Assignment on Campylobacteriosis and Erysipelas

Submitted by

Chanderkant Suthar

Chavda Hardik

Padher Nimesh

Butani Jigar

 

CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

Synonyms Vibriosis, Epizootic abortion. It is a contagious venereal disease of

cattle characterized by infertility with repeat breeding.

Campylobacter” is derived from Greek word for “Curve rod” because of curved or spiral shape morphology of bacteria

EtiologySpecies Host & disease

C.foetus subsp.venerealis. Endometritis, sterility, abortion in cattle

 

C. foetus subsp.foetus. Abortion in sheep. Possible cause of enteritis

 

C.jejuni .

Abortion in sheep. Enteritis in Humans monkey Cattle, foals,

dogs, cats, and fowls

 

C.coli

Enteritis in humans, monkey and fowl

C.pylori

Gastritis in children and monkey

Susceptible host

Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goat Man

Mode of transmission

Faeco-oral Coital Ingestion of contaminated food Waterborne Contact with contaminated poultry,

livestock, or household pets

Pathogenesis

The organisms multiply in cervix

Reach up to the uterine horn and oviduct

Damage cilia of epithelial lining of oviduct

Interfere with fertilization

Pathogenesis cont.. Organisms have got obligatory respiratory

mode

Lowered dissolved Lower supplies

Oxygen tension of required nutrients

Interfere with implantation and development of embryo

Clinical findings

Abortion in 2nd trimester(4-7months) In ewes abortion in last 6 weeks of

pregnancy Retention of placenta Slight mucopurtulent discharge Pyometra Aborted foetus shows autolytic changes

Clinical findings cont..

Aborted fetus ROP

Clinical findings cont..

Mucous-laden, watery, and/or bile-streaked diarrhea (with or without blood)

Reduced appetite Occasional vomiting Fever and leukocytosis Body temperature may be normal

Lesions

Mild endometritis and necrosis of cotyledons

Separation of chorion with formation of hematomas

Hypoxia due to placental damage Foetal death

Lesions cont..

Congested and edematous colons in dogs

Hyperplastic epithelial glands Thickened mucosa Hemorrhagic enteritis Edematous mesenteric lymph node

Diagnosis

1. Demonstration of organism by Gram’s staining

2. Culture and isolation

3. Darkfield or phage-contrast microscopy

4. Vaginal mucus aggulutination test

5. Indirect haemaggutination test

6. FAT

7. Detection of serum antibodies by ELISA

Treatment

Following antibiotics can be used Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Tetracycline Gentamicin, Furazolidone Doxycycline

Control and prevention

Pasteurization of milk Chlorination of drinking water In cows and heifers the disease must be

treated on herd basis

Prevention and Control Cont..

Exposed female should be bred by AI. Infected bulls should not be kept in herd Addition of antibiotics with semen(1:25

semen: yolk citrate 500 IU penicillin 500mg streptomycin)

SWINE ERYSIPELAS

Synonyms Diamond skin disease Rouget du proc Erysepela del cerdo Erysipelas (Greek—red skin) Ignissacer Holy fire St Anthony's fire

Cont..

Erysipelas is an acute streptococcus bacterial infection of the dermis, resulting in inflammation

worldwide in distribution Prevalence in India is scanty in nature Urticarial form of this disease recorded

in Andhra Pradesh

Etiology

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Erysipelothrix insidiosa (old name) 22 known serotypes Serotype 1 and 2 most common

Susceptible Host Pig (principal host ) Sheep Carnivores Birds Human

Predisposing factors

Age Genetics Immunity Non- infectious disease Stress due to environment or

management Worm infestation Concurrent infection Alkaline soil

Source of Infection

Domestic pigs Carrier animals’ excreta-faeces, urine Contaminated water and feed Body secretions-saliva, nasal

Mode of Transmission

Ingestion Natural infection through skin wound Biting flies Intra-uterine infection Soil contaminated with organisms

Pathogenesis

Acute septicemia and bacteraemia

Localization of organisms in organ, joint, heart valves

and synovial fluid

Hyperaemia of synovial membrane

Proliferation of synovial villi

Thickening of joint capsule

Amyloidosis in pigs

Clinical Findings

Acute:- Sudden death High rise in temp.(104-106°F), Stilly gait and get up with difficult Suspended bowl material movement Pigs remain depressed and burrow in the

bedding Conjunctivitis and vomition

Clinical findings Cont..

Diamond skin lesions Slightly pink to dark purple area which

raised and firm to touch Light to light purplish red lesions Dark purplish angry lesions may

proceed to death. The course of acute form is 2-4 days

Diamond skin lesions in pig

Clinical findings cont..

Subacute Less severe manifestations Skin lesions may or may not be noticed Chronic Arthritis Mainly involved joints are hock, stifles,

knee, and elbow Joints are stiff, enlarged, hot and painful Sloughing of tip of the tail and ear.

Signs in cattle

Non-suppurative arthritis Ulceration of cartilages Lameness Fluctuating joint capsule

Signs in sheep

Acute or chronic form of arthritis Valvular endocarditis Cutanious infection Septicemia Multifocal necrotizing alveolitis

Signs in man

Rise in temperature Pain in the hand and fingers Blisters Inflammation of lymph glands

Lesions

Acute cases Rhomboid lesions Septicemia Lesions are centered around the smaller

vessels of the dermis and hypodermis Intravascular fibrin coagulation or

thrombosis

Lesions cont.. Chronic cases Verrucose endocarditis Cauliflower like growth on the valves Mitral valve is more frequently affected Infarction of kidney and liver

Vegetative endocarditis

Lesions cont.. Venous congestion of lungs Pulmonary oedema. Arthritis in limbs and vertebrae joints Clear amber colour fluid in joint capsule Swelling of adjoining lymph nodes

Diagnosis History Clinical findings Lesions Isolation and identification of organisms Animal inoculation test

Diagnosis cont..

Serological diagnosis Agglutination test Avidin-biotin peroxidase technique Gel diffusion precipitation test Indirect immunoassay ELISA PCR

Diagnosis cont..

Differential diagnosis:- Swine fever Salmonellosis Glasser’s disease Foot rot Streptococcal endocarditis Streptococcal septicemia and arthritis

Treatment

1. Antiserum-

2. Antibiotics Penicillins Clindamycin Erythromycin

3. Anti inflammatory drugs Corticosteroids-betamethasone

Prevention and Control

Dead carcasses should be burnt properly

Pasture should be kept vacant following outbreak for a month

Chronically affected carrier pigs should be culled

The house and premises should be strictly disinfected

Prevention and control cont..

Sound husbandry practices Replacement of stock should be made

from clean sources. Recently purchased should be kept in

isolation

Immunization Attenuated vaccine Age of vaccination is 6 to 10 weeks. Second booster dose is given 2-4 weeks

later after the first vaccination. Bacterins Formalin killed whole culture of

organism adsorbed in aluminium hydroxide gel

Prevention and control cont..

KHAMMA GHANI JAI HIND