can based collision aviodance system for automobiles
DESCRIPTION
CAN BASED COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILESTRANSCRIPT
CAN BASED
COLLISION
AVOIDANCE SYSTEM
FOR AUTOMOBILES
BRIEF OVERVIEW :
Objective
Embedded system
What is CAS?
Existing system
Block Diagram
Power supply
ATmega16 Controller
Obstacle sensor
CAN, MCP2515 and MCP2551
LCD
DC Motor and L293D
Software Requirements
Operation
Advantages, Disadvantages
Future Scope
Conclusion
Objective of the Project :
• This project CAN BASED COLLISION AVOIDANCE
SYSTEM is intended for secure and smooth
journey.
• If the driver himself is not concentrating on
driving or any other parameters, which may cause
damage to vehicle as well a life, this intelligent
car/ vehicle warn the driver regarding the danger
ahead.
Embedded system : An Embedded System is one that has computer
hardware with software embedded in it as one of its important components.
Its software embeds in ROM (Read Only Memory). It does not need secondary memories as in a computer.
SOFTWARE PROGRAM
What is CAS ?
A collision avoidance system is that which is placed within a car to warn its driver of any dangers that may lie ahead on the road. • how close the car is to other cars surrounding
it
• how much its speed needs to be reduced
while going around the curve
• how close the car is to going off the road
• uses visual and audio warnings to prompt the
driver
• initiates braking if the driver fails to respond
to the warnings
Existing system :
• Power train management system
• Antilock braking system (ABS)
• Acceleration skid control (ASC) system, etc,
• The functionality and wiring of these electric control
units (ECU) are getting more complicated.
• A high-level protocol CAN is adopted to interconnect
those CAN nodes with reliable communications
among sensors.
Block Diagram :
GP2D12
ATMEGA
32
LCD
MCP 2515 MCP 2551
L293D
DC MOTOR
ATMEGA
32
LCD
MCP 2515 MCP 2551
NODE 1
NODE 2
Power Supply :
Transformer
Rectifier Filter Regulator
230V ACMains
Regulated 5V DC
ATMEGA 32 CONTROLLER :
• High-performance, Low-power AVR 8 - bit
Microcontroller
• Advanced RISC Architecture
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments
• JTAG Interface
• Peripheral Features
• Special Microcontroller Features
• I/O and Packages - 40-pin
• Operating Voltages - 4.5-5.5V
• Speed Grades - 0-16 MHz
• Power Consumption - 1.1mA
Pin Diagram :
GP2D12 :
• It is an Analog distance sensor that uses
infrared to detect an object between 10 cm
and 80 cm away.
• Consists of PSD and infrared emitting diode
and signal processing circuit.
• High immunity to ambient light and colour of
object
• No external control circuitry required
GP2D12 :
CONTROL AREA NETWORK :
• CAN is a multi-master broadcast serial bus standard for
connecting electronic control units (ECUs)
• CAN is one of the best choices for embedded networking
applications.
• Each node is able to send and receive messages, but not
simultaneously.
• A message consists primarily of an ID (identifier), which
represents the priority of the message, and up to eight
data
bytes.
• The devices that are connected by a CAN network
are
typically sensors, actuators and other control
devices.
• These devices are not connected directly to the
bus, but
through a host processor and a CAN controller.
• Bit rates up to 1 Mbit/s are possible at network
lengths below
40 m.
• Each node requires a
Host processor
CAN controller
Transceiver
MCP2515 :
• It is a stand-alone Controller Area Network (CAN) controller that
implements
the CAN specification, version 2.0B
• MCP2515 has two acceptance masks and six acceptance filters that are
used to
filter out unwanted messages, thereby reducing the host MCUs
overhead.
• It is capable of transmitting and receiving both standard and extended
data and
remote frames.
• Operates from 2.7V – 5.5V
• It interfaces with microcontrollers (MCUs) via an industry standard
Serial
Peripheral Interface ( 10MHz)
• The device consists of three main blocks:
CAN Module ---- Control logic --- SPI Protocol block
MCP2551 :• The MCP2551 is a high-speed CAN, fault-tolerant device that
serves as the
interface between a CAN protocol controller and the physical
bus.
• It will operate at speeds of up to 1 Mb/s.
• It converts the digital signals generated by a CAN controller to
signals suitable
for transmission over the bus cabling.
• It also provides a buffer between the CAN controller and the
high-voltage
spikes that can be generated on the CAN bus by outside sources.
• Protection against damage due to short-circuit conditions
(positive or
negative battery voltage)
• Protection against high-voltage transients
• Automatic thermal shutdown protection
• Up to 112 nodes can be connected
• High noise immunity due to differential bus Implementation
Features :
Liquid crystal display :
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
have materials which combine
the properties of both liquids
and crystals.
They have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.
Since the LCD’s consume less power, they are compatible with low power electronic circuits and can be powered for long durations.
DC Motor :
• A DC motor is electromechanical device that
coverts electrical
energy into mechanical energy
• Motor gives power to the MCU
• Power to do physical works - to move robot
• It can be controlled easily with microcontrollers
• But the MCUs port are not powerful enough to drive
DC
motors directly , we need some kind of drivers.
• Very easy and safe is to use L293D chips
L293D :
L293D is a motor driver integrated circuit (IC).
Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they
take a low-
current control signal and provide a higher-current
signal. This
higher current signal is used to drive the motors.
This chip is designed to control 2 DC motors
L293D has output current of 600mA
The output supply has a wide range from 4.5V to
36V
Input logic 00 or 11
will
stop the
corresponding
motor.
Logic 01 and 10 will
rotate it in clockwise
and anticlockwise
directions.
Enable pins 1 and 9
must be high for
motors to start
operating.
Software Requirement
PROGRAMMING IN EMBEDDED CCODEVISION AVR C COMPILERKEIL SOFTWARE
Embedded C : Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C Programming
language by the C Standards committee to address commonality
issues that exist between C extensions for different embedded
systems.
Historically, embedded C programming requires nonstandard
extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such
as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic
I/O operations.
In 2008, the C Standards Committee extended the C language to
includes a number of features not available in normal C, such as,
fixed-point arithmetic, named address spaces, and basic I/O hardware
addressing.
Embedded C use most of the syntax and semantics of standard C,
e.g., main() function, variable definition, data type declaration,
conditional statements (if, switch. case), loops (while, for), functions,
arrays and strings, structures and union, bit operations, macros, etc.
Codevision AVR :
• CodeVisionAVR is a complete set of tools designed for rapid
and efficient
software development for the Atmel AVR microcontrollers. Keil C cross compiler :
• Keil Software provides software development tools for the
family of
microcontrollers, they are
• IDE (Integrated Development environment)
• Project Manager
• Simulator
• Debugger
• C Cross Compiler , Cross Assembler, Locator/Linker
Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level
Language to
object code i.e source code into object code.
A cross compiler is similar to the compilers but we write
a program
for the target processor (like 8051 and its derivatives)
on the host
processors (like computer)
It means being in one environment you are writing a
code for another
environment is called cross development.
OPERATION :
• Here we are having two nodes each
node Contain
ATMEGA 16 (AVR CONTROLLER), MCP2515 (CAN CONTROLLER),
MCP2551 (CAN TRANSRECEVER).
• In first node we are interfacing GP2D12 to find the
object, second
node contains DC motor.
• Initially motor is rotating with maximum speed. If any
object is
found in front of GP2D12 in node1 motor will stop in
node2 by
using CAN protocol.
• For this we have to develop two different application
programs
in embedded C.
Advantages
Collision Mitigation by BrakingCrash avoidanceRoad SafetyInjury and Accident PreventionCommercially marketable technical systemsLow costProduct Excellence due to Minimum
RequirementsHigh Alert system
DISADVANTAGES
The technical challenges for current collision avoidance systems lie in achieving high detection rates given an acceptable false alarm rate, under real-life driving situations.
The problem with curved roads is that sensors might mistake a car running in the opposite direction for a hazard on the lane where the CAS equipped vehicle is driving.
Cars Equipped with sensors running inthe opposite direction.
Applications :
• Used as a Warning System to avoid Collision in National Highways.
• Used by Police to Track the speed of the approaching vehicles.
• Used to detect an object in Extreme conditions like Fog and misty areas.
• Can be implemented in Robotic Applications.
• Can be used in large vehicles like Trucks and buses.
• Can be implemented in Aircraft and aerospace electronics.
• Can be used in Passenger and cargo trains.
• Can be implemented in Maritime electronics.
Real Time View :
• Future car collision-avoidance systems may be smart phone-based
• You could stick your cell phone on the dashboard, and it would use [its onboard sensors] to provide the feedback needed by the system
FUTURE SCOPE :
CONCLUSION
This briefly reviewed the automobile collision avoidance
problem in order to achieve safer transportation on highways.
Once achieved, this will not only save lives, but result in a
considerable amount of financial gains as well.
In order to develop the so-called smart highways and smart
cars, it is stated that the most importance difference from the
old practice is the fact that new design approach attempts to
completely avoid collision instead of minimizing the damage
by over-designing cars.
BIBLIOGRAPHY :Text Books :
[1] Steven F Barrett, ‘‘Embedded Systems Design With The Atmel AVR
Microcontroller’’, Morgan and Claypool Publishers,2008 .
[2] Jesse Russell, Ronald Cohn, ‘‘Controller Area Network’’, Bookvika
Publishing,2012 .
Web Portal :
[1] www.wikipedia.org
[2] www.atmel.com
[3] www.µvisionkeil.com
[4] www.authorstream.com
[5] www.electronics.howstuffworks.com
[6] www.allaboutcircuits.com