canadian citizenship preparation course week 2/3
TRANSCRIPT
Canadian Citizenship Preparation
CourseWeek 2/3
▪ Canada’s History ▪ The First Europeans▪ The War of 1812▪ Confederation
Topics
▪ Canada’s History
Important Dates and Events
▪ 1497
First explorations
▪ 1497-
European exploration started by John Cabot
Cabot drew a map of Canada’s East Coast (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland)
▪ 1534-1542
Exploring a river, naming Canada
▪ 1534- 1542 Jacques Cartier
-made three trips across the Atlantic
-claimed lands for France, and
-explored the Lawrence River,
-set eyes on what is Quebec and Montreal cities,
-heard “Kanata” (Iroquoian for village)
▪ 1604-1608
Royal New France
▪ 1604-first European settlement by the French (Pierre de Monts, Samuel de Champlain)in a) St. Croix Island- Maine, b) Port-Royal in Acadia- Nova Scotia
▪ 1608 Champlain- built a fortress (what is now Quebec City)
-connected with the Algonquin, Montagnais, and Huron
Royal New France
-The French and Aboriginals became partners in the fur-trade.
-Jean Talon, Bishop Laval, and Count Frontenac were “outstanding leaders” who built a French empire in North America
▪ 1670
Struggle for a new continent
▪ 1670-King Charles II of England granted the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights
-For a century this company competed with Montreal- based traders
-The voyageurs and courers des bois formed alliances with First Nations
-English colonies became richer and more populous than New France
▪ 1700/ 1759
Struggle for a new continent
▪ 1700’s -France and Great Britain fought for control of North America.
▪ 1759-The British defeated the French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Quebec City ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ end of France’s empire in America ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
-Brigadier James Talon and Marquis de Montcalm are important figures for both armies
The Province of Quebec
-Following the war, the British renamed the colony as “Province of Quebec”.
▪ 1774
A tradition of accommodation
▪ Quebec Act of 1774
-one of the constitutional foundations of Canada
-to better govern the French Roman Catholic majority
-allowed religious freedom for Catholics
-permitted Catholics to hold public office (not allowed in Britain)
-restored French civil law while maintain British criminal law
▪ 1776
United Empire Loyalists
▪ 1776-13 British colonies to the south of Quebec
declared independence forming the US
-The Loyalists--- loyal to the Crown--- left the south to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec
-Joseph Brant led Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada
-Black Loyalists came north too; in 1792, they moved to establish Freetown, Sierra Leone
(West Africa), which was a new British colony for freed slaves
▪ 1758-1773-1785
The Beginnings of Democracy
▪ 1758 First representative assembly elected in Halifax,
Nova Scotia
▪ 1773 in Prince Edward Island
▪ 1785 New Brunswick
▪ 1791 “important”
The Beginnings of Democracy (IMPORTANT)
▪ 1791 The Constitutional Act divided the Province of Quebec into: a) Upper Canada what is now Ontario; mainly Loyalist, Protestant &
Anglophone b) Lower Canada what is now Quebec; heavily Catholic & Francophone
▪ The Constitutional Act granted:c) legislative assemblies elected by people d) the name Canada became officiale) Atlantic colonies, Upper & Lower Canada were known as
British North America
The Beginnings of Democracy (IMPORTANT)
▪ 1791 The Constitutional Act divided the Province of Quebec into: a) Upper Canada what is now Ontario; mainly Loyalist, Protestant &
Anglophone b) Lower Canada what is now Quebec; heavily Catholic & Francophone
▪ The Constitutional Act granted:c) legislative assemblies elected by people d) the name Canada became officiale) Atlantic colonies, Upper & Lower Canada were known as
British North America
▪ 1812 – 1815
- U.S. invaded Canada
- Current Canada-USA border is partly the result of the War of 1812
- The border ensures that Canada would remain independent of the USA
1815- ▪ The Treaty of Ghent negotiated on December 24, 1814, and ratified on February 16, 1815, finally ended the War.
DETAILS
▪ 1860
Why Confederation?
▪ 1860 In the 1860s the British colonies were
facing many different kinds of problems:
Why Confederation?
▪ Economic problems
-In order for their economies to do well, the colonies needed to -be able to sell their goods to other markets. -At this time there were very few places that they could sell to. --One solution was to bring all the colonies together. -In this way they could more easily sell their goods to each other.
Why Confederation?
▪ Political problems
-The government of the Province of Canada did not run smoothly because the English-speaking and French-speaking halves had different ideas.
-Leaders from both parts of the province decided that joining the other colonies might help solve their own political problems.
Why Confederation?
▪ Military problems
- The relationship between the British North America and US had never been stable. -Many Americans wanted to take over all of what is now Canada. -Britain didn't want to have to pay for the cost of defending its colonies. -It encouraged the colonies to join together, because US would be less likely to attack Canada if it were a self-governing country rather than separate colonies of Britain.
-The fear of the United States helped to strengthen the call for Confederation.
▪ 1867 “important”
The Beginnings of Democracy (IMPORTANT)
▪ 1867 The British Parliament passed the British North America Act Canada
Changes:
a) Dominion of Canada (celebrated as is until 1982)b) Sir John Alexander Macdonald (considered the Father of
Confederation)until 1873 (A. Mackenzie) (see http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/node/33784)
▪ 1871
▪ 1871 British Columbia joined Canada, after
Ottawa promised to build a railway to the West Coast.
▪ 1885
▪ November 7, 1885 Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was
completed; founded in 1881 (right after NWT joined the Confederation (pg. 18)
Visit:http://www.cpr.ca/en/about-cp/our-history
Canadian Citizenship Preparation
CourseWeek 2/3