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CAMBRIDGE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS

General Editors

P. E. Eas terl ingRegius Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Cambridge

Phil ip HardieSenior Research Fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge

R i chard HunterRegius Professor of Greek, University of Cambridge

E. J. KenneyKennedy Professor Emeritus of Latin, University of Cambridge

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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-54043-8 - CatilinariansCiceroFrontmatterMore information

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CICERO

CATILINARIANSed ited by

ANDREW R. DYCK

Professor Emeritus of Classics, University of California, Los Angeles






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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

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c© Cambridge University Press 2008

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,

no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2008Third printing with corrections 2010

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A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

Cicero, Marcus Tullius.[In Catilinam]

Catilinarian speeches / Cicero; edited by Andrew R. Dyck.p. cm. – (Cambridge Greek and Latin classics)Speeches in Latin; critical apparatus in English.Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

isbn-13: 978-0-521-83286-1 (hardback: alk. paper)isbn-10: 0-521-83286-1 (hardback: alk. paper)isbn-13: 978-0-521-54043-8 (pbk.: alk. paper)

isbn-10: 0-521-54043-7 (pbk.: alk. paper)1. Speeches, addresses, etc., Latin. 2. Speeches, addresses, etc., Latin – History and criticism.

3. Rome – History – Conspiracy of Catiline, 65–62 B. C. – Sources. i. Dyck, Andrew R.(Andrew Roy), 1947– ii. Title. iii. Series.

pa6279.c2 2007875′.01–dc22 2007014635

isbn-13 978-0-521-83286-1 Hardbackisbn-13 978-0-521-54043-8 Paperback

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To Janis

S. Q. N.






CONTENTS

Preface page ixAbbreviations xiMap 1 The Roman world in 63 bc xivMap 2 Rome in the late Republic xviChronological table: Catiline’s life and his conspiracy xvii

Introduction 11 Catiline’s career down to 63 12 Background to the conspiracy 43 The conspiracy 74 The Catilinarians: publication, possible revision 105 Types of rhetoric within the Catilinarian corpus 126 Influence through the centuries 137 Language and style 168 The text 20

M. TVLLI CICERONIS IN L. CATILINAMORATIONES 23

ORATIO PRIMA 25

ORATIO SECVNDA 34

ORATIO TERTIA 43

ORATIO QVARTA 52

Commentary 60

Appendix 1 Historical sources cited 241Appendix 2 The date of Catilinarian 1 243Appendix 3 Prose rhythm 245References 247Indexes 261

1 Latin words 2612 Greek words 2723 General 272

vii






PREFACE

To produce a new commented edition of Cicero’s Catilinarians may seem like a woefullyunoriginal, if not altogether superfluous undertaking. There are, of course, variouscommentaries, mostly of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century vintage, intended tointroduce this corpus to school children. But in the latter half of the twentieth centuryinterest in producing such works tapered off as the traditional classical curriculumcame under fire and lists of set books were altered in the hope of reinvigorating thesubject. In addition, the palpable decline of oratory in the political life of the Westerndemocracies made C.’s products seem less relevant to contemporary concerns. Last,but not least, the negative assessment of C. by W. Drumann and T. Mommsen hasoften colored the judgment of subsequent historians of antiquity1 and thus fed aneglect of, if not outright hostility to, C. and his work.

The fact that his place in the curriculum can no longer be taken for granted mayprompt some salutary reflection on C. and his educational uses. Blind hero-worship isclearly inappropriate, as Petrarch already realized upon discovery of C.’s letters. Butthe fact that C., too, was human makes him more, not less interesting. His creation ofa distinctive and powerful prose style exploiting to the full the resources and registersof the Latin of his day commands, or should command, admiration in an age whenlanguage and style tend to be handled carelessly. We are beginning to understandMommsen’s admiration for Caesar and denigration of C. as conditioned by his ownhistorical circumstances.2 C.’s position in the history of Western thought and edu-cation makes him worth the acquaintance of anyone working within that traditionor seeking to understand it from without. Given that he is the best-documented fig-ure of the ancient pagan world, students of antiquity will continue to find him aninexhaustible source of insight and wonder as well as irritation and frustration.

In preparing this volume I have sought to exploit the latest textual advances. Thenotes set the text into the context of C.’s ideas and usage (as well as the history ofLatin as appropriate) and provide necessary historical background; they also referreaders to sources, primary and secondary, that can lead them further. I have cited,by way of agreement or disagreement, works of diverse provenance and written invarious languages. I do not expect all readers to be able to take advantage of all thecitations, though many advanced readers will, and less advanced ones may be spurredto further study. Insofar as this book finds its way into classrooms, I rely on the tactand insight of teachers to mediate. In default of an up-to-date and fully satisfactoryanglophone Latin reference grammar, I have been driven to cite a variety of worksand stylistic studies. Dominic Berry’s new translation of the Catilinarians (and othermajor political speeches of C.’s) appeared just as this book was about to go to press;readers will find many valuable observations there; in the circumstances I have hadto cite and engage with it less frequently than I would otherwise have done.

1 Cf. Habicht (1990) 3–5. 2 See further Rebenich (2002) 87–98.

ix






x PREFACE

Finally, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the institutions and individuals who havehelped this work during its several years’ gestation. I owe thanks first to E. J. Kenneyand Philip Hardie, the Latin editors of Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics, fortheir support and encouragement; to Michael Sharp of Cambridge University Pressfor his patience, encouragement, and help in keeping the project on track; to theAcademic Senate of the University of California, Los Angeles, for providing mewith support for this research during the 2003–4 academic year; to Paul Naiditch,now Emeritus Classics Bibliographer of the UCLA Young Research Library, for kindhelp in obtaining relevant materials; to Robert A. Kaster for allowing me to read hiscommentary on Pro Sestio prior to publication; to Jonathan Powell and John Ramsey forhelpful comments on a portion of my MS; to T. J. Cadoux for beneficial discussion ofsome historical problems; for remaining defects I bear sole responsibility. My greatestdebt is indicated in the dedication.






ABBREVIATIONS

CITED EDITIONS OF THE CATILINARIANS

ed. princeps Rome 1471

Lambinus1 Paris 1565

C. Halm1 Zurich 1851

R. Klotz Leipzig 1852

A. C. Clark Oxford 1905

F. Richter–A. Eberhard–H. Nohl Leipzig–Berlin 1912

K. Halm–W. Sternkopf Berlin 1916

H. Bornecque Paris 1926

P. Reis Leipzig 1933

T. Maslowski Munich–Leipzig 2003

STANDARD WORKS

A–G Allen and Greenough’s New Latin grammar, ed. J. B.Greenough et al. (Boston 1903)

B. A. ‘Bradley’s Arnold’ Latin prose composition, ed. J. F.Mountford (New Rochelle 1992; orig. 1938)

CAH The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd edn (Cambridge1984–2005)

Daremberg and Saglio Daremberg, C., and E. Saglio, Dictionnaire des

antiquites, 5 pts. in 10 vols. (Paris 1877–1919)Ernout and Meillet Ernout, A., and A. Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique

de la langue latine. Histoire des mots, 4th edn (Paris1959)

FGrHist Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, ed. F. Jacoby(Leiden 1923– )

fr. orat. Crawford, J. W., ed. Cicero: The fragmentary speeches,2nd edn (Atlanta 1994)

fr. phil. Garbarino, I., ed. M. Tulli Ciceronis Fragmenta ex

libris philosophicis, ex aliis libris deperditis, ex scriptis

incertis (Turin 1984)fr. poet. Courtney, E., ed. The fragmentary Latin poets, 2nd

edn (Oxford 2003) 149–78Frisk, H. Griechisches Etymologisches Worterbuch, 3 vols.

(Heidelberg 1973–9)

xi






xii ABBREVIATIONS

G – L Gildersleeve, B. L., and G. Lodge. Latin grammar,3rd edn (London 1895)

H – B Hale, W. G., and C. D. Buck, A Latin grammar

(Boston 1903)H – S Hofmann, J. B., and A. Szantyr, Lateinische Syntax

und Stilistik (Munich 1965)Hand, F. Tursellinus seu De particulis Latinis commentarii, 4 vols.

(Leipzig 1829–45)ILS Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, ed. H. Dessau, 3 vols.

(Berlin 1892–1916)K – S Kuhner, R., and C. Stegmann, Ausfuhrliche

Grammatik der lateinischen Sprache, II: Satzlehre. 2 vols.With corrections to the 4th edn by A. Thierfelder(Darmstadt 1966)

Lausberg, H. Handbook of literary rhetoric: A foundation for literary

study, tr. M. T. Bliss, A. Jansen, D. E. Orton, ed. D.E. Orton and R. D. Anderson (Leiden 1998)

LSJ Liddell, H., and R. Scott, Greek–English Lexicon,rev. H. Stuart Jones; suppl. E. Barber et al.(Oxford 1968)

LTUR Steinby, E. M., ed., Lexicon topographicum urbis

Romae, 6 vols. (Rome 1993–2000)MRR Broughton, T. R. S. Magistrates of the Roman

Republic, 3 vols. (New York 1951– Atlanta 1986)Nettleship, H. Contributions to Latin lexicography (Oxford 1889)NLS Woodcock, E. C., A new Latin syntax (Cambridge,

Mass. 1959)OCD3 Hornblower, S., and A. Spawforth, edd., The

Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd edn (Oxford 1996)OLD Oxford Latin Dictionary, ed. P. G. W. Glare (Oxford

1982)PHI Database of Latin authors to ad 200: cd rom 5.3

produced by Packard Humanities Institute(source of statements about nos. of attestationsand the like) (Palo Alto, Calif.)

RAC Reallexikon fur Antike und Christentum, ed. T. Klauser(Stuttgart 1950– )

RE Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft,edd. A. Pauly, G. Wissowa and W. Kroll (Stuttgart1893–1980)






ABBREVIATIONS xiii

Richardson, L. J. jr. A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome

(Baltimore and London 1992)Roby Roby, H. J. A grammar of the Latin language, 2 vols.

(London 1871–4)sch. Gronov. Asconius, Scholia Bobiensia, Scholia Pseudasconii

Sangallensia, Scholia Cluniacensia et recentiora

Ambrosiana ac Vaticana, Scholia Lugdunensia sive

Gronoviana et eorum excerpta Lugdunensia, ed.T. Stangl (Vienna 1912) 281–90

Syll.3 Dittenberger, W., ed., Sylloge inscriptionum

Graecarum, 3rd edn (Leipzig 1915)Talbert, R. J. A., ed. Barrington atlas of the Greek and Roman world

(Princeton 2000)TLL Thesaurus linguae Latinae (Leipzig 1900– )TLRR Alexander, M. C., Trials in the late Roman Republic,

149 bc to 50 bc (Toronto 1990)






0 75 150 km

0 75 miles

ALLOBROGESLacus Lemannus

SENONES

VadaSabatia

Genua

Pisae

CosaVulci

Forum Aurelium

RomePraeneste

Spoletium

Reate

Cortona

PistoriaFaesulae

Mulvius pons

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Via Aurelia

Via Clodia

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see inset 2

Inset 2

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Sardinia

Sicily

S A B I NE

S

Map 1. The Roman world in 63 bc






0 250 500 750 1000 km

0 250 500 miles

0 150 300 km

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MytilenePharsalus

Philippi

Puteoli

Pydna

Cilicia

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CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE: CATILINE’S LIFEAND HIS CONSPIRACY

108 (106?) Birth89 Possibly member of the consilium of Cn. Pompeius Straboc. 83–80 Active on Sullan side in civil war and proscriptionsNovember 82 Murder of M. Marius Gratidianus73 Tried and acquitted of seducing the Vestal Virgin Fabia68 Praetor67 Propraetor in Africa66 His candidature in second consular elections disallowed29 December Present in the comitium with a weapon65, second half Tried and acquitted de repetundis for activity in Africa64 Unsuccessful candidate for consulafter consular elections Tried and acquitted under lex Cornelia de sicariis et ueneficiis

63 ( July?) Again defeated in consular elections21 or 22 October Senate passes the consultum ultimum

21 October C. predicts Manlius’ revoltafter 21 October Catiline prosecuted under lex Plautia de ui

27 October Rising of Manlius at Faesulae28 October Alleged plan to murder optimates at Rome1 November Assault on Praeneste thwarted6–7 November Night meeting at Laeca’s house in Scythemakers’ Street7 November (?) C.’s assassination thwarted7–8 November (?) Departure of some of Catiline’s supporters to Forum

Aurelium8 November (?) C. confronts Catiline in the senate: First Catilinarian

8–9 November (?) Catiline departs Rome by night9 November (?) C. announces the departure: Second Catilinarian

c. mid-November Catiline declared a hostis by the Senate2–3 December Seizure by night of incriminating letters at the Mulvian

Bridge3 December Leading city conspirators confronted in senate with

evidence against them; their confessions; thanksgivingdecreed in C.’s honor; Third Catilinarian

4 December Senate votes rewards for T. Volturcius and theambassadors of the Allobroges; L. Tarquinius linksCrassus to the conspiracy but is disbelieved

5 December Senate debates the fate of the captured conspirators:Fourth Catilinarian; their death is decreed; C. presides overthe execution, is escorted home by admirers

62 early January Catiline and his followers defeated and annihilated atPistoria

xvii






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