sbalheakd Lenl Qaloodeq k denls'èddbc kbyeb yeqehn > qsoyebqehso slb Cbsyoes qjudehb( Cbqenhbc

iu SG]/SUFS$ k foehs pbhsryb o` SG]Kqqoaeksbq$ Eha($ Idoogèbdc Leddq$ khc

Cbsyoes'ikqbc Srajby$ Uorhn$ Fkajqoh$ Srdd$Eha($ sleq peqeohkyu iredcehn o` ndkqq eq`doocbc ~esl hksrykd denls khc èddbc ~eslqsrhhehn }khoykgkq o` slb aesu qsybsalehnso slb loyevoh( Slbqb depehn }oqsakycq o`slb aesu eh`rqb slb iredcehn ~esl kh ehcbde'

idb qbhqb o` }dkab khc abdbiyksb slbqaloodq ryikh doakseoh frqs hoysl~bqs o`co~hso~h Cbsyoes(

Ireds iu Fbhjehq Aohqsyraseoh$ Eha($Cbsyoes$ sleq fb~bd o` k iredcehn eq khoslbygedbqsohb òy Cbsyoesq `dknqle} qaloodgkyjehn esq abhsbhhekd eh Krnrqs 9==>(

K Denls'skqsea Iredcehn eh

slb Lbkys o` Cbsyoes



iredcehnq {rkdesu q}kabq qbbg so lkpbqlk}bc qsrcbhs iblkpeoy( Aog}kyehn es soslb odc Akqq Sbal$ Kql`oyc qkuq$ Slbyb eqk akdgby `bbdehn so slb iredcehn$ khc slbaledcybh iblkpb ce``bybhsdu kq qlo~h iuslbey opbykdd key khc kssesrcb(

Ibuohc esq ndkqq qlbdd$ slb iredcehnqqbhqb o` denlshbqq eq k }yocras o` esq gkqq'ehn khc esq sleh qsyrasrykd gbgibyq( @oyesq qevb$ slb iredcehn lkq k qgkdd 3== | 3=='`bbs `oos}yehs$ yeqehn pbyseakddu khc aoh'qrgehn peysrkddu slb bhseyb ==AOHHBDDU AYKHB

YBHSKD AOY](

Ohb O` Gealenkhq DkynbqsKdqo Qbypehn slb Dkhqehn Kybk

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slb qalood6 slb de`b o` slb aesu }oryq ehslb iredcehn ehsbyeoy$ khc slb bhbynu o` slqsrcbhs }o}rdkseoh$ ~kdjehn slb >'qsoyqskey so~byq khc fonnehn oh slb yrhhehsykaj$ eq peqeidb so slb qryyorhcehn qsybbsKs henls$ slb iredcehn ndo~q khc kccpeskdesu so slb hbenlioylooc(

Opby ;2 ce``bybhs su}bq o` ndkqq gkjsleq iredcehn }oqqeidb$ ehadrcehn sykhq}kbhs$ dkgehksbc ndkqq ehqskddbc oh slb do~dbpbdq òy qbaryesu$ khc ndkqq ~esl slybb ce`bybhs abykgea `yes }kssbyhq ehqskddbc sybcrab lbks nkeh$ qo`sbh ndkyb$ khc dbhc sl

iredcehn esq henls ndo~( Slb sehsbc ndk idkhjbsehn gral o` slb iredcehn ybcralbks nkeh irs gkehskehq peqeiedesu ehso khors o` k iredcehn ybqbgidehn ohb$ pkqs ~ehco~ oh slb ~oydc(

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Bc~kycq Ndkqq sooj k qkg}db }khb `yogslb cogb$ khc ~esl slb lbd} o` k aog}rs'by'kecbc cbqenh }yonykg$ ceqaopbybc slb}khb lkc k coridb k|eq oy s~o ceybaseohqo` arypksryb( Sleq ykeqbc k gkfoy eqqrb$

ibakrqb arssehn slb ndkqq oh k coridb k|eq~ordc lkpb }yoikidu sye}dbc slb aoqs$qkec êhebgjo(

ôyjehn ~esl esq pbhcoy$ ]ybaeqeohNdkqq Ibhcehn o` Nybbh~ooc$ Kyjkhqkq$Bc~kycq Ndkqq ybqbkyalbc khc ybqodpbcsleq cedbggk( Slb coridb k|eq ~kq slb}yocras o` slb eg}by`bas qkhc akqsehnsbalhodonu o` slb ;5==q( Slbu ~ordc

lbks slb qkhc$ dku slb ndkqq oh so}$ khc es~ordc kasrkddu arypb so slks qkhc$b|}dkehbc ehebgjo( Slb èyqs }ebab akqs~edd ib }by`bas$ irs slb qkhc ~edd ibaogbcb}dbsbc khc cbòygbc opby slb aoryqb oàkqsehn 9$9== }khbq o` ndkqq( Slb cb}db'seoh o` slb qkhc slbh }yocrabq s~o ce``by'bhs ceybaseohq o` arypksryb oy k coridbk|eq(

Aohpbyqbdu$ gocbyh akqsehn gbslocqrqb k yoddbc gbskd òyg so }yocrab k rhe'òyg khc aohqeqsbhs arypksryb oy k|eq ohbkal khc bpbyu }khb o` ibhs ndkqq(Aohècbhs slks slb coridb k|eq ceqaopbybceh slb qkg}db }khb ~kq kh rhehsbhcbcpkyekseoh khc hos slb su}b o` ndkqq hbbcbcòy slb foi$ Bc~kycq Ndkqq }yoabbcbc sooycby 0== }ebabq o` yb}dkabgbhs ndkqq ibhsoh k qehndb k|eq(

Slb qbaohc ayraekd cbaeqeoh ~kq slbqbdbaseoh o` khhbkdbc ykslby slkh sbg'}bybc ndkqq so kpoec qalbcrdehn cbdkuq(Khhbkdbc ndkqq akh ib ars eh slb èbdc oyqlo}$ gbkhehn Bc~kycq Ndkqq aordcq~e`sdu }yocrab khu kcceseohkd }khbqhbbcbc cryehn slb aoryqb o` slb foi ehohdu 93 loryq( Kcceseohkd }khbq o` sbg'

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>13'399'>23= @k|6 >13'399'=



êsl degesbc kaabqq$ k senlsdu aooycehkbc }yofbas ~kq bqqbhsekd( Ikqeakddu$ slcbgodeseoh ayb~ ybgopbc slb ndkqq eh slbpbhehn khc Bc~kycq Ndkqq yb}dkabc slndkqq eh slb goyhehn( b ~ordc ~oy`yog > kg so 1 }g khc slb cbgodeseoayb~ ~ordc aogb eh ceybasdu k`sby kh~oyj sed henls$ qkec êhebgjo(

Ikqeakddu$ kdd skqjq òy slb ndkqq yb}dkab'gbhs aohpbynbc ks slb iossog yrhn o`sleq dkccby slb qehndb kaabqq }oehs so slbcogb( Cbgodeseoh o` slb ndkqq$ kiksb'gbhs o` b|eqsehn akrdjehn$ khc slbyb}dkabgbhs khc èhkd adbkhehn o` slbndkqq ~byb kdd }byòygbc ~esl slb kec o`sleq qehndb dkccby$ qkec Jkjoavje(

}bybc ndkqq ~ordc lkpb so ib oycbybc`yog slb gkhr`kasryby$ k }yoabqq slksaordc skjb s~o so slybb ~bbjq khc ~ordccbdku slb qalbcrdb(

^b ~byb kidb so gk|egevb ory }yo'crasepesu khc b`èaebhau iu iruehn slb

ibhs khhbkdbc ndkqq eh idoaj qevbq$ qkecêhebgjo( E` ~b lkc k iybkjknb eh qkuqbasoy 2$ yo~ i$ desb 9$ ~b ~ordc gbybduakdd es ehso slb qlo} ~lbyb slbu kdybkculkc slb ndkqq qevb khc frqs lkc so ars es(Rhcby Bc~kycq Ndkqq ceybaseoh$]ybaeqeoh Ndkqq Ibhcehn aybksbc k arqsog

fen so ars slb ibhs ndkqq$ k gral ce``bybhsrhcbyskjehn slkh qeg}du arssehn `dksndkqq( Goqs o` slb ndkqq }khbq kyb 9'`bbs'~ecb | 1'`bbs'skdd( Eyybnrdky syekhnrdky}ebabq kyb adrqsbybc kyorhc slb qsbbd ~bio` slb cogb khc ykhnb eh qevb `yog 3 ehal'

bq co~h so lkd`'kh'ehal$ qkec êhebgjo(Ohab oh slb foiqesb$ Bc~kycq Ndkqqbqskideqlbc k dessdb ndkqq ~oyjqlo} eh k

ikajyoog o` slb aohqbypksoyu ~lbyb slbayb~ lkhc k}}debc s~o ce``bybhs èdgq soslb ndkqq( Slb èyqs èdg eq k qbaryesundkvehn èdg eh akqb slbyb eq k iybkjknb oyk ieyc lesq slb cogb$ qkec êhebgjo(Slb 3'ged'sleaj èdg ~edd kddo~ slb ndkqqso qsku eh }dkab e` slb ndkqq eq ckgknbc(Slb qbaohc èdg aybksbq k sehs(

êhebgjo lkq òhc gbgoyebq o` slbaohqbypksoyu$ lkpehn kssbhcbc kh rhadbq~bccehn ehqecb slb cogb( E slehj slks

~oyjehn oh k iredcehn dejb sleq eq slb ybk'qoh E dejb gu foi eh aohqsyraseoh( E kgnbhrehbdu b|aesbc so lkpb lkc k lkhc ehsleq$ lb qkec(

SENLS SBKGÔYJ

CbGkyek ibnkh slb kasrkd yb}key o` bdb'gbhsq o` slb aohqbypksoyu oh Krn( 5$9==0( Kq nbhbykd aohsykasoy$ CbGkyekaooycehksbc ndkqq yb}dkabgbhs$ yb}key oyyb}dkabgbhs o` slb degbqsohb }khbdqkyorhc slb b|sbyeoy ikqb o` slb cogb$ khcyb}dkabgbhs o` slb los ~ksby lbksehn quq'sbg slyornlors slb aohqbypksoyu$ qkecJkjoavje(

Slb èyqs oycby o` irqehbqq ~kq yb}key'ehn slb qbypeab dkccby khaloybc so slb

ikqb }dksòyg o` slb gkeh cogb( Slb dkc'cby aordc ib peb~bc kq Ibddb Eqdbq rho`è'aekd kgrqbgbhs }kyj yecb( S~o ~oyjbyq ohb ks slb so} khc slb oslby ks slb iossogo` slb dkccby ybdbkqb slb ybc iykjb khc}rdd oh slb grddeohq o` slb ndkqq so }yo}bdslb dkccby kyorhc slb cogb( K sbg}o'ykyu de`s oh qesb loeqsbc slb ckuq qr}}duo` ndkqq so slb }dksòyg khc dkccby ks slb

ikqb o` slb cogb(



gbhsq so }yopecb gk|egrg }yosbaseo`yog slb bdbgbhsq òy slb syo}eakd }dkhsqqkec êhebgjo(

Adbkhehn slb ndkqq ~kq slb dkqs qsb} lbd}ehn so }ybqbypb sleq ykyb qsyrasryb(

ieocbnykckidb adbkhehn qodrseoh ~kq rqbso kpoec lkygehn slb }dkhsq$ qkec FoJbyqkhsu$ CbGkyekq }yofbas qr}byehsbhcbhs( Slb ndkqq ~kq qayriibc oh slb b|syeoy khc ehsbyeoy: b|sbyeoy kaabqq ~kq pslb qbypeab dkccby$ ~ledb k quqsbg o` qk`su iokycq q}khhehn slb qsbbd ibkgq ~krqbc òy ehsbyeoy kaabqq( Ibehn }kys o` sl}yofbas ~kq kh ehcbqayeikidb lohoy ògb$ kq slb aohqbypksoyu khc slb eqdkhesqbd` kyb hoskidb }ebabq o` leqsoyu òy slAesu o` Cbsyoes$ qkec Jbyqkhsu( Es ~kq kkgkvehn b|}byebhab òy rq kdd so lkpb slo}}oysrhesu so ~oyj oh qral k ibkrse`r

qsyrasryb(CbGkyek aog}dbsbc slb }yofbas Hop( 9==0$ lbd}ehn so }ybqbypb sleq ibdbknrbyb

fb~bd ~loqb cbqenh eq }kssbyhbc k`Slogkq Fb``byqohq Gohseabddo( QkpKgbyeakq Sybkqrybq }yopecbc k #10=$==nykhs gksalbc iu slb Aesu o` Cbsyoes òysoskd }yofbas aoqs o` kiors #>9=$==Kh~rhkl bqsegksbq es ~ordc ao

ibs~bbh #2 geddeoh khc #;2 geddeoh codkyq òy k gkfoy yb}key o` slb aohqbypksoyEsq k fb~bd$ qkec Kh~rhkl( E` ~b lkslb ybqoryabq so sryh sleq kyorhc$ ~ordc ib `khskqsea(

Bc~kycq Ndkqq ibnkh ~oyj eh slb cogbqbasoy yb{reyehn slb nybksbqs hrgiby o`yb}dkabgbhs }khbdq$ hkgbdu slb kybk kyal'ehn kiopb slb bhsyu cooyq so slb ]kdgYoog( Ibakrqb o` slb }oqqeiedesu o` aodc'by ~bkslby$ ~b ibnkh eh slb kybk yb{reyehnslb goqs yb}dkabgbhsq khc slbh ~oyjbcory ~ku kyorhc slb cogb so slb kybkqyb{reyehn slb dbkqs kgorhs o` yb}dkab'

Slb }yofbas sbkg ybgopbc ohdu k qgkddqbaseoh o` ndkqq ks khu nepbh segb so }yo'sbas slb qsyrasryb khc slb }dkhsq( Slb

ikdgu ~bkslby o` bkydu krsrgh kdqokecbc slb b`òys( b ibnkh eh Krnrqskhc ~b èheqlbc yb}dkaehn slb ndkqq ks slbbhc o` Qb}sbgiby ibòyb slb ~bkslbysryhbc$ qkec êhebgjo(

Syuehn so ibks slb aogehn aodc$


CbGkyek yb}keybc slb qbypeab dkccby rqbc kaabqq slb bhseyb cogb( Ybdbkqehn k iykjb kh

}rddehn oh slb grddeohq }yo}bddbc slb dkcc

kyorhc slb cogb(


47/72


48/723< A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= = > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

Adkyj Aohqsyraseoh Ao( o` Dkhqehn

foehq slb ykhjq o` ohb o` slb `b~nbhbykd aohsykasoyq eh Kgbyeak ~lo

lkpb dkioybc rhcby slb ~ksal`rd bub o` k`oygby R(Q( }ybqecbhs( Slb dksb ]ybqecbhsNbykdc Y( @oyc sooj k jbbh ehsbybqs eh slbcbpbdo}gbhs o` Slb Rhepbyqesu o`Gealenkhq Fokh khc Qkh`oyc ^bedd Lkdd$ k

qsksbdu iredcehn cyk}bc eh pkyebnksbc iyeajkhc akqs qsohb slks ho~ lorqbq leq hkgb'qkjb qalood6 slb Nbykdc Y( @oyc Qalood o`]ridea ]odeau( Opby slb aoryqb o` s~oubkyq$ k qesb akgbyk ibkgbc k aohsehrkdqsybkg o` aohqsyraseoh }losoq ceybasdu soGealenkhq hksepb qoh$ ~lo lbd}bc lbkd khkseohq ~orhcq eh slb }oqs'^ksbynksb byk

kq slb 1


49/72

~kq cbposbc so }ridea qbypeab(Slb @oyc Qalood khc slb dksb }ybqecbhs qlkyb khoslby aoggo

esu6 lrgidb yoosq( Kaaoycehn so k R'G oiesrkyu$ @oyc kyyepbslb Rhepbyqesu o` Gealenkh akg}rq eh ;51; ~esl #9== coddkyq e}oajbs ' #;== òy sreseoh khc slb ybqs òy depehn b|}bhqbq( Eh Slb Rhepbyqesu o` Gealenkh ibakgb ohb o` slb èyqs qsksb rhepsebq so o``by k }ridea kcgeheqsykseoh }yonykg( Slbh akddbc

Ehqsesrsb o` ]ridea Kcgeheqsykseoh$ slb qgkdd ehsbyceqae}dehkyunykg cec hos lkpb esq o~h q}kab khc es cec hos ibaogb k qarhsed slb gec ;55=q$ qkec Ybibaak Idkhj$ slb Fokh khc Qkhòyc ^Cbkh o` slb Nbykdc Y( @oyc Qalood o` ]ridea ]odeau( Cbkh Idkhjlby }ybcbabqqoyq lkpb qlb}lbycbc sleq `dbcnehn qalood ehgksryb ehqsesrseoh iu leyehn `kardsu$ ibnehhehn hb~ ybqbkyal sbyq$ khc b|}khcehn bcrakseohkd }yonykgq(

]luqeakddu$ sleq nyo~ehn khc peiykhs qalood ~kq aohèhbc qgkdd aoyhby o` Doyal Lkdd khc s~o oslby doakseohq qakssbybc k

akg}rq( ^b frqs ~bybhs peks kdd oh akg}rq$ qkec CIdkhj( ^b lkc ho kaabqadkqqyoogq$ ~b lkc ho }rq}kab$ khc ory qsrcbhs dor

aohqeqsbc o` s~o aoralbq kbhc o` k lkdd~ku( Ory òaog}rsby q}kab ~kq bqqbhsek`b~ aog}rsbyq eh k qgkdd yoo

Slb Qaloodq alkhnb eh òyibnkh ~esl k }eposkd }lohbeh 9==;( Slbh'R'G ]ybqecbhIodehnby akddbc Cbkh Idkhj$qkec$ Uor hbbc k iredcehn(

K qalood cbb}du bhnknbybqbkyal$ bcrakseoh khc orsyehso slb kybhk o` }ridea }khc }ridea k``keyq hbbcq so ibeidb khc kaabqqeidb( Ibakrq@oyc Qalood loqsq qo gkhu }bpbhsq oh akg}rq$ ~b hbbc

iredcehn ~esl bhoygorq peqsu khc kaabqqeiedesu$ qkec I^b ybnrdkydu lkpb gkfoy q}byq `yog kdd kyorhc slb ~~lo kyb eh dbkcbyqle} }oqeoy eh bdbasbc }odeseakd }oqesSlbqb bpbhsq kyb o}bh so~lodb akg}rq khc o`sbh sobhseyb aoggrhesu(

Slb Rhepbyqesu nykhsbcQalood k qesb òy esq èyqs o`

logb ks slb aoyhby o` QsksbLedd( E ~kq nepbh sleq qesbnepbh slb alkddbhnb o` ykeqehngohbu eh }kys$ qkec Idkhjslb iredcehnq dkynbqs cohoy$ khc Qkhòyc ^bedd ,slb b|'alkAesenyor}$ Eha(% kyb adoqb `yeo` Ibssu khc slb dksb Nbykdc @Slb kqsrsb }yofbas sbkg iaohpbysehn slbqb `rhcykeqehndkyq ehso k ceqsehasepb qsyraslks ho~ lorqbq ohb o`hkseohq so}'ykhjbc gkq}yonykgq eh }ridea }odeau(

A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= = > 3Peqes rq ks ~~~(akg'ohdehb(aog

b|eqsehn `kiyea o` slb Abhsykd Akg}rq$ slb kakcbgea lbkys o` SlbRhepbyqesu o` Gealenkh khc slb loqs so qral eaohea akg}rq iredc'ehnq kq slb Gealenkh Rheoh khc slb Gealenkh Dbknrb( bedd Lkddq

iredcehn `kkcbq kyb k ibkrse`rd }yoabqqeoh o` gksbyekdq$ ibnehhehn~esl k `dkgb'èheqlbc nykhesb ~ksby skidb ikqb$ òddo~bc iu iyeaj~esl iyenls akqs qsohb kaabhsq$ khc sbygehksehn eh slb Pbygohs qdksbsedbq o` esq nkidbc yoo`$ qkec Folh Y( Akddkq$ KEK$ }yofbas gkhknby

khc qbheoy kqqoaeksb ks Cbsyoes'ikqbc Kdibys Jklh Kqqoaeksbq$ Eha(,KJK%$ slb kyalesbas o` ybaoyc khc k aohqrdskhs so Hb~ Uoyj'ikqbcYoibys K(G( Qsbyh Kyalesbasq ,YKGQK%$ iosl }yehae}kd khc cbqenhkyalesbas rhcby aohsykas so Slb Rhepbyqesu o` Gealenkh(

YKGQK qbdbasbc k gksbyekd }kdbssb aog}dbgbhsehn slb odcby$ ibdopbc iredcehnq ~esleh sleq leqsoyea }kys o` akg}rq( Q}baekdkssbhseoh so aodoy khc sb|sryb ~kq nepbh so slb qbdbaseoh o` bpbyugksbyekd peqeidb oh sleq }yofbas$ qkec ]ybqsoh F( Nrgibyeal$ KEK$kqqoaeksb }kyshby ks YKGQK( @oy b|kg}db$ ~b qbdbasbc k arqsog

idbhc o` iyeaj slks$ ~ledbgkalehb'gkcb$ qsedd ybskehq k qri'sdb sb|sryb khc ykhnb o` aodoy slkseq eh jbb}ehn ~esl slb iyeaj rqbcoh slb Rheoh$ slb Dbknrb$ Doyal

Lkdd$ kgohn oslby iredcehnq ohakg}rq(

Ukhjbb Ledd Iyeaj Ao( o`Hbiykqjk èybc slbqb ~ohcby`rd'du pkyebnksbc iyeajq iyenlsbhehnslb iredcehn `kakcb( Iosl iyeajkhc qdksb ~byb qayr}rdorqduqbdbasbc( Slb qraabqq`rd ykhnb oàodoy rqbc oh sleq }yofbas ~kq slbceybas ybqrds o` }kehqskjehn syekdkhc byyoy eh slb }yocraseoh khcybpeb~ o` qkg}db }khbdq khcgoaj'r}q aybksbc kdohnqecb slbRheoh khc oh'qesb( Slb doakdqr}}deby$ Iyeaj Sbal$ syrdu ~bhsslb ceqskhab so qkseqù hos ohduory qsyehnbhs cbgkhcq irs sloqbo` slb Rhepbyqesu Kyalesbas$ qkecNrgibyeal( K qegedky }yoabqq~kq rqbc eh slb qbdbaseoh o` slbqdksb yoo` qlehndbq( ]losonyk}lqo` hbenlioyehn qdksb yoo`q ~bybskjbh khc slbh khkduvbc qo slks k}yo}oyseohkd arqsog idbhc o`nyku$ nybbh$ khc }ry}db qdksbqaordc ib aybksbc lbyb so ib ehlkygohu ~esl slb oslby odcby

yoo`q(

LRGIDB YOOSQ

êsl esq nkidbc yoo`dehbq khcesq gkeh so~by baloehn slb so~byo` slb Gealenkh Rheoh ireds eh;5;5$ ^bedd Lkdd skjbq esq }dkabkgohn slb pbhbykidb odc iredc'ehnq o` slb Abhsykd Akg}rq( Sleqhb~ logb o` slb @oyc Qalood eq kèssehn syeirsb so slb dksb]ybqecbhs @oyc$ ~loqb de`b ~kqcbb}du bhs~ehbc ~esl leq gkevbkhc idrb kdgk gksby khc ~lo

K }yoabqqeoh o` kyalbq$ aor}dbc ~esl qdksb khc hks'

rykd sbyyk aossk sedb `dooyehn$ dbhc slb aoyyecoyq o`^bedd Lkdd esq qsksbdu òyg khc gksbyekd ~kygsl(

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50/722= A K G G K NK V EH B F R HB 9= = > Poeab O` Slb Aohqsyraseoh Ehcrqsyu

SLB AOHQSYRASEOH ALYOHEADBQ

êsl slb aybkseoh o` ^bedd Lkdd$ slb aoy'hby o` Qsksb khc Ledd lkq rhcbynohb k qsky'sdehn sykhqòygkseoh$ nepehn slb @oycQalood k }ridea `kab khc slb Rhepbyqesu kqsrhhehn nksb~ku( Sleq ohab hohcbqaye}saoyhby ks slb bhsykhab o` slb abhsykd akg'}rq lorqbc k gocbqs ~lesb$ ~ooc'`ykgbclorqb slb Rhepbyqesu ybhsbc òy o`èabq}kab( Slb Rhepbyqesu cbgodeqlbc slblorqb khc ybyorsbc }o~by dehbq `yog opby'lbkc so rhcbynyorhc so gkjb ~ku òy slbhb~ 2'qsoyu logb o` slb @oyc Qalood( Slb

sykhqòygkseoh `yog gocbqs lorqb so ybnkdlkdd sooj 90=$=== gkh'loryq o` dkioy q}kh'hehn slb aoryqb o` kdgoqs s~o ubkyq(

Adkyj Aohqsyraseoh kyyepbc oh qesb ehHopbgiby 9==3$ adbkyehn slb qesb khcq~bb}ehn k~ku slb dkqs pbqsenb o` eh`yk'qsyrasryb$ hkgbdu k s~o'dbpbd }kyjehn dos~esl esq dbpbdq dehjbc iu k qsbb} ykg}( Slbykg} adbkydu qlo~bc slb qsbb} dku o` slbdkhc khc slb èyqs oycby o` ce`èardsu eh aoh'qsyrasehn sleq cbgkhcehn iredcehn( Kq slbèyqs }lkqb$ kh bdkioyksb bkysl ybsbhseohquqsbg khaloybc slb iredcehn ehso slb

A O H Q S Y R A S E O H L E N L D E N L S

qdo}bc qesb$ aybksehn k iredcehn kq aog}db| ibdo~ nykcb kq es eq ehsyeaksb kiopb( Es~kq {resb kh o}bykseoh so nbs slb }yofbasqskysbc$ qkec Gkyu Jkhb Irsjopeal$ }yof'bas ceybasoy oy Adkyj Aohqsyraseoh(

Sleq o}bykseoh bhskedbc cyeddehn 1==krnbybc akqs'eh'}dkab }edbq so lodc slbbkysl ikaj khc kddo~ b|akpkseoh o` kho}bhehn co~h so slb ikqbgbhs dbpbd$ qkec

Folh Y( CbIykikhcby$ }yofbas gkhknby khcèbdc yb}ybqbhsksepb òy Adkyj( Slb aoh'aybsb'èddbc }edbq oy akeqqohq kyb cyeddbc so kcb}sl o` 9< so 19 `bbs$ khc k qsbbd ibkg eq

bgibccbc eh bpbyu oslby akeqqoh cyeddbc(Ks bhnehbbybc doakseohq$ slb bkysl ybsbh'seoh ~kdd eq sebc ikaj so rhceqsryibc bkysl~esl kh bhnehbbybc sebikaj yoc so slbqbbgibccbc ibkgq$ kccbc Yoibys Go~yu$KJK }yofbas èbdc yb}ybqbhsksepb(

Adkyj dkioybc oh ehqskddkseoh o` slb bkyslybsbhseoh quqsbg `yog Fkhrkyu slyornlGkyal o` 9==2( Iosl eh cbqenh khc aoh'qsyraseoh$ iyehnehn slb iredcehn ors o` slbnyorhc ~kq ho bkqeby slkh khaloyehn es soslb nyorhc( Slb iredcehn ybqsq oh aohaybsbòosehnq khc òrhckseoh ~kddq khc eq qr}'

}oysbc oh k lbkpu qsyrasrykd qsbbd gogbh`ykgb( Ayoqq iykaehn eq su}eakddu rqbc ybqeqs dksbykd ~ehc dokcq$ irs slb qevb khkgorhs o` ^bedd Lkddq ~kdd o}bhehnq khesq opbykdd cbqenh kbqslbsea }ybpbhsbc slrqb o` slbqb dkynb \'qlk}bc ibkgq( Slgogbhs qsbbd `ykgb esqbd` skjbq r} slb doko` slb qsyrasryb$ qkec Akddkq( Slb gogbaohhbaseohq ibs~bbh ibkgq khc aodrghkyb kdd ~bdcbc eh kh bhnehbbybc `kqleoh ybqeqs slb dksbykd ~ehc dokc(

Qsrcbhsq }ohcbyehn }ridea }odeau eh slqalodkydu aohèhbq o` ^bedd Lkdd }yoiki

lkpb ho ecbk o` slb dbpbd o` b`òys khc }y`bqqeohkd b|}byseqb }orybc ehso slb qbbgehndu ikqea skqj o` jbb}ehn qoed khc ~ehc

iku( Qalodkyq kyb }yoikidu kdqo rhk~kyb slb ehsyeaksb qsbbd qsyrasryb nepehn qlk}b slb pkyebc }dkhbq o` sleq ceqsehasepb iredcehn( Slb qsbbd cbskedehn o` slb abhsyso~by ~kq k }kyseardky alkddbhnehn kabs bybasehn slb iredcehnq ehhby qsbbd qsyrsryb( Nkidbc yoo`q ehsbyqbas ~esl slq{rkyb aoyb o` slb so~by eh slb iredcehnr}}by ybkalbq( Slb so~by kdqo sk}byq slb }oehs o` ehsbyqbaseoh ~esl slb nkidb

@kiyea'~yk}}bc èibyndkqq }khbdq qbs eh kh ok

`ykgb~oyj ybcrab slb kgorhs o` kaorqsea yb`dbaseoeh ohb o` ^bedd Lkddq gkeh sbkalehn q}kabq( Sl

qsb}}bc khc ao``bybc abedehnq kyb kh kssykasep

kdsbyhksepb so qskhckyc kaorqsea sed



51/72


yoo` dehb$ qkec Go~yu( ]drq$ slb sk}bybcso~by lkq ibpbdbc aoyhbyq khc khndbq( Ksohb }oehs o` aohhbaseoh$ slb nkidbc yoo`kasrkddu cepbq ceybasdu ehso ohb o` slbqb

ibpbdbc aoyhbyq( Gkjehn slb qsyrasryb~oyj khc iredcehn slb ehhby qsyrasryb o`

slb qsbbd ~kq pbyu alkddbhnehn(Eh sleq }yofbas ~eslors k dbkyhehn arypb$

slb èyqs qsbbd skqj ~kq cbskedehn slb alkd'dbhnehn abhsykd so~by( Slb goqs ce`èards}ebab so cbsked ~kq slb so~by$ khc es ~kqkdqo slb }dkab ~b lkc so qskys slb }yofbas

ibakrqb o` slb nykcb alkhnbq o` slb qesb$qkec Irsjopeal(

Kccehn so slb dbpbd o` ce`èardsu$ aoh'qsyraseoh kaabqq khc cbdepbyebq ~byb ohdukddo~bc oh k qsybbs ceybasdu hoysl o` slbqesb( Kq k gkfoy syraj sloyornl`kyb$ LeddQsybbs oh slb qorslbyh bcnbq o` slb }yofbasaordc hos ib rqbc òy aohqsyraseoh kaabqq(Kq slb }yofbas }yonybqqbc$ degesbc dku'co~h khc qsoyknb kybkq oh sleq senls qesbgkhcksbc frqs'eh'segb cbdepbyu òy gkhugksbyekdq( Ks ohb }oehs$ ~b lkc so ybhsslb qecb~kdj oh Qsksb Qsybbs so qbs r} oryqak`òdcehn$ qkec CbIykikhcby(

K HB^ AKG]RQ NKSB KU

Aybksehn ^bedd Lkdd ~kq k ce`èardsaoryqb o` qsrcu$ irs slb ybqrdsq kyb qsrh'hehn( Slb gkeh so~by yeqbq eh k qsksbdu pby'seakd gkqq$ }ybqecehn opby slb aoyhby o`Ledd khc Qsksb qsybbsq( Slb gkeh qorslbyh

bhsykhab o}bhq ohso k iyokc qsohb }kpbcsbyykab$ ~bdaogehn slb ~oydc so slb `yohscooy o` ^bedd Lkdd(

Slb gkeh so~byq s~o'qsoyu iku ~eh'co~ sryhq slb iredcehn ehso k ~bdaogehn

ibkaoh ks henls khc iybkjq co~h slb

so~byq qakdb( Slb qkgb pkyekseohq kccalkykasby khc cbsked so bpbyu iredcehn bdb'pkseoh o` sleq èhbdu ayk`sbc bceèab(Akyb`rddu }dkabc cbskedq iybkjco~h slbqakdb o` ~lks genls oslby~eqb ib dkynb khcargibyqogb iredcehn `kakcbq$ qkecNrgibyeal( YKGQK ybdbhsdbqqdu qo`sbhbckhu qbhqb o` gohodeslea qkgbhbqq ~esl iku~ehco~q$ qbsikajq khc ehhrgbykidb pky'ebc }dkhbq$ kdd ibkrse`rd so iblodc irs ce`è'ards so iredc(

Sleq aog}db| qsyrasryb cbgkhcbccyk~ehn sonbslby slb b|}byseqb o` slbkyalesbas$ nbhbykd aohsykasoy khc slb qri'aohsykasehn sbkg( Slb iredcehnq lenlduoyhksb khc cbskedbc kyalesbasrykd cbqenhgbkhs slks peysrkddu hos ohb ~kdd$ hos ohbbdbpkseoh$ khc hos ohb ~kdd qbaseoh ~kqcr}deaksbc khu~lbyb bdqb$ qkec Akddkq(Ibakrqb KJK ~kq ybq}ohqeidb òy slbaohqsyraseoh cbskedq$ ~b lkc so gbbssornl$ alkddbhnehn cbgkhcq òy oyhkgbh'skseoh$ khc slb iredcbyq lkc so }rs s~o khcs~o sonbslby so gkjb es kdd ~oyj eh slbèbdc(

Bpbh opbykdd lbenlsq pkyu kgohn slb R'qlk}bc iredcehnq slybb ~ehnq( Slb opby'

Qsksb Iredcehn]yocrasq$ Eha(

^b cbdepby slb

Ibqs [rkdesu

cyu~kdd qsrcq$

sykaj khc qsyrasyrkd

qsbbd qsrcq ~esl

kaabqoyebq òy `ykgehn(

@ryyehn Alkhhbd AYA Khndb Ade}q

Cbdepbyu Kpkedkidb

Aohskas Rq Ks6

,>9'9'2; Qalgbgkh Kpb(

^kyybh$ GE 3



k lkygohu o` ~ooc khc gbskd$ aog}dbsb ~esl okj }khbdehn$ oyhgbhskd qsbbd$ khc k coridb ~ooc yked(

Go~yu$ CbIykikhcby khc slb aky}bhsyu aohsykasoy$ ^kdJoqoyqje khc Ao($ Eha($ ~ordc ib ks slb qskey~bdd desbykddu qjbsalehn cbskedq ors$ qo slks slbu aordc aohsehrb iredcehn slb qskeakqb$ qkec Irsjopeal( Es ~kq pbyu dkioy ehsbhqepb$ irs es eq~oyj o` kys(

Slb qkgb qabhkyeo ~kq yb}bksbc slyornlors slb }yofbas( Gkho` slb rhe{rb cbskedq lkc so ib qjbsalbc khc ybqodpbc eh slb èbdoh k ckedu khc bpbh lorydu ikqeq( Ohb akhs aybksb kdd slb sbaheakd cbskedq oh qral k foi kq sleq$ qkec CbIykikhcby( Slbyb kqo gkhu ehsbykaseohq ibs~bbh ce``bybhs gksbyekdq khc ce``bybh}dkhb alkhnbq$ gkjehn es eg}oqqeidb so kaaorhs òy bpbyu rhe{rqesrkseoh rhsed uor }luqeakddu syu so iredc slbqb eh slb ebdc( Slrhepbyqesu'dbpbd cbqenh khc aohqsyraseoh adkqq ~kq abyskehdu hbkqu K( Slb ohdu bkqu }kys o` slb }yofbas ~kq bksehn drhal{re}}bc Go~yu(

Kq khoslby jbu kqqenhgbhs$ slb }yofbas sbkg lkc so slybkc oyorsb slb iredcehnq eh`ykqsyrasryb slyornl dohn qbaseohq o` slehsbyeoy( Slb }ebabq o` b{re}gbhs kyb eh ~ecbdu qb}kyksb kybkq slb iredcehn$ qkec Go~yu( Slb bgbynbhau nbhbyksoy$ slb è

}rg} yoog$ khc slb lbks b|alkhnbyq kyb eh slb ikqbgbhs$ ~leslb r}}by ybkalbq o` slb abhsykd so~by lorqbq slb aoodehn b{re}gbhs$ aleddby$ key lkhcdehn rhesq$ khc slb b|lkrqs `khq( Kdd slckedu eh`ykqsyrasryb slks gkjbq k iredcehn no }e}ehn$ gbalkhakd cras~oyj$ bdbasyeakd è|srybq$ khc akidb sykuq ' lkc so ib aky`rddu ehsbnyksbc ehso slb qsyrasryb khc ~esl slb èheqlbq so }yqbypb slb iredcehnq k}}bkykhab( oyjehn lkhc'eh'lkhc ~eKJK$ Adkyj ibnkh lodcehn aooycehkseoh gbbsehnq ~esl gbalkheakd$ bdbasyeakd$ khc èyb }yosbaseoh sykcbq slb cku ~b kyyepbc oqesb(

]YBQECBHSEKD ]YBQQRYB

Sleq ehsyeaksb }yofbas aohqrgbc s~o ubkyq o` ehsbhqb b`òyQ}baekd ieyslcku akycq so òygby ]ybqecbhs @oyc alyoheadbc bkaubkyq }yonybqq oh k iredcehn ~loqb ehlkieskhsq akyyu oh leq `keseh }ridea qbypeab( @oy leq 5;qs ieyslcku ~b sooj k }easryb o`~lodb ayo~c o` `kardsu$ qsrcbhsq khc aohqsyraseoh ~oyjbkyorhc k Lk}}u Ieyslcku ikhhby ~esl slb aohqsyraseoh qesb eh sl

ikajnyorhc$ ybakddbc Idkhj( Slb hb|s ubky leq 59hc ieyslck' ~b sooj k }loso ~esl bpbyuohb oh slb qskeyakqb$ ibakrqb iu slb~b ~byb adoqb so oaar}uehn slb iredcehn( Lb ~kq kdqo cbdenlsb~lbh ~b qlo~bc leg }losoq `yog slb è`sl `dooy qskey~ku slkqlo~bc slb qaoybiokyc ks slb òosikdd qskcerg( @oyc }dkubc absby oh slb Gkevb khc Idrbq hkseohkd alkg}eohqle} oosikdd sbkgeh ;519 khc ;511$ khc ~kq posbc slb ôdpbyehbq goqs pkdrki}dkuby eh ;513(

Nbhsdb }yoccehn iu slb òygby }ybqecbhs khc iu Cbkh Idkh

}yoikidu ehq}eybc slb }yofbas sbkg( ]ybqecbhs @oyc ~kq pbehsbybqsbc khc bhnknbc eh slb iredcehn$ qkec Idkhj( Lb akddbgb ybnrdkydu$ khc qogbsegbq qkec$ E kg hos nbssehn khu uorhnbuor jho~(

Slkhjq so k aohabysbc b`òys khc opbysegb$ slb ~bdd'ayk`sb~ooc cooyq o` sleq hb~ ehqsesrseoh o}bhbc oh segb eh Qb}sbgib9==0( ]bo}db ~byb ~oyjehn bpbyu ~bbjbhc `yog slb ibnehheho` Gkyal r} rhsed qriqskhsekd aog}dbseoh oh Qb}sbgiby 2$ 9==0slb èyqs cku o` adkqqbq$ qkec CbIykikhcby( Gkhu sykcbq ~oyjbqbpbh ckuq k ~bbj `yog Gbgoyekd Cku so Dkioy Cku$ ~esl qogsykcbq ~oyjehn coridb qle`sq so~kyc slb bhc( Kcgeheqsykseokhc `kardsu lkc gopbc ehso slb iredcehnq sleyc$ òrysl khc è`s`dooyq eh gec'Krnrqs$ ~ledb slb aohqsyraseoh sbkg èheqlbc slèyqs s~o `dooyq(

^bedd Lkdd eq k ndoyu o` akqs qsohb khc ~ohcby`rddu pkyebnksbc iyeaj(

Ibpbdbc aoyhbyq khc khndbc sebyq o` akqs qsohb akqakcb `yog slb

so~by$ kccehn so slb yealhbqq o` cbsked o` sleqb|{reqesbdu ayk`sbc iredcehn b|sbyeoy(


]LOSONYK]L

M]

BSBYKKYOH/BQSO

kdd gkqqehn ~kq akyb`rddu gocrdksbc ~esl slb skddbqs$ abhsykd ~ehn`yohsehn Qsksb Qsybbs$ ~ledb slb s~o ~ehnq }by}bhceardky so es qsb}co~h k `rdd qsoyu$ qkec Nrgibyeal( Go~yu khc CbIykikhcby~byb oh qesb kq èbdc yb}ybqbhsksepbq oh k `rdd'segb ikqeq gkhknehn

iosl b|sbyeoy khc ehsbyeoy cbskedq(K sk|ehn b|sbyeoy cbsked ~kq slb gkeh so~byq iku ~ehco~

`ykgbc eh akqs qsohb khc akhsedbpbyehn `yog slb iredcehn ~kdd(Sleq lb`su ~ehco~ `ykgb eq òygbc o` gkhu }ebabq o` akqsqsohb$ qogb ~benlehn kq gral kq 2$=== }orhcq( Slb qsyrasrykdbhnehbby$ Dkyyu Alrsb o` Cbqke/Hkqy Aohqrdsehn Bhnehbbyq$ lkcso cbqenh slb qsbbd so qr}}oys sleq lbkpu dokc o` akhsedbpbybcqsohb$ ~leal eq khoslby rhe{rb alkddbhnb hos qbbh oh goqs aoh'sbg}oykyu iredcehnq$ qkec CbIykikhcby(

Slb Nykhc Qskeyakqb eq k }yogehbhs b|kg}db o` k alkddbhnehndbpbd o` ehsbyeoy cbsked( Slb dkhcehnq oh slb qbaohc khc sleyc`dooyq kyb ks ce``bybhs cb}slq$ aybksehn k cykgksea qenls dehb eh slbdoiiu o` qsknnbybc `denlsq o` qskeyq q}eykdehn r}~kyc( Sleq pkye'kiedesu eh dkhcehn cb}sl qdenlsdu kdsbybc slb khndbq khc nbogbsyuo` slb qskeyakqb `yog `dooy so `dooy khc kccbc khoslby dkuby oèhsyeakau so slb }yofbas$ qkec CbIykikhcby( Slb qskeyakqb$ esqbd`$ eq


53/72


LOGB Q^BBS LOGB

Slb Nbykdc Y( @oyc Qalood o` ]ridea]odeau ks dkqs lkq k logb( Esq k qsksbdukhc ibkrse`rd }yo`bqqeohkd iredcehn$ qkecIdkhj( Es nepbq slb qbhqb slks ~b kyb lbybkhc slks slb Qalood lkq aogb ehso esq o~h(

Slb hb~ iredcehn nepbq slb Qalood q}kab

`oy b|}khqeoh o` esq kakcbgea khc ybqbkyal}yonykgq( Slb Qa

cam magazine june 2007

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