campaign for reform
TRANSCRIPT
The Reform
Movement
The Role of the Middle
Class
The Nature of the
Reform Movement
LaSolidaridad
The Hispano-Filipino
Association
The Role of Masonry
The Great Reformists
La Liga Filipina
The Failure of the Reform Movement
The Reform Movement
The unjust execution of the 3 Filipino martyr priests : Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
Led to a new era : THE REFORM MOVEMENT
Began in 1882 and lasted up to the early months of 1896, when the important Filipino reformists died.
The Role of the Middle Class
• Middle class – Spanish and Chinese mestizos and the insulares
• 3 social classes of Spanish perod:• 1. peninsulares – Spaniards born in spain• 2. Insulares – Spaniards born in the Philippines• 3. Indios – natives or indigenous people
• 1869- Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre a very down to earth person became governor who they saw as an ally
• July 12,1869- they marched and serenade him
• 1872-1882 – the Filipino inteligenstia (a segment of middle class) took over the leadership from the wealthy sector
The Nature of the Reform Movement
The movement has no clamor for independence it only aims for the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain (to make the Philippines a province of Spain) so that the Filipinos:
• would become Spanish citizens• would be represented in the Spanish Cortes to be
able to participate in the making of laws that may benefit the country.
• And that goal has to be attained by peaceful means—using the power of words.
Spanish CitizensThey would enjoy all rights and privilegesOf Spanish Citizens.
They would also be obliged to discharge The duties of Spanish citizens.
The Filipinos could not be treated cruelly byThe friars and the Spanish civil authorities.
Graciano Lopez JaenaGraciano Lopez Jaena – born in Jaro Ilo-ilo, on December 17,1856 son of Placido Lopez and Maria Jacobo Jaena
Studied at Seminary of Jaro and Enrolled in medicine at University of Valencia
HE WAS THE GREAT ORATOR
Author of a Fray Botod – a tale that deals with the ignorance, abuses and immorality of a
certain friar named Botod (the average friar of the period)
1880- he secretly left for Spain because he found himself object to manhunt
1882- he delivered a speech during the International Congress of Industrial Geography
in defense of the FilipinosFebruary 15, 1889 became an Editor at the first
circulation of La SolidaridadJanuary 20 1896 – He died of tuberculosis
Marcelo H. del PilarBorn in Barrio Kupang, Bulakan,on August 30, 1850 son of Julian H. Del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaitan
Studied at College of San Jose and at University of Sto. Tomas where he finished his law course in 1880the political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain
1880-he began to campaign at the plazas , cockpits, and small tiendas preaching the gospel of work, self respect and dignity1882 – founded Diariong Tagalog
1888- he wrote the pamphlet "Kaiigat Kayo" in defense of Rizal and his Noli Me Tangere which is then attacked savagely by Fr. Rodriguez Pamphlet ``Caiingat Cayo” using the pen name Dolores Manapat. He also wrote some parodies namely; “Dasalan at Toksohan”, “Amain Namin” and the Ten Commandments of the Friars
October 1888 – he left for Spain
December 1889 – took over the editorship of La Solidaridad
July 4, 1896 – he died
Dr. Jose RizalBorn in Calamba Laguna on June 9 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo.Wrote the poem “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” at the age of eight
Enrolled at Ateneo Municipal and at a time at University of Sto. Tomas
1882- he left for Spain at the age of 21Enrolled at medicine and gain knowledges on other curriculum and mastered languages like French and German
He finished Noli Me Tangere at the age of 26 which gained popularity but the Spanish authorities prohibited its reading
1889 - He publishes La Vision de Fr. Rodriguez , a satire in which he exposed the ignorance of Fr. Jose Rodriguez who was then attacking his novel by issuing the pamphlet “Caingat Cayo” which warned the Filipinos against reading the Noli
1891-he finished El FilibusterismoHe returned to the Philippines in 1887 and in 1892 for the second time
July 7, 1892 – his banishment to Dapitan was announced officially
He was placed under arrest before the ship could dock in Barcelona in his way to Cuba where he enlisted as a Military Doctor and was sentenced to die by musketry
December 30, 1896 he was shot to death
La SolidaridadA news paper that rises as an answer
to the needs of bringing to the attention of the Peninsular Spaniards the so-called Philippine problem
February 15, 1889 – the first number came out in Barcelona with Lopez Jaena as Editor
December 1889 – M. H. del Pilar took over the editorship
To fight reaction
To stop all steps tending To make the Philippines aBackward country.
To extol liberal ideas
To defend progress
Aims of La Solidaridad
Pen Names used by the Reformists
Rizal- Dimas Alang and Laong Laan
Mariano Ponce-tikbalang,Naning and Kalipulako
M.H. del Pilar as Plaridel
Jose Ma. Panganiban as Jomapa
The Hispano-Filipino AssociationJanuary 12, 1889 An association composed of Spaniards
and Filipinos who favored in granting the reform in the colony.
Their campaigns resulted in the passage of law in the Cortes which would have been of benefit to the Filipino if it had been carried out
1893 – the society secure the passage of Maura Law, a law for the compulsory teaching of Spanish and initiation of reforms in the judiciary
It has 3 Sections of the Society
Masonry1890- the lodgeLa Solidaridad was established in Madrid
Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio Luna established Masonic Lodges in the Philippines:
Nilad- was established on January 6, 1891 Walana
And some other 33 lodges.It became the focus of propaganda activities and became responsible in the maintenance of unity it also served as a pattern for the methods and organization of the Katipunan because Andress Bonifacio was a Mason
April 1 1889- G. Lopez Jaena established the Masonic lodge revolucion in Barcelona
1. To work for freedom and prosperity of the Philippines.
2. To work for good government.
3. To ask for representation to the Spanish Cortes.
4. To make the Philippines a province of Spain.
AIMS
LA LIGA FILIPINAJuly 3,1892 – Rizal and a group of patriotic Filipinos
,including Andres Bonifacio founded La Liga Filipina.
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one strong body.
2.. Mutual protection of all members inCase of necessity.
3. The encouragement of Agriculture,commerce and education
4. Defense against any kind of violence and Injustice; and5. Study and application of reforms.
AIMS
1. A member or his son without financial means but withEnough ability and industry shall be supported
2. The poor shall be supported against the rich and powerful.
3. Any member who suffered losses shall be given financial help.
4. Stores and shops shall be opened which would sell goodsTo members at low prices.
5. Machines shall be introduced in order to promote industries.
PURPOSES
Spanish High officials in Spain wereToo busy with their own problems
To listen to the collective voiceOf the reformists.
The reformists in Spain and in the
Philippines did not have the necessary
financial means with which to make their
campaign effective.
The reformists themselves were
Not united.
The friars in the Philippines hadInfluential friends and supporters
In Spain.