CAN “GREEN” BUSES BE PRODUCED

LOCALLY?

YES!

DraftALTERNATIVE FUEL BUSES(As of Today)

• Diesel / Gas CNG• Gas Engines

- Bio Gas & Natural Gas• Bio Fuel

- Ethanol• Electric Buses

- Battery Power

Czech Rp South Africa

Brazil

Europe Poland Belgium UK Czech Rp France

Scandinavia Sweden Norway Finland

SLA

Brazil

Africa RSA

Asia/Oceania Australia Thailand

UKNorway

Projects in other Countries

• 90 % of World’s biofuel• Local and global fuel• Many feedstocks & forms• Sustainable volume production • 3rd party verification• Average CO2 reduction 71 % (EU)

Renewable Fuel Sources

• Local waste to fuel• Good for local fleets• Can be combined with CNG• Expensive infrastructure• Average CO2 reduction 73 % (EU)

• Many feedstocks• Similar to diesel• Fuel quality important• Not for infrequent use• High and low blends• Average CO2 reduction 38 % (EU)

7

Biogas versus natural gasSame methane molecule – but one is fossil, the other renewable

Biogas (CBG) Natural gas (CNG)

Ethanol and Gas vehiclesCapital Cost Maintenance and operation

Ethanol vehicles use the diesel principle. Higher efficiency than gas. Ethanol engine - only small technical

changes as compared to a diesel engine: Very similar to today’s operation and service program Better availability of spare parts, etc.

Ethanol vehicles are slightly modified with

a moderate extra cost.Gas vehicles have a higher extra

purchase cost, mostly due to the special

high pressure tank solution necessary.Loss of passengers, due to vehicle weight.

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Engine Technology Ethanol

3rd Generation Ethanol Engine Based on the 9-litre Euro 4 diesel

engine Certified for EEV emission regulation Scania modular product system

Same chassis interface as 9-litre diesel

Diesel engine process – compression ignited with high thermal efficiency Ethanol: up to 43% Diesel: up to 44%

Proven technology More than 700 buses sold since

1989

1010

Scania Gas Engine

In-line, five-cylinder engine Diesel engine platform Four valves per cylinder Swept volume 9.3 litres Cylinder diameter 130 mm Stroke 140 mm Compression ratio 12.6:1 Firing sequence 1-2-4-5-3. EEV certified

Otto combustion engine technology with spark plugs and separate ignition coils for each cylinder, charge cooler,

Running Costs

Ethanol buses in Stockholm since 1989

Up to 90% less fossil COUp to 90% less fossil CO22 with existing technology with existing technology

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION CALCULATOR

SPECIFICATION

Engine: DC9 17, 270 hpFuel: DIESELEmission Class: Euro 4Lifetime mileage: 210,000kmFuel consumption: 0.46 l/km

CALCULATED EMISSION

Local Emissions NOx (kg) 1,260 HC (kg) 0 PM (kg) 10Global Emission CO₂ (ton) 260

SPECIFICATION

Engine: OC9 G04Fuel: NATURAL GASEmission Class: EEVLifetime mileage: 210,000kmFuel consumption: 0.62 Nm /km

CALCULATED EMISSION

Local Emissions NOx (kg) 630 HC (kg) 0 PM (kg) 0Global Emission CO₂ (ton) 270

4 X 2 CITY BUSES

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION CALCULATOR

SPECIFICATION

Engine: DC9 E02, 270 hpFuel: ETHANOLEmission Class: EEVLifetime mileage: 210,000kmFuel consumption: 0.74 l/km

CALCULATED EMISSION

Local Emissions NOx (kg) 620 HC (kg) 20 PM (kg) 0Global Emission CO₂ (ton) 70

SPECIFICATION

Engine: OC9 G04Fuel: BIOGASEmission Class: EEVLifetime mileage: 210,000kmFuel consumption: 0.62 Nm /km

CALCULATED EMISSION

Local Emissions NOx (kg) 630 HC (kg) 0 PM (kg) 0Global Emission CO₂ (ton) 70

4 X 2 CITY BUSES

Liquid fuels are more cost efficient than gaseous fuels, both regarding infrastructure, vehicle cost, operation and service

Ethanol operation is similar to diesel operation, is well proven since 20 years, and has been tested successfully in Johannesburg

Ethanol gives the most emission cuts per rand spent of the three major biofuels considered.

Biogas is an interesting option for parts of a city fleet, but it is a big undertaking that requires careful long term planning, qualified project management and long term investment policies.

Bioethanol is the quickest and most cost efficient solution for introduction of green city buses, local fuel security and local jobs in South Africa.

Summary

COMMUNITY INITIATIVE

Community members harvesting the Sweet Beet.

Sweet Beet growing on a community members land.

Why Sustainable Transport?

Climate Change

Air Quality

Oil and Energy Security

Congestion

Source: Lloyd Wright – Sourcebook sustainable transport

Are you part of the problem or part of the solution?

Thank you!