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Cambodia

Sar Sophyra Deputy Chief of Watershed Management and Forest Cover Assessment Office

The 7th GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium

26th-28th May 2014, Tokyo , Japan

OUTLINE

REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap

National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+

Status and design implementation MRV system for REDD

Status of the forest monitoring system

Design a National Forest Inventory (NFI) to develop emission and

removal factors for REDD+ related activities

Research and Capacity

Future Supporting Need

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REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap

Component 1: Organize and Consult.

- National Coordination Arrangement

- Consultation and Participation Process

Component 2: Prepare the REDD+ Strategy.

- 2 Mill. Hectares of CFs

- 3 Mill. Hectares of Protection Forest

- 2.6 Mill. Hectares of Production Forest

- Maintaining 3 Mill. Hectares of Protected Areas.

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Component 3: Develop a Reference Level.

- Understanding Cambodia’s national circumstances.

- Development of future trajectories of emission/ removals over difference

time periods.

Component 4: Design a Monitoring System.

- Development of MRV System.

- Development of Monitoring & Reporting System.

Component 5: Schedule and Budget.

≈ 11 Mill. (From 2011-2014 of component 1 to 4).

Component 6: Design a Program Monitoring and Evaluation Framework.

REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap (cont.)

REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap (Cont.)

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National REDD+ Management Arrangements

NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMMITTEE - Main Government Coordination mechanism for climate change

CAMBODIA REDD+ TASKFORCE - Chair: FA - Deputy Chair: GDANCP - Includes FA, GDANCP, MLMUPC, FiA, MEF, MoI, MRD - Decisions made by consensus

REDD+ ADVISORY GROUP

- Key Development Partners & Experts

TASKFORCE SECRETARIAT - Chair: FA - Vice-Chair: GDANCP - National Coordinator - Taskforce Secretary - Other supporting staff

MRV/REL Technical Team

Benefit-sharing Technical Team

Consultation and

Safeguards Technical Team

REDD+ Demonstration Technical Team

REDD+ CONSULTATION GROUP - NGOs and Civil Society - REDD+ Projects/ Private Sector - Academic Institutions (tbc)

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• Cambodia REDD+ Taskforce • Cambodia REDD+ Taskforce Secretariat • Benefit-Sharing Technical Team • Consultation and Safeguards Technical Team • REDD+ Demonstration Technical Team • MRV/REL Technical Team • Consultation Team

National REDD+ Management Arrangements

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Main Strategy: Support for effective management of Cambodia’s forest, in accordance with existing laws and policies :

Innovative Financing models

Improving Forest Law enforcement and governance

Local forest protection contracts

Valuing forest ecosystem services and promoting REDD+ Co-benefit

Adopting the nested approach to REDD+ implementation

Designing and implementing effective strategies to address drivers from outside the forest sector

The driver of deforestation and forest degradation that causes land use change in Cambodia ( migration, Agro-industrial development, land concession, poor ESIA..etc)

Source: National REDD Road Map of Cambodia

National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+

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National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)

Policies related:

Millennium Development Goal:

Maintain forest cover at 60% by 2015

Rectangle Strategy of Royal Government of Cambodia:

ensure environmental sustainability through sustainable management

of natural resources

National Strategic Development Plan (including REDD)

National Forest Policy

Forestry law, law on protected areas and others relevant regulations

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National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)

Government Decision to support REDD (2008)

>50% of net revenue for local community development

Supported Copenhagen Accord, including REDD (2010)

National Forest Program (including REDD 2010-2030)

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REDD responsibility:

Forestry Administration (MAFF) is an responsible authority on

REDD in Cambodia.

Technical Working Group on Forest and Environment

Ministry of Environment (MoE)

Focal point to UNFCCC

Prepare national communication

Funding opportunity:

DANIDA/NZAID/DFID

FCPF and UN-REDD

UNDP, FAO and UNEP

Japan(JICA-CAM REDD, JIC)

National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)

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REDD pilot projects 1. OddarMeanchey (Northwestern Cambodia) 2. Seima (Southeastern Cambodia) 3. Prey Long and Cardamom sites in preparation 4. Community forestry (Siem Reap)

Training and consultation workshops training workshops on REDD

National Provincial FA

national consultation workshop on REDD

National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)

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Status and design implementation MRV system for REDD

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RGC/Council of Ministers - management of all state properties - adopts management plans for state properties - transfers, reclassifies and designates entrusted authorities for state properties

Ministry of Economy and

Finance - maintains inventory of state properties - executive agent of the RGC in managing state properties, including transfer, sale, lease, concessions, etc - management of state revenue - co-chair of state trust funds 2008 Public Financial Management

Law, 2006 Subdecree # 129 , 2000

Subdecree #04

Ministry of Land

Management, Urban

Planning & Construction - manage cadastral administration of state immoveable properties - issue title/ownership certificates to all immovable properties - management of maps of Cambodia 2001 Land Law, 1999 Subdecree #

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Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries - general jurisdiction for forests and forest resources (PA management under MoE) - registration of permanent forest estates

Forestry Administration: - responsibility for the Permanent Forest Estate - developing and implementing national forest programme (including community forestry) - studying and collecting data on all state forests - conducting assessments of national forest carbon stocks - developing forest carbon trades - reforestation

Fisheries Administration: - responsibility for flooded forest and mangrove areas - developing and implementing national fisheries plan (including community fisheries) 2002 Forestry Law, 2008 Subdecree #188, 2006

Fisheries Law

Ministry of Interior (inc. NCDD) - subnational administration (prov/dist/comm) - commune development plans & funds identify functions to be transferred to sub-national councils (NCDD) 2008 Organic

Law

Ministry of Environment - management of Protected Areas - review environmental impact assessments - CDM interim designated national authority

General Department (GDANCP): - developing and implementing National Protected Areas Strategic Management Plan - responsibility for international environmental conventions

Department of Climate Change of

GDANCP: - cooperate with relevant institutions to : develop national climate change strategies, and carbon credit policy, manage climate change trust funds; Secretariat of NCCC - UNFCCC focal point: negotiations, implementing UNFCCC decisions and preparing national GHG inventory reports - coordinating implementation of CDM and carbon credit projects 2008 Protected Areas Law, 1993 Royal

Decree, 2008 Subdecree #37, 2009

Subdecree #175

Ministry of Rural Development

- Recognize indigenous communities for registration with MoI 2001 Subdecree

Institutions involved in MRV

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Initiatives supporting implementation of the Cambodia

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National NFMS (MRV) support:

1. Cambodian UN-REDD Joint Programme (FAO/UNDP/UNEP): FAO responsible for

Outcome 4 - Forest Monitoring and MRV section (Ongoing; 2011 – 2014)

2. CAM-REDD (FA/JICA) : Supporting both MRV and sub/national development

3. Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF): MRV Component (2014 -2016)

4. FAO TCP/CMB/3304 – Designing a multipurpose National Forest Inventory

(finalizing)

Notes:

• UNREDD Programme and CAM-REDD support to establish capacities and systems at

the national scale (NFMS, MRV, etc.).

• FCPF to improve the NFMS (eg. Allometric Equitation development) and test the

developed systems (incl. Manuals, REL accounting system, etc.) on a subnational scale

(subnational – national link)

• FAO TCP and subsequent implementation of the NFI to facilitate the implementation of

the UN-REDD national programme (e.g. by development of more robust emission

factors) 15

UN-REDD and JICA support

Satellite Forest monitoring system

Institutional arrangements

Assessment of the capacities

Assessment of existing satellite imageries

Assessment existing forest monitoring system

Forest definition and stratification

Identification of the parameters to be monitored

Design the FMS

Interpretation

Cap

acity

build

ing,

tra

inin

gs

Etc.

Interim REL/RL(s)?

Identification of reference period

Development of the method

National/subnational definitions, boundaries

and thresholds

Assessment of the drivers

Analysis of the national circumstances

Status of Developing NFMS and NFI

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Proposed Taskforce work plan (outcome 4)

Outcome 4: Design of a Monitoring System and Reference Emissions Level

framework and capacity for implementation

Output 4.1: National MRV/REL (Operation of National MRV/REL Technical

Team and building of appropriate national capacity);

Output 4.2: Develop National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) plan;

Output 4.3: Design the Satellite Land Monitoring System (SLMS) to provide

Activity data for REDD+ related activities;

Output 4.4: Design a National Forest Inventory (NFI) to develop emission and

removal factors for REDD+ related activities;

Output 4.5: Support the development of Cambodia RLs/RELs framework;

Output 4.6: Support development of a REDD+ related GHG Reporting System. 17

National MRV/REL

• Four (4) technical teams will inform and advise the REDD+ taskforce on their

respective areas

• The ToR for the MRV Technical team has been approved in the first

taskforce meeting.

• The first Technical Team meeting have been organized 20 January 2014

• A joint MRV training programme with UN-REDD and JICA has been prepared

which will be reviewed by the technical team;

• Several meetings and workshops have been held including a GHG workshop and

training in respective technical areas (EG. Remote sensing, GIS , use of tools,

allometric equations, and forest inventories

• MRV work plan and time line has been harmonize

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Methodology: Visual analysis digitization on screen using ArcView

software, ArcGIS9.3, ERDAS 9.1. Minimum mapping unit 25ha. Satellite Band 4 3 2.

Forest classification 2002 2005 and 2010 classified in 8 classes: .Evergreen forest .Semi-evergreen forest .Deciduous forest .Others forest .Woodshrub dry .Woodshrub evergreen .Bamboo .Non-forest

Past experiences

(Related to mapping land area and area changes)

ACTIVITY DATA

Status of the forest monitoring system

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Forest Cover Change

Forest cover 1965 : 73.04%

1992/93 : 59.82%

1996/97 : 58.60%

2002 : 61.15%

2005/06 : 59.09%

2010 : 57.07%

Annual deforestation rate: 0.34% (1965-1996/97)

Annual deforestation rate: 0.5% (2002-2006-2010)

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FOREST LANDUSE MAP 2013

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ID Description Source

Software

1 EDARS 2011 JIC

2 eCognition JIC

3 ArcGIS 10.1 JIC

4 ArcInfo JIC

Satellite Image

1 Landsat 1989 ,1998, 2002,2005,2010 FFPRI, JIC,FA, AFPNet

2 Sport 2004, 2005,2008,2009,2010 FFPRI

3 ALOS-AVNIR2 2009,2010,2011 JIC

4 ALOS-PALSAR 2010 JIC

5 ALOS-PRISM 2009,2010,2011 JIC

DIEMOS-1 2013 ITTO

Quick Bird 2013 FFPRI

GIS data

1 Forest cover 2002,2005, 2010 FA

2 Administration data Cooperation agencies

3 Topo map 100.000,50.000 Cooperation agencies

Existing Data and Software

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Develop National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) plan

• A report on the existing national and subnational classification is available.

• A National consultation has been held on Land Cover Classification and forest

monitoring systems. Consultants have been involved to compile existing data

and land cover/use systems for comparison and advice on a harmonized legend.

• A inventory report on existing satellite and aerial imageries has been prepared

• Capacity building: A delegation of Cambodian technical specialist has been to

INPe Brazil; A series of trainings by CAMREDD in Cambodia and in Japan

and by Japanese Research Inst., etc. on forest monitoring system.

• LCCS workshop planned for July2014 (FAO,FA)

• Notional forest Definition, Driver of DD and Forest Classification Legend

• Design work plant for build up Baseline Map (2002, 2005/6,2010 and

2013/14) (UN-REDD, FA,Jica-TA,FFPRI)

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Develop Cambodia Monitoring system plan (NFMS)

Example: consistency and comparability

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Design the Satellite Land Monitoring System (SLMS) to provide Activity

data for REDD+ related activities

• Available Remote sensing and GIS data has been compiled, and a test version of satellite forest monitoring system web platform is under development

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Design a National Forest Inventory (NFI) to develop emission and removal

factors for REDD+ related activities

• Training on Allometric Equation development has been conducted.

• A Report and database existing allometric equations of Cambodia is available.

• Different Allometric Equations can be accessed using

www.globallometree.org

• Already available and accessible forest inventory data have been collected and

stored in the REDD+ secretariat to support analysis and preparation of a NFI

Design for Cambodia

• NFI Design proposal has been 1st presented December 2013 during national

consultation and NFI field manual training (Deciduous, Semi-evergreen,

Inundated forest, Mangrove forest)

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Name of Data Description N.Plot Species/forest types included Year Source

Permanent Sample plot

1st measurement 120 All species 1998

FA 3rd measurement 104 - 2004

4thmeasurement 48 - 2010

Regrowth 3rd measurement 15 - 2010

Strategic forest management plan

15 Forest Concession 2000 Unlogged,Evergreen

2002 FA

1760 Logged, Evergreen

1460 Unlogged Mixed

300 Logged Mixed

1360 Unlogged

60 Logged Deciduous

Kiyono et al Several provinces 12 Evergreen, Deciduous, Secondary forest

2005 FA,FFPRI

Seima Carbon stock survey

Systematic Random sampling of the project area, Mondulkiri province

225 All dry land types 2008 FA/WCS

Preah Vihear Pilot stock survey

Systematic random sample of trial block

72 All dry land types 2010 FA/WCS/GDANCP

Southern Cardamoms Carbon Stock

Systematic Random Sample of the project area

124 All dry land types 2010 FA/ONFI/Wildlife Aliance

Available and Exiting Data Carbon Stock Factor

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Exiting Data Carbon Stock Factor

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Design Proposal of National Forest Inventory (NFI)

Uplands: 6 km x 6 km Wetlands: 4 km x 4 km 2nd phase Mangroves: 3 km x 3 km

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TCP/CMB/3304 NFI shape considerations

Field mission to Koh Kong , comparison plots with similar area dimensions:

Circular Rectangular

4m

{000

3m

2m

2m

42m

30m

21m

15m

7m

7m

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Plot measurement in Deciduous and Semi-evergreen forest (upland strata)

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Plot measurement in Flooded forest (wetland strata)

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General MRV Constraints

•Institutional arrangements

•Commitments from various agencies

•Forest definitions,

•Consistency, accuracy, transparency, completeness and comparability

•Human, financial and technical capacities, (national and sub-national)

•Integration of sub-national activities into the national framework

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Research and Capacity

“Forest Cover and Carbon Mapping in the Greater Mekong Subregion and Malaysia”

Conduct Inventory Plot Survey in Prey Long Project Area

Conduct Inventory Plot Survey in Mangrove Forest

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Level I Level II Level III Level VI 1.Forest

1.Evergreen Forest 2.Semi-evergreen forest 3.Deciduous forest

4.Other forest

1.Tree Plantation

1.Rubber Plantation 2.Other tree Plantation

2.Mangrove Forest 3.Flooded Forest

5.Bamboo 2.Non-Forest

2.Woodshrub 3.Agriculture land 4.Urban and Build-Up 5.Water

Cloud unclassified

classification legend for GMS+ project

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Unsupervised classification

Remote sensing data Landsat 2005 ,2010

Post Classification

Object base classification

Accuracy Assessment

AGB Map

Land Use/Land Cover Map

Land Use /Land cover Classification

Land Use/Land Cover change

Pre processing

Segmentation

Methodology for Forest Cover for APFNet project

-Forest Cover 2005 -Forest Cover 2010 -FRA

Existing Data

eCognition ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS

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Forest Cover 2013 in Mondulkiri and Kratie province

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Tree and Palm stem diameter classes and nested plot sizes

Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) Radius (m)

Large Trees ≥30cm, Palms ≥5 30m Medium Trees ≥15 – 29.99 15m Small Trees ≥5 – 14.90 5m

Lay out Plots dimension apply for APFNet and Prey Long Project

Kiyono et al. (2011) TB (kg/tree) = 4.08 • ba1.25 • D1.33

Regionally or nationally specific equations

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Hypsometer (Vertex Laser L402)

Diameter Tape Measuring tape

Clinometer

Compass

Caliper

Preparation for Field Inventory

GPS

Flagging Tap 40

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Field Practice on forest inventory before starting estimate carbon in Prey Long

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Plot set up in Mangrove forest

Future Supporting Need

Deforestation and forest Degradation continue in Cambodia: forest fire, illegal logging, immigrant, forestland encroachment, and conversion.

Real time monitoring on forest cover change (technical support ,

accessing data )

Development of Cambodia database management information

Compile existing RS data with current suitable data to establish the

base map

Accessing to the cloud free satellite image

Capacity building on generation of cloud-free mosaics and Rada/Lida

processing

Transfer technology collarboration

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Thank You For Your Attention

Mrs. Sar Sophyra Contact address: FORESTRY ADMINISTRATION

#40 Norodom BVLD, Daun Penh, Phnom Ppenh, CAMBODIA.

Email: sophyra.sar@gmail.com 44