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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-10676-5 — The Cambridge History of Welsh LiteratureEdited by Geraint Evans , Helen Fulton IndexMore Information

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Index

2, 67918 Poems, 468–70, 472–3, 475–6, 481

Aaron, Jane, 213, 335, 398, 430, 566, 567–8, 571Aaron, Wil, 644–5Abbey Theatre, 521abbeys, Cistercian, 29, 113, 130–1abbots, 104, 131–2, 704Aberconwy, 29, 130Aberdare, 363, 437Aberdaron, 533, 541Aberfan Disaster, 492Aberffraw, 27, 242Abergavenny, 139, 195, 203, 301, 587Abergavenny, eisteddfod, 301Abergavenny Crucifixion, 196Abergavenny Cymreigyddion, 301‘Aberglasne’, 675Aberhenfelen myth, 373Aberystwyth, 23, 27, 120–1, 130, 132, 135, 368,

373, 447, 640–1University/University College, 568,

605, 670Aberystwyth Noir, 700Above Us the Earth, 645Abse, Dannie, 558–60, 561, 569, 587, 599,

602

accidents, 64, 108, 345, 518accountability, 290, 292, 494, 497acculturation, 160, 245accuracy, 235, 279, 313Accuratissima orbis antiqui delineatio, 219Acre of Land, An, 535, 538–9Act for Punyshment of Sturdy Vacabundes

and Beggars, 162activism, 423, 507, 590, 614, 671actors, 75, 84, 200, 202, 525, 585, 641, 649Acts of Uniformity, 185

Acts of Union, 147–57, 159–64, 170, 177, 265,270, 510, 513

adaptations, 19, 21, 75, 77, 84, 132, 182, 344,517, 588

‘Adar y Gaeaf ’, 536‘Adar y Plwyfi’, 536administrative decentralization, 494, 496administrative devolution, 495adolescence, 413, 469, 473, 476, 478, 589‘Adref ’, 370advancement, 161, 176, 298

social, 21, 541technological, 508

Adventurers, The, 398adventures, 38, 58, 73–4, 188, 337, 341–2, 389,

415, 623–4, 628Adventures and Vagaries of Twm Shon Catti,

The, 341Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The, 415Aelwyd f’Ewythr Robert, 344Aeneid, The, 270aerodromes, 376, 513‘Aeth Cymru’n Seisnig’, 245Afal Ddrwg Adda, 462Afallennau, 29Afallon, 367, 412, 675affluence, 423, 491–2, 493–4, 562affrays, 200–1, 204, 242Agincourt, 417agitation, 260, 451, 501, 523

political, 259, 374agricultural communities, 379, 529, 542, 545,

549, 679agriculture, 259, 359–60, 494, 655Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius, 53Aldhelm, 27Aled, Tudur, 138, 143, 241Aleppo Merchant, The, 397

785

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Alexander, Lloyd, 589, 623, 624–6Alexander the Great, 33, 138alienation, 195, 377, 420, 428, 434–5, 448, 453,

475, 477, 484All Things Betray Thee, 395–6All Wales Ethnic Minority Association

(AWEMA), 660–1Allchin, A.M., 374allegiances, 136, 139, 141, 158, 411–13, 599political, 20, 115, 291, 306, 579

allegory, 266, 344, 369, 395, 410, 426, 623Allen, Kevin, 646alliteration, 104, 119–20, 300, 309, 312, 539allusions, 13, 27, 44, 77, 107, 144, 326, 370, 414,

538–9

literary, 290, 473almanac eisteddfods, 288almanacs, 266, 299Alyn, 531ambassadors, 105–6, 216cultural, 9

America, 166, 227, 274, 340–1, 438, 446, 578, 579,581–2, 583

American Wales, 416, 642Americans, Welsh, 579–80, 582, 589Among the Mountains: or Life in Wales, 409amour courtois, 120AMs, 512, 658, 659, 661–3Amser Amherffaith, 675Amser i Wylo, 399Amwythig, see Shrewsburyanachronisms, 40, 114, 499, 670, 705Anathémata: Fragments of an Attempted

Writing, 460ancestors, 32, 33, 40, 124, 137–8, 169, 291Anchorite of Llanddewibrefi, 131–3ancient Britons, 168, 190, 240, 265–6, 269,

336, 340Anderson, Benedict, 500Andrews, Leighton, 613, 614Aneirin, xix–xx, 3, 5, 9, 29, 32,

34, 36, 45, 102angels, 198, 274, 324–5Angels in Wales, 410anger, 266, 270, 400, 421, 687Angharad, Elin, 605Anglesey, 116, 123–4, 157–8, 187, 189, 202, 205–6,

207–8, 273, 550Anglians, 30–1Anglica Historia, 189Anglican Church, 261, 274, 306–7, 311, 315, 323,

360, 416in Wales, 166, 266

Anglicans, 239, 257, 306, 311, 312, 313, 315, 347,361, 411

anglicization, 15, 160, 177, 260, 287, 297, 338,357, 361, 516

gradual, 162, 164progressive, 245

Anglo-Norman world, 18, 19, 75, 97, 130anglophone literature, 424, 429, 614–15anglophone Wales, 407, 412, 532, 595anglophone Welsh, 266, 275, 413, 415, 529,

536–8, 595, 596–8, 599–601, 603anglophone writers, 286, 405, 594–5, 612Anglo-Saxons, 3, 15, 26, 31, 93–4, 97, 275, 389,

418, 620Anglo-Welsh, 213, 340, 429, 484–5, 557–8, 561–2,

563, 568, 597, 600critics, 559, 568literature, 5, 214, 229, 468, 536–7, 557–9, 564,

569, 596, 603poetry, 214, 558, 561–3writers, 536, 557–9, 568, 597, 600

Anglo-Welsh Review, The, 561, 564, 568, 603Angry Summer, The, 453Angry Vineyard, The, 399anian, 62, 63–4animal form, 59, 62animals, 60, 62–4, 181, 277, 369, 382, 471Anna, or Memoirs of a Welch Heiress, 339Annales Cambriae, 97, 98–100annual eisteddfod, 595, 609, 685Annuvin, 623, 632Annwyl Smotyn Bach, 684anoeth byd, 29anterliwtau, 201–2anthologies, 133, 134, 146, 214–15, 429–30, 558,

561, 581, 589–90, 604Antiquae Linguae Britannicae … Rudimenta

(1621), 188antiquarianism, 3, 4, 6, 147, 163, 257, 264–80,

286, 291antiquities, 163, 169, 214, 265, 267, 291, 306, 460Antur, Gruffudd, 608ap Gruffudd, Sir Rhys, 118, 124Apologiae pro Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 187, 238Appleby Fair, 613‘Ar Gyfeiliorn’, 373‘Ar Weun Cas-mael’, 376Arad Goch, 641Arawn, 63, 623–4Archaeologia Cambrensis, 257Archaeologica Britannica, 267archaic language, 348, 369–70Archer, David, 470

Index

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Arches, The, 569Argentina, 439, 579, 587Argoed, 35, 369, 549–51Argoed Llwyfain, 35–6Arianrhod, 77, 623, 624aristocratic life, 19, 107aristocratic patronage, 254, 287Armes Prydein, 15, 37, 54, 716Armin, Robert, 226Arnold, Matthew, 52, 338, 406, 418, 461, 620,

633, 634Arthur, 28–9, 57–8, 59, 82–3, 84, 137, 412, 460,

461, 631–2Arthur Llwyd y Felin, 345Arthurian place-names, 460Arthurian tales, 57, 81–2, 84, 301artistry, 120, 308, 311, 366, 449artists, 255, 257, 381, 391, 450, 459, 461, 478–9,

566, 571Arts Council for Wales, 562–3As You Like It, 226Ash on A Young Man’s Sleeve, 559aspirationscultural, 416, 454national, 301, 495political, 452, 494

Aspull, Thomas, 202Assembly Members, see AMs.Association of Welsh Writing in English

(AWWE), 568assonance, 309, 312, 480, 539astrology, 53–4At Swim-Two-Birds, 464‘Atgof ’, 610Athrawaeth Gristnogawl, 189Atlantic Monthly, The, 585Atwood, Margaret, 568Atyniad, 683Aubrey, Sir Thomas, 201Auden, W. H., 460, 477audiences, 1–2, 59, 61, 105–6, 196–7, 200–1,

514–15, 522–3, 600, 625see also readershipsinternational, 2, 8, 19, 100,

301, 538, 637, 718non-Welsh, 220, 221, 456, 598

Augé, Marc, 698Augustine, 183Aurora Borealis, 320Australia, 357, 474, 558, 561, 563, 579, 582, 585Yr Australydd, 579, 582authenticity, 291, 450, 508, 525, 649cultural, 525

authority, 23, 94–5, 165, 169, 232–3, 234, 279,295, 298, 300

autobiographies, 346, 390, 392, 394–6, 415–16,450, 559–60

fictional, 408, 678Autobiography of a Supertramp, 415autonomy, political, 94, 99, 680‘Awdl ar Rhyddid’, 289–90awdl/awdlau, xix, 102, 103–4, 105, 116, 117,

146–7, 285, 610, 677Awdyl ar Destyn y Gwyneddigion, 285Awdyl ar Dymhorau y Vlwyzyn, 285AWEMA (All Wales Ethnic Minority

Association), 660–1awenyddion, 54–5Awst yn Anogia, 682AWWE (Association of Welsh Writing in

English), 568Azzopardi, Trezza, 601, 699

Babel, 264Babylon, 410, 546, 590Baddy, Thomas, 314Baines, Elizabeth, 440‘Y Bais Wen’, 274Baker, Denys Val, 362–3Bala, 285, 288, 310, 321, 323, 346Baldick, Chris, 481Baldwin, Stanley, 513Balham, 458Ballad of the Mari Lwyd, The, 474ballads, 7, 44, 266, 286, 300, 309, 347, 368, 474Ballantine, Betty, 625Ballin, Malcolm, 603Balliol, 413Balsom, Denis, 491Ban Wedi i Dynny …o Gyfreith Howel Dda, 223Bangor, 188, 202, 275, 319, 372, 374, 376, 542, 640

University, 533Banjo, 705Banks, Joseph, 276‘Banks of the Menai, The’, 289, 293Baptists, 166, 256–7, 306, 378, 579, 639Barba, Eugenio, 640‘Bard, The’, 271Bard: or The Towers of Morven, The, 343Y Bardd, 342–4, 348Barddas, 8, 676Barddas, 603, 608, 611, 676barddas, 406, 424bardic circuits, 123, 164, 244bardic culture, 6, 99, 245bardic degrees, 240, 241–2, 243

Index

787


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bardic gatherings; see also eisteddfod, 287, 291Bardic Institutes Written at Carn Moesen, 293bardic licences, 241bardic names, 321, 342, 580bardic network, 287, 309bardic order, xix, 118, 162, 163, 164, 308bardic patronage, 161, 162, 163bardic performance, 206–7bardic tradition, 6, 96, 115, 184, 240, 307–8, 414bardism, 243, 244, 291, 293, 298bardomania, 271bards, 237, 239–46, 254, 287, 291, 292–3, 295–7,

300, 308, 563blue-robed, 293, 297last, 271, 291professional, 118, 176, 237, 242–4, 308

Bardsey Island, 368, 560Barrès, Maurice, 424, 510Barrington, Daines, 270Barry, 359, 394, 411, 699Barry, Des, 401, 699Barry Dock News, 359Basaleg, 271Basset, William, 163Baterie of the Popes Botereulx, Commonly Called

the High Altare, The, 223Bath, 56, 647battlefields, 3, 31, 40, 367battles, 3, 17, 18, 29–33, 36, 38–40, 44, 139,

141, 144cosmic, 630, 632final, 631

Baxter, John, 648Bayly, Lewis, 202, 549Bayly, Stephen, 645Bayly, Thomas, 202BBC, 394, 472, 480, 509, 511, 514–15, 542, 637,

640, 646–9BBC radio, 453, 458, 539, 588BBC Wales, 645, 647–9Beagan, Glenda, 441, 567, 570Beale, Anne, 337–40, 348, 430Bear, The, 648Beaufort, Margaret, 158Beaumaris, 200, 202, 207Beaumaris Bay, 277, 285–6Beckett, Samuel, 446–7, 458Bedo Brwynllys, 139, 212Beecher Stowe, Harriet, 344, 582Before the Crying Ends, 400Beibl Bach, 167, 184‘being’, 508, 563, 605beirdd y tywysogion, 94, 101, 112

Beli, 78, 81–2, 137belief systems, 293, 317Bell, David, 401Bell, H. Idris, 1, 537bells, 1, 203–4, 274, 472, 482Bembo, Pietro, 186Benedictine monasticism, 18, 130, 195Benfras, Dafydd, 290Benfras, Madog, 123Benjamin, Walter, 369, 447Bennett, Phil, 500Bennett, Anna Maria, 335, 339–40, 348–9Beowulf, 275Bernicia, 30–1, 32, 34–6Berry, Dave, 643, 644–5Berry, Richard Griffith, 639, 648Berry, Ron, 400, 699Bertomeu, Carlos, 588Berwyn, Morys, 244bestiality, 63, 670Bethesda, 462Betjeman, John, 477Bevan, Aneurin, 363, 492, 703Bevis of Hampton, 114, 132, 147Beza, Theodore, 183, 184, 235–6Bhabha, Homi, 598, 715Bianchi, Tony, 596, 671, 682, 683Bible, 165, 167, 181, 183–5, 187, 232, 234, 236–8,

239, 326–7English, 232, 235, 238Geneva, 184Great, 234, 235Morgan’s, 184, 237Welsh, 184, 224, 233, 234, 236, 238–40

biblical plays, 194–8Bibliothèque Mazarine, 189Bidden to the Feast, 391Bidgood, Ruth, 564–6, 706Bielski, Alison J., 561bigotry, 317, 463Bildungsroman, 74, 548bilingual culture, 529–53bilingual readers, 532, 538, 540, 543–4bilingual society, 347, 529, 533bilingualism, 5, 529, 530, 532, 533–4, 538, 540,

544, 546, 548emergence, 530–3, 545, 717

biographies, 4, 95, 101, 228, 327, 342, 345–7, 375,393, 447

mock, 341, 347birds, 60, 122, 301, 536, 623, 629Birkenhead, 347, 370Birmingham, 355, 647

Index

788


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birth rates, 356bishops, 18, 27, 159, 163, 167, 188, 195, 202, 225,

233–4

Bishops’ Bible, 184Black Book of Carmarthen, 28–9, 33, 43, 57,

100–1, 129Black Cauldron, The, 624Black Death, 22, 123, 124, 670Black Gold, 398black magic, 55Black Mountains, 400, 458Black Parade, 391Black Prince, 22, 460Black Sunlight, 401Blackwell, John, 300Blaenau Ffestiniog, 380–1, 581Blaenau Gwent, 659Blaenclydach, 390, 426, 436, 459Blair, Tony, 496–7, 658Blake, William, 271Blandford, Steve, 649Bleddyn Fardd, 102Blessedness of Brytaine, The, 168, 221Blodeugerdd Barddash o Farddoniaeth Gymraeg

yr Ugeinfed Ganrif, 604–5, 607Blodeuwedd, 66–7, 425, 623, 626, 629, 639Blodeuwedd, 521–2, 639blood, 64, 266, 367, 424, 469, 473, 476, 485, 530, 563Bloodaxe Book of Modern Welsh Poetry, 683Bloody Good Friday, A, 401, 699Bloomsbury, 601Blue Bed, The, 434Blue Books, 260, 429, 499‘Blwyddyn Lwyddiannus’, 433Blwyddyn yn Llyn, 538Bob yn y Ddinas, 718Bodedern, 205Boer War, 368, 412Boethius, 44Bohata, Kirsti, 442, 570, 576, 615, 715Bollard, John K., 589Bond, Nancy, 589Bonds of Attachment, 552Bonedd y Saint, 80bones, 83, 224, 370, 381, 469, 472–3, 476, 629Book of Aneirin, 29–33, 130Book of Common Prayer, 167, 177, 181, 183,

224, 232, 234, 237, 239, 310Book of Idiots, A, 700Book of Llandaf, 14, 27–8Book of St Chad, 28Book of Taliesin, 33–7, 43, 57, 101–2, 105, 130, 135Book of Three, The, 589, 623

Booker Prize, 589Borde, Andrew, 218‘Border Blues’, 538Border Country, 399–400, 492, 560, 587borders, 15–17, 38, 41–2, 145–6, 166, 415–16,

439–40, 502, 619, 630–1shifting, 75, 625

borough towns, 20, 136Borromeo, Archbishop Carlo, 186Bosse-Griffiths, Kate, 596Bosworth Field, 141, 158botany, 267, 269El botón de nácar, 588boundaries, 14, 112, 253, 324, 439, 638, 665, 673,

679, 681bourgeois realism, 455Bowen, David Phillip, 204Bowen, Euros, 456Bowen, Phillip, 204Bowen-Rowlands, Lilian, 443‘Bowmen’, 417‘Boy in the Bucket’, 434Boy Soldier, 645Boy With a Trumpet, 436Boys, 589Boys’ Library of Legend and Chivalry, The, 622Brad, 522, 639Braint Teilo, 28Brân, 75, 81–3, 137, 626, 631, 679Branwen uerch Lyr, 68–73, 518Brecht, Bertolt, 521Brecknock, 159, 265Brecknockshire, 221, 278Brecon, 18, 216, 340, 342, 357Breconshire, 164, 316‘Breiniau Dyn’, 294Brenhinedd y Saesson, 99‘Brenhiniaeth a Brawdoliaeth’, 379Brennan, Catherine, 604Breudwyt Maxen, 73, 77, 78–82Breudwyt Ronabwy, 73–4, 78, 79–80, 84, 134Brewys, Gwilym, 523Brief and a Playne Introduction, A, 223Brigham Young University, 577, 585Bristol, 205, 254, 258, 341, 415, 647Brith Gof, 640British Empire, 356, 358, 363, 551British state, 157, 265, 290, 362, 393, 493, 512,

665

British Zoology, 276Brito, Leonora, 441Britons, 13–15, 17, 26, 27, 31, 32, 168, 169, 265–6,

269–70

Index

789


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Briwsion Barddonol, 584broadcasters, 394, 472, 474, 649, 663broadcasting, 4, 499, 512, 637, 647, 661, 663–4bro/broydd, xix, 374, 450, 565, 662, 696–7Bromwich, Rachel, 65, 82Brooks, Simon, 605, 606–8, 611, 613–14, 672,

674, 680–1, 685Brown, Tony, 430, 431, 434, 534, 560, 571Brut y Brenhinedd, 78, 82, 84, 95, 98, 189Brut y Tywysogion, 95–6, 99–100, 106–8, 115brut/brud, xix, 78, 82–4, 95–6, 98, 99–100,

106–8, 115, 131, 189Brutus, 95, 168–9, 264, 346–7Bryant-Quinn, Paul, 185Brycheiniog, 17Bryncunallt, 13, 24Brythonic Romanity, 461Brywnog, Siôn, 164Buchedd Garmon, 514–15Buffalo Bill, 642Bufton, John, 410Builth Wells, 341Bulkeley, Robert, 205, 207Bulkeleysof Baron Hill, 158of Porthaml, 164

Bullough, Tom, 700Bunyan, John, 319, 342Burgedin, 204‘Burning Baby, The’, 476Bush, Duncan, 400, 563Butler, Rosemary, 662Buttercup Field, The, 430Bywyd a Marwolaeth Theomemphus,

316

Cadfan, 103Cadw dy Ffydd Brawd, 677Cadwaladr, 83, 95, 99, 131, 158, 168, 189–90, 219Cadwallawn, 15, 83, 99Cadwyni Rhyddid, 675Caedwalla, 189–90Caergybi, 462Caerleon, 416–17, 418Caermaen, 419Caernarfon, 20, 22, 157, 347–8, 358, 362, 513–15,

516, 681, 685Caernarvonshire, 164, 185, 200, 208, 236, 240,

285, 359, 542Caersaint, 681Caerwent, 279Caerwys, 206, 240, 241, 243, 245, 276, 288eisteddfod, 241–2

Cain, Rhys, 164, 202Calvinism, 256, 307, 310, 327, 409Calvinistic Methodism, 266, 310, 408Cambria, 220, 226Cambrian, The, 257, 579Cambrian Archaeological Association, 257Cambrian Register, The, 278, 298Cambrian Societies, 298Cambrian Wreath, The, 298Cambridge, 28, 177, 184, 215, 225, 585, 586–7,

594, 609Cambro-Briton, The, 298Cambrobryttanicae Cymraecaeve linguae

institutiones et rudimenta, 187Camden, William, 169, 267Camlann, 103, 412, 632Canada, 357, 474, 568cancer, 476, 570, 612, 681Candles in Babylon, 590Caneuon Ffydd, 320Cangen Caerdydd, Urdd Graddedigion

Prifysgol Cymru, 468Caniadau Ionoron, 582Canlyn Arthur, 519Cannwyll y Cymry, 167canon formation, 2–3, 4, 604canu bro, 565canu brud, 144canu caeth, 268canu carolaidd, 308Canu Cynnar, 462‘Canu Heledd’, 41canu rhydd, xix, 167, 269, 308, 311canu rhydd cynganeddol, 308–9Capel Celyn, 499, 512Capel Sion, 454Capel-Y-Ffin, 458capitalism, industrial, 260, 459capitalist system, 360, 374Caradog, 81–2‘Y Carcharor ym Mhatagonia’, 582Cardiff, 1, 357, 358, 391, 393, 411, 601, 610–12,

645–6, 718Cardiff Bay, 657, 659, 661–2Cardiff Castle, 411Cardiff Dead, 401, 601Cardiff Laboratory Theatre, 640Cardiff Times and South Wales Weekly News,

The, 431Cardiff Trilogy, The, 699Cardigan, 157, 358, 438, 686Castle, 609

Cardiganshire, 158, 269, 411, 453

Index

790


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Carmarthen, 28, 33, 100–1, 216, 234–5, 255, 260,315, 348, 358

Carmarthenshire, 158, 164, 204, 228, 312, 315,321, 323, 432, 439

rural, 374, 448, 456Carnhuanawc, 301Carnifal, 675Caroline, Queen, 266carols, 164, 167, 300, 308–9, 311–12, 313Carreg Gwalch Press, 596Carter, Isaac, 717Carter, Lin, 625cartography, 697–8Cartrefi Cymru, 413Cary, Alice, 580Cary, Phoebe, 580Casnodyn of Glamorgan, 115, 117Castell Gorfod Amryw 6, 285, 288, 294Castle Martin, 376Castle of Llyr, The, 624castles, 19, 20, 93, 143, 198, 227, 624, 627,

686, 696coastal, 121

Caswallawn, 81–2Catherine of Valois, 158, 336Catholic humanists of Wales, 185, 190Catholicism, 165–6, 167, 170, 183, 185, 187, 188,

190, 261, 266Catholics, 188, 189–90Catraeth, 30–2, 34Catterick, 30, 34cauldron of rebirth, 68, 624, 626caves, 336, 342, 460, 627, 633Cawrdaf, 342–3, 344, 348Caxton, William, 212Cefn Brith, 221Ceinion Awen y Cymmru, 298Ceiriog Valley, 308Celtic fantasy, 621, 623, 625, 631, 633, 634Celtic Magic, 620, 621–3Celtic past, 58, 267, 619, 626Celtic Realms, 621, 633Celticism, 267, 289, 623, 632Celyn Jones, Russell, 401Cenhadwr, Y, 580, 582censuses, 261, 356, 357–9, 406, 500, 531, 669, 678Cent, Siôn, 538centralization, 157, 392, 492, 494, 661, 663Cerddi Map yr Underground, 587Cerddi’r Cywilydd, 453Ceredig, 409Ceredigion, 21, 116, 120, 368, 672ceremonies, 266, 293, 514

Cestyll yn y Cymylau, 682Chamberlain, Brenda, 560–1Chaney, Paul, 659change, 3, 6–8, 112, 423, 493, 497, 511, 513, 531,

611, 614, 639cultural, 19, 288, 687linguistic, 286, 551–2political, 2, 360

Channel 4, 645chapel culture, 322, 405, 407Chapel: The Story of a Welsh Family, 389chapels, 212, 306, 346–7, 349, 380, 389, 408–11,

420, 423, 434Chaplin, Charlie, 415Chapman, Robin, 507Chapter Arts Centre, 645characterization, 408, 431, 482,

520–2, 549Charlemagne legends, 79, 80–1, 114, 132, 134,

138, 147Charles, David, 321Charles, Prince, 500Charles, Thomas, 256, 310, 321, 323Charles I, 202Charnell-White, Cathryn, 276, 287, 290, 294, 297Chartism, 260, 388, 395, 423Chatwin, Bruce, 670Chaucer, 5, 194, 199, 275Cheetham, Arthur, 642Chekhov, 648Chester, 17, 116, 137, 142, 158, 194, 197, 205,

244, 254Chester, Robert, 245chief poets, see pencerdd/penceirdd.childbirth, 312, 322, 392childhood, 413, 415–16, 437, 438, 440, 456, 462–4,

479, 585, 587children, 81, 197, 244–5, 380, 382, 478, 531–2,

580–1, 632, 677‘Child’s Christmas in Wales, A’, 479Chirk, 13, 21, 206, 533chivalry, 621–2cholera, 259Choral Symphony, 391Chosen One, The, 436Chrétien de Troyes, 29, 75, 76, 81, 84Christ, 289, 313–14, 315, 318–19, 324, 326–7,

418, 580Christianity, 183, 264, 266, 417Christie, William, 468, 716Christmas, 16, 236, 240, 311

feast, 106, 108Chronicle of the Kings, 78, 82, 95

Index

791


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Chronicle of the Princes, 95, 99, 131chronicles, xix, 93, 96–7, 99–100, 216, 220, 619,

623, 624, 630Latin, 99, 107, 131

Chronicles of Prydain, 623Church of England, 221, 256church services, 120, 177, 311, 547churches, 122, 124, 224, 234, 236, 238, 254, 256,

311, 314parish, 167, 205, 236

churchmen, 67, 114, 117Churchyard, Thomas, 220–1Chwalfa, 394Chwarae Mig, 675Chwarelwr, 643Chwerwder yn y Ffynhonnau, 381Cicero, 187Cilie, Alun, 516Cilmeri, 671cinemas, 380, 642Cinnamon Press, 596Cistercian abbeys, 29, 113, 130–1Cistercian monasteries, 96–7, 98–9, 107,

108, 130Cistercians, 18, 107, 130Citadel, The, 642cities, 216–17, 224, 346, 357, 416, 418, 512, 514,

611, 619modern, 30–1, 630

civic nationhood, 491, 502civil disobedience, 361, 498, 512–13civil society, 292, 660–1, 664, 678civil war, 18, 139, 144, 147, 227, 643civilization, 440, 509, 511, 584‘Claf Abercuawg’, 42Clancy, Joseph P., 381, 433–4, 521, 589–90Clancy, Thomas Owen, 31Clapham Common, 658Clarke, Emily, 335Clarke, Gillian, 564–7, 703class, 3, 44, 94, 96, 108, 112, 253, 338, 343, 422–3working, 3, 322, 362, 396, 399, 401, 429,

434–5, 436clergy, 166, 223, 236, 244, 264, 270, 278, 296,

297, 340clerically trained scribes, 131, 143clerics, 44, 93, 96, 108, 143, 311clerks, 202, 216, 225, 269clichés, 398, 458, 472, 559, 643, 644, 663, 677–8closet drama, 199, 206Clynnog, Morys, 188–90coal, 259, 341, 358–9, 375, 392, 492, 665, 696dust, 374, 643

coalfields, 357–9, 390, 392Cob, Alun, 681co-existence, 20, 212, 500Coffin, Valerie, 707‘Cofia Abergele’, 570‘Cofia Dryweryn’, 513, 570cohesion, 382, 448, 453national, 500, 502

Coleridge, Samuel, 228collaboration, 130, 569, 659symbiotic, 95

collectionsof poems, 146, 271, 276, 374of stories, 346, 406, 437, 454, 585, 597

collieries, 388, 434, 438colliers, 347, 389, 423, 432colloquialisms, 186, 238colonial infrastructure, 446, 451colonialism, 339industrial, 395internal, 493

colonization, 561, 570, 715–16colonizers, 21, 598, 716colophons, 29, 134colour, 145, 338, 366, 413, 434, 441, 472, 660comedies, 203, 225, 391, 424, 522comic poems, 122commentators, 24, 261, 611, 642, 663, 674,

685

commitment, 135, 370, 372, 401, 605, 649,659, 660

political, 399, 674Communist Party, 392communities, 376–9, 441–2, 450–2, 532, 543, 545,

560, 598, 645, 676agricultural, 379, 529, 542, 545, 549, 679emotional, 26, 44imagined, 356, 500, 665industrial, 306, 374, 375, 401, 453, 494local, 124, 158, 165, 376, 543, 662–3, 664mining, 560, 642–4monastic, 96, 132–3networked, 529, 533rural, 448–9, 679, 686

compilations, 95, 100, 113, 132, 169compilers, 81, 82, 100, 102, 117, 134complexities, 14, 121, 367, 395, 551, 557, 569,

607, 660cultural, 529, 541, 547, 717linguistic, 529, 533, 540–1, 543–4, 547, 553

comradeship, 509, 550Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur, 419Condell, Henry, 246

Index

792


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confidence, cultural, 9, 96, 295conflict, 14, 19, 96, 158, 358, 391, 545, 548,

624, 626internal, 336, 501

Conflict of Owen Prytherch, The, 410congregational hymns, 313Congregationalists, 166, 306, 310, 313–14, 322,

579–80

Connolly, Cyril, 446, 474, 477‘Conquered, The’, 441conquest, Edwardian, 14, 15, 18, 19–22, 93, 95,

98, 108, 113–14, 115–16conquest, Saxon, 266Conrad, Joseph, 458, 620Conran, Alys, 688, 700Conran, Tony, 558, 561, 562, 569, 697conscientious objectors, 376, 542consciousness, 15, 62, 169, 253, 401, 501, 509,

530, 537, 540national, 170, 502, 562, 639

conservatism, 240, 289cultural, 1religious, 232

conservatives, 362, 492, 495consonants, 59, 104, 119, 277Constantine, Mary-Ann, 264, 288, 291Constantine, Stephen, 576continent, 27, 185, 366, 656continental romances, 58, 68, 622continuity, 4, 14, 112–13, 115, 268, 275, 461, 463,

475, 482cultural, 115, 240, 297, 461

conversion, 165, 167, 178, 316, 323–4, 545Conwy, 20, 244, 276Coombes, Bert, 392Cooper, Susan, 589, 630–2copper, 358Copper Kingdom, 398copyists, 54, 207Cordell, Alexander, 397–8, 401corn, 255, 479, 633, 639Corn is Green, The, 639Corneille, 515, 521Cornish, 197, 218, 232, 267Cornish Ordinalia, 197Cornwall, 14, 218, 232, 267, 620, 631coronations, 182, 216correspondence, 161, 188, 317, 380, 470, 485, 533,

538, 579corruption, 326, 344, 419Cody, William, 642cosmic battle, 630, 632Cosmic Battlefields, 621, 630

costume directions, 199, 200Council in the Marches of Wales, 159–60Count Your Blessings, 390counties, 159, 165, 169, 217, 254, 265, 267, 357,

358; see also individual countiesCountry Dance, 430, 440couplets, 104, 117, 119, 218, 367, 381

rhyming, xx, 447, 483Court of Augmentations, 203–4Court of Great Sessions, 160, 162, 194, 201,

204, 254Court of Star Chamber, 204court poetry, 5, 19, 24–6, 28, 36, 97, 100–7, 108,

130, 132tradition, 96, 107–8

court poets, 6, 94–5, 96, 102, 105–6, 132, 135, 144,146–7, 570–1

courts, 16, 40–1, 76, 104–7, 112, 201, 216, 225–6,290, 514–15

Glyn Dwr’s, 126royal, 112–13, 289Tudor, 159, 177

courtship, 122, 161, 474, 508Coverdale, Miles, 184, 234Coward, Adam, 279Cradock, Walter, 166craftsmanship, 308, 311, 366, 481Craigfryn Hughes, Isaac, 347, 349Cré na Cille, 464creadigaeth hiraeth, 368creative industries, 663, 664–5creativity, 279, 405–6, 474,

510, 520, 612, 680Creed, 181Crefft y Stori Fer, 449Creigiau Aberdaron, 681Cresswell, Tim, 706Crete, 682crime fiction, 398, 681criminality, 159, 204, 463critical foundations, 607–8critical theory, 605, 607criticism, literary, 317, 375, 380, 507–8, 510, 517,

518–19, 588, 594, 604critics, 75–6, 214–15, 342, 367–70, 455, 484,

516–18, 600, 605–7, 687Cromwell, Thomas, 176Cronica de Wallia, 98–9Cronica Walliae, 219–20Cronicl Turpin, 114Cross Currents, 639Crotchet Castle, 337Crowley, Robert, 223, 233

Index

793


www.cambridge.org



crown, 136, 137, 142, 157–8, 195–6, 202, 266,610–11, 685, 686

crucifixion, 194, 195–8, 476Culhwch ac Olwen, 57, 59–60, 66, 73–4, 78,

79–80, 82, 84, 134–5, 518, 538Culler, Jonathan, 377cultural capital, 9, 106, 499cultural change, 19, 288, 687cultural hegemony, 306, 310, 432cultural heritage, 1, 130, 361cultural identity, 2, 113, 115, 411, 415, 443, 491cultural life, 4, 6, 177, 240, 254, 317, 321, 339,

715, 718cultural memory, 33, 413, 443cultural nationalism, 412–13, 451cultural pluralism, 160, 530cultural power, 75, 107, 446cultural practices, 2, 94, 698, 699cultural production, 1, 2, 4, 129–30, 142, 458, 718cultural revival, 99, 101, 108, 286, 288cultural traditions, 84, 95, 484, 637, 642culture, 27–8, 157, 160, 176–8, 253, 530, 587–8,

613–14, 637–8, 699bilingual, 529, 531–3, 535–6, 541–2, 543, 546–8,

552–3

chapel, 322, 405, 407dominant, 431, 510, 583folk, 309, 323, 408linguistic, 286, 407literary, 13, 15, 107, 114, 228, 233, 239, 299,

599, 601native, 94, 96, 586Nonconformist, 342, 407, 545, 547–8oral, 161–2, 168popular, 286, 307, 323, 328, 391, 509post-colonial, 446, 568rural, 533–4Welsh-language, 8–9, 349, 361, 406, 529–32,

537, 540, 544, 546, 551Culture and Society, 560Culwch ac Olwen, 518Cumbria, 14, 30, 31, 34curates, 316, 337, 538Curtis, Kathryn, 604Curtis, Tony, 563, 568–9, 584, 586, 634customs, 19, 21, 159–60, 170, 204, 218, 255, 269,

311, 317‘Y Cwilt’, 518Cwm Crogau, 585Cwm Hiraeth, 399Cwm Rhondda, 320, 322Cwm Tryweryn, 513, 562, 570Cwmaman, 437

Cwmardy, 392–3, 397Cwmgiedd, 643Cwmni Cyfri Tri, 641Cwmni Theatr Crwban, 641Cwmni Theatr Cymru, 641Cwmni Theatr Hwyl a Fflag, 641Cwn annwn, 279, 567cwndidau, 164, 167‘Y Cwta Cyfarwydd’, 143Y Cychwyn, 394Y Cyfaill o’r Hen Wlad yn America, 579Cyfarthfa Iron Works, 259cyff clêr, 206Cyffesion Geordie Oddi Cartref, 682Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys, 73, 78, 79–82Y Cylchgrawn Cyn-mraeg, 257cymanfa ganu, 322Cymdeithas Barddas, 383Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, 498, 512, 552,

562, 596, 611, 716cymeriad, 104, 448Cymmrodorion eisteddfod, 345Y Cymro, 645‘Cymro yn Awstralia’, 582‘Cymru 1937’, 518Cymru (journal), 347, 413Cymru Fydd, 367, 410–11,

414, 509, 522Cymru’r Plant, 413Cynan Garwyn, 34, 36Cynddelw, 102, 104–5, 106Cynddylan, 41–2, 272, 518cynfardd/cynfeirdd, xix–xx, 28, 137, 146, 275cynghanedd, xix–xxi, 119, 213–15, 243–4, 308–9,

381–2, 456–8, 539, 608, 672‘Cyngor y Bioden’, 122Cynwal, Wiliam, 163–4, 176, 243–4Cysgodion, 671, 673cywydd, xix–xx, 118–20, 124–5, 133, 136, 240, 242,

244–5, 273–5, 672metre, xx, 6, 118, 124, 133, 142, 212

‘Cywydd o Fawl, The’, 563‘Cywydd y Farn Fawr’, 273–4cywyddwr/cywyddwyr, xx, 6, 56, 143

Dafydd, Catrin, 596, 683, 688Dafydd, Edward, 170Dafydd, Elis, 608Dafydd, Fflur, 9, 602, 683Dafydd, Guto, 684–5, 686, 688Dafydd, Meurig, 163Dafydd, Myrddin ap, 612, 669, 676Dafydd, Risiart, 311

Index

794


www.cambridge.org



Dafydd, Siân Melangell, 604, 682Dafydd ap Gruffudd, 20Dafydd ap Gwilym, 112–13, 116–17, 119–24,

132–3, 142, 271, 275, 516, 518, 519Dafydd Dafis: sef Hunangofiant Ymgeisydd

Seneddol, 411Dafydd Ddu of Hiraddug, 118Dafydd Nanmor, 510, 516–17, 686Dail Pren, 380Dala’r Llanw, 681dance, 342, 390, 676Daniel Owen Memorial Prize, 611Dante Ferrari, Carlos, 588Dares Phrygius, 95Dark Edge, 401Dark is Rising Sequence, The, 589, 631Darling of Her Heart, The, 436Darwinism, 409Dasein, 508Dauwynebog, 686David, 645Davidson, Ian, 706Davies, Aneirin Talfan, 372, 453, 472, 485, 647Davies, Bryan Martin, 375Davies, David, 409Davies, Edward ‘Celtic’, 291–2, 340Davies, Eirug, 582Davies, Emily, 641Davies, Grahame, 675, 678, 680Davies, Gwen, 605Davies, Hywel, 278Davies, Idris, 8, 426, 452–3, 468, 558Davies, J. Kitchener, 453Davies, James, 469, 481, 484, 568Davies, Jason Walford, 376, 380, 534, 538Davies, John, 164, 167, 168–9, 180, 184, 188, 237,

245, 563, 586Davies, Nia, 605Davies, Peter Ho, 589Davies, Rhys, 426–7, 431, 434, 436, 455, 459, 468,

598, 600, 602Davies, Richard, 167, 182–3, 225, 234–5Davies, Richard Lewis, 602Davies, Ron, 657–8Davies, Ryan, 648Davies, Sian Eirian Rees, 588Davies, Sioned, 80Davies, Stevie, 602, 700Davies, Tom, 401Davies, Walter, 254, 285, 289Davies-Salesbury partnership, 183Davis, Kathryn, 589Day, Graham, 661

‘Y Ddinas’, 447, 611Ddu, Gwilym, 115Ddu, Robert ap Gwilym, 321De Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesiae etc., 183De excidio Britanniae, 13, 27De Gestis Britonum, 95De Lint, Charles, 630de Loutherbourg, Philippe, 271De nugis curialium, 55De Senectute, 187de Walden, Lord Howard, 638–9, 648Dearnley, Moira, 213, 335, 338‘Death of Richard Beattie-Seaman in the

Belgian Grand Prix, The’, 569Deaths and Entrances, 480–1decentralization, administrative, 494, 496Dee, John, 187, 221Deerslayers, The, 569‘Deffro Awenwawd’, 285Deffynniad Ffydd Eglwys Loegr, 221, 238Defoe, Daniel, 257degrees, bardic, 240, 241–2, 243Deheubarth, 16, 17–18, 22, 93–4, 105–6, 108, 112,

114, 609deindustrialization, 493, 501, 508, 570, 655Deira, 30–1democracy, 396, 402democratic accountability, 497democratic deficit, 494, 496, 661–4demographic growth, 259, 356–7Denbigh, 159, 216, 219, 233, 234, 240, 245, 314, 462Denbighshire, 123, 162, 164, 206, 208, 217, 232,

236, 240, 285Denham, Henry, 183, 235Densil Morgan, D., 518Dent, J.M., 475, 481Denver, 583–4depopulation, 75, 375, 493, 498, 534‘Depopulation of the Welsh Hill Country,

The’, 534depositions, 200–1, 204depressions, 260, 357, 374, 394, 484, 492,

548–9, 627Derwyn Fechan, 199–200, 202Descriptio Kambriae, 19Description of the Sphere or the Frame of the

Worlde, The, 223Devereux, Anne, 140devolution, 3, 494–7, 655–66, 669, 675, 677–8,

680–1, 718process, 656, 661, 680, 685as process not event, 494–7referendum, 496, 611, 669, 678, 687

Index

795


www.cambridge.org



devolved structures, 655, 660, 664devotional works, 311, 312–14, 327, 348Dewi Sant, 418dialects, 177, 311, 439, 448–9, 462, 672–3, 698diaspora, 219–20, 221, 391, 399, 458, 576–90Dickens, Charles, 344, 346, 388, 471, 482Dickson, Paul, 645diction, 318, 321, 369, 373–4, 471, 606, 679, 685dictionaries, 169, 178–80, 188, 223, 233, 238,

299, 323Dictionary in Englyshe and Welsh, A, 179, 223, 233didactic works, 74, 118, 311–12, 314, 335, 343, 345Diddanwch Teuluaidd, 274Diego de Ledesma, 189Dillwyn, Amy, 348, 599Dilworth, Tom, 460‘Y Dilyw 1939’, 524Din Eidyn, 30–2Dinefwr, 158Dinorwig, 296directness, 452, 514, 523moral, 396

Dirgel Ddyn, 607, 671Dirt Roads, 586‘Dirty Dust, The’, 464Disability Wales, 660disasters, 60, 112, 136, 358, 389, 394, 399, 430,

684, 696discontinuity, 549, 562disestablishment, 361, 362, 411disobedience, civil, 361, 498, 512–13dissent, 164–6, 278, 394dissenting academies, 316, 323distinctiveness, 191, 483, 494, 509economic, 491, 494national, 362, 497

District Nurse, 649diversity, 253, 560, 571–6, 606, 609, 661, 706divisions, 23, 471, 496, 540–1, 621political, 496, 619, 632religious, 190, 261

Dock Leaves, 561, 600, 603doctors, 316, 390, 546, 587, 643Dolbenmaen, 199, 201, 202, 207–8Dolgellau, 33Dolwar Fach, 323dominant culture, 431, 510, 583Dominicans, 114, 130Donahaye, Jasmine, 605Donatus, 118Donne, John, 473, 483Doolittle, Thomas, 314Dowlais, 398

Y Drafod, 579, 588Dragon has Two Tongues, The, 429, 558–9dragons, 9, 429, 497, 500, 558–9, 589, 655,

687, 696drama, 194–208, 228, 638–40, 641, 647–9closet, 199, 206

dramatists, 521, 523, 600, 637, 639dreams, 7, 74, 81, 134, 414, 419, 632, 638, 671, 676Y Dreflan, 345–6Dressel, Jon, 564, 568, 590Drift, The, 400Dringo’r Andes, 588druids, 291–2, 620–1, 630–1‘Y Drws’, 373‘Drych’, 457Drych y Prif Oesoedd, 264–5, 316Y Drych, 579, 582–3Du Bartas, Guillaume, 243duality, 17, 122, 417, 560, 686, 704Dublin, 423, 446–7Dublin Magazine, The, 536Dumville, David, 98Dwnns of Ystrad, 164Dwr Mawr Llwyd, 681Dwrch, Craig, 450Y Dwymyn, 368Dwywaith yn Blentyn, 648Dyer, John, 272, 278Dyfed, 14, 55, 73, 75–6, 296, 298, 622Dyffryn Clwyd, 21

Eagles, John, 340Ealing Studios, 643, 644Earle, Jean, 564, 566East India Company, 258Easter, 28, 240Eastern Valley, 642Ebargofiant, 684Ebbw Vale, 360, 363eccleis, 182, 234ecclesiastical foundations, 93, 96, 97, 103, 108, 194Echoes from the Welsh Hills, 409economic conditions, 255, 260, 398economic depressions, see depressionseconomic distinctiveness, 491, 494economic policies, 451, 508, 516economy, 4, 253, 255, 288, 359–60, 451, 491,

493–4

ecstasy, 307, 418–19, 522Edgecote, 144Edinburgh, 14, 30, 58, 221, 446editors, 79, 273, 299, 362, 430, 439, 484, 564,

571, 606

Index

796


www.cambridge.org



education, 161, 397, 400, 422, 429, 432, 434–6,520, 682, 685

education, Welsh-medium, 4, 406, 717Education and Learning Wales (ELWA), 661Edward, Prince, 142Edward ap Dafydd, 13, 24Edward I, 19–20, 74, 94, 112, 271Edward II, 22Edward III, 716Edward IV, 139–40, 143Edward VI, 177, 182, 216, 222, 232, 234Edwardian conquest, 14, 15, 18, 19–22, 93, 95,

98, 108, 113–14, 115–16Edwardian settlement, 20–1, 137Edwards, Dic, 641Edwards, Dorothy, 8, 425, 430, 439, 441,

447, 602Edwards, Elizabeth, 275, 285Edwards, Gareth, 500Edwards, Huw Meirion, 297, 300, 685Edwards, Hywel Teifi, 298–300, 609–11, 613Edwards, J. Goronwy, 160Edwards, Meredith, 644Edwards, O. M., 347, 412–13Edwards, Pete, 649Edwards, Sir Ifan ab Owen, 643Edwards, Thomas, 309, 540Edwart ap Raff, 244Edwin, Jonathan, 227Efnisien, 624, 626Egerton, John, 206eglwys, 182, 234Eglwysfach, 533, 541Egwyddorion Cenedlaetholdeb, 516‘Eifionydd’, 371, 673Ein Breiniad, 579Einion Offeiriad, 118, 275Eirian, Sion, 718‘Eiry Mynydd’, 43eisteddfod/eisteddfodau, xx, 241–2, 245, 285–301,

308–9, 609–11, 613–14Abergavenny, 301after 1789, 287–95almanac, 288annual, 595, 609, 685Bala, 285Caerwys, 241–2crown, 675, 681culture, 8, 579Cymmrodorion, 345local, 268, 581, 609modern, xix–xxi, 290movement, 287, 297–8, 308

National Eisteddfod, xx, 370, 373, 516, 519,587, 588, 595, 609–13, 614

poems, 370provincial, 300–1Tyddewi, 678Urdd, 609Young Farmers’, 609

Eldorado, 588elegies, 13, 28–9, 31–2, 34, 101–6, 115–16, 123, 124,

242, 580war, 478–9

‘Elegy on Neest, by Einion, An’, 275Elen, Angharad, 605Elfyn, Menna, 9, 531, 590, 604, 676, 682–3,

703–5

Elias, John, 310Elin ap Hywel, 604Eliot, George, 346Eliot, T.S., 391, 440, 458, 459–60, 477, 521, 639Elis Thomas, Dafydd, 535Elisa Powell: or the Trials of Sensibility, 340elites, 44, 254, 256, 257, 405, 424, 493, 500,

656, 674Elizabeth I, 163, 166, 168, 182–5, 187, 188, 221,

222, 224, 234Elizabeth verch Owen ap Siôn, 206Ellen, Countess of Castle Howel, 339Ellis, Alice Thomas, 567Ellis, Sam, 583Ellis, Tom, 410Ellis Lloyd, Charles, 423Elphin, 275–6, 279, 337Elton, Oliver, 510, 517Elucidarium, 114elves, 620, 625, 630, 632Elvet Lewis, H., 321Elvey, Maurice, 642ELWA (Education and Learning Wales), 661Ely House, 217Ely Rents, 217, 223emigration, 391, 578, 582emotional communities, 26, 44emotions, 44, 121, 307, 317, 327, 431, 448, 704empire, 258, 260, 300, 339, 411, 416–17, 418, 424,

610, 715employment, 216, 259, 493, 577, 585, 586empowerment, 507, 696Empson, William, 468, 477, 481Emrys, Dewi, 539Emrys ap Iwan, 510‘Emyn Genedlaethol’, 581‘Enaid Urien ap Rheged’, 518enchanters, 60–1, 63, 65–8

Index

797


www.cambridge.org



enchantment, 56, 62, 65–6, 620, 624, 626, 632–3Endeavour: Captain Cook’s First Voyage to

Australia, The, 561English audiences, 224, 348, 389, 392, 597, 599English Bible, 232, 235, 238English College, 185, 188English Hospice, 185English kings, 16, 94, 138, 271, 716English language, 177, 179, 298, 299, 531, 532,

540, 594, 596–7, 664English loanwords, 53, 114, 120, 311English poetry, 365, 456, 485English publishers, 391, 394, 401, 598English readers, 269, 340, 408–9, 432, 533, 541,

597, 598, 716English speakers, 5, 165, 218, 461, 553, 600, 716English translations, 218, 319, 335, 457English writers, 228, 275, 337, 344, 418, 589English-language readers, 270, 433, 529, 533,

540, 544, 551, 553, 717Englishness, 113, 413–14, 684englyn unodl union, xx, 367englyn/englynion, xx, 28–9, 38, 41, 42–4, 104–5,

133, 136, 215, 242metre, 28, 38, 42, 213

Englynion y Beddau, 29Enlightenment, 7, 264–80, 286, 317Enoc Huws, 408environment, 14, 123, 357, 564, 655, 709urban, 3, 559, 709

Eos Dyfed, 298epic poetry, 270, 316‘Epistle at y Cembru’, 183, 235epistles, 181, 220, 223, 233, 235, 238Eples, 374, 451–2equality, 159, 292, 498, 660Erasmus, 181, 233–4Erbury, William, 166Erec et Enide, 29, 77‘Eryri’, 421Esmor-Elis, Philip, 543essays, 516–17, 518–19, 529, 532–5, 537, 571–9,

582–4, 598, 599, 600autobiographical, 537–8

Esther, 521, 522, 639Estienne, Robert and Henri, 235Ethics of Evan Wynne, The, 411ethnic tensions, 126, 170Etifedd Y Glyn, 544Yr Etifeddiaeth, 645Eucharist, 64eulogies, 101–6, 108, 116, 118, 124, 136, 147, 164,

237, 242–4

European humanism, 6, 177evangelical hymns, 307, 322, 327evangelical revivals, 306–7, 309evangelicals, 239, 307, 320, 327Evans, Beriah Gwynfe, 411Evans, Caradoc, 347, 406, 409, 426, 429, 431–2,

436, 454–5, 476, 482Evans, Christine, 566Evans, Clifford, 644Evans, Dorothy, 600Evans, Evan, 270–5, 277, 279, 321Evans, Eynon, 647Evans, George Ewart, 557Evans, Gwynfor, 495Evans, Hazel Charles, 588Evans, J. R., 648Evans, Jonathan, 388Evans, Lyn, 648Evans, Marc, 646Evans, Margiad, 8, 430, 439, 440, 441, 531, 560,

561, 602Evans, Siân, 430Evans, Theophilus, 264, 275, 316Evans, Thomas John, 579Evans Roberts, Margaret, 582Eve of St John, The, 424, 510Everett, Robert, 580, 582everyday life, 349, 382, 547evil, 198, 417, 624, 626–7, 630, 632–3absolute, 623, 630

evocation, 53, 434existentialism, 508, 522Exodus story, 318, 326expansion, 17, 217, 306, 358, 492, 499, 532expediency, political, 495, 659experience, 157, 368, 370–1, 379, 382, 413–14,

423–4, 435, 559, 560industrial, 359, 397–8, 452personal, 279, 307, 415spiritual, 317, 327

experimentation, 456, 639, 674, 685experiments, 344, 417, 424, 475, 539,

606

expertise, 13, 52, 131, 243, 412‘Extraordinary Little Cough’, 437exuberance, 75, 124, 584, 675, 680

Faber and Faber, 391, 433, 440, 443factionalism, 3, 40, 129, 135–6, 141, 659faeries/fairies, 278, 411, 418, 476, 619–22,

627–8, 630faith, 144, 169, 221, 232, 312, 317, 320, 324, 368,

408–9

Index

798


www.cambridge.org



Falklands War, 569fame, 33, 106, 337, 339, 484, 564, 624famines, 22, 162, 277Y Faner, 670fantasy, 416, 482, 520, 619–34, 681fantasy, Celtic, 621, 623, 625, 631, 633, 634fantasy Wales, 634Faraday, Michael, 257Fardd, Pedr, 321Fast, Howard, 396Fates of the Princes of Dyved, The, 622Faucher, Léon, 261Faulkner, William, 476feminism, 518, 561, 564, 566–7, 571, 583, 604,

609, 634Y Ferch o Gefn Ydfa, 347‘Fern Hill’, 481Few Selected Exits, A, 394Ffair Gaeaf, 434Ffarwél i Ffreiburg, 447Ffawd, Cywilydd a Chelwyddau, 611Y Ffin, 640Y Fflam, 536–7Ffrwyth yr Awen, 298ffug-chwedl, 342ffug-draith, 342ffug-hanes, 342, 344–5fiction, 388, 394, 407–8, 462, 559, 566, 567,

589–94, 597, 599crime, 398, 681

fictional autobiographies, 408, 678Fierce Flame, A, 398fifteenth century, 5, 13, 129–30, 135–9, 141–3,

144–6, 157–8, 176, 178, 212–13Fight for Manod, The, 399–400, 560film, 4, 9, 397, 476, 637–8, 639, 642–6, 648,

649–50, 718Finch, Peter, 564Finger in Every Pie, A, 436Fionavar Tapestry, The, 632Firbank, Thomas, 492‘First Forty Years: Some Notes on

Anglo-Welsh Literature, The’, 558First World War, 357, 360–1, 391, 393, 421, 423,

446, 447, 459–60, 583first-person narrators, 343, 442Fisher, Catherine, 566Fisher, Charles, 474Fishguard, 256, 295, 382Fitz Warin, Fulke, 114, 137Fitzalan, Henry, 219Fitzrovia district of London, 584

Flame and Slag, 400Flay, Claire, 439Flintshire, 163–4, 199, 204, 207–8, 240, 533, 538,

541–2, 545, 547‘Flow on, Thou Shining River’, 432Fo a Fe, 648Fold in the River, A, 707folk culture, 309, 323, 408folklore, 57, 59, 75, 279, 389, 439, 459, 560food riots, 255Forbidden Lives, 442Ford, Ford Madox, 448Ford, John, 397, 643Ford, Patrick K., 589‘Forge, The’, 449fortresses, 57–9, 141, 143, 145, 336, 534Four Ancient Books of Wales, 26, 27, 28–9, 33Four Branches of the Mabinogi, xx–xxi, 55–65,

67–75, 76–9, 80–2, 84, 94, 373, 522,622–3, 625, 639

fourteenth century, 21, 22, 84, 98, 100–2,113–18, 120, 121, 130–3, 135

fractal science, 708‘Fragments of Ancient Poetry’, 270France, 80–1, 83, 124, 215–16, 256, 258, 287,

336–7, 510, 511Francis, J.O., 423, 639Francis, Karl, 645Francis, Matthew, 705‘Fraying of the Thread, The’, 435, 441free metre, xix, 244, 311freedom, 125, 289, 293, 361, 415, 463, 622–3, 626,

674–6, 680Freeman, Kathleen, 435, 441–2free-metre poetry, 164, 167, 177, 244, 308,

311–12, 321, 587Freiburg, 406, 421, 447, 458French Revolution, 256, 287–8, 289, 291–2French romance, 29, 75, 114, 133, 147French wars, 259, 296Freud, Sigmund, 483Frow, John, 699Y Fun o Eithinfynydd, 347funding, 4, 194, 594–5, 601, 608, 615, 645,

656, 717Furnival, Christine, 569‘Fy Ngwlad’, 453Fychan, Ednyfed, 112, 115–16Fychan, Simwnt, 207, 241

Gagging Acts, 296Gallichan, Walter, 410

Index

799


www.cambridge.org



Gallie, Menna, 398, 400, 401–2Gang of Six, 498Gantz, Jeffrey, 619, 626Garlick, Raymond, 214, 429, 561, 562, 568,

600, 603Garner, Alan, 629, 630Garth Mountain, 295Gaskell, Elizabeth, 344, 388Gastard, Fulk, 195Gee, Thomas, 596Geirionydd, Ieuan Glan, 321‘Geirva Tavod Cymraec’, 180gender, 3, 398, 441, 560, 564, 570, 622, 698roles, 566, 567

genealogies, 6, 27, 36, 40, 82, 98, 163–4, 169,277, 482

genealogists, 162, 243General Strike, 426, 453, 560generosity, 102–3, 136, 198, 244‘Geneth Ifanc’, 378Geneva Bible, 184genius loci, 377genres, 121–2, 300, 309, 431, 443, 612, 625, 681,

699, 711as landscape, 699–702new, 307–8, 342

gentry, 112–13, 130, 133, 158, 159–62, 163–4, 165,244–5, 306, 307–8

houses, 129, 133, 134, 146local, 165, 277, 297native, 161, 267patrons, 133, 241, 242, 309

Geoffrey of Monmouth, xix, 77–9, 81–4, 95,97–8, 99–100, 129, 131, 168–9, 189

geography, 317, 492, 537, 698, 699, 709geology, 257, 267, 707George, Mari, 685George I, 265George III, 297Gerald of Wales, 19, 54, 63, 100Gereint uab Erbin, 29, 73, 74, 77, 78–9, 80, 135Germany, 186, 310, 358, 362, 569Germinal, 389‘Ghost of Aunt Ann, The’, 435‘Gibbet and Cross’, 431Gibbons, Stella, 482Gibson, Edmund, 267Gielgud, Val, 515Gildas, 13–14, 15, 27, 98Gilfaethwy, 62–3, 65, 67, 77Gill, Eric, 458Gilpin, William, 257, 276, 340Giraldus Cambrensis, 265, 697

Girardone, Vicenzo, 185Girl from Cardigan, The, 438Glamorgan, 143, 146, 158–9, 163, 295–6, 336, 341,

357, 359, 374Glandore, Charles Owen, 336Glas, 588Glass Shot, 400Glastonbury, 461, 632Glastonbury Romance, A, 461globalization, 494, 655, 665Gloucester, 16, 58, 355Glyn, Ifor ap, 587, 684Glyn, Seimon, 678Glyn Jones, Dafydd, 391, 396, 426, 429, 434, 436,

468, 475, 558–9, 561Glyn Dwr, Owain, 13, 22–4, 83, 125–9, 136–9,

143–4, 157, 164, 411, 535–6Goch, Iolo, 6, 123–5, 136–7, 539, 716Goch, Llywelyn, 123, 132, 135God, 45–53, 64, 66, 67, 101, 103–4, 310, 325–7,

632, 638goddesses, 76, 290, 621, 626Gododdin, 3, 14, 30–3, 44,

102, 130, 460Y Gododdin, 29, 32–3, 44, 102, 130gogynfardd/gogynfeirdd, xx, 5, 18, 101, 115, 147Golden Grove, 228Gollancz, Victor, 394, 600Golwg ar Deyrnas Crist, 316‘Golygfa Mewn Caffe’, 524Gomer Press, 8, 596Goodby, John, 469, 475Goodman, Gabriel, 236Goodwin, Geraint, 8Gorchestion Beirdd Cymru, 274Goronwy ap Tudur, 116gorsedd, 254, 287, 290–6, 609–10Gospels; see also Bible; New Testament; Old

Testament, 28, 166, 169, 181, 233, 418Gothic novels, 277Gough, Richard, 276governance, 20, 507, 510, 587governments, 216, 253, 363, 377, 494–6, 647,

655–6, 661, 663–4, 665Gower, 166, 455–6Gower, Iris, 398Gower, Jon, 681, 683Grahame, Kenneth, 416grail, 418, 628, 630–1grammar schools, 274, 469, 542, 545–6, 547, 548grammars, 117–18, 169, 186–7, 191, 237, 245, 273,

299, 406, 471Granada Television, 648

Index

800


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Grand Guignol, 426Grand Slam, 644, 648Granelli, Roger, 401Granta list of new writers, 612Graves, Robert, 215, 633Gray, Kathryn, 605Gray, Thomas, 270–1, 275, 291Gray’s Inn, 266Great Bible, 234, 235Great God Pan, The, 419Great Return, The, 418Great Sessions, see Court of Great Sessionsgreat slate-fields strike, 393–4, 400, 401Great War, see First World War.Greek, 169, 176, 182, 187, 233, 235, 244Green, Green, My Valley Now, 397Green, Diane, 545Green, Fred, 588Green Desert, The, 562Greene, Graham, 460Grey King, The, 631Griffith, Nehemiah, 266Griffith, Wyn, 537Griffiths, Ann, 322–4, 326–7, 538, 607Griffiths, Bryn, 561Griffiths, Hywel, 611, 685Griffiths, J. Gwyn, 596Griffiths, James, 363, 492Griffiths, Laura, 580Griffiths, Niall, 700Griffiths, Steve, 564, 568Griffiths, William J., 345Griffri, 570–1Grigson, Geoffrey, 476Grits, 700‘Grongar Hill’, 272Gross, Philip, 707Grosz, Elizabeth, 709, 711grotesque, 62, 406, 455, 473, 476, 523, 620,

627, 670growth, population, 216, 356, 358Gruffudd, Elis, 216Gruffudd, Robat, 596, 675Gruffudd ab Adda, 123Gruffudd ab Ieuan ap Llywelyn Fychan, 241Gruffudd ap Cynan, 17, 95, 101, 206, 241Gruffudd ap Dafydd, 116Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, 14, 16Gruffudd ap Maredudd, 114, 116–17, 123, 124Gruffudd Hiraethog, 233Gruffudd Llwyd, 137Gruffydd, Dafydd, 647Gruffydd, R. Geraint, 190, 380, 518

Gruffydd, Sir William, 240Gruffydd, W. J., 366, 423, 537Gruffydd ap Nicholas, 158Gryffydh, Jane, 337Gryg, Gruffudd, 123Gryll Grange, 337Guest, Lady Charlotte, xx–xxi, 73, 257, 301, 622‘Guide me, O thou great Jehovah’, 318Guild of Graduates of the University of

Wales, 468, 510Guild of Welsh Writers, 561Guto’r Glyn, 6, 13, 137–40, 143Gwaed yr Uchelwyr, 424Gwaith Argoed Llwyfain, 34Gwalchmai, 290Gwanas, Bethan, 674Gwasg Gee, 596Gwasg Gomer, 596, 717Gwasg y Lolfa, 596‘Gweddi’r Terfyn’, 524Gwen Penri: a Welsh Idyll, 410Gwenallt Jones, D., 7, 368, 373–5, 421, 451–3,

454, 517, 538–9, 610Gwent, 14, 416, 417, 531, 544, 570, 628gwerin, 35, 349, 376, 409, 413, 453, 609–10Gwilym, Gwynn ap, 604, 607, 611‘Gwlad Adfeiliedig’, 375‘Gwreichion’, 605, 670, 674Gwydion, 59, 63–4, 65–6, 67, 623–4, 626Gwymon y Môr, 588Gwyn, Robert, 167Gwynedd, 14–15, 17–18, 19–20, 27, 32–3, 94, 101,

105–6, 115–16, 422kings of, 16, 17, 20, 40, 102princes of, 17, 19–20, 29, 101, 106, 130, 367

Gwyneddigion Society, 254, 288Gwynfe Evans, Beriah, 411Gwynn Jones, T., 7–8, 365–83, 412, 420, 421, 704‘Gwythiennau’, 669Y Gymdeithas Gerdd Dafod, 603Gymerwch chi Sigarét?, 522, 639A Gymri di Gymru?, 675

Hadley, Tessa, 700‘Yr Haf ’, 367, 420Yr Haf a Cherddi Eraill, 369–70, 372Haggar, William, 642Haines, Aldryd, 400Hall, Augusta, 301Hall, George, 363Hampshire, 473Hanes Cymry America, 580Hanes Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg, 1

Index

801


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Hanes Taliesin, 73Hanes y Byd a’r Amseroedd, 217, 227Hanmer, Siôn, 138Hanmer, Sir David, 137–8Hanmers, 22, 137, 538Hanson, Clare, 431, 441Happy-Go-Lucky Morgans, The, 458–9Hardie, Keir, 423Hardy, Barbara, 471, 482Hardy, Thomas, 346, 449Hargreaves, Ian, 662Harlech, 23, 141, 200harmony, 119, 271, 322, 382, 522, 637, 643Harold Godwinesson, 16harps, 119, 168, 218, 343, 409, 530, 623, 631Harris, Howel, 316Harvie, Christopher, 416Hastings, 17, 93Hattersley, Roy, 659Yr Haul, 347haunted hills, 621, 626Hawkins, Desmond, 472Haycock, Marged, 34, 54, 58–9, 105, 604Haycraft, Anna, 567Hay-on-Wye, 584, 609, 614health, 363, 473, 655, 703Heaney, Seamus, 449, 586heaven, 214, 274, 312, 318, 325, 327, 375, 377,

463, 469heavy industry, 359, 362, 399, 492, 493, 562Hebrew, 169, 182, 184, 233–4, 237, 326Heddiw, 372–3Hédelin, François, 522Hedd Wyn, 370, 422, 646HEFCW (Higher Education Funding Council

for Wales), 615Hefin, John, 644, 648hegemony, 15, 19, 37, 361, 405, 605cultural, 306, 310, 432

Heinemann, Margot, 398Hemans, Felicia, 275, 296–7, 298–9Hemings, John, 246Hen Dy Ffarm, 433, 450–1Yr Hen Proffwyd, 278Hen Wynebau, 448, 450, 451‘Henaint’, 518Hendregadredd, 101, 103, 105, 108manuscript, 97, 101–2, 103, 105, 107, 113, 115,

132–3

hengerdd, xx, 5, 14, 29, 38, 78, 80, 102, 133Henry I, 17–18, 93Henry II, 17–18, 93Henry III, 20

Henry IV, 22–3, 136Henry V, 158Henry VI, 139–41Henry VII, 141, 157, 216, 217, 227Henry VIII, 159, 176, 177, 179, 201, 232, 239,

241, 513heraldry, 114, 163, 169heralds, 23, 355Herbert, William, 139–41, 144, 186Herberts of Powys Castle, 165Here be Dragons, 589Hereford, 17, 168, 194, 217, 233–4, 484Herefordshire, 144, 166, 440heroes, 29, 30, 34, 42, 58, 59, 389, 393–5,

411–12, 621romance, 114, 137, 147

heroism, 33, 138, 147, 227Heseltine, Nigel, 468Hiding Place, The, 601, 699Higher Education Funding Council for Wales

(HEFCW), 615Hill of Dreams, The, 419hir a thoddaid, xx, 367hiraeth, 368, 538, 680Hiraethog, Gruffudd, 180–1, 207, 219, 241Hiraethog, Gwilym, 344Historia Brittonum, xix–xx, 27, 32, 34, 36, 56, 98Historia Regum Britanniae, xix, 19, 29, 57, 77–8,

84, 95, 97, 99, 189, 190historians, 26, 107, 189, 216, 253, 265, 289,

314, 637historical romances, 347, 461, 588Historie of Cambria, The, 220historiography, 93, 95, 96, 97–100, 108, 115,

189–90

vernacular, 96, 99–100, 107history, 79–80, 82–4, 97–8, 99–100, 168–9,

219–20, 293–5, 316–17, 442–3, 535–6literary, 1–2, 265, 275, 276, 286–7, 348, 366,

443, 716political, 17, 112, 658

History of Brecknockshire, 278History of the County of Brecknock, 265Holborn, 217, 470holidays, 164, 478Hollywood, 643, 645Holocaust, 559, 569holy grail, see grailHolyhead, 269, 343, 533‘Home, Sweet Home’, 432home rule, 361–2, 509Honey and Bread, 390, 459Honno, 442, 567, 604

Index

802


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Honorius of Augustodunum, 114Honourable and Loyal Society of Antient

Britons, 254Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion,

254, 269Hooker, Jeremy, 562, 564, 568Hopcyn ap Tomas, 38, 83, 133–5, 146Hopkin, Wil, 347Hopkins, Councillor David, 514Hopwood, Mererid, 596, 676–7, 680Horn, George, 219horses, 56, 61, 76, 83, 117, 138, 227, 425Hospital Odyssey, A, 703House of America, 646household drama, 206‘Housekeeper, The’, 437Houston, Donald, 644How Green Was My Valley, 397, 643, 646‘How to Write Anglo-Welsh Poetry’, 563Howell, Ann, 335Howells, Jack, 645Howells, William Dean, 584HTV Wales, 648–9Huet, Thomas, 183, 235Hughes, Annie Harriet, 348Hughes, Arthur, 345Hughes, Glyn Tegai, 297–8Hughes, Hugh, 255Hughes, Ian, 77Hughes, Isaac, 388Hughes, John L., 400Hughes, Jonathan, 309Hughes, Kathleen, 98–9Hughes, Nerys, 649Hughes, Robert, 273Hughes, T. Rowland, 394Hughes, Tristan, 602, 700Hughes Jones, Lis, 640Human Traffic, 646humanism, 4, 6, 163, 166, 216, 243–4, 424Welsh, 176–91

humanists, Protestant, 169, 182–6Humanum Genus, 198humour, 121, 215, 398, 434, 440, 584, 658, 700Humphreys, Emyr, 9, 529–31, 532–3, 541–53,

558–9, 600, 640, 647Bonds of Attachment, 552Collected Poems, 542Etifedd Y Glyn, 544Land of the Living, 542Man’s Estate, A, 542–3, 545National Winner, 552

Outside the House of Baal, 548–50, 552Shop, The, 542Taliesin Tradition, The, 9, 542Toy Epic, A, 545–9, 559Y Tri Llais, 546

Humphrys, John, 643Hunangofiant Gwas Ffarm, 450Hunangofiant Rhys Lewis, Gweinidog Bethel, 346‘Hunanladdiad y Llenor’, 538Hundred Years of Fiction, A, 597Hunter, Jerry, 369, 580, 674, 684Hunters and Hunted, 400hutlath, 62, 66Huws, Daniel, 78, 131–2, 133, 142, 164Huws, Enoc, 408, 518Huws, Meirion Macintyre, 672‘Yr Hwyaden’, 370hybridity, 340, 395, 508, 560, 576–7‘Hydref ’, 365Hyll, Nicholas, 178, 223Hymnau Scrythurol, 314hymns, 4, 104, 300, 306, 307, 310, 313–16, 318–24,

326–7, 342emergence, 310–15English, 318, 320evangelical, 307, 322, 327

hymn-singing, 306–7, 310, 313–14, 322hymn-tunes, 320, 322hymn-writers, 320–2, 327Hywel ab Einion Lygliw, 117Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd, 104, 106Hywel ap Dafydd ab Ieuan ap Rhys,

139–40, 142Hywel ap Fychan, 143Hywel ap Owain Gwynedd, 696Hywel Dda, 15, 37, 115, 129Hywel Fychan ap Hywel Goch, 38, 134Hywel Swrdwal, 142

I Fyd Sy Well, 588‘I Was Born in the Ystrad Valley’, 435Ibbetson, Julius Caesar, 257iconoclasm, 447, 606, 671Ida, King of Northumbria, 32ideals, 114, 124, 181, 233, 256, 292, 440, 511identity, 157, 160, 161, 459, 462, 537, 540–1, 576,

578, 586–7cultural, 2, 113, 115, 411, 415, 443, 491national, 107, 168–9, 428, 429, 500, 531, 532,

637–8, 645, 664–5new sense of, 664–6political, 191, 502

Index

803


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identity (cont.)religious, 188, 264Welsh, 168, 170, 336–7, 338, 339, 439, 440,

535–6, 549–50, 665–6ideology, 33, 339, 376, 405, 412,

424, 439, 620, 659Ieuan ap Hywel Swrdwal, 213–14Il Cortegiano, 186Iliad, The, 270illness, 13, 42, 269, 379, 560imagery, 312, 318, 321, 373–4, 471, 475–6, 480–1,

483, 519, 523–4imagination, 52, 300, 326, 368, 417, 426, 480–1,

483, 538, 541imagined communities, 356, 500, 665immigration, 391, 583imperialism, 3, 52, 260, 297, 339, 439, 715–16In and Out of the Goldfish Bowl, 401In Parenthesis, 459–60, 587, 716In the Dark, 401In the Green Tree, 437In the Land of the Harp and the Feathers,

409

independence, 5, 19, 23, 77, 95, 99, 377, 509,675, 680

Independent Television (ITV), 637, 647–8Independent Television Authority (ITA),

637, 648India, 258, 437industrial capitalism, 260, 459industrial communities, 306, 374, 375, 401,

453, 494industrial experience, 359, 397–8, 452industrial fiction, 388–402industrial life, 253, 388, 390, 391, 394, 397, 398,

400, 401, 405Industrial Revolution, 253, 259industrial south Wales, 260, 452–3, 586industrial valleys, 413, 423, 424, 459, 494industrialism, 391, 393–4, 430industrialization, 2, 3, 5, 17, 259, 262, 358, 426,

428, 432industry, 251–3, 258, 259, 359, 371, 388–90, 393–4,

399–400, 492, 664heavy, 359, 362, 399,

492, 493, 562infrastructure, 422colonial, 446, 451communications, 662

Inglis-Jones, Elizabeth, 561inheritance, 21, 112, 160, 485, 515, 532, 543, 545,

548, 550in-migration, 261, 357, 498, 611

innovation, 6, 21, 116, 176, 235, 240, 290, 455,612, 717

Inns of Court, 22, 216, 232institutional change, 655–7institutions, 97, 99, 104, 108, 290, 296, 299, 548,

594, 600national, 190, 297, 301, 516religious, 129, 549

Interference of Light, An, 401interludes, 198, 201–2, 309, 638Intermission, 683internal rhymes, xix, 104, 116, 119, 539–40international audiences, 2, 8, 19, 100, 301, 538,

637, 718interpreters, 19, 366, 373, 401‘Introduction to Village Dialect, An’, 439Intruder and Other Stories, The, 442Iorwerth, Rhys, 520, 685‘I’r Lleidr Da’, 524Ireland, 75, 218, 335, 337, 355, 357, 446, 449,

473–4, 620Northern, 267, 515, 645, 657

iron, 258, 358–9, 360, 388irony, 68, 365, 397, 400, 471, 500, 672, 685, 687irreverence, 196, 408, 438, 519, 671Island of Apples, The, 559isolation, 425, 437, 448, 576, 657ITA (Independent Television Authority),

637, 648Italy, 185–6, 187–9, 215, 244, 458, 473, 542ITV, see Independent Television

Jac Glan-y-Gors, 285–6James, Christine, 374, 375, 604, 685James, Maria, 581James, Siân, 441, 566–7James I, 168, 216Jameson, Storm, 392Janes, Fred, 474Jarvis, Matthew, 565Jenkins, Dafydd, 345Jenkins, Geraint H., 288, 295Jenkins, John, 297–8, 299, 388Jenkins, Kathryn, 317Jenkins, Mike, 602Jenkins, Nigel, 564, 568–9, 697Jenkins, Warren, 640Jennings, Humphrey, 643Jenny Jones and Jenny, 409Jerusalem, 117, 197, 410, 418Jesus College, Oxford, 78, 133, 432, 447Jewel of Ynys Galon, The, 412Jews, 261, 563

Index

804


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John, King, 74, 522, 639John ap polle ap John, 203John of Bridlington, 143John Vaughan and his Friends, 409Johnson, Hansford, 470, 480Johnson, Pamela Hansford, 469, 473, 474Jones, Ann, 478Jones, Anwen, 638Jones, Bill, 392, 579, 582–3Jones, Bobi, 520, 568–9Jones, Carwyn, 656Jones, Celia, 398Jones, Cynan, 602, 700Jones, Dafydd, 321Jones, Daniel, 474Jones, David, 447, 455, 458–9, 461–2, 586, 603,

715–16

Jones, Dic, 8Jones, Edmund, 278Jones, Edward, 271Jones, Emrys, 216–17Jones, Erasmus B., 409Jones, Ernest, 388Jones, Evan, 343–4Jones, Ffion Mair, 297Jones, Geraint V., 681Jones, Gwyn, 347–8, 396, 426, 429–30, 558, 603Jones, Huw, 309, 323Jones, Ieuan Wyn, 656Jones, J. Gwilym, 370Jones, J. R., 497–8, 531Jones, Jack, 391–2, 394, 402, 558, 600Jones, John, 199, 207, 285, 301Jones, John Gwilym, 369–70, 372, 376, 640, 647Jones, Katie, 396Jones, Lewis, 392–3, 400, 402, 426Jones, Lloyd, 602, 683–4, 696, 700Jones, Margam, 409–10Jones, Mary, 567, 570Jones, Mary Oliver, 347–8Jones, Philip N., 357Jones, Phyllis M., 443Jones, Rebecca, 580, 612Jones, Rhydderch, 648Jones, Rhys, 274Jones, Richard Wyn, 508, 524, 665, 674Jones, T. Harri, 558, 585Jones, Theophilus, 264Jones, Thomas, 271Jones, Tudur Dylan, 672Jones, W. S., 647Jones, William Ellis, see CawrdafJones Williams, Aled, 612, 681

Jones Y Cilie, Fred, 450Jonson, Ben, 245Joseph, Michael, 395Joseph of Arimathea, 169, 183, 235Journal of Llewellin Penrose, The, 340, 341, 343journalists, 437, 439, 462, 469, 474, 583Journey to Snowdon, 276Joyce, James, 446–7, 449, 458–9, 464, 471, 482Jubilee Blues, 390, 397Judas, 705

Karadog, Aneirin, 685Kardomah Boys, 456, 473Kay, Guy Gavriel, 632Kay Davies, Deborah, 441, 602Keating, Joseph, 349, 388–9, 391Kedymdeithyas Amlyn ac Amic, 114Keevil, Tyler, 700Kelly, Isabella, 335Kennedy, Sarah, 590Kerrigan, Justin, 646Kiberd, Declan, 681King, Jemma L., 705kings

of Britain, 77, 81, 95, 189, 227English, 16, 94, 138, 271, 716

kingship, 14–16, 83, 141, 168, 379and competition, 14–16

‘Kissing Nina’, 441Koch, John, 30–2Krim, Les, 569Kyffin, Maurice, 6, 168, 183, 187, 220–1, 236,

238–9

Kynniver Llith a Ban, 181–3, 222–3, 225, 233–6

La Queste del Saint Graal, 114La Sepmaine, 243labels, 340, 418, 435, 674Labour Party, 361, 363, 396, 494, 496, 498, 501,

656, 658–9Welsh, 398, 492, 496, 498, 658, 660

Laes, Siôn Dafydd, 164, 307Lampeter, 609Lancastrians, 138–41, 144, 158land, and power, 254–5land disputes, 28, 136Land of My Fathers, The, 410Land of the Living, 542landscape, 57–8, 277, 338–40, 440, 480, 559–60,

565, 619–20, 697, 699cultural, 1, 297, 711political, 168, 511urban, 419, 559, 630

Index

805


www.cambridge.org



landscapes, 277, 344, 535–6, 540, 589, 628Langer, Susanne, 702language campaigners, 499, 507,

512, 671, 678language movement, 1, 450, 541, 548language rule, 612, 614Lanier, Sidney, 622Lansdell, Isabella, 335‘Largest Bull in Europe’, 441Last Days of Dolwyn, The, 644Last Inspection, The, 437late Middle Ages, xix, 4, 124, 147, 198, 217,

406, 458Latin, 27–8, 30, 96, 114, 132–3, 161, 182, 187–8,

222, 224Latin, chronicles, 99, 107, 131Latin tradition, 27–8Latinate forms, 234, 237law, 21–2, 114–15, 157, 159–62, 170, 178, 254, 326,

394, 513‘Law of Hywel Dda’, 115, 129, 223Lawrence, D. H., 390, 436, 459, 560Laws in Wales Acts, 232, 238–9Le Moyne College, 589Leavis, F.R., 413Lee, Rowland, 159Leek, The, 266leeks, 266, 277, 599, 637Lefebvre, Henri, 698Legend of Captain Jones, The, 227legends, 41, 44, 414–15, 418, 560, 563, 567, 622,

629, 631lesbian identity, 441letters, 195, 196, 225, 323–4, 471, 473, 533, 536,

700, 702Letters on Political Liberty, 292Levertov, Denise, 590Levy, Mervyn, 474Lewis, Alun, 436, 437, 468, 558Lewis, Caryl, 520, 679Lewis, D. Miles, 389Lewis, Eiluned, 430, 561Lewis, Emyr, 672, 675Lewis, Gwyneth, 9, 531, 539, 586, 602, 676, 683,

703–5

Lewis, Lewis William, 345, 581Lewis, Mari, 408Lewis, Owen, 189–90Lewis, Saunders, 372–4, 468, 507–22, 523–5,

536–7, 538–9, 639–40, 715–16as language campaigner, 512–14as playwright, 521–5as politician, 509–12

as teacher, 519–21as writer and critic, 514–19

Lewis ap Edward, 207Lewys, Huw, 184Lewys Glyn Cothi, 141–2, 144–6lexicography, 180, 191, 222Lhuyd, Edward, 267–8, 276Liberal Democrats, 497Liberal Party, 361–2, 367, 543liberalism, 411, 424, 510libraries, 27, 33, 131, 135, 142, 146, 268–9, 442,

604, 614Library of Wales, 28–9, 33, 78, 130, 132, 135, 285,

286, 602, 604Licensing Act (1662), 7, 215Lichfield Gospels, 28Lidice, 643Life and Amours of Owen Tideric Prince of Wales,

The, 227–8, 335Life and Letters Today, 433Life and Times of David Lloyd George, The,

648

Life in the Forest, 590Life of Madam de Beaumount, The, 336Life Story of David Lloyd George, The, 642Light of the Heart, The, 647Lilting House, The, 561, 562liminality, 413, 440, 698, 701Lindisfarne, 34linguistic boundaries, 531, 538, 541, 544linguistic change, 286, 551–2linguistic communities, 29, 448, 546, 550linguistic complexity, 529, 533, 540–1, 543–4,

547, 553Linnaeus, Carl, 276literacy, 6, 96, 161–2, 164, 166, 256, 595, 717literary criticism, 317, 375, 380, 507–8, 510, 517,

518–19, 588, 594, 604literary culture, 13, 15, 107, 114, 228, 233, 239,

299, 599, 601literary forms, 176–7, 285, 311, 452, 697, 711literary genres, see genresliterary history, 1–2, 265, 275, 276, 286–7, 348,

366, 443, 716literary language, 113, 162, 185,

188, 227, 673literary networks, 129–47, 683literary periodicals, 594–615literary tastes, 21, 244–5, 583Literature Wales, 9, 601Little Johnny, 388–9Little Kingdom, The, 542liturgy, 196, 232, 234, 238, 240

Index

806


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Liu, Alan, 295Liverpool, 254, 258, 297, 345–6, 408–9, 499, 508,

510, 512, 517University, 423, 508, 510, 517

Lladd Duw, 681Llais Llyfrau, 670Y Llan, 536Llanbadarn Fawr, 27, 120Llancarfan, 27Llandaff, 14, 237Llanddeusant, 205Llanddewibrefi, 115, 131–2Llandeilo, 228, 337, 339, 430Llandeilo Fawr, 28, 117Llandeilo Vawr and its Neighbourhood, Past and

Present, 338Llandovery, 167, 312, 315, 321Llandysul, 596Llanelli, 204–5, 208, 358, 363Llangeitho, 132Llangobaith, 409Llangollen, 277, 309Llangwm, 309, 323Llanidloes, 123Llanilltud Fawr, 27Llanover, Lady, 257, 301Llanrhaeadr, 163Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant, 236–7Llansannan, 182, 232‘Llanw’, 684Llareggub, 482, 483llatai, 121–2, 123lledrith, 56, 66Lleidr Tân, 457Llên yr Uchelwyr, 518Y Llenor, 516, 538‘Llenyddiaeth Eingl-Gymreig’, 537‘Llew Llwyfo’, 345, 581Llewellyn, Richard, 395, 397, 643, 646Llewelyn, Michael Gareth, 397Llewelyn Jones, Arthur, 416Llewelyn Parri neu Y Meddwyn Diwygiedig,

345

Llewelyn-Williams, Hilary, 564, 566Lleweni, 163–4, 206, 233, 245Lliver Gweddi Gyffredin, 167, 183‘Lloches’, 686Y Llofrudd Iaith, 676Lloyd, David, 227, 589Lloyd, Vivian, 397Lloyd George, David, 362, 405, 410–13, 421,

424, 598, 642, 648Lloyd George, Megan, 361

Lloyd Owen, Gerallt, 8, 453–4, 507, 603,671, 684

Lloyd-Morgan, Ceridwen, 604Lloyds of Rhiwedog, 164Llwch, 588‘Llwybrau’, 612, 676‘y Llwybrau Gynt’, 537–8Llwyd, Alan, 8, 372, 383, 603–5, 607, 609–11,

685–6

Llwyd, Dafydd, 144Llwyd, Humphrey, 189, 219–20, 234Llwyd, Huw Cae, 142Llwyd, Iwan, 588, 605, 669–70, 672,

674

Llwyd, Morgan, 314Llwyd, Richard, 277, 285, 289, 298Llwyd, Sir Gruffydd, 115Llwyd Morgan, Elin, 605, 608llwyfan, 595, 609, 612‘Y Llwynog’, 371Llyfr Aneirin, 29, 130Llyfr Coch Hergest, 38, 78, 80, 101, 103, 116, 117,

133–4, 143, 144–6Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin, 28, 57, 129Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch, 21, 132Llyfr Rhetoreg Petrus Mosellanus, 223, 243Llyfr Taliesin, 33, 130llyfrawr, 54‘Llygad y Dydd yn Ebrill’, 524Llyn, Huw, 245Llyn, Wiliam, 6, 164, 221, 242Llyn Geirionydd, 276, 279Llyn Peninsula, 9, 200, 513‘Llys Owain Glyn Dwr’, 518Llywarch Hen, 34, 38–45,

272, 275, 291–2, 296Llywelyn, Robin, 607, 670–1,

673, 681–2Llywelyn, Tomas, 311Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, 20, 74,

106, 158, 639Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, 20, 22, 33, 95, 99, 101,

102, 112, 116, 131Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant, 115Llywelyn Fychan, 22, 132, 241Llywelyn Offeiriad, 114Llywelyn Prichard, T. J., 341loanwords, 53, 114, 120, 311local communities, 124, 158, 165, 376, 543,

662–3, 664local eisteddfodau, 268, 581, 609localism, 414, 492Y Lolfa, 596, 612

Index

807


www.cambridge.org



London, 6–8, 215–18, 219–24, 296–8, 335–7,454–6, 458–61, 473–5, 586–7, 649–56

publishers, 395, 595, 597–8, 599Tudor, 212–29Welsh, 217, 219, 266, 267, 288, 308, 455, 586–7

Lone Tree Lode, 412loneliness, 422, 425, 431, 435, 437–9, 440, 483,

576, 578Lonely Voice, The, 431Long Revolution, The, 560longing, 44, 318, 327, 368, 455, 624, 628, 672Lord of the Rings, 621lords, 22, 36, 40, 101–2, 139–40, 158, 163, 238,

621, 623Marcher, xxiv, 16, 21, 94, 114, 146, 158–9, 170

loss, 41–2, 82–3, 107, 112–13, 115–16, 379, 435–6,550, 552, 676–7

Louvain, 185, 188love, 117, 121–3, 181, 336, 338, 449, 450, 481, 482,

584–5

poetry, 116–17, 120, 123–4, 139, 147, 242,314, 685

sexual, 121–2Love and the Agitator, 423love-messengers, 117, 121lovers, 116–17, 121, 122–3, 318, 441, 469, 543Lownes, Robert, 226loyalism, 256, 259, 289, 293Loyalties, 399–400loyalty, 44, 114, 115, 139, 164–5, 168–9, 239, 289,

306, 451Lucan, 27Ludlow, 160lust, 454, 482, 520, 522Luther Martin, 181, 234, 310Lycett, Andrew, 477Lynch, Peredur, 369Lynch, Richard, 645lyric poetry, 43, 119, 702, 706lyrics, 102, 105, 293, 297, 319, 366, 368, 376,

704–6, 710

mab darogan, 74, 143–4, 158, 168Mabinogi/Mabinogion, xx–xxi, 55–6, 58–65, 67,

68, 73–84, 132, 134, 538, 589, 621–3,624–6

macaronic approach, 347, 684, 686, 700MacCarthy, Desmond, 474MacDonald, Elvey, 588McGuinness, Patrick, 440, 700Machen, Arthur, 415–19, 602, 626–8, 630, 633Macintyre Huws, Meirion, 672McKenna, Catherine, 74, 93

McKillip, Patricia A., 633Macnamara, Caitlin, 477Macpherson, James, 270, 291‘Mad Moll’, 430Maddocks, Ann, 347Made in Wales, 641madness, 462–3, 523Madog, 106, 367, 369, 623Madog ap Maredudd, 74, 102, 104, 106Maelgwn Gwynedd, 32Maelor Saesneg, 137, 157, 204‘Mae’n bwrw yn Toremolinos’, 670‘Mae’n gêm o ddau fileniwm’, 675Maes Mihangel, 450magazines, 8, 270, 344, 373, 389, 536, 602, 603,

606, 608magic, 52–69, 256, 620, 621, 624, 625–6, 631between fiction and reality, 53–6demonic, 53, 67historical, 53natural, 52, 53, 67wands, 62, 66

magical naturalism, 621, 630–1, 632–3magical powers, 57, 61, 62–3magical realism, 671, 682magical transformations, 61, 63magicians, 54, 59–60, 62, 64, 67–8, 623, 697, 701Maid of Cefn Ydfa, The, 347, 388Maiden Castle, 461‘Mair Fadlen’, 524malice, 400, 419, 540Malory, Thomas, 622‘Malu’, 672Mam iaith, 566Manafon, 533–4, 541Manawydan, 63, 73, 75–6, 81Manchester, 346, 437, 551, 648Mandeville, 705Mann, Thomas, 508Man’s Desiring, 398Man’s Estate, A, 542–3, 545Mansfield, Katherine, 438, 458manuscripts, 27–30, 33–4, 38, 78–80, 114–15,

129–30, 131–6, 142–4, 146, 180–1and monasteries, 130–5production, 6, 129, 131, 135, 142, 146, 215

Map of Love, The, 478maps, xxii, 289, 557, 619, 621, 697–8, 706, 711March, 5, 6, 135, 143, 144, 147–60, 204, 206,

221, 241Marcher lords, xxiv, 16, 21, 94, 114, 146,

158–9, 170Mardi Gras, 613–14

Index

808


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Maredudd ap polle ap John, 203Marfolaeth holl Brydyddion Cymru, 245marginality, 415, 431, 440, 698marginalization, 621, 671, 682markets, 7, 131, 309, 359, 397,

595, 625, 678American, 409, 581

Marks, Rhiannon, 605Marles, Gwilym, 479Marquand, Hilary, 363marriage, 198, 322, 336, 356, 359, 379, 420, 425,

626, 633Martell, Owen, 9, 677, 683Martha, Jac a Sianco, 679–80Martin, John, 271Marvell, Andrew, 227marvels, 52, 55–6, 625marwnad, 102, 123‘Marwnad Llywelyn ap Gruffudd’, 518‘Marwnad Owain’, 36‘Marwnad Siôn y Glyn’, 518‘Marwnat Dylan Eil Ton’, 77Marwoldeb, 372Marxism, 507, 518, 604–5, 607, 609, 674Mary, Queen, 182, 185, 188, 222Masefield, John, 477Massey, Doreen, 698–9, 706Masters, Edgar Lee, 482Math, 59–60, 62–7, 73, 77, 623, 626Mathias, Roland, 214, 485, 559, 561–2,

603

Maurice, 389Mawddwy, Siôn, 184, 245Mechain, Gwerfyl, 323‘Y Meddwl a’r Dychymyg Cymreig’,

615

media, 4, 638, 660, 662–3, 664–5, 707meditation, 323, 326, 401, 412, 448‘Meeting of the Bards, The’, 296Meibion Glyndwr, 498, 569, 670Meillet, Antoine, 184‘Y Meirwon’, 452Meistri a’u Crefft, 519Meistri’r Canrifoedd, 519Melbourne Writers’ Festival, 585Melog, 671memoirs, 413, 448, 449–50, 559, 560, 567,

588, 590memory, 97, 100, 459, 463, 480, 482, 560, 563,

570, 577cultural, 33, 413, 443national, 412–13, 687

Menai, Huw, 558

Menw son of Teirgwaedd, 59–61, 65, 68Merch Gwern Hywel, 520Merchant, W. Moelwyn, 537Mercia, 15, 41Merddin Embris, 169Meredith, Christopher, 395, 400, 439, 570–1,

602, 699Merfyn Frych, 15, 27Merioneth, 157, 161, 164, 207, 237, 243, 245, 358Merlin, 29, 43, 78, 129, 133, 168, 170, 356, 631Merlin Wyllt, 169, 462Merrick, Rice, 169Merriman, Catherine, 401, 441, 567, 570Merthyr Tydfil, 255, 259–60, 339, 357, 358, 391,

395, 398, 434, 438Metamorphoses, 64metamorphosis, 63, 64, 66, 67, 419metaphors, 61, 102, 370, 371, 382, 519, 524,

677, 684Methodism, 306–7, 310, 316, 322–4, 342, 638

Calvinistic, 266, 310, 408Methodist Revival, 166, 256, 306, 307, 312, 315,

316–17, 322metres, xix, 118–19, 125, 133, 136, 213, 300, 308,

313, 374cywydd, xx, 6, 118, 124, 133, 142, 212free, xix, 244, 269, 308, 310–11strict, xix, 300, 308–9, 310, 365, 368, 373, 381–3,

603, 608traditional, xx, 118, 457

metrical psalms, 167, 310–11, 313–15, 321Meurig Dafydd, 163‘Mewn Dau Gae’, 379–80, 453, 518Michael, Alun, 658, 663Michigan, 582, 586Middle Ages, 1, 9, 26, 52, 54, 59, 63, 95, 168,

176

early, 26late, xix, 4, 124, 147, 198, 217, 406, 458

middle classes, 254, 257, 260, 435, 436, 501, 543,559–60, 613

Middle Earth, 625, 632Middle Welsh, 30, 55–6, 66,

114, 182, 189, 234Midleton, William, 176migration, 256, 357, 422, 493, 535, 576–7,

682

Milan, 167, 185, 187Miles, Gareth, 588, 682milltir sgwâr, 433Milwr Bychan, 645mimicry, 508, 598Mimosa: A Narrative Based on Fact, 588

Index

809


www.cambridge.org



miners, 360, 388–90, 396, 399, 400, 426, 492,501, 644

mines, 3, 276, 358, 399, 535, 706Minhinnick, Robert, 564, 568–9mining, 359, 389, 391open-cast, 401, 646villages, 390, 397, 643

ministers, 345–6, 362, 363, 405, 407, 452, 548,550, 658, 662–3

Nonconformist, 314, 342, 423, 550minstrels, 162, 164miracles, 53, 55, 433Misfortunes of Elphin, The, 337misogyny, 74, 117, 463–4‘Mistake, The’, 442mobility, 8, 135, 244, 447, 455–6, 493, 544social, 217, 499, 546

mock biographies, 341, 347mockery, 121, 227, 345, 416, 455, 706, 709modern Welsh, 55, 186, 412, 460, 517, 596Modern Welsh Poetry, 558modernism, 369, 439–40, 446–64, 472, 475, 523–4beginnings of Welsh modernism, 447–50prose, 458–64

modernity, 446–8, 457, 459, 491, 493, 531–2, 534,546, 548, 626

modernization, 2, 18, 255–6, 406, 492, 493, 498,520, 641

and language, 497–500‘Modest Adornment, A’, 441Mold, 346, 348, 407, 410, 640monasteries, 18, 28, 96, 99, 107–8, 143, 146, 162,

176, 182Cistercian, 96–7, 98–9, 107, 108, 130and manuscripts, 130–5

monastic communities, 96, 132–3monastic scriptoria, 27, 33, 97, 130, 131, 135Moneg, Morfydd, 378money, 158, 203, 218, 244, 258, 390, 483, 594,

595, 644Monica, 425, 520–2Monmonier, Mark, 698Monmouthshire, 159–60, 195, 355, 359, 361,

415–16

Monmouthshire Merlin, 355Montgomeryshire, 164, 201, 204, 207, 285, 533moon, 122, 123, 464, 623Moonheart, 630morality, 198, 309, 323, 342, 408plays, 198–9, 309

Morfudd, 121–2, 347Morgan, Clare, 440–1, 567Morgan, Dafydd, 582

Morgan, Elaine, 647, 648Morgan, Eluned, 579, 587–8Morgan, Mihangel, 442, 607, 670–1, 673, 682Morgan, Prys, 253Morgan, Rhodri, 658Morgan, Robert, 400Morgan, William, 167, 169, 184, 236–7, 238, 243Morganwg, Iolo, 4, 124, 264, 267, 271, 289,

290–2, 293–7, 298, 301Moris ap William David, 200–1Morris, Kenneth, 622, 625–6Morris, Lewis, 269–70, 273–4Morris, William, 621Morris-Jones, John, 319, 366, 406, 517, 610, 673Morrison, Toni, 614mortality, 123, 372, 374, 382, 471Morte Darthur, 622Mortimer, Edmund, 137Mortimer, Roger, 716Mortimer’s Cross, 141Morwyn, 461Morys, Huw, 308–9, 312, 323Morys, Twm, 588, 672–3, 679, 683‘Most Moderate Lust, A’, 441Most Spyrytuall and Most Precious Pearle, A, 184Mostyn, William, 240Mostyns, 158, 163–4, 240motifs, 117, 120–1, 124, 392, 397, 455, 559, 623,

624–5, 632mountains, 36, 345, 371, 379, 409, 534, 563,

630–1, 696mourning, 40, 297, 432, 483Moving Being, 640Mr Cassini, 696, 700–1, 703Mudiad Adfer, 611multilingualism, 166Münster, Sebastian, 235murder, 16, 55, 204, 242, 344, 629, 676Murmuron Tragwyddoldeb a Chwningod

Tjioclet, 382Muscovy, 705Muse, Elan Grug, 688Museum of Disappearing Sounds, The, 709music, 4, 94, 299, 309, 366, 480, 623Musical and Poetical Relicks of the Welsh

Bards, 271musicians, 108, 240, 425, 474, 613, 630My Neighbours, 454My People, 3, 406–7, 426, 429, 431, 454, 587,

602

Myddelton, Sir Thomas, 206Myddeltons, 206, 208Myfyrian Archaiology, The, 299

Index

810


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‘Y Mynach’, 610Myrddin, 29, 37, 43, 115, 129, 273–5Myrddin ap Dafydd, 596mysteries, 22, 277, 312, 326, 379, 389, 417, 418,

627, 630mysticism, 327, 378, 621, 630myth, 168–9, 409–10, 520, 522, 534, 536, 622–3,

625, 631, 632–3‘Myth y Traddodiad Dethol’, 670mythology, 293, 440, 461, 473, 631, 634Myvyrian Archaiology, 273

nabobs, 258, 339namesbardic, 321, 342, 580Welsh, 19, 205, 341, 552, 577

‘Nancy on the Warpath’, 410o’r Nant, Twm, 309–10, 323, 538, 539–40, 638Narnia, 625, 632narratives, 98, 253, 279, 340, 425, 455, 548, 559narrators, 34, 40, 41–2, 44, 340–2, 440, 625, 627,

677, 679first-person, 343, 442

nasal mutation, 182Nashe, Thomas, 221national aspirations, 301, 495National Assembly, 1, 571, 655–7, 660, 661, 664national consciousness, 170, 502, 562, 639National Eisteddfod, xx, 370, 373, 516, 519, 587,

588, 595, 609–13, 614national identity, 107, 168–9, 428, 429, 500, 531,

532, 637–8, 645, 664–5National Library of Wales, 28–9, 33, 53, 57, 78,

130, 132, 135, 285, 286National Theatre Wales, 9, 521, 639, 641National Winner, 552nationalism, 290, 450–1, 495, 498, 509, 516,

520, 673cultural, 412–13, 451

nationality, 15, 261, 339, 560, 564nationhoodcivic, 491, 502debating, 491–502political, 496, 501

native traditions, 54, 68, 169, 265, 521nativity plays, 196–7natural world, 42, 122–3, 371, 376, 416, 471naturalism, magical, 621, 630–1, 632–3Navy Temple, 256Neath, 98, 257, 341, 358Neb, 538‘Y Nef a Fu’, 367neologisms, xx, 182, 187, 234, 237, 239, 286

neo-romanticism, 440networked communities, 529, 533networks, 99, 287, 323

literary, 129–47, 683Neuburg, Victor, 470New English Weekly, 477new media, 9, 662, 688New Testament, 167, 183, 222–4, 225, 234–5,

236–7

New Welsh Review, 568, 603, 605New York, 8, 299, 348, 423, 446, 455, 482, 581,

584–5, 590New Yorker, The, 585New Zealand, 474Newbery Award for books, 589Newbery Honor, 589Newport, 260, 355, 358, 395, 396, 412–13, 417,

645

newspapers, 256–7, 286, 388, 431, 578–9, 645,662, 663

Ngugi wa Thiong’o, 550, 599‘Nightgown’, 434, 436nihilism, 421, 675nineteenth century, 7–8, 213, 300–1, 306–7,

321–2, 346–9, 428–30, 577–9, 583–4,619–21

ninth century, 36, 41, 56, 98, 291Nonconformism, 3–4, 261, 306–7, 313–16, 361,

388–9, 405–6, 545–6, 550–1, 609–10Nonconformist chapels, 306, 388Nonconformist culture, 342, 407, 545, 547–8Nonconformist ministers, 314, 342, 423, 550Nonconformist nation, 261, 361, 405, 407, 424,

426, 546, 674non-Welsh audiences, 220, 221, 456, 598non-Welsh speakers, 214, 223, 498–500, 540,

551, 613, 622Norman conquest, 27, 28, 36, 74, 275Norman settlements, 5, 28, 75Normans, 4, 14, 16–18, 75, 84–93, 95, 114, 137,

240, 570Norris, Leslie, 436, 438, 561, 577–8, 585–6North, Kate, 441north Wales, 162, 240–1, 242, 254, 255, 461–2,

550, 642–3, 648, 649north-east Wales, 13, 23, 131, 136, 308–9, 312,

538, 541, 546–7, 548–9Northern Ireland, 267, 515, 645, 657Northey, Siân, 685, 688north-west Wales, 33, 117, 188, 289, 380, 393,

422, 493, 513, 611nostalgia, 44, 297, 397, 401, 448, 451, 455,

479–81, 583–4, 606

Index

811


www.cambridge.org



Not That He Brought Flowers, 453notebooks, 222, 438, 469–70, 482, 708novellas, 394, 419, 425, 430, 440, 718novels, 335–49, 388–9, 394–5, 397–400, 402,

587–9, 601, 631, 632–3, 681–2industrial, 3, 394

Nuts and Bolts, 649

Ó Cadhain, Máirtín, 464O Gorlannau y Defaid, 348O Gors y Bryniau, 422O Law i Law, 394O! Tyn y Gorchudd, 612, 678, 680O’Brien, Flann, 464Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty,

292

Observations on the River Wye, 276Observer, The, 508occult, 53–4, 68, 419, 623, 627O’Connor, Frank, 431, 435, 439‘Ode on the Mythology of the Ancient British

Bards’, 293odes, 270–1, 273, 275, 285, 293, 373, 582, 583Off to Philadelphia in the Morning, 391Offa’s Dyke, 15, 492Ofn fy Het, 672, 679Ohio, 584old age, 38, 434, 548–50Old and the Young, The, 440Old Fireproof, 412Old North, xxii, 3, 14, 29–30, 31, 34, 68, 94Old Testament, 184, 224, 236–7, 318, 326, 576Old Welsh, 28, 30, 34, 54, 137, 169, 460Old Welsh Evangelist, The, 409Oll Synnwyr Pen Kembero Ygyd, 169, 180–1,

223, 233On the Study of Celtic Literature, 52‘One Warm Saturday’, 478Ong, Walter, 702online world, 608, 662, 717oppression, 20, 93, 264, 271, 394, 715optimism, 497, 501, 669, 676, 678O’r Harbwr Gwag i’r Cefnfor Gwyn, 671O’r Pedwar Gwynt, 608, 687oral culture, 161–2, 168oral tradition, 27, 59, 107, 270, 313oral transmission, 32, 61, 167, 176‘Orange Grove, The’, 437Order of the Golden Dawn, 417Orestes-Electra myth, 545Orleton, Adam, 194–6Ormond, John, 558, 561ornamentation, 104, 116, 119

orthography, 34, 186, 218, 224, 237, 285, 406Osborne, Huw, 442‘Oscar’, 394–6Oscars, 643, 645–6Osmond, John, 660Ossianic poetry, 270, 275Oswestry, 6, 125,

143, 170, 221, 552Other Land: Contemporary Poems on Wales and

Welsh American Experience, 589otherworld, 567, 587, 631–2Ottawa, 630Outside the House of Baal, 548–50, 552outsiders, 220, 278, 300, 401, 409, 415, 435–6,

440, 441, 544–5overseas trade, 358, 363Ovid, 27, 64, 120Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri, 22, 116Owain Gwynedd, 18, 104, 106, 237Owain Lawgoch, 22, 116Owein neu Iarlles y Ffynnawn, 73, 77, 78–81Owen, Daniel, 345–7, 348–9, 388, 407–8, 410,

582, 588, 688Owen, David, 346Owen, Elizabeth, 583Owen, Goronwy, 273–4, 277, 300Owen, Sir Hugh, 610Owen, James, 314Owen, Karen, 676Owen, Llwyd, 611, 681, 683Owen, Phyllis, 588Owen, Roger, 640Owen, William, 227, 335Owen Glendower, 461Owen Rees, 408–9Owl Service, The, 629Oxford, 78, 177–8, 185, 188, 214, 215, 219, 221,

366, 447

Pa gur, 57, 59pacifism, 294, 368, 376, 380, 437, 639pagans, 83, 138, 567, 621pageants, 196, 411pain, 44, 325, 335, 342, 368, 373, 421, 524Pallas, Simon, 276pamphlets, 285, 286, 316, 318, 320, 578Pan, 416Pantglas, 682Panton, Paul, 273Pantycelyn, see Williams of Pantycelyn,

Williampapurau bro, 662Paradise Lost, 270

Index

812


www.cambridge.org



Parcrhydderch, 132–3Paris, 167, 189, 227, 335, 421, 446–7, 458, 681parish churches, 167, 205, 236parliamentary representation, 159, 292, 360parochialism, 458, 700parodies, 227, 346–7Parry, Gwenlyn, 640, 644, 648Parry, John, 297Parry, Richard, 167, 184, 237Parry, Sir Thomas, 216Parry, T. Emrys, 373Parry, Thomas, 1–2Parry, Robert Williams, 454Parry, Winnie, 349Parry-Williams, T.H., 366–7, 383, 421, 447, 458,

521, 611Parthian Books, 442, 596, 602passion, 196–8, 207, 307, 318–19, 410, 460, 709Patagonia, 576, 578–9, 582, 587–8Paternoster, 181pathos, 479, 480, 645patriotism, 188, 288, 414patronage, 112–13, 114, 116, 118, 130–1, 135–6,

146–7, 162, 244, 638–9aristocratic, 254, 287bardic, 161, 162, 163crisis, 115, 118

patrons, 101–2, 106–12, 124–47, 163, 242, 244peace, 115, 241, 289, 292–4, 325, 368, 379–80,

608, 626‘Peaches, The’, 478Peacock, Thomas Love, 337, 339–40Pearson, Mike, 640Pearson Finnemore, Emily, 435‘Peasant, A’, 534‘Y Peilon’, 371Pembroke, 139–40, 158, 186, 357Pembrokeshire, 158, 164, 245, 258, 355, 376, 377,

379, 542, 569pencerdd/penceirdd, 168, 241–2,

299, 570, 603Pencil of Nature, The, 257Penda of Mercia, 41Penderyn, Dic, 399Penguin, 380, 430, 433, 561Penguin Book of Welsh Verse, The, 561Pengwern, 41penillion telyn, 313Penman, Shannon Kay, 589Penmynydd, 116, 124, 141–2, 158Penn, William, 166Pennant, Richard, 258Pennant, Thomas, 255, 276

Pennant Family, The, 338Pennsylvania, 166Penny, Anne, 275–6, 279Penrhyn, 158, 258, 422Penry, John, 165, 220–2, 236Penyberth, 372, 433, 513, 639perceptions, 1, 15, 19, 232, 266, 665, 673, 676,

697, 699Percy, Thomas, 270Peredur, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80–1performance, 32, 34, 94, 103, 122, 194–208, 482,

521–3

bardic, 206–7periodicals, 4, 7, 292, 298, 413, 579, 594–5,

600–1, 602–3, 604–6Perlesvaus, 114Perry, W.J., 379Pethau Patagonia, 588Petit, Pascale, 705petitions, 221, 245, 258, 678Petrograd, 681Petrus Mosellanus/Schade, 223, 243Phèdre, 522philistinism, 367, 424philology, 26, 267, 406philosophy, 64, 118, 293, 603photography, 257, 569, 589, 705Phylip, Rhisiart, 244–5Phylip, Siôn, 164, 242Picador, 601piety, 311, 313, 408–9Pigau’r Sêr, 450Pigeon, 688, 700pilgrimages, 93, 117, 123, 163, 165, 181, 233, 316,

318–19, 373Pilgrim’s Progress, 319, 343Piper, Ivonne, 441pits; see also coal, 375, 389, 390, 400, 436, 492,

643, 645plague, 22, 237Plaid Cymru, 424, 491, 495–6, 497–8, 507–8,

510–12, 587, 588, 656, 659Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru, 362, 510–11, 513Planet, 561, 603, 605Plantin, Christopher, 236Playboy of the Western World, The, 455playing places, 204, 207A playne and a familar Introduction, 223, 225,

236, 238plays

biblical, 194–8morality, 198–9, 309school, 202–3

Index

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playwrights, 507, 510, 521–2, 523, 637, 639, 641,647–8, 681

pluralism, cultural, 160, 530plygain carols, 311–12Pobol y Cwm, 648Pocock, Robert, 484Poe, Edgar Allan, 428‘Poem in October’, 480–1Poems, Lyric and Pastoral, 293poems, 457, see poetry.poems of request, 121, 136, 147poetic space-places, 705, 711poetic tradition, 4, 114, 270, 271, 518poetry, 28–30, 31–40, 100–12, 115–29, 242–5,

365–73, 375–82, 468–79, 579–82, 583–7bardic, 44court, see court poetryEnglish, 365, 456, 485epic, 270, 316free-metre, 164, 167, 177, 244, 308, 311–12,

321, 587love, 116–17, 120, 123–4, 139, 147, 242, 314, 685lyric, 43, 119, 702, 706Ossianic, 270, 275political, 135, 372, 580praise, 26, 33–4, 101–2, 112–13, 124, 131–2,

137–8, 140–1, 144–7, 163–4process, 469, 470–1, 475, 481prophetic, 54, 101, 139, 144religious, 136, 164, 242, 311, 321, 324, 375,

524, 580revolution, 468–85saga, 26, 42slam, 685

Poetry Wales, 8, 561–2, 563, 569, 585, 596, 600,602–3, 605

poetschief, see pencerdd/penceirddcourt, 6, 94–5, 96, 102, 105–6, 132, 135, 144,

146–7, 570–1professional, xix, 6, 34, 54, 94, 163–4, 176–7,

180, 519of the princes, 34, 94, 101

Poet’s Corner, 470Pole, Archbishop, 188policies, economic, 451, 508, 516political autonomy, 94, 99, 680political climate, 21, 280, 570political expediency, 495, 659political identity, 191, 502political movements, 253, 260, 510, 716political poetry, 135, 372, 580political radicalism, 447, 454

political self-determination, 452, 501, 508politicians, 261, 362–3, 507–9, 511, 521, 525, 660,

664, 678politicization, 292, 411, 507, 683politics, 392, 393, 397–8, 400, 429, 431, 442,

536–7, 657, 658–60Pontardawe, 374Pontcanna Studios, 648popular culture, 286, 307, 323, 328, 391, 509popularity, 131, 165, 167, 196, 213, 244, 310–11,

313, 347, 589population, 216–17, 254, 259, 261, 306–7, 349,

356, 498, 499, 686–7Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog, 436,

478, 479ports, 165, 259, 416–17post-1536 Wales, 176, 179, 188, 190post-1945 period, 493–4, 498, 502post-devolution Wales, 678, 681–2post-industrialism, 400–2postmodernism, 518, 607, 670, 671–2, 673–5,

680–2, 687postmodernist experimentation, 607, 674post-Roman Wales, 3, 27poststructuralism, 607, 674, 697, 707Pound, Ezra, 456poverty, 162, 205, 422, 433–4, 436, 451, 453,

463–4, 601Povey, Michael, 648Powel, David, 169Powell, Anthony, 474Powell, Nia, 672Powell, Richard, 285Powell, Vavasor, 166, 313power, 20–1, 23–6, 55, 64, 95, 105–6, 254–5,

494–5, 522–3, 655–7cultural, 75, 107, 446and land, 254–5magical, 57, 61, 62–3political, 255, 620supernatural, 80, 412

Powys, 14, 17–18, 22, 34, 41, 74, 94, 102, 104–6,461–2

Powys, John Cowper, 461PR (proportional representation), 657–8praise, formal, 147, 225praise poetry, 26, 33–4, 101–2, 112–13, 124, 131–2,

137–8, 140–1, 144–7, 163–4Prayer Book, 183, 235–6, 237, 238, 348prayers, 102, 225, 307, 311, 408, 411, 481preachers, 310, 342, 347, 349, 390, 427, 646precision, 52, 58, 206, 440, 448Preiddeu Annwn, 36, 57, 58–9

Index

814


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prejudice, 317, 342, 348, 417, 649Prescott, Sarah, 335‘Preseli’, 376–7prestige, 16, 94, 177, 245, 268, 421Price, Adam, 512Price, Angharad, 176, 447, 607, 612, 677,

678–80, 682, 684Price, Ellis, 241Price, Hugh, 411Price, Richard, 207, 292Price, Thomas, 301Price, William, 390, 560Prices of Newtown, 164Prichard, Caradog, 393, 458, 462, 587Prichard, John, 474Prichard, Rhys, 167, 312, 314, 321Prichard, Vicar, 313Prifeirdd, 603Prifysgol y Werin, 609–10Primrose Hill, 254, 290princes of Gwynedd, 17, 19–20, 29, 101, 106,

130, 367princes of Wales, 20, 22, 36, 226, 254, 335,

411, 500Print of a Hare’s Foot, 390, 560printing, 4, 6–7, 179, 189, 212–13, 216, 226, 235,

236, 268provincial, 7, 215, 226in Welsh, 6, 213, 216–17, 222, 239

Priscian, 118Prise, Sir John, 169, 178, 182, 189Pritchard, Dafydd John, 685Pritchard, Elfyn, 677Pritchard, Llewelyn, 213Pritchard Jones, Harri, 393privileges, 27–8, 112, 142, 159, 179, 186, 233, 245,

543, 551privy council, 216, 236prizes, 24, 108, 582, 587, 612, 638, 648, 688‘Pro Patria’, 368process poems, 469, 470–1, 475, 481productioncultural, 1, 2, 4, 129–30, 142, 458, 718industrial, 358, 453

professional bards, 118, 176, 237, 242–4, 308professional poets, xix, 6, 34, 54, 94, 163–4,

176–7, 180, 519Y Proffwyd a’i Ddwy Jesebel, 682Proffwydoliaeth Fyrddin, 78–9‘Prologue to an Adventure’, 468, 477propaganda, 124, 144, 411, 479, 515, 644‘Propaganda’r Prydydd’, 372property, 160, 196, 240, 341, 626, 699

prophecy, 37–8, 54, 83–4, 124, 129, 136, 143–4,147, 168, 170

prophetic poetry, 54, 101, 139, 144proportional representation (PR), 657–8Proposals for Printing by Subscription a Collection

of Writings in the Welsh Tongue, to theBeginning of the Sixteenth Century, 268

prose, 113–14, 134, 146–7, 167–8, 170, 298, 300,413–14, 520, 670–1

medals, 612, 678, 681prosperity, 14, 160, 359prostitution, 425, 520protest, 255, 259, 498, 500, 512–13, 596, 601, 678,

700, 705Protestant humanists, 169, 182–6Protestantism, 166, 169, 178–9, 181, 183, 185,

187, 189–90, 232–5, 261Protheroe, John, 388Proud Valley, The, 643proverbs, 81, 132, 178, 180–1providence, 44, 336, 343Pryce, Malcolm, 700Prydain, 623–4pryddest, xxi, 453, 587, 610–11Prydydd y Moch, 67, 105–6Prys, Edmwnd, 6, 163, 167, 176, 243–4, 310, 315Prys, Thomas, 243Prys, Tomos, 176Prysor, Dewi, 681Prytherch, Iago, 533–4, 536Prytherch, Owen, 410psalms, 176, 310, 313–14, 326–7Psalter, 234, 237psychics, 417, 701psychoanalysis, 409, 417, 508psychogeography, 26, 709public revels, 207–8publishers, 238, 335, 397, 471, 589, 596, 625, 717

English, 391, 394, 401, 598publishing, 347, 348, 454, 458, 567–8, 581, 601–2,

604, 606, 614–15industry, 594–615Welsh, 178–9, 458, 562, 581, 583, 594, 717Welsh presses publishing in English,

595–602

pubs, 549–50, 559, 672Puddicombe, Anne Adeliza, see Raine, AllenPugh, Sheenagh, 563–5, 566, 568, 602Pughe, William Owen, 291–2, 299, 301Pulestons, 137, 140Puncheston, 376–7punning, 207, 270, 703Puritanism, 165–6, 239, 313, 452, 463

Index

815


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Purslowe, George, 226Pwyll, 55–6, 73, 74–6, 461, 622, 626, 632

Quakers, 166, 347, 378quarries, 204, 359, 422, 463, 535, 581, 643Queen of the Rushes, 420queer short stories, 441–2Queer Wales, 442‘Quilt, The’, 434

race, 3, 291, 441, 530, 533,540, 622, 632, 660

Racine, 515, 521racism, 429, 678radicalism, 256, 293, 306, 310, 320, 447, 454radio, 449, 455, 479, 482, 542, 546–7, 584, 588,

640, 646–7lectures, 512

Raglan, 139–40, 165railways, 261, 355, 358, 359–60Raine, Allen, 229, 348–9, 389, 419–20,

430–2, 599Random Births and Love Hearts, 683Random Deaths and Custard, 683rape, 62, 336, 368, 397, 476Rape of the Fair Country, 397Ray of Darkness, A, 560readersEnglish, 269, 340, 408–9, 432, 533, 541, 597,

598, 716English-language, 270, 433, 529, 533, 540, 544,

551, 553, 717readerships, 213, 233, 339, 348, 367, 430, 544,

546–7, 588, 686see also audiences.intended, 529, 541, 544, 547, 551, 553

realism, 368, 396, 631, 670, 672, 673, 682, 684attenuated, 674bourgeois, 455magical, 671, 682socialist, 396

realities, 118, 244, 262, 418, 499harsh, 429, 642–3

Rebecca movement, 260Rebecca Rioter, The, 348, 599Rebecca Riots, 337rebellions, 23–4, 129, 136–9, 163, 170, 203,

259, 659rebirth, 122, 669–70, 676–8, 687cauldron of, 68, 624, 626

reconciliation, 324–5, 685reconstructions, 31, 36, 79, 363, 492, 502,

561, 709

Red Book of Hergest, 38–40, 78–82, 83–4, 101,103, 116, 117, 133–5, 143, 146

Red Hills, The, 390redemption, 312, 318, 627, 629referenda, 3, 495–7, 564, 571, 655–8, 661–2, 670,

675, 687, 697reform, 165, 167, 216, 259, 290, 295–6, 322, 428Reform Act (1832), 260Reformation, 2, 6–7, 130, 147, 164–5, 169,

178, 311‘Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a

Child in London, A’, 478regeneration, 412, 670, 678, 687relics, 20, 423, 533, 535, 620religion, 157, 160, 162, 166, 168, 169, 176, 232–3,

306, 582–3religious beliefs, 169, 289, 550religious life, 177, 316, 394, 408religious poetry, 116, 118, 136, 139, 311, 312, 315,

321, 324, 580religious revivals, 261, 307, 345, 361, 405, 642religious verse, see religious poetryreligious writing, 1, 6, 78–9, 133, 169, 342Remains of a Future City, 709‘Reminiscences of Childhood’, 479renewal, 225, 288, 307, 366, 412, 517, 583‘Reservoirs’, 454resistance, 3, 37, 264, 271, 376–8, 390, 394, 401,

536, 570Restoration, 168, 226, 312, 611resurrection, 68, 479, 632return journeys, 378, 455–6, 479‘Returning to Goleufryn’, 456Revelation, 183, 235, 319, 380revivalscultural, 99, 101, 108, 286, 288Methodist, 166, 256, 306, 307, 312, 315, 322religious, 261, 307, 345, 361, 405, 642

revolution, 253, 290, 498Rhaid i bopeth newid, 678, 680Rhapsody, 425, 439Rheged, 14, 31, 34–5, 40rhetoric, 44, 181, 184, 191, 222–3, 261, 382, 395,

475, 496Rhiannon, 56, 61, 76, 626rhieingerddi, 117Rhigyfarch ap Sulien, 17, 93Rhisiart Sion, 227Rhondda, 225, 390, 400, 426, 453, 459, 492,

547, 707Rhondda Roundabout, 391‘Rhos y Pererinion’, 368Rhoscomyl, Owen, 412

Index

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Rhosyn a Rhith, 645Rhuddlan, 16, 20, 157Rhwng Gwyn a Du, 677Rhydcymerau, 432, 451–2Rhydderch, Francesca, 602, 605, 700Rhydderch, Samantha Wynne, 705Rhydderch ab Ieuan Llwyd, 21, 123, 133,

134–5

‘Rhyddid’, 285, 288, 289, 675‘Rhyfedd, rhyfedd gan angylion’, 324, 326–7Rhyl, 542, 642rhymes, 104, 119–20, 270, 300, 309, 381, 524half, 378internal, xix, 104, 116, 119, 539–40

rhyming couplets, xx, 447, 483Rhys, Iwan, 685Rhys, John, 406Rhys, Keidrych, 362, 397, 439, 468, 477, 536,

558, 603Rhys, Manon, 604, 671, 673Rhys, Morgan, 321Rhys, Morgan John, 256–7Rhys, Prosser, 610Rhys, Siôn Dafydd, 187, 243–5Rhys ap Tewdwr, 17, 93Rhys ap Thomas, 158Rhys Lewis, 346, 388, 408Rhys Williams, Dafydd, 583rhythms, 373, 378, 381, 449, 452, 475, 480, 485,

706, 710Richard ap Hywel, 240Richard II, 136–7Richard III, 141, 144–6, 158Richard Commission, 656Richards, Alun, 599Richards, W. D., 409Riddle-Master, 633Riefenstahl, Leni, 644El riflero de Ffos Halen, 588Rilke, Rainer Maria, 586River out of Eden, 391rivers, 277, 318, 391, 435, 512, 629, 700, 707–8Road to Sixty, The, 589roads, 13, 200, 260, 315, 358, 425, 570, 589Robert, Gruffydd, 169, 185–6, 187–8Roberts, Cefin, 640Roberts, Eigra Lewis, 640Roberts, Eleazar, 408Roberts, Ellis, 309Roberts, Evan, 345, 405, 420, 426, 642, 644,

646

Roberts, Guto, 648Roberts, Gwyneth, 399

Roberts, John, 285Roberts, Kate, 7, 393, 402, 422, 430, 432–4, 448,

515–16, 520, 530Roberts, Lleucu, 684Roberts, Lynette, 439, 447, 468, 558, 561Roberts, Peter, 160, 170Roberts, R. Silyn, 366Roberts, W. George, 405Roberts, Wilbert Lloyd, 640Roberts, Wiliam Owen, 600, 605, 607, 670,

673, 674, 681Roberts Jones, Sally, 558, 561, 564, 566Robeson, Paul, 643Robinson, Mary, 335Robinson Crusoe, 343Rodaway, Paul, 709Rogers, James, 258romance heroes, 114, 137, 147romances, 73, 74, 76, 79, 132–3, 389, 391, 420,

429, 432continental, 58, 68, 622historical, 347, 461, 588silver-spoon, 389

Romans, 14, 121, 227, 240, 266, 275, 292, 417Romantic movement, 310, 369–70, 373–4, 601,

619–20, 634Romantic Wales, 285–301Rome, 78, 83, 114, 159, 176,

185, 188–90, 290, 460‘Room 321’, 710‘Rooms, The’, 710Rose Mervyn of Whitelake, 337Rosenthal, M. L., 471Rowland, Jenny, 41Rowlands, Dafydd, 375Rowlands, John, 369, 518, 607,

611, 615, 671, 674royal courts, 112–13, 289Royal Institution of South Wales, 257Royal Navy, 358, 411, 585Rubens, Bernice, 567, 599rugby, 500–2, 696ruins, 27, 40–1, 44, 98, 257, 272–3, 277, 368,

369, 471Run For Your Money, A, 644rural areas, 358, 375, 493, 565rural communities, 448–9, 679, 686rural culture, 533–4rural landscape, 413, 565, 700rural life, 439, 448, 452, 610rural society, 254–5, 448rural Wales, 200, 260, 345, 448, 454, 559, 583,

638, 679, 718

Index

817


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ruralism, 450Rushdie, Salman, 614Ruthin, 23, 136, 201, 208, 236

S4C, 645, 649, 664Saer Doliau, 640saga poetry, 26, 38, 42sagas, 38, 42–4, 389, 391, 398‘Y Saig’, 369saints, 53, 54, 80, 83, 98, 103, 114, 118, 164–5,

627–8

Salesbury, Henry, 180Salesbury, William, 6, 166–7, 169, 178, 180, 186,

220, 222–4, 225, 243Salisbury, Eurig, 685Salisbury, Thomas, 237Salusbury, David, 163Salusbury, Sir Henry, 245Salusbury, Sir John, 245Salusbury, Sir Roger, 240Salusbury, Sir Thomas, 206Salusburys of Lleweni, Rug, and Bachymbyd,

163–4, 206, 208, 233, 245salvation, 79, 190, 315,

319, 326, 327, 684Samothes, 169Samwell, David, 300Sandby, Paul, 257sandcastle dynasty, 348, 431‘Y Sant’, 421, 610Sarn-y-Plas, 9satire, 74, 117, 139, 147, 163, 242, 406, 482,

675

satyrs, 417, 418Saunders, Corinne, 52, 68Saunders, Sara Maria, 410, 430Saunderson, Irene, 388, 389Saxons, xxii, 5, 15, 26, 30, 33, 37, 83, 266, 417school plays, 202–3schoolmasters, 201, 273, 285, 289, 321, 435, 474schools, 107, 202–3, 244, 256, 418, 519–20, 562,

588, 606, 628primary, 499, 531

science, 57, 257, 355, 410, 416, 419, 508, 582–3scientific verse, 243Scotland, 22, 26, 29, 124, 136–7, 265, 267, 620,

656–7, 660Scotsman, The, 299Scott, Sir Walter, 260, 295Scottish Parliament, 497, 655Scout’s Story, A, 412Scranton, 580, 582–3scribes, 30, 33, 38, 78, 80, 95, 97, 129, 131–2, 134–5

clerically trained, 131, 143monastic, 131, 133

scriptures, 105, 166, 169, 181, 183, 225, 233–4,310, 326

Scudamore family, 140Scully, Roger, 665Seafarer, The, 44seagulls, 102, 119, 121, 382, 480, 697seasons, 122–3, 244, 245, 285, 480, 534, 649Second Chance, 567Second Generation, 399, 560Second World War, 355, 360, 361–2, 438–9, 551,

559, 585, 640, 643, 646Secret Glory, The, 418, 627–8, 630secretary of state for Wales, 495, 511, 562, 658sedition, 260, 293seiadau profiad, 315seiat, 315, 321, 409Seith Doethion Rhufein, 78Selection of Welsh Melodies, A, 297self-determination, 8–9, 511, 525, 675political, 452, 501, 508

self-government, 507, 687self-mockery, 117, 121sensibility, 340, 413, 421, 425, 588, 715Sensuous Glory, 375Seren, 596, 601Seren Tan Gwmmwl, 285Seren Wen ar Gefndir Gwyn, 607, 671sermons, 4, 165, 170, 310–12, 342, 344, 345, 347,

348, 579Seward, Anna, 277, 300sexual love, 121–2sexuality, 463, 483, 560, 567, 585Sglefrio ar Eiriau, 607Shakespeare, William, 199, 226, 228, 245–6,

471, 482, 515, 516–17, 519, 521–2shame, 61, 63, 442, 453, 611, 700, 705shapeshifting, 60, 62, 65, 416, 493, 697Sheepshagger, 700Sheers, Owen, 602Shepherd’s Hey, 430Sherman Theatre, 640Shifts, 400, 570–1, 602, 699ships, 16, 313, 341, 359, 587–8shipwrecks, 337, 340–1, 343Shop, The, 542Shopland, Norena, 442short fiction, 428–9, 438, 440, 441–3, 583, 589short stories, 7–8, 389, 425–43, 448, 449, 462,

585, 587Shrewsbury, 7, 17, 20, 140,

168, 204, 221, 254, 314

Index

818


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Shropshire, 41, 484Sidney, Sir Henry, 241Sidney, Sir Philip, 220, 240, 241Siege of Thebes, 139silent cinema, 642Silk Commission, 657, 664Sin Eater, The, 567singing, 140, 146–7, 311–13, 314–15, 322, 343, 434,

559, 581, 643Singing Hills, The, 589sins, 66, 168, 289, 319, 523, 598Siôn ap Madog Pilstwn, 137–8Sitwell, Edith, 476–7Siwan, 514, 521, 522–3, 525, 639Skene, William Forbes, 26, 27, 28–9, 38skills, 106, 186, 348, 379, 381, 641, 664verbal, 106, 396

Skoulding, Zoë, 605, 708–11skylarks, 121, 376, 379slag, 374, 397, 400slate industry, 258, 359, 380, 393–4, 401, 494,

643

slate-fields strike, 393–4, 400, 401slave trade, 258, 320slavery, 258, 344, 580, 626Sleepers, 631, 632‘Sleeping Lord, The’, 460, 461Sliding, 438Small Country, A, 566–7Small Mine, The, 398Smith, Captain John, 227Smith, Dai, 391, 395, 397, 442, 600, 602, 604Smith, G. Eliot, 379Smithsonian Folklife Festival, 587Smouldering Hills, The, 398Smyth, Rhosier, 189Snowdon, Bard of, 285Snowdonia, 200, 276, 289, 343, 421, 542Soave, Mónica, 588social commentary, 580, 680social elites, see elitessocial mobility, 217, 499, 546social order, 44, 96, 125, 176, 240–1social responsibility, 373, 522socialism, 3, 360, 393, 423, 659socialist realism, 396Society of Ancient Britons, 266, 269soldiers, 36, 221, 227, 368, 412, 551Solomon a Gaenor, 646Some Specimens of the Poetry of the AntientWelsh

Bards, 270Son of Judith, 349, 389, 423Song at the Year’s Turning, 539

Song of Solomon, 314, 318songs, 269, 270, 271–2, 306–7, 311–12, 314, 318,

325, 367, 539sonnets, 366, 371, 372, 374, 447, 485sons of prophecy, 74, 143, 158, 168Sophocles, 515Sorbonne, 406, 447Sorrow for Thy Sons, 394–5, 600souls, 63, 66, 67, 198, 314, 316, 318, 319,

325–6, 626South Africa, 362, 474, 568south Wales, 27–8, 166, 258, 321, 349–56, 358–9,

393–5, 559–60, 584–5, 642–3South Wales Evening Post, 469, 473, 478South Wales Railway, 355south-east Wales, 167, 312south-west Wales, 28, 167, 312, 397, 485, 542sovereignty, 37, 75–6, 82–3, 99, 113, 144, 191, 292space-places, poetic, 705, 711Spain, 186, 393Spanish Civil War, 643Spender, Stephen, 477, 484sponsorship, 470, 594Spoon River Anthology, 482square mile, 433, 450–1, 696, 697St Asaph, 118, 124, 182–4, 227, 234, 237, 242, 285,

288, 289–90St David, 23, 27, 93, 97, 98–9, 103, 167, 170, 225,

234–5

St David’s Day, 167, 266, 498, 648stage directions, 197, 198–9‘Stain, The’, 708Y Stamp, 608, 688Star Chamber, 204–5, 215Stars of the Revival, The, 409starvation, 390, 684State of Desire, 401, 570stateless nation, 491, 500Stationers’ Charter, 215Stationers’ Register, 226status, 18, 21, 22, 27, 141, 177, 235, 239, 241,

245

official, 167, 310social, 130, 408

Statute of Gruffudd ap Cynan, 206, 241Statute of Rhuddlan, 157Stead, Peter, 643steel, 3, 358–60, 375, 421, 665Stein, Gertrude, 447Stephens, Elan Closs, 639, 641, 647Stephens, Meic, 337, 561–2, 600, 603Stephens, Thomas, 301Still Waters, The, 430

Index

819


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Stomp, 685stones, 53, 57, 138, 224, 378, 425, 524, 534,

629, 706Stones of the Field, The, 534, 538Storïau’r Tir, 433, 448Y Storïwr, 681Storm at Arberth, 567storytelling, 75, 100, 344, 460Stradlings, 158, 165Strand Films, 478Strata Florida, 18, 96–7, 98–9, 107, 108, 113,

131–3, 368, 704Strata Marcella, 19, 29Strathclyde, 14, 30, 32stream-of-consciousness fragments, 681strict metres, xix, 300, 308–9, 310, 365, 368, 373,

381–3, 603, 608Strike for a Kingdom, 398strikes, 32, 369, 372, 391, 398–9, 400, 422–3,

614

General Strike, 426, 453, 560Miners’ Strike, 494, 569

‘Stryd Pleser’, 611Stump, 700subversion, 75, 406, 461, 674, 687, 700, 701,

705

Suggett, Richard, 53Sulien, 27Sullivan, C. W., 589Summer Day, A, 433sun, 35, 103, 119, 122, 181, 296–7, 313, 347,

381–2, 452Sunday Referee, 470Sunday Times, 476supernatural, 26, 52, 54–6, 57–8, 61, 67–8, 84,

278, 418, 619supernatural powers, 80, 412Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian

Literature, 568Swansea, 205, 208, 257, 336, 355, 357, 455–6, 468,

473–4, 479Swansea Grammar School, 436Swn y Gwynt Sy’n Chwythu, 453Sycharth, 125, 136symbolism, 125, 395, 398, 456, 475, 495, 497symbols, 327, 336, 374, 376, 379, 381, 417, 418,

549, 550Symudliw, 681Syndicalism, 423Synge, J. M., 424, 449, 455Synopsis of Quadrupeds, 276‘Synopsis of the Great Welsh Novel’, 559syntax, 116, 120, 182, 225, 471, 481

Tabulae de schematibus et tropis, 222Tacitus, 265Taff Acre, 648Talbot, Henry Fox, 257Taliesin, xix–xx, 3–4, 32–4, 36, 40, 43, 101–2, 105,

273–6, 630Taliesin Tradition, The, 9, 542‘Taliesin’s Poem to Elphin’, 275–6Tallarn Green, 204, 533, 538Talwrn y Beirdd, 685Tambora volcano, 259Taran Wanderer, 624Task and Finish Group, 613tastes, 64, 100, 117, 410, 416, 431, 707literary, 21, 244–5, 583

taverns, 113, 308–9, 311Taylor, Jeremy, 228teachers, 393, 434, 452, 519, 542, 639Team Wales, 658, 661technology, 68, 176, 213, 371, 532–3, 552, 662,

676, 710Teilo, Gwilym, 338television, 9, 499, 637–8, 639–40, 644–50,

676, 718television, drama, 542, 648–9Television Wales, 645, 648Television Wales and West (TWW), 645, 648Telyn y Dydd, 373temperance, 335, 345, 582temptations, 9, 318, 522, 546, 644Ten Nights in a Bar Room, 346Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 365, 412‘Terfysg’, 684Tessimond, A. S. J., 380Testament Newydd, 167, 183, 224Testament of Cresseid, 199Thatcher, Margaret, 449, 496, 501Thatcherism, 493, 496, 569, 665Thavies Inn, 178, 217, 223Theatr Bara Caws, 641Theatr Clwyd, 640Theatr Genedlaethol Cymru, 521, 641Theatr Gorllewin Morgannwg, 641Theatr Gwynedd, 640Theatr y Werin, 640Theatr yr Anterliwt, 638theatre, 9, 226, 391, 423–4, 523, 637–46, 648,

649–50

Theatre of the Absurd, 640Theatre of the Interlude, 638Theatrum orbis terrarum, 219Theodric of Bernicia, 34–6theology, 64, 185, 191, 256, 317, 410, 603

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theosophy, 417, 630, 634‘Thesaurus Linguae Latinae et

Cambrobrytannicae’, 180These Are The Men, 644These Poor Hands, 392Thing of Nought, A, 430Things Men Do, The, 436Thinker and the Thrush, 395thirteenth century, 18–20, 28–30, 34, 74, 93–4,

96–7, 100–2, 105, 107, 113–14This Bygone, 400Thomas, Ann, 322, 323Thomas, Bertha, 435Thomas, D. J., 647Thomas, David, 285–7, 289, 293Thomas, Dylan, 436, 447, 455–6, 468–85, 558,

584–5, 71618 Poems, 468–70, 475–6, 481‘Child’s Christmas in Wales, A’, 479Collected Poems, 469, 483deaths and entrances, 478–81Map of Love, The, 478poetry, 475, 477, 484–5, 534, 535–6, 538,

539–40

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog, 478,479

stories and poetry of the middle years,475–8

Twenty-Five Poems, 477–8Under Milk Wood, 482–3, 584–5and Wales, 483–5

Thomas, Edward, 254, 413, 448, 458Thomas, Gwyn, 225, 380–2, 394, 396, 400, 402,

426, 600, 602Thomas, Howard, 588Thomas, Ned, 393, 561, 568,

576, 599–600, 603Thomas, A. P., 409Thomas, R. D., 579Thomas, R. M., 423Thomas, R. S., 9, 453–4, 507, 529–31, 533–42,

552–8, 561, 571, 718Acre of Land, An, 535, 538–9‘Adar y Gaeaf ’, 536‘Adar y Plwyfi’, 536Blwyddyn yn Llyn, 538‘Border Blues’, 538‘Depopulation of the Welsh Hill Country,

The’, 534‘Hunanladdiad y Llenor’, 538‘Llenyddiaeth Eingl-Gymreig’, 537‘Y Llwybrau Gynt’, 537–8Mountains, The, 534

Neb, 538‘Peasant, A’, 534Stones of the Field, The, 534, 538‘Welsh Ballad Singer, A’, 539‘Welsh Hill Country, The’, 539‘Welsh History’, 530‘Welsh Landscape’, 535–6, 540‘Winter Retreat’, 538

Thomas, Simon, 217, 227Thomas, Tydfil, 398Thomas, William, 216Thompson, E. P., 255Thomson, James, 291Those Clouded Hills, 392Three Books of Occult Philosophy, 53Thrift, Nigel, 698, 707, 711Tide Race, 560Tideric Prince de Galles, 227, 335tides, 93, 286, 451, 469, 472–3, 483, 524Tighe, Carl, 638Time Being, 706Time to Laugh, A, 390Times Like These, 396Times Literary Supplement, 398, 455, 470tinplate, 358–9Tir na n-Og award, 631Tirebuck, William Edwards, 409Titrwm, 671, 673Tlysau yr Hen Oesoedd, 269To Fame Unknown, 397tobacco, 274, 449Today We Live, 642Toleration Act (1689), 166Tolkien, J. R. R., 621, 623, 624–5, 632, 633Tomorrow to Fresh Woods, 390Tomos, Angharad, 670–1, 674Tonypandy, 392, 453topography, 228, 460, 597, 619, 621, 698tourists, 278, 340, 355, 550, 634tours, 257, 267, 276–7, 340, 474, 584Tours in Wales, 276Towey, 337–8, 339, 430towns, 113, 123, 143, 203–4, 207–8, 215–16, 257,

393, 432, 482–3, 681borough, 20, 136largest, 216, 259

Toy, Humfrey, 235, 238Toy Epic, A, 545–9, 559Y Traddodiad Barddol, 381trade, 6, 105, 216, 258, 288, 358, 359, 363, 391traditional metres, xx, 457traditional strict metres, xix, 164, 308, 311,

368, 457

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traditions, 107–8, 146–7, 439–40, 518, 519–20,586, 594, 606–7, 627, 670

bardic, 6, 96, 115, 184, 240, 307–8, 414of court poetry, 96, 107–8cultural, 84, 95, 484, 637, 642industrial, 394, 397, 398literary, 131, 133, 268, 279–80, 516–20, 537–9,

586–7, 589–95, 604–5, 670native, 54, 68, 169, 265, 521oral, 27, 59, 107, 270, 313poetic, 4, 114, 270, 271, 518of praise poetry, 101

Traed mewn Cyffion, 393, 567Y Traethodydd, 603–4‘Trafferth Mewn Tafarn’, 518tragedies, 199, 202, 545, 569, 626, 629Tragedy of Massenello, The, 202Trahair, Emily, 605transformations, 59, 62–3, 66, 288, 299, 423, 623magical, 61, 63

translation(s), 98, 114–15, 166–7, 181–4, 189,223–4, 233–7, 238–9, 335, 683

translators, 19, 58, 100, 187, 201, 235, 291, 346,366, 521

transmission, 32, 79, 129, 147, 215, 519oral, 32, 167, 176written, 163

trauma, 44, 367, 492, 497, 501, 550, 570travellers, 143, 218, 277–8, 355travelling players, 199–201, 208travelogues, 413, 448Treatise Concerning the Lord’s Supper, A, 314Treatise Containing the Aequity of an Humble

Supplication, 221Treece, Henry, 475trees, 64, 123, 347, 365, 380, 432, 452, 457, 470, 473Treffynnon, 345, 348Trelawnyd, 542Tremadog, 310Tretower, 144–6Trezise, Rachel, 401, 602, 700Y Tri Llais, 546triads, 59, 65, 77, 80–1, 82–3, 98, 132, 382Trioedd Cerdd, 54Trioedd Ynys Prydein, 77Trip to London, The, 436Tripp, John, 558, 561Troelus a Chresyd, 199, 207–8Troilus and Criseyde, 199Trojans, 95, 115, 168, 199Troy Book, 139Troy, see Trojans‘Trydar’, 686

Y Trydydd Peth, 682trysts, 117, 122, 464Tryweryn, 499, 512–13, 562, 570Tu Chwith, 595, 603, 605–8, 613, 672, 674Tudor, A Prince in Wales: An Historical Novel in

Two Parts, 335Tudor, Edmund, 158Tudor, Henry, 136, 143–4, 157–8, 216Tudor, Jasper, 139–42Tudor, Mary, 169Tudor, Owen, 158, 168, 227, 335–6Tudor London, 212–29Tudor period, 6, 141, 157, 162, 170, 179, 214, 217,

228, 232Tudor Reformations, 157, 164Tudor Wales, 239–40Tudur, Owain, 141, 144Tudur, Siôn, 163, 184, 207, 227, 237, 242, 538Tudur Aled, 143, 241Tudur Fychan, 124Turner, J. M. W., 257, 277Turner, Jeremy, 641Twain, Mark, 415Twelfth Night, 226twentieth century, 3–5, 7–10, 349–56, 428–9,

456–8, 460–1, 531–2, 586–7, 594–9, 637–8early, 26, 213, 307, 349, 405, 446, 448, 458,

579, 583late, 8, 213, 222, 489theatrefilm and television, 637–50

Twentieth Century Anglo-Welsh Poetry, 558Twenty Thousand Saints, 683twenty-first century, 441, 443, 500, 531, 588, 594,

595, 601, 676Twenty-Five Poems, 477–8Twm Shon Catti, 213, 341–2Twrch Trwyth, 60, 66, 68, 538TWW, see Television Wales and WestTy ar y Tywod, 640Tyddewi, 612, 678Tynged yr Iaith, 458, 512, 531, 562, 588

uchelwyr, 4, 6, 21, 112, 114, 124, 130–1, 135–7, 146Un Diwrnod yn yr Eisteddfod, 682Un Nos Ola Leuad, 393, 462, 464, 518, 587Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 344, 582Under Milk Wood, 482–3, 584–5Undressed, The, 705unemployment, 360, 396, 437–8, 493, 535, 718Unfinished Journey, 392United States, 336, 357, 358, 474, 578–81, 582–6,

587, 588–9, 590

Index

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unity, 113, 221, 261, 335, 393, 471, 497, 500–1University College Aberystwyth, 432, 437, 447,

641, 670University College Swansea, 372, 468, 514University of Wales, 366, 468, 510, 512,

542

University of Wales Press, 615, 717urban landscape, 419, 559, 630urban society, 190, 262urbanization, 254, 262, 288, 306, 310, 358Urdd Gobaith Cymru, 609, 643Urdd Graddedigion Prifysgol Cymru Cangen

Caerdydd, 468Urien, 34–6, 38–40, 137, 461use of Welsh, 177, 237, 537Utah, 577, 585–6Uthr Pendragon, 65, 137Utica, 409, 580–2, 583, 589

Vagrancy Act (1572), 162, 240Vale of the Towey, The, 337–8, 339, 430Valentine, Lewis, 433, 513Valiant Welshman, The, 226Valle Crucis, 19, 131El valle de la esperanza, 588Valley, The City, The Village, The, 559valleys, 391, 393, 394, 397, 430, 435–6, 627–9,

630–1, 643, 646industrial, 413, 423, 424, 459, 494

valour, 102, 138, 697Vatican, 188–9Vaughan, Gwyneth, 348–9Vaughan, Henry, 228Vaughan, Hilda, 430, 561Vaughan, John, 204Vaughan, Robert, 33Vaughan, Sir Roger, 144Vaughan, Rowland, 245, 313Vaughan, Thomas, 144–6Vaughans, 140, 144–6, 164Vaughan-Thomas, Wynford, 474Vergil, Polydore, 169, 181, 189Vermont, 577, 581–2vernacular historiography, 96, 99–100, 107vers libre, 368, 381, 524verse cycles, 40–1, 291verse forms, 428, 484–5verses, 29, 40–4, 54, 312, 315–16, 320, 323–4,

326–7, 376, 580–1see also poetry.religious, see religious poetryscientific, 243

Vidor, King, 642

View Across the Valley: Short Stories by Womenfrom Wales, A, 430

villages, 201, 204, 205–6, 207, 338, 341, 463, 580,585, 587

violence, 16, 22, 41, 93, 126, 400, 440, 463, 476,570–1

Virgil, 27, 270Virgin and the Swine, The, 623, 625Virginia, 274Visitor’s Book, The, 586vitality, 2, 9, 13, 393, 471, 483, 599vocabulary, 54, 182, 186, 195, 237, 371,

683

Volunteers, The, 399

W. D. Thomas memorial lecture, 558Wade, Stephen, 509–10Wainwright, Laura, 440Wales (journal), 413, 536Wales, and Other Poems, 581Wales: Green Mountain, Black Mountain, 644Wales Studies, 615, 718Waley, John, 178Walford Davies, Damian, 292, 295, 476, 481,

539, 697, 705Walford Davies, Hazel, 637Walker Bynum, Caroline, 64Wallace, Alfred Russel, 257Wallasey, 423, 508Walter, Rowland, 581Walton, Evangeline, 589, 623,

625–6, 633Wanderer, The, 44war elegies, 478–9Ward, J. P., 563, 569‘Ward “O” 3 (b)’, 437Warner, Tom, 474warriors, 30, 31, 36, 39, 163, 624Wars of the Roses, 24, 130, 136, 139, 140, 143–4,

146, 157–8Washington, 587Waste Land, The, 375, 440water, 57, 59, 102, 470, 473, 625, 627, 701, 705,

707–8

Water Table, The, 707Waters, Sarah, 700Watkins, Vernon, 455–6, 468, 474–5, 477,

485, 558Watts, Isaac, 321Waugh, Evelyn, 474‘Waxwings’, 438‘Way He Went, The’, 435Ways of Escape, 460

Index

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WCVA (Wales Council for VoluntaryAction), 660

WDA (Welsh Development Agency), 493, 661We Live, 392–3wealth, 52, 198, 207, 216, 406, 409, 438, 443,

604, 606Webb, Harri, 559, 561, 562–4Weil, Simone, 678‘Wele’n sefyll rhwng y myrtwydd’, 518welfare state, 363, 492, 494Well at the World’s End, The, 621Welsh Affairs Committee, 661, 664Welsh Americans, 579–80, 582, 589Welsh Arts Council, 9, 563, 600–1, 602, 640,

645, 661, 717Welsh Assembly, 497, 602, 656, 678Welsh Augustans, 268–74‘Welsh Ballad Singer, A’, 539Welsh Bible, 184, 224, 233, 234, 236, 238–40Welsh Books Council, 9, 601, 608, 631, 717Welsh Childhood, A, 567‘Welsh Culture’, 568Welsh Development Agency (WDA), 493, 661Welsh Film Board, 645Welsh Girl, The, 589Welsh Government, 1, 507, 516, 601, 602, 613,

614, 662, 664, 685Welsh Heroine, A, 389‘Welsh Hill Country, The’, 539Welsh Hillside Saints, 409‘Welsh History’, 530Welsh Humanism, 176–91Welsh Labour, 398, 492, 496, 498, 658, 660‘Welsh Landscape’, 535–6, 540Welsh language, legal status, 1, 160–1, 177, 183,

260, 301, 497, 498, 562Welsh Language Acts, 498, 562Welsh Language Society, 498, 512, 552, 562,

596, 611, 716Welsh Manuscripts Society, 257Welsh National Theatre Company, 638Welsh Office, 493, 495, 496, 511, 562, 656Welsh Patagonia, 587–8Welsh Poetry Old and New in English Verse, 215Welsh Review, The, 8, 430, 433, 558, 603Welsh Rural Sketches, 430Welsh School in London, 266, 269Welsh Short Stories, 430Welsh Singer, A, 348, 599Welsh Theatre Company/Cwmni Theatr

Cymru, 640Welsh Voices: An Anthology of New Poetry from

Wales, 561

Welsh Wales, 99, 491, 499, 716Welsh Witch, A, 389Welsh Women’s Poetry 1460–2001, 404, 566, 604Welsh writing in English, 5, 6–7, 225, 228–9,

557–71, 596–7, 600–2, 614–15, 716–17origins, 213–17

Welsh Writing in English: A Yearbook of CriticalEssays, 571

Welshness, 336, 338, 339, 455, 460–1, 484–94,499–500, 533–5, 665, 696–8

werewolves, 63, 476Wessex Tales, 449West Indies, 258, 341west Wales, 18, 27, 93, 131, 133–5, 200, 208, 315,

454–5, 458Western Mail, 389What the Water Gave Me, 705When Was Wales?, 665, 697Where Did I Put my Pity?, 394Whistler, Peggy Eileen, see Evans, MargiadWhite, Gilbert, 276White, Richard, 167White Book, 21, 78–80, 84, 115, 123, 132–3,

134–5, 146‘White People, The’, 627–8, 629Whitelocke, James, 201Whitfield, Esther, 588Whitgift, John, 184, 236, 238Whittingham, William, 235Wife’s Lament, The, 44Wil Brydydd y Coed, 347Wiliam Jones, 394Wiliam Lloyd ap Elisau, 206Wiliams, Gerwyn, 380–1, 604, 606, 615, 674, 676Wiliems, Thomas, 80, 169, 180, 188, 233‘Will o’ the Wisp, The’, 215William, Dafydd, 321William the Conqueror, 17, 93Williams, D. J., 432, 438, 448, 449–50, 451, 513,

639, 718Williams, Daniel, 529–30, 560, 584, 587, 615Williams, David, 292Williams, Edward, 267, 289Williams, Emlyn, 639, 644, 647Williams, Gareth F., 681, 682Williams, Glanmor, 160Williams, Glyn, 579Williams, Gwyn Alf, 255, 507, 634, 665, 697Williams, Ifor, 34, 38, 41, 42, 406Williams, Ioan, 514, 523, 638–9, 640Williams, Iwan Llwyd, 605Williams, J. G., 450Williams, John, 359, 401, 601, 699

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Williams, John Roberts, 645Williams, John Stuart, 561Williams, Llewellin, 340–1Williams, Moses, 266Williams, R. Bryn, 588Williams, R. R., 582Williams, Raymond, 395, 396–8, 399, 402, 547,

552, 559, 560, 568, 571Williams, Rhydwen, 399Williams, Robert, 321Williams, T. Marchant, 410Williams, Taliesin, 301Williams, Ted, 363Williams, Thomas, 258, 321Williams, W. Nantlais, 321Williams, Waldo, 7, 215, 376–80, 453, 454, 539Williams, William Carlos, 708Williams of Pantycelyn, William, 202, 315–19,

320–1, 322–3, 327, 518, 520Williams Parry, R., 7, 367, 369–73, 420, 427, 507,

521, 539Williams-Wynn, Sir Watkin, 254Wiltshire, 244, 378–9Wind in the Willows, 416Winning Ways, 647‘Winter Retreat’, 538Winter Sonata, 425wisdom texts, 81witchcraft, 53, 55, 58, 180, 256With Dust Still in His Throat, 392Withered Root, The, 390, 426–7Without Vision, 647wizards, 55, 629, 633Wmffre Dafydd ab Ifan, 312Wolverhampton, 244Wood Beyond the World, The, 621Woodward, Kate, 645Woolf, Virginia, 594workers, 58, 259, 359–60, 390, 396, 423, 453,

494, 548working class, 3, 322, 362, 396, 399, 401, 429,

434–5, 436World Cannot Hear You, The, 395World of Kate Roberts, The, 433Wormwood Scrubs, 433, 513–14worship, 157, 166–7, 232, 261, 306, 310–11, 315,

321, 325, 626

Worthines of Wales, The, 221Wrexham, 131, 138, 266, 346, 348, 359, 642‘Writing on the Edge of Catastrophe’,

600

Wulf and Eadwacer, 44Wyer, R[obert], 223Wylie, John, 699Wyn, Eirug, 674, 685Wyn Jones, Ceri, 672, 686Wynn, Sir John, 161, 183, 236Wynn, William, 161Wynne, Ellis, 313, 673Wynne, Evan, 411Wynns of Gwydir, 158, 163–4, 165Wyns of Twr, 164

Y Dwr, 684Y Pla, 607, 670Y Twr, 640Yeats, W. B., 424‘Ymadawiad Arthur’, 365, 367, 369, 412, 420,

518

Ymbelydredd, 688Ymddiddan Arthur a’r Eryr, 66Ymddiddan yr Enaid ar Korff, 198Yr Ymwelydd, 579Yn y Trên, 522Yny lhyvyr hwnn, 178, 181, 218, 222‘Ynys Enlli’, 368, 560Ynysforgan, 38, 133, 146Yoknapatawpha, 476York, 136, 145, 158, 194, 197York Cycle, 198Yorkists, 139–41, 144Young, Robin, 568Young Wales, 389, 410, 412, 414–15, 509Ysgolan, 169Ysgrifau Dydd Mercher, 519Ysgubau’r Awen, 373, 374‘Ystafell Cynddylan’, 518Ystoria Addaf, 79Ystorya Bown de Hamtwn, 114, 132Ystorya Dared, 115‘Ystrad Fflur’, 368, 704

Zimmern, Alfred, 642Zola, Emile, 389

Index

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