GE Energy

Te

rry

Ra

ddin

gs –

GE

Ene

rgy

Solu

tions

IGCC: A Pre-Combustion Carbon Capture

Solution

Centre of MathematicalSciences

Cambridge, UK

Ca

mb

rid

ge

Un

ive

rsity E

ne

rgy N

etw

ork

(C

UE

N)

Ca

mb

rid

ge

An

nu

al E

ne

rgy C

on

fere

nce J

un

e 2

4th

20

08

2/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

The Hexagon of Constraints

The Hexagon of Constraints

3/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

emerging markets

exploding

Ele

ctr

icity d

em

and .

2X

by 2

030

Sourc

es:

EIA

-DO

E Inte

rnatio

nal E

nerg

y A

nnual 2

004 &

Inte

rnatio

nal E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

006

Billions of kW hours

0

5,0

00

10,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

35,0

00

1980

1985

1990

2003

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

Asi

aA

fric

aM

iddle

East

Euro

pe &

EurA

sia

Centr

al and S

Am

eri

ca

Nort

h A

meri

ca

4/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Euro

pean T

rends .

•R

etire

men

t of agin

g infr

astr

uctu

re

�6

0%

of

ha

rd c

oa

l p

lants

>2

5 y

r o

ld

�4

0%

of th

erm

al &

nu

cle

ar

>2

5 y

r o

ld

•E

nerg

y s

ecurity

a g

row

ing c

on

cern

�R

ese

rve

ma

rgin

s d

eclin

ing

�C

oa

l &

Nu

cle

ar

ren

ais

san

ce

•W

ind is tra

nsfo

rmin

g E

uro

pea

n p

ow

er

syste

ms

•C

O2 e

xpe

cte

d to b

e s

ignific

an

t drive

r

•S

mart

Mete

ring/G

rid

s c

ould

dri

ve c

onsu

mer

be

ha

vio

ur

5/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Affordable, reliable & environmentally responsible

Meeting b

ig c

halle

nges .

with b

ig s

olu

tions

Driving Cost of Electricity

Down

Efficiency

Reliability

EmissionsEfficient

Diverse

+

Cleaner

Coal

Network

Reliability

Wind

Env

Serv

Solar

Gas

Nuclear

Biomass

6/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Sourc

e:

IPC

C r

eport

2005

One Solution -CO2 Capture 1

7/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle

Air

Separation

System

Gasificatio

nSyngas

Cooling

Synga

s

Clean-

up

Combined Cycle

System

Coal

Slag

Air

Air/N2

CO2 Sulfur

Hg

Cleaned Fuel

Heat

Electricity

O2

Five Basic Process Steps –all commercial proven

8/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

GE Gasification Technology

•Well-proven entrained flow, O2-fed, slurry design

•High pressure & temperature

•Down-flow design minimizes fouling

•Ash converts to slag; vitrified, non-leachable

•Slag can be used for construction

•Syngas cooler produces HP steam

•Includes direct quench for further syngas cooling

•Additional gas compression not required

65 ft3

160 ft3

285 ft3

450 ft3

600 ft3

900 ft3

1800

ft310

27

21

40

76

1

Gasifie

r

Radia

nt

Syn

gas

Coole

r

Vitrified

Sla

g

Coal S

lurr

y

HP

Ste

am

Feed

wate

rS

yngas

Oxygen

9/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Coal Gasification Technical Window

Entrained flow

Wet slurry

feed

Dry feed

Fixed

/Moving Bed,

Dry feed

Blending of lignite and pet coke can move the

envelope

10

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Vresova–Czech Republic

350 MW Fuel: Brown

Coal

GE Low BTU Fuel Experience:

•3

+G

W I

nsta

lled

(1

5 P

lan

ts)

•2

6 G

as T

urb

ine

s o

n S

yn

gas

•O

ve

r 1,000,000

Op

era

ting

Ho

urs

•P

lan

ts in U

SA

, G

erm

an

y,

Ita

ly,

Ca

na

da,

Ne

the

rla

nd

s,

Sin

ga

po

re,

Cze

ch R

ep

.

Wabash –Cinergy

250 MW Fuel: Pet Coke

Tampa Electric –Florida

250 MW Fuel:

Coal/PetCoke

. . .

Re

ad

y fo

r IG

CC

with

CO

2C

ap

ture

(te

ch

no

log

y a

dva

nce

me

nt to

me

et

lon

ge

r-te

rm

go

als

)

GE Gas Turbines Supporting IGCC Today

GE

Energ

y is o

ne o

f th

e

worl

d’s

le

adin

g

sup

plie

rs o

f po

wer

ge

ne

ratio

n a

nd e

ne

rgy

deliv

ery

te

chn

olo

gie

s.

11

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Proven High Hydrogen Gas Turbines

Proven High Hydrogen Gas Turbines

Exx

onM

obi

l Sin

gapore

MS6241FA

2IG

CC

44.5

% H

2

Georg

ia G

ulf

MS7001EA

3Ble

nd

Meth

ane+50%

H

2

SU

V Vre

sova

MS9001E

2IG

CC

46.8

% H

2

BASF/

G

eism

er

MS6001B

1PG

Up to

80%

H2

Koch

Refin

ery

MS6001B

1RF

G12%

to

50%

H

2

Daeso

n Ko

rea

MS6001B

1PG

up to

95%

H

2

Shell

Int'l

MS5001P

1RF

G60%

H

2,

pro

pane

Reutg

ers

werk

eM

S3002J

1PG

60%

H

2

Tenerife

MS6001B

1RF

G~70%

H

2

Cart

agena

MS6000B

1RF

G66%

H

2

San Roque

MS6000B

2RF

G70%

H

2

WG

=W

ast

e G

as;

RFG

=Refine

ry G

as;

Ste

el=

CO

G+BFG

; TG

=Ta

il gas

Site

Model

No.GasFeatures

Antw

erp

en

MS

6000B

1R

FG

78%

H2

Puert

olla

no

MS

6000B

2R

FG

Up t

o 6

0%

H2

La C

oru

na

MS

6000B

1R

FG

Up t

o 5

2%

H2

Rott

erd

am

MS

6000B

1R

FG

59%

H2

AG

IP/

Mila

zzo

MS

5001P

1R

FG

30%

to 5

0%

H2

Cochin

Refineries

MS

5001P

1R

FG

50%

H2

Mobil/

Pauls

boro

MS

5001P

2R

FG

20%

to 6

0%

H2

Uhde

NU

PM

S3002J

1T

G~

60%

H2

Donges

GE

10

1R

FG

76%

H2

Zarq

aR

efinery

PG

T10

1R

FG

82%

H2

Site

Model

No.GasFeatures

MS7001EA

MS6001B

12

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

FF-- Class Hydrogen Experience

Class Hydrogen Experience

PSI

Wabash

Tampa

Polk

Exxon

Singapor

Motiva

Delaware

Turbine

7FA

7FA

2x6FA

2x6FA

H2

(% vol)

24.8

37.2

44.5

32.0

CO

39.5

46.6

35.4

49.5

CH4

1.5

0.1

0.5

0.1

CO2

9.3

13.3

17.9

15.8

N2+Ar

2.3

2.5

1.4

2.2

H2O

22.7

0.3

0.1

0.4

LHVBTU/ft3

209

253

241

248

kJ/m

38,224

9,962

9,477

9,768

Tfuel F/C

570/ 300

700/ 371

350/ 177

570/ 299

H2/CO Ratio

0.63

0.80

1.26

0.65

Diluent

Steam

N2

Steam

H2O/ N2

Equiv BTU/ft3

150

118

116

150

kJ/m

35,910

4,649

4,600

5,910

13

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

IGCC -Cleaner By Design

Pollution Prevention

vs. Pollution Control

Boiler

SCR

ESP/

FF

Carbon

Injection FF

FGD

WESP

Pre-Combustion

PM, Hg, Su, CO2

CO2

Pulverized Coal

•Removing pollutants requires

treating 100 timesthe gas volume

of an IGCC plant.

•CO2concentration is low (~14% -

1/3 that of syngas)

•Higher criteria & HAPS emissions

than an average IGCC plant

•Limestone sulfur removal adds

3%-4%to CO2emissions

IGCC

•Gasification cleans the coal before it

is burned instead of cleaning up the

pollution after it is produced.

•CO2concentration in syngas is high

(40%-50%)

•The IGCC Cleaner Coal option

increases fuel diversity, reduces

emissions, and increases siting and

permitting flexibility.

14

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

IGCC: Emissions Approaching Natural Gas

Sourc

e: G

E in

tern

al d

ata

, ave

rage o

f 30

perm

its g

rante

d, applic

atio

ns a

nd p

ublic

ly

report

ed e

mis

sio

ns

Ad

va

nced

PC

/SC

PC

IGC

CN

GC

C0

.00

0.0

5

0.1

0

0.1

5

NO

xS

O2

PM

10

Ave

rage

Rece

nt

Pe

rmit D

ata

Be

st

In

div

idua

lP

lan

t

Lb/MMBTU

0.09

0.03

0.16

0.017

0.02

0.010.01

0.01

0.0020.01

0.04

Water Usage

Hg

Hg

% C

ap

ture

d

PC

IGC

C

50

-9

0%

90

%+

PC

IGC

C

PC

IGC

C

PC

IGC

C30%

Less

•9

0%

+ H

g r

em

ova

l

•3

0%

le

ss w

ate

r

•C

O2

ca

ptu

re r

ea

dy

•3

3%

le

ss N

Ox

•7

5%

le

ss S

Ox

•4

0%

le

ss P

M10

IGCC Environmental Benefits Versus

Best in Class Supercritical Pulverized

Coal

15

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Su

lfu

r

Su

lfu

rR

em

oval

Syngas

Sla

g

Gasifier

Oxyg

en

Ma

rke

tab

leB

ypro

du

cts

•Combine Lignite

with petcoke or

hardcoal

•Reduce Industry

dependency from

Nat Gas

Merc

ury

& S

ulfur

Rem

oval

Futu

re C

O2 C

aptu

re

Com

bin

ed C

ycle

Pow

er

Blo

ck –

209F

B

Create integrated

Refinery solutions

-H

ydro

gen

-F

ischer

Tro

psch L

iquid

s-

Meth

anol

-C

arb

on M

onoxi

de

-H

igher

Alc

ohols

IGCC possibilities –Bridging The Gap !

Build Nat Gas fired Combined Cycle as –‘IGCC ready’

•Petroleum Coke

•Asphalt

•Heavy Oil

•Vacuum

Residue

•Others

Substitute

Natural Gas

•S

NG

Gasification Solutions –Multiple Revenue

Streams

17

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

IGC

C C

O2 S

epara

tion T

echnolo

gy

Syngas Shift

•C

ata

lytic R

eaction: CO+H2O=>CO2+H2

•C

opper

or

Zin

c O

xide B

ased

•U

sed in R

efinery

Industr

y to

Make H

2

•M

atu

re T

ech

nolo

gy

for

Low

Sulfur

Gas

CO2 Removal

•A

bsorp

tion-S

trip

pin

g P

rocess

•S

ele

xol R

efr

igera

tion-B

ased:

>90%

Rem

oval

•U

sed in N

G P

rocessin

g &

Am

monia

Pla

nts

•C

ostly

& L

arg

e E

nerg

y C

onsum

ption

Temperature

Catalyst

CO+H2

CO2+H2

Heat

Exchanger

High

Low

Temperature

Catalyst

Steam

Absorber

H2

CO2+H2

CO2

Energy

Absorber

Stripper

CO2

Solvent

Gasifier

Shift

CO2

Removal

Sequestration

Sequestration

HRSG

Gen

Steam

Turbine

Hydrogen

Air

Oxidant

Sulfur

Removal

Compression

GasifierTechnology

CO2 Technology

GasifierTechnology

CO2 Technology

Power Island Technology

18

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

ETS Carbon Price development

Carbon prices have now risen more than 40 per cent over the

last four months.

19

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Proven Gasification

•F

irst co

al ga

sific

atio

n p

lan

t in

19

78

•6

3 g

asific

ation

pla

nts

cu

rren

tly o

pe

ratin

g

(14

und

er

co

nstr

uction

)

Proven Processes

•2

5 G

E L

ice

nse

d G

asific

ation

Un

its

op

era

tin

g w

orld

wid

e u

sin

g s

hift re

actio

n

to p

rod

uce

H2

•2

5 G

E L

ice

nse

d U

nits o

pe

ratin

g

wo

rld

wid

e u

sin

g A

GR

te

chn

olo

gy t

o

rem

ove

CO

2 fro

m s

hifte

d s

yn

ga

s

Proven Turbines

•2

4 g

as tu

rbin

es o

pe

ratin

g o

n s

yn

the

sis

g

as,

>1

000

,00

0 o

pe

ratin

g h

ou

rs

•F

-cla

ss c

om

bu

stio

n to

90%

H2

valid

ate

d

Pro

ven T

echnolo

gy .

Years

of

Experience

Gasification

Optional Shift

AGR/SRU

Power

CO2

SHg

CO2 Removal

Process CO + H

2

Water Gas Shift

CO+H2O > CO2+H2

H2

20

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Glo

bal re

searc

h footp

rint

Ba

ng

alo

re, In

dia

4 global research centers

Nis

ka

yun

a,

Ne

w Y

ork

Mu

nic

h, G

erm

an

y

Sh

an

gh

ai, C

hin

a

Global research driving advanced power generation

solutionsHighlights

•2

,60

0 r

ese

arc

h e

mp

loye

es

(ne

arl

y 1

,000

Ph

Ds)

•2

7,0

00

GE

te

ch

no

log

ists

wo

rld

wid

e

•$

5.7

B t

ech

no

log

y s

pe

nd

•1

,40

0+

pa

ten

ts issu

ed

in 2

00

6

21

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Diffusion Flames

•F

ue

l S

urr

ound

ed

by A

ir.

Air a

nd

Fu

el D

iffu

se

To

ge

the

r

•R

ea

ctio

n o

ccu

rs a

t e

qu

iva

len

ce r

atio

of ø

= 1

•V

ery

Sta

ble

Fla

me

. R

ob

ust

to b

low

ou

t a

nd

d

yn

am

ics

•H

igh

NO

x E

mis

sio

ns w

ith

ou

t D

ilue

nt

•T

urn

do

wn

: F

ull

loa

d t

o n

o lo

ad

Premixed Flames

•A

ir a

nd F

uel M

ix U

pstr

ea

m o

f th

e F

lam

e

•R

ea

ctio

n o

ccu

rs a

t e

qu

iva

len

ce r

atio

of ø

= 0

.5

•U

nsta

ble

Fla

me

.p

ron

e to b

low

ou

t &

dyn

am

ics

•L

ow

NO

x E

mis

sio

ns w

itho

ut

Dilu

en

t

•T

urn

do

wn

up to

F

ull

loa

d to

~1

/2 lo

ad

Diffusion

Combustor

Fuel

Air

Premixed Combustor

Fuel &

Air

Combustor Types

Combustor Types

22

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Fuel LHV Range and Combustor Types

Fuel LHV Range and Combustor Types

Furn

ace g

ases

Bio

mass G

asific

ation

CH

4 <

10%

, H

2 <

10%

N2 >

40-6

0%

Ultra Low

LHV

Refinery

gas

CO

2 s

equestr

ation

H2 =

50-

100 %

CXH

Y=

0-

40

%

High H2

Fuels

Fuel Lower Heating Value (LHV) Range

MJ/Kg

5 10 20

40

50 60

120

Gas Turbine Combustor Types

•Premixed Flames

•DLN Combustors

•H2 < 5-10 %

•Diffusion Flames

•Diluent Injection

•Dual Fuel

•Diffusion Flames

•Dual Fuel, Co-firing

•Fuel Doping

Weak

NG

Landfill

Gas

CH

4 <

60 %

N2 +

CO

2 =

40-5

0 %

Low LHV

Typ

ica

lly:

CH

4

90 %

CXH

Y5 %

CO

2/N

2

5 %

Natural Gas

Re-in

jection,

LN

G

pla

nts

CH

4 >

60 %

C2H

6 u

p t

o 2

5%

C3H

8 u

p t

o 1

5%

High LHV

Coke G

asific

ation

, S

yngas

( H

2=

20 -

50 %

)

Mid H

2Fuels

23

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

PrePre-- Mix Combustor

Mix Combustor ––Syngas Challenges

Syngas Challenges

24

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

GE

Energ

y’s

Tech

nolo

gy E

na

ble

rs

Redefining our Energy Portfolio around Cleaner Energy

Solutions.

Reduced Fossil Emissions

+Efficient CCGT

Gas Reciprocating Engines

Environmental Services

Efficient Steam Turbine

IGCC –on it’s own

CO2 Capture –on it’s own

Integrated solutions for Clean

Coal Technology ( IGCC)

+CCS+EOR

Integration –Cleaner with Greener

Zero Emissions

Nuclear

Large Hydro

Next Gen Reactor

Nuclear waste

Energy Storage

Grid Integration & Mini-Grids

Next GenEmergingCommercial

Renewables

On/Offshore Wind

Small Hydro /

Refurbishment

Biomass

Geothermal

Larger Offshore Wind

Photovoltaics

Hydro Standard Plant

Waste Gasification

Fuel Cells

Hydrogen

Biofuels

Ocean Energy

“Cleaner”

“Greener”

Greener Buildings

Energy Culture

25

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Summary & Conclusion

•C

limate

cha

ng

e is a

gro

win

g g

lob

al is

su

e.

•G

asific

ation, G

T &

CO

2 C

aptu

re T

echn

olo

gy E

xis

ts T

oday !

•W

ide v

ari

ety

of fu

el fe

ed-s

tocks to c

o-g

ene

rate

hig

h v

alu

e

//pro

ducts

, in

clu

din

g p

ow

er,

ste

am

, hyd

rog

en a

nd c

he

mic

als

.•

Fle

xib

ility

to d

eri

ve a

nd a

da

pt

new

fu

els

–O

ng

oin

g R

&D

//essential.

•S

olu

tio

n p

ort

folio

req

uir

ed –

Utilis

atio

n, in

tegra

tio

n a

nd

//part

ners

hip

s w

ill b

e k

ey for

both

ne

w a

nd e

xis

ting p

lants

.•G

overn

ments

& a

ssocia

tio

ns invalu

ab

le in th

e p

roce

ss

//(m

ech

an

ism

s, //in

frastr

uctu

re, econ

om

ics, N

AP

S, E

TS

).•R

ep

licata

ble

solu

tio

ns (

Chin

a,

India

,etc

..).

•Energ

y c

onstr

ain

t b

ala

nce r

equir

ed –

Fill

ing th

e g

aps.

•Sm

art

Mete

ring/S

ma

rt G

rids –

Better

En

erg

y U

tiliz

atio

n

26

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

WELCOME TO THE NEW

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

!Thank You!!

Thank You!!

27

/ A

EIC

2004.p

pt

GE

Energ

y P

roprieta

ry

Plant

Type

COD

MW

Power

Block

ApplicationIntegration

Gasifier

Fuel

Coal IGCC Experience

Coolwater

IGCC

1984

120

107E

Power

Steam

GE

Coal

SUV Vresova

IGCC

1996

350

209E

Cogen

Steam

ZVU

Coal

SVZ

IGCC

1996

70

6B

Cogen/ MeOH

Steam

GSP

Coal

Wabash

IGCC

1996

250

107FA

Power

N2

E-Gas

Coal/Pet Coke

Tampa Polk

IGCC

1996

250

107FA

Power

Steam/N2

GE

Coal

Refinery IGCC Experience

Frontier

Refinery

1996

40

6B

Cogen

Steam/Air/N2

GE

Pet Coke

Shell Pernis

Refinery

1997

120

206B

Cogen/H2

Steam

Shell/Lurgi

Oil

Sarlux

Refinery

2000

550

3x109E

Cogen

Steam

GE

vis breaker tar

Motiva

Refinery

2000

180

2- 6FA

Cogen

Steam/N2

GE

Pet Coke

Exxon Singapore

Refinery

2000

173

2- 6FA

Cogen

None

GE

Oil

Nexen/Opti

Refinery

2006

160

2- 7EA

Cogen

Steam

Shell

Asphaltene

Fujian JV

Refinery

2009

253

2- 9E

Cogen

N2

Shell

Oil

Steel Experience

ILVA ISE

Steel

1996

520

3x109E

Cogen

None

Steel Mill

BFG/COG/LDG

Piombino Edison

Steel

2001

180

1x109E

Cogen

None

Steel Mill

BFG/COG/LDG

Tonghua

Steel

2003

50

6B

Cogen

None

Steel Mill

BFG/COG

Jinan

Steel

2004

100

6B

Power

None

Steel Mill

BFG/COG

Baosteel Luojing

Steel

2008

174

1x109E

Cogen

None

Steel Mill

COREX

GE Syngas Experience by Application

GE Syngas Experience by Application