2001-02-05 Project Design Critera Page i

CANADIAN LIGHT SOURCE

ELECTRICAL DESIGN CRITERIA

CLS DESIGN NOTE 8.1.16.1 Rev. 0

Date: 2001-02-05

Copyright 2001, Canadian Light Source Inc. This document is the property of Canadian Light Source Inc. (CLS). No exploitation or transfer of any information contained herein is permitted in the absence of an agreement with CLS, and neither the document nor any such information may be released without the written consent of CLS.

Canadian Light Source 107 North Road

University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada

Signature Date Original on File Signed by:

Author Harbans Aulakh Reviewer #1 Edwin Klassen Reviewer #2 Neil Johnson Approver Mark de Jong

2001-02-05 Project Design Critera Page ii

REVISION HISTORY

Revision Date Description Author

A 2000-08-15 Original Draft Harbans Aulakh

B 2000-10-20 Issued for Comments Harbans Aulakh

O 2001-02-05 Original Issue Harbans Aulakh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 PURPOSE.........................................................................................................1 2.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1 3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS..........................................................................2 4.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTS..................................................................................2

4.1 Drawings ................................................................................................2 4.2 Schedules ..............................................................................................7 4.3 Design Briefs (design notes) ...............................................................8 4.4 Electrical Specifications and Equipment Data Sheets.....................8 4.5 Commissioning Documents.................................................................8

5.0 AMBIENT CONDITIONS................................................................................9 6.0 DESIGN PHISOLOPHY..................................................................................9

6.1 Utility Requirements..............................................................................9 6.2 Power Supply...................................................................................... 10 6.3 System Voltage and Frequency....................................................... 11 6.4 Steady-state Utilization Voltage Levels ........................................... 11 6.5 Insulation Co-ordination..................................................................... 12 6.6 Bus Ratings......................................................................................... 13 6.7 Nameplate Voltage Ratings of Standard Induction Motors ........... 13 6.8 Electrical Clearances......................................................................... 14 6.9 Reliability............................................................................................. 14 6.10 Provision for Future Expansion......................................................... 14 6.11 Spare Capacities............................................................................... 14 6.12 Isolation Philosophy ........................................................................... 15 6.13 Motor control....................................................................................... 15 6.14 Load Classification............................................................................ 16 6.15 Critical Loads ..................................................................................... 16 6.16 Design Factors................................................................................... 16 6.17 Protective Devices............................................................................. 17 6.18 Allowable Steady-state AC Voltage Drops..................................... 18 6.19 AC Voltage drop due to motor starting ............................................ 20 6.20 Allowable DC Voltage Drops............................................................ 21 6.21 Working Clearances for Substation Equipment ............................. 21 6.22 Separation Criteria/Maintained Spacing......................................... 21 6.23 Critical AC System............................................................................. 23 6.24 Control Circuits................................................................................... 23 6.25 Metering .............................................................................................. 27

6.26 Alarms ................................................................................................. 28 6.27 Grounding System.............................................................................. 30 6.28 Lighting................................................................................................ 32 6.29 Welding Outlets .................................................................................. 35 6.30 Raceway System................................................................................ 36 6.31 Power Factor Correction................................................................... 45 6.32 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems.................................................. 46 6.33 Communication Systems .................................................................. 46 6.34 Heat Tracing (Freeze Protection) ..................................................... 46 6.35 Hazardous Locations......................................................................... 46 6.36 Lightning Protection........................................................................... 47

7.0 EQUIPMENT SELECTION CRITERIA ..................................................... 48 8.0 EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND SIZING.................................................. 49

8.1 HV Switchgear.................................................................................... 49 8.2 Power Transformers .......................................................................... 49 8.3 Circuit Breakers ................................................................................. 52 8.4 Buses................................................................................................... 53 8.5 Cables ................................................................................................. 53 8.6 Motor Control Centres and Switchboards....................................... 55 8.7 Motor Starters..................................................................................... 57 8.8 Motors.................................................................................................. 58 8.9 Adjustable Speed Drives .................................................................. 59 8.10 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)................................................ 59 8.11 Batteries and Battery Chargers........................................................ 60

9.0 SYSTEM STUDIES ...................................................................................... 62

9.1 General................................................................................................ 62 9.2 Short Circuit Analysis......................................................................... 62 9.3 Voltage Regulation............................................................................. 63 9.4 Motor Starting Study.......................................................................... 64 9.5 Load Flow study................................................................................. 64 9.6 Protective device Co-ordination....................................................... 65 9.7 Harmonic Analysis ............................................................................. 65

10.0 APPENDICES

Appendix A Abbreviations Appendix B Glossary Appendix C Units Of Measure

File: 0047-074-04/Design Criteria-Nov00.doc (rrf)

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1.0 PURPOSE 1.1 The purpose of this design criteria is to provide the basis for developing

the detail design of the electrical services and associated systems for the Canadian Light Source project by establishing general considerations, recommended practices and specific precautions based on referenced standards and industry practices.

1.2 The design criteria document will be used as a continuing document and

will be kept current throughout the life of the project. 1.3 The design criteria will contain the salient design goals for accomplishing

complete system design. As system descriptions are developed producing greater detail for the system, the applicable portion will be referenced by the design criteria to avoid duplication.

2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 The design, selection and sizing of electrical equipment is affected by

many factors and installation conditions such as ambient temperature, altitude, load, demand factors, percent loss of equipment life under short time emergency overload conditions, voltage regulation, short circuit capacities, the ability to start large motors, load characteristics, client standards, and relevant codes and standards.

2.2 The design criteria will attempt to recommend the lowest cost sizing

without lowering reliability, future expansion or safety to limit the installed cost and minimize future spare costs.

2.3 The electrical system will be economically designed for continuous and

reliable service, safety to personnel and equipment, ease of maintenance and operation, minimum power losses, mechanical protection of equipment, interchange ability of equipment, and addition of future loads.

2.4 Voltage insulation levels, interrupting capacities, continuous current

capacities, circuit protective devices, and mechanical strengths will be selected and co-coordinated in accordance with the recommendations of IEEE, EEMAC, CSA, ICEA, and ANSI. Calculations will be made to ensure all equipment is suitable for the duty required.

2.5 System protective devices (relays, fuses, breaker trip units, etc.,) will be

selected and co-coordinated to ensure that the interrupter nearest the point of short circuit (or high overload) will open first and minimize disturbances on the rest of the system.

2.6 Flexibility of the system, investment and operational costs together with

load concentration will also be considered in the electrical design.

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2.7 The electrical distribution system will be designed and installed to meet

the power and grounding requirements of the electronic load equipment. 2.8 The electrical distribution system will also be arranged to minimize service

interruptions, provide flexibility for growth and maintenance, and provide continuous and reliable power under all desired conditions.

3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS 3.1 The latest editions of the applicable codes and standards of the following

organizations will be used as guidelines in the design of electrical systems and equipment; and where required by law, such systems and equipment will conform to applicable standards.

CSA - Canadian Standards Association CEC - Canadian Electrical Code SES - Saskatchewan Electrical Amendments EEMAC - Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association of Canada IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ULC - Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (where applicable) IES - Illuminating Engineering Society ICEA - Insulated Cable Engineers Association CACO Canadian Accredited Certified Organization FM Facilities Management (U of S) 3.2 The local Technical Safety Services Branch Inspector or Clients

representative will generally be present during the construction phase to ensure compliance with the Canadian Electrical Code and Saskatchewan Supplement.

4.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTS

The electrical design will include but not be limited to the following documents:

4.1 Drawings 4.1.1 All drawings will be sent to Technical Safety Services Branch of the

Department of Industry and Labour, Province of Saskatchewan, for review during the design stage.

4.1.2 Drawings will be reviewed by a Professional Engineer with input from the

Client. The actual procedure will be developed and agreed to by the Client, and included in the Project Implementation Manual.

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4.1.3 Drawings requiring the Clients approval will be defined in the Project Implementation Manual.

4.1.4 The following drawings will be prepared for the project: 4.1.4.1 Key Plot Plan

Plot plans will show all underground and overhead cable and conductor runs, and the location and identification of all major electrical equipment.

4.1.4.2 System single line diagrams will include all applicable major

electrical equipment, meters and their switches, protective relays with associated instrument transformers, motor protectors, electrical transducers, resistance temperature detectors, and interlock devices.

The following technical information will be included in system single line diagrams: System phase rotation (phase sequence) Equipment names, ratings, device identification

numbers, and associated location A Protective Relay Table covering device numbers,

description of relays, make/model, locations, and intended function of relays

Types of meters and transducers with specified ranges

Power transformer and instrument transformer connection (delta-wye, wye-wye, etc) and grounding requirements, including polarity markings for instrument transformers

Continuous current ratings of power circuit breakers, or motor starters, and their numbering and cubicle location numbers in switchgear assemblies and motor starter assemblies

Isolated phase bus and/or nonsegregated phase bus continuous current ratings

Cable entry (top or bottom) to switchgear, medium voltage motor starter lineups, load centers

Power cable sizes and types The quantities of each protective relay and

associated instrument transformers and fuses Current ratios of current transformers and polarities

and voltage ratios of potential transformers Local and/or remote control points of an

electrically operated circuit breaker; the associated control switch, selector switch, and meter; and their respective location.

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4.1.4.3 Power layout drawings showing all electrical equipment with

Dimensional plans and elevations with sections views, enlarged plans and details when required for clarification.

Approximately location of electrical equipment and devices such as transformers, switchgear, MCCs, power panels, local push buttons/selector switches etc. with identification numbers.

Anchor bolt locations and assembled weights for major equipment.

Underground conduits, duct banks and surface trenches layout.

Cable tray and conduit layout including support details, wall and floor openings, fire-proofing/fire stops details.

Dimensions to the centre line of horizontal tray and bottom (side rail) for vertical tray.

Location and type of tray fittings Tray numbers based upon the design criteria for

identifying voltage levels. Tray grounding and installation of covers where

required. All plan view drawings will be drawn to the same

scale if space permitted. 4.1.4.4 Lighting layout

Plans showing locations of lighting fixtures (normal, emergency, security)

Lighting transformer locations Lighting panel-board locations and schedules Convenience outlet locations Cable routing for the above

4.1.4.5 Grounding layout

Overall grounding drawings, grounding details, and lightning protection.

4.1.4.6 Logic Flow Diagrams showing,

functional identification of all devices alarm and trip lines and logic

4.1.4.7 Schematic diagrams

Most schematic diagrams are based on the functions defined by the control logic diagrams. Therefore, the control

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logic diagrams will be fully understood before the design of the schematic diagram begins. Elementary type schematic diagrams will be prepared to show: All interconnections between power sources,

apparatus, and device elements of a particular system or equipment

All interlocks with other systems in a manner which fully indicates the circuit function and operation

Identification and location in equipment of each device

Any special requirements such as conductor shielding, cable type and separation from other circuits

Annunciator and PLC and/or DCS inputs and outputs, interlocks, spare contacts etc. to ensure adequacy of information

Adequate information to assign cable numbers and types for the circuit and raceway schedule

Sufficient information to enable a supplier to specify devices and prepare equipment internal wiring diagrams

Functional group will be separated and clearly defined so as to show close, trip, indication, protection, annunciation, etc.

Schematic diagrams for equipment or systems supplied as a complete package will not be prepared and will be the responsibility of the vendor

Elementary diagrams for all motor control circuits and electrical devices (solenoids, etc.) circuits. One typical diagram for each motor drive size and type will be made. The contacts and devices will be shown in the de-energized (off the shelf) condition.

4.1.4.8 Wiring and interconnection diagrams

Connection diagrams showing all purchaser connection points and identified accordingly.

Connection wiring diagrams for control, alarm, and instrument circuits, including all junction boxes, showing wire numbers and terminal numbers.

Internal wiring diagrams for all engineered panels such as Emergency Shutdown (ESD) and control panels.

Wiring diagrams defining all electrical circuits and showing wire numbers and terminal numbers of all interior components.

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Connection diagrams for all motor control circuits and electrical devices (solenoids, etc.) circuits.

4.1.4.9 Emergency shutdown Key showing

Schematic and/or logic of all ESD circuits Internal wiring diagrams c/w terminal blocks and wire

identifications for all ESD circuits

4.1.4.10 Fire Detection and Alarm System Drawings Layout drawings indicating zones, master control

panel, annunciator panel, graphic panel, initiating devices (smoke detectors, heat detectors, pull-stations, sprinkler main valve, floor switches, pressure switches), and audible/visual signal devices (bells, buzzers, horns, strobe lights).

Block diagrams and/or riser diagrams indicating individual zones and the number and type of components within each zone. Al devices labeled by zone and device number.

Logic diagrams showing all input-output relationships.

Control panel wiring diagrams showing identification of the termination point of each and every wire with their appropriate zone number or letter. Marshalling box/cabinet terminations.

Field wiring diagrams indicating physical location of all components which make-up the fire alarm system, complete with associated conduit runs and sizes.

4.1.4.11 Communications System Drawings

Telephone, data, security system layout indicating all components including telephone/data closets and receptacles.

Riser diagrams indicating panels, outlets, cables and conduits.

4.1.4.12 Hazardous Location Drawings

The limits of all hazardous areas clearly identified in accordance with the CEC.

The class, division and group of each hazard will also be specified c/w the limits of the area involved.

4.1.4.13 Installation Detail Drawings

Installation details for all major equipment. One typical drawing may be used for similar installations.

Installation details for all grounding, lighting and raceways

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4.1.4.14 Manufacturers Drawings (Vendors drawings for all main

equipment) Manufacturers drawings for major items of electrical

equipment. 4.1.4.15 As-built drawings after completion

Incorporation of all field changes Any additional information that may be beneficial

during construction. 4.2 Schedules 4.2.1 The MCC and/or switchboard schedule is an expedient means to define

the electrical design requirements for each load supplied from the MCC. The following information will be furnished on the schedule format: Identification of the MCC by its location number and system

designation Service description of load, its assigned identification number, its

system designation, and its rating in appropriate unit The MCC cubicle number feeding the load and its vertical cubicle

dimension Horsepower rating, service factor, the full load current (FLA), locked

rotor current (LRA), and feeder cable size for motor load Control point, whether local or remote, from which the load can be

controlled Fuse disconnect switch or breaker rating requirements, including

frame size, continuous current rating, and trip setting or fuse type and rating

Starter size, type, and overload element or solid-state trip device settings

Control transformer rating and associated fuse rating Breaker or disconnect switch number assigned to the load Motor space heater requirements, if applicable Any special design features, such as adding a relay or switch, etc.

4.2.2 Power cable, control cable and Instrumentation cable schedules showing, conductor size, type of insulation (shield), and estimated length tray number, size, type and estimated length number of cables in the tray for all power, control, alarm and

instrument circuits The cable sequence will be in numerical order according to cable

No., sorted between single cable and multicore cables 4.2.3 Load List (load-equipment schedule) showing,

equipment identification equipment location rated voltage and rated power

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normal power demand normal power factor at actual demand equipment requiring UPS equipment requiring standby power supply during outage of normal

power 4.2.4 Protective device schedule A list of protection relays and fuses showing,

Functional identification of all devices Device location Manufacturers name Device model and/or type Voltage and current rating Voltage, current and time setting ranges Actual voltage, current and time settings

4.3 Design Briefs (design notes)

Motor List Demand load calculations Short circuit calculations Load flow and voltage drop calculations Cable sizing calculations Protective relay coordination Restart, re-acceleration times if required by process

4.4 Electrical Specifications and Equipment Data Sheets

The following electrical specifications will support the electrical design: General Electrical Specification (design criteria) High Voltage Switchgear Recording and indicating metering High Voltage Power Transformer Low Voltage Switchgear Low Voltage Motor Control Center Low voltage switchboards High Voltage Power Cable Medium Voltage Power Cable Low Voltage Power and Control Cable Low Voltage Induction Motors 300 kW and less Station Battery and Battery Charger Uninterruptible Power Supply System Emergency diesel generator Electrical installation

4.5 Commissioning Documents 4.5.1 Detailed commissioning procedures will be supplied prior to

commissioning of the electrical system, for client approval.

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4.5.2 Fully indexed, As-Built binders will be provided containing

single line diagrams, equipment specifications commissioning procedures vendor data sheets and maintenance procedures fault calculations, coordination curves & settings of all protective

relays & devices 5.0 AMBIENT CONDITIONS

5.1 Project specific ambient conditions will be followed in the design and

selection of equipment and materials. 5.2 The equipment and materials will be designed to operate under the

following conditions:

Altitude: 584 meters above sea level

Maximum Temperatures: 40oC

Minimum Temperatures: -40oC

Relative Humidity: Indoor 25-50% Outdoor 20-100%

Unusual Conditions: Magnetic, radio frequency,

gamma and neutron radiations 5.3 Effective ambient temperature inside a non-ventilated equipment

enclosure exposed to the sun will be considered as 51oC due to combined effects of a 40oC ambient outside the enclosure, 8oC rise from solar radiation, and an assumed 3oC rise caused by an internal heater or other heat producing device.

6.0 DESIGN PHISOLOPHY 6.1 Utility Requirements 6.1.1 The power requirements for the facilities are as follows:

Present demand load of 12 MW Present connected load of 13.95 MW Future additional load of 2 MW

6.1.2 Utility phasing/phase rotation requirements will be provided by U of S

Facilities Management and will be shown on overall single line diagram.

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6.1.3 Maximum and minimum short circuit contribution from utility source will be provided by the U of S Facilities Management.

6.1.4 Utility power metering will be provided as described in section 6.25. 6.2 Power Supply 6.2.1 Power supply to the CLS facilities will be provided by two independent

sources (different incoming distribution lines). The minimum capacity of each supply feeder will be sufficient to supply 120% of the maximum operating load for non-transformer loads plus 100% of the sum of the full-load maximum site ratings of the connected transformers.

6.2.2 Power supply interface with the CLS facilities will be at the 25 kV bus of

the main switchgear (primary selective). The 25 kV bus will be double ended, connected via a normally open tie-breaker that may be manually closed upon loss of one feeder. All feeders from main switchgear to the CLS facilities will be radial.

6.2.3 The power supply to the facilities will be metered using Demand-Energy

type metering. 6.2.4 Where possible, power to the electronic load equipment will be provided

at higher voltage (600Y/347V) instead at the actual equipment utilization voltage (208 Y/120V) to achieve the following benefits.

Lower system impedance to provide a more stable source with

better voltage regulation and to minimize voltage distortion due to the non-linear load currents.

Step-down transformers (and other power enhancement devices) located close to the electronic load equipment to minimize the buildup of common mode voltages. Delta-connected transformer primaries trap balanced triplen harmonic currents generated on the secondary side by non-linear electronic load equipment that helps to reduce distortion of the voltage waveform at 600 V level as well as helps to attenuate disturbances originating at the 600 V system.

Distribute power at lower currents resulting in lower heat losses in feeders and decrease material and labour costs associated with installing long feeder circuits.

6.2.5 General building loads (such as lighting, heating, ventilation, air

conditioning and process cooling equipment) and electronic load equipment (klystrons, power supplies, beam lines, etc.) will be supplied from separate switchgears respectively. The switchgear for general building loads will be designated dirty power switchgear and switchgear for electronic load equipment will be called clean power switchgear.

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6.2.6 Electronic load equipment will be powered through dedicated feeder cable circuits consisting of phase conductors, neutral conductor (where applicable) and insulated equipment grounding conductor(s) in effectively grounded and bonded metallic conduit, raceway or cable assemblies.

6.2.7 Where shared feeder cable circuits or busway (with taps) are used to

serve electronic load equipment, a separately derived source (such as an isolation transformer or other power conditioner) will be specified for each tap serving electronic load equipment.

6.2.8 Where interface of electronic load equipment to the building electrical

distribution system branch circuit is necessary, a dry-type shielded isolation transformer (or other power enhancement device) will be installed to provide system voltage matching and also create a separately derived source.

6.2.9 For any voltage drop exceeding 25% for second, the facilities will

require a new start up. An automatic re-acceleration of motors or a restart of equipment will not be provided.

6.3 System Voltage and Frequency 6.3.1 The alternating current frequency for power system will be 60 Hertz.

Nominal system voltage and the respective grounding will be as per the following table.

Nominal Voltage Phase Configuration Grounding

25000 Three Three Wire Solidly Grounded 600Y/347 Three Four Wire Solidly Grounded 600 Three Three Wire Solidly Grounded 480Y/277 Three Four Wire Solidly Grounded 480 Three Three Wire Solidly Grounded 208Y/120 Three Four Wire Solidly Grounded 120 Single Two Wire Solidly Grounded

6.3.2 The nominal system voltage requirements do not apply to dedicated

(captive) transformers in specialty applications such as supplying special electronic equipment and submersible pump motors.

6.3.3 Existing ungrounded systems and existing systems with different voltage

levels are not required to be changed retroactively. 6.4 Steady-state Utilization Voltage Levels 6.4.1 Existing Facilities (Linac)

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Low Voltage Switchgear 480 V Low Voltage Distribution panels 480 V 208 V 120 V Low Voltage Motors 460 V 115 V

6.4.2 New Facilities

HV Switchgear 25 kV Low Voltage MCCs or switchracks 600 V Low Voltage Distribution Panels 600 V 347 V 120 V High Voltage Cable - Substation 25 kV Low Voltage Power Cable 600 V Low Voltage Control Cable 120 V Instrumentation Cable (excluding 300 V Thermocouples and/or RTDs) Thermocouple and/or RTDs Cable 300 V Low Voltage Motors 600 V Safety Interlock System 120 VAC Trip coils and protective relaying 125 V DC Shut-down solenoids 48 V DC Alarms 24 V DC Motors 151 kW to 800 kW 4160 V Motors 0.56 kW to 151 kW 600 V Motors less than 0.56 kW 208 V

6.5 Insulation Co-ordination 6.5.1 The objective of insulation co-ordination is to achieve an optimum

economic balance between investment in the surge protective system and investment in the apparatus insulation required to withstand surges.

6.5.2 The insulation co-ordination will be achieved by properly selecting:

Surge arrester ratings, class and location. Line-to-ground and line-to-line minimum clearances. Equipment Basic Insulation Level (BIL) and Basic Switching Level

(BSL).

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Creepage distance requirements. 6.5.3 Surge arrester selection and application will be in accordance with

ANSI/IEEE Std C62.11 IEEE standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arrester for AC Power Circuits and ANSI/IEEE Std C62.22 IEEE Guide for the Application of Metal-Oxide Arresters for Alternating-Current Systems

6.5.4 Insulation levels of 25 KV power cables will be specified based on fault

clearing time for the system voltage being used and as described below:

100% insulation level will be used where relay protection is such that ground faults will be cleared as rapidly as possible, but in any case, within one minute of occurrence. Usually, these are solidly grounded systems.

133% insulation level will be used where fault-clearing time is not within the one-minute criterion but offering adequate assurance that the fault will be cleared within one hour. Usually, these are ungrounded systems. The 133% insulation level is the most common and is recommended for delta ungrounded systems

173% insulation level will be used where fault-clearing time is indefinite. Usually, 173% insulation level is used for resonant grounded systems.

6.5.5 Insulation levels (BILs) will be as follows:

25 kV Load Interrupter Switchgear 125 kV (existing switchgear supplied by U of S) 25 kV/600 V Transformer Primary Windings 150 kV 25 kV/600 V Transformer Secondary Windings 50 kV 25 kV Power Cables 28 kV 600 V Power Cables 1 kV AC Control Cables 0.6 kV

6.6 Bus Ratings

25 kV Load Interrupter Switchgear 600 A (existing switchgear supplied by U of S) 600 Volts MCCs 2500 A

6.7 Nameplate Voltage Ratings of Standard Induction Motors Nominal System Voltage Nameplate Voltage Single-phase motors 120 115 Three-phase motors

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208 200 480 460 600 575 6.8 Electrical Clearances Clearances will be in accordance with the applicable sections of the CEC. 6.9 Reliability 6.9.1 The design of the power system will be based on the need to provide a

stable source of electrical power and to minimize any down time associated with the system as a whole or the individual components thereof.

6.9.2 The reliability of the system will be enhanced by:

a reliance on accepted national and international standards, a careful screening of suppliers, application of redundancy principles in system design if required.

6.10 Provision for Future Expansion 6.10.1 Sufficient power capacity will be installed to service the expected peak

loads for the ensuing five years. As the forecast for future energy increases, additional equipment may be required to install.

6.10.2 Any increase in capacity will be achieved through the installation of

additional equipment as opposed to replacement with larger sizes. 6.10.3 All switchgear (low, medium and high voltage) and operator control panels

will be manufactured and installed to permit future additional cubicles to be easily added to the lineup.

6.11 Spare Capacities 6.11.1 For transformers, the initial (actual calculated) running load will not exceed

80 percent of the self cooled (OA) rating with the maximum rating used for sizing the cabling or bus duct.

6.11.2 Main breakers and busses will be sized to allow use of the transformers

maximum capacity for transformers 1000 kVA and larger. 6.11.3 A reserve allowance of 50% (exclusive of future expansions) will be

allowed for main distribution space requirements

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6.11.4 Future space for breakers and MCCs will be specified as a percentage of the installed equipment or a number of certain sizes. Since fully equipped spares are expensive, spaces equipped with necessary hardware are more economical to provide. A minimum of one spare space will be provided in switchgear, two spare spaces in medium voltage MCCs and 20% spare spaces in low voltage MCCs.

6.11.5 The bus will be sized to allow for 20% more loads. Also MCCs will be

purchased and arranged so that additional sections can be added to both ends.

6.11.6 Lighting panels feeding office areas will not be filled more than 70% and

laboratory areas will not be filled more than 60%. 6.11.7 Larger spare capacity factors may be necessary in the beginning stages

of the project when the loads are uncertain. For calculating loads to allow for undetermined loads that usually show up later in the project, 1 horsepower = 1 kVA will be used for all motors.

6.12 Isolation Philosophy 6.12.1 All packaged equipment will have provision to disconnect from its power

supply locally. 6.12.2 All motors will have provision to be disconnected from its power supply

either locally or at the MCC. 6.12.3 All power feeders will be isolated through the use of breakers and/or

switches in the switchgear/MCC/switchboard. 6.12.4 All lighting panels will have a breaker to disconnect it from its power

supply. 6.12.5 All control panels will have a switch to disconnect it from its power supply. 6.12.6 Motor stop circuit will be hard-wired from MCC via interposing relays to the

facilities safeguarding (emergency shutdown) system. 6.12.7 Emergency shutdown of equipment, if required, will be possible

irrespective of any PLC/microprocessor failure. 6.13 Motor control 6.13.1 Electric motor drives will receive start and stop commands in the field,

local to the motor drive. 6.13.2 Operational start and stop commands will be provided via DCS/PLC.

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6.13.3 Emergency stop commands will be provided via the facilities safeguarding

(emergency shutdown) system. 6.14 Load Classification 6.14.1 The loads will be categorized as continuous and non-continuous loads

based on CEC. 6.14.2 Demand factors will be applied to motors that are known to operate at less

than full load or when the load is cyclical or intermittent. Applying demand factors will provide the most economical system.

6.14.3 Calculated running loads will be obtained from the pump calculation

sheets. Spare pumps will be added to the load list as a zero load (0.5 for each paired pump). Cyclical loads such as sump pumps will be applied a reduced demand factor (0.3-0.7). Intermittent loads such as cranes will have a demand factor based on the percent of the time they are used (0. 1-0.25).

6.14.4 Lighting loads will be added with a 100% demand factor. 6.15 Critical Loads 6.15.1 Critical loads or loads requiring a high degree of availability will be

supplied by a UPS system and/or a standby generator capable of automatically supplying the required power within 10 seconds after a power failure.

6.16 Design Factors 6.16.1 Electrical power and associated control equipment will be designed to

withstand the effects of voltage depression resulting from a three phase short circuit on the distribution network.

6.16.2 The network will be designed such that any piece of electrical equipment

can safely be taken out of service for maintenance purposes. 6.16.3 Available fault levels within the electrical system will be sufficient to start

and operate any electrical load without disrupting operation of other equipment.

6.16.4 Rating of protective equipment will be adequate to detect and isolate

electrical faults anywhere within the system. 6.16.5 Voltage drops at normal operating conditions are not to exceed 3%.

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6.16.6 Voltage drop at motor terminals during starting is not to exceed 20%. 6.16.7 Voltage drop on a feeder bus during starting is not to exceed 5% (10% for

large motors with infrequent starts). Appropriate measures like capacitor assisted starting, reduced voltage starting, soft start and transformer on-load tap changers will be selected so as not to exceed voltage drops

6.16.8 Motors greater than 20 kW will be provided with reduced voltage closed

transition, autotransformer starters, or load controlled solid-state soft-start starters.

6.16.9 Motors in excess of 40 kW will be provided with local power factor

correction. 6.16.10 Where motor anti-condensation heaters are utilized, the control circuit will

be designed for automatic operation of heaters whenever the motor is off and, in the case of medium voltage motors, when the switchgear is in the racked-out position.

6.16.11 Transformer impedance will be selected to limit short-circuit currents to

values within the ratings of the connected equipment and to optimize voltage regulation.

6.16.12 The power circuit breakers will be manually operated for non-motor loads.

Static trip devices will be furnished on all load center power circuit breakers.

6.16.13 Breaker-protected combination starters will control motors fed from

MCCs. 6.16.14 Office workstation areas will be designed to accommodate one separate

dedicated branch circuit wiring and receptacle for electronic load equipment and another separate wiring and receptacle circuit for convenience loads or high impact loads.

6.17 Protective Devices 6.17.1 Protective devices will be provided for the electrical system to permit

isolation of faulted or overloaded equipment and cables as quickly as possible to minimize equipment damage and limit the extent of system outages. Major components such as the HV switchgear and large transformers will be provided with back-up protection. Current and potential transformers will be connected to provide overlapping zones of protection.

6.17.2 Protective and isolation devices for HV switchgear will be operated from

independent circuits of the 125 V dc system.

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6.17.3 Faults that have a high probability of not self-clearing will trip and lock out

appropriate breakers and devices. Manual system restoration will be permitted for faults of a temporary nature.

6.17.4 Protective devices will be selected considering the maximum and

minimum available fault currents. 6.17.5 Current sensing relays will be of the drawout case type to permit testing

and calibration without disruption of the current transformer secondary circuit.

6.17.6 The overcurrent protective devices for electronic load equipment located in

switchboards and panelboards will be true RMS type. 6.17.7 To avoid damage to electronic load equipment due to single-phasing

(since most three-phase electronic load equipment can not tolerate single-phase power to its input), electronic phase-failure or voltage unbalance relays will be specified, where required, to mitigate single-phasing events in addition to fuses or circuit breakers (fuses and circuit breakers generally do not prevent all types of single-phasing conditions).

6.17.8 Feeders to radial substations with transformer fault pressure relaying (63)

or neutral backup relaying (51 G), or both, will be transfer tripped through lockout relays (86T) at the substation. The lockout relays will be provided with mechanical or electrical means for manual initiation. If there is no control power battery at the radial substation, shunt type lockout relays may require local capacitors to assist in tripping.

6.17.9 Time and instantaneous phase over-current tripping will be provided for

feeder breakers requiring relaying except that instantaneous tripping will be omitted if relaying exists downstream without significant intervening impedance. If the only downstream protection with which the feeder relaying must co-ordinate is fuses, instantaneous phase over-current tripping will be furnished if selectivity can be achieved. This requires that the instantaneous trip setting be 70% of the peak let-through current of the largest anticipated fuse, and that fuse be current limiting at the fault level of the system where it is located.

6.17.10 Overcurrent protection for primary feeders to power transformers will

consist of an overcurrent relay in each phase. A ground overcurrent relay will also be provided for the solidly grounded supply system.

6.18 Allowable Steady-state AC Voltage Drops

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6.18.1 Voltage drop on cables will be considered with respect to the allowable limits for equipment and motors. Cable size may be increased to reduce voltage drop.

6.18.1.1 25000 Volts circuits

Maximum 1% between main 25 kV switchgear and 25 kV dirty power switchgear

Maximum 1% between main 25 kV switchgear and

25 kV clean power switchgear

Maximum 1% between 25 kV dirty power switchgear and primary of 25 kV/600 volt power transformers

Maximum 1% between 25 kV clean power

switchgear and primary of 25 kV/600 volt power transformers

6.18.1.2 600 Volts main circuits

Maximum 2% between secondary of 25 kV/600 volt power transformer and 600 volt MCC or switchrack providing the maximum total voltage drop from the transformer secondary to the branch circuit does not exceed 5%.

6.18.1.3 600 Volts feeder circuits

Maximum 3% between 600 volt MCC or 600 volt

switchrack and motor terminals, distribution centres, panel boards or transformers that supply lighting, instrumentation, or other low voltage equipment providing the maximum total voltage drop for the main feeder and branch circuit does not exceed 5%.

6.18.1.4 Motor branch circuits

Maximum 3% providing the maximum total voltage drop for the main feeder and branch circuit does not exceed 5%.

6.18.1.5 Maximum 10% at full-voltage locked rotor current (including

total voltage drop in sub-feeder if any) for motors that are to re-accelerate automatically. The 10% limit may be relaxed only under the conditions and to the extent indicated as follows:

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a. Where re-acceleration of individual motors can be

delayed to a late, lightly loaded step of the overall motor restarting sequence. This requires approval of Owner.

b. Where re-acceleration of individual motors, which are lightly loaded (mechanically), is possible with less than 75% of motor rated voltage.

c. Where the total re-acceleration load is small enough to permit re-acceleration in one step without the voltage at the motors dropping below 75% of motor rated voltage.

d. If Client approves dividing the re-acceleration

sequence into more steps, each less heavily loaded than would be required if the 10% limit were held, and provided voltage at the motors during re-acceleration is kept to at least 75% of motors rated voltage.

6.18.1.6 Branch circuits supplying lighting, instrumentation, or other

low voltage requirements

Maximum 3% between transformer secondary terminals and the most distant fixture or outlet (or single user) providing the maximum total voltage drop for the main feeder and branch circuit does not exceed 5%.

Maximum 3% for general feeders (3% maximum of

nominal bus rating at full feeder load current) providing the maximum total voltage drop for the main feeder and branch circuit does not exceed 5%.

Maximum 1% for feeders from distribution

transformers to 120/208 V distribution panels (maximum 1% of transformer nominal secondary voltage at full transformer secondary load current) providing the maximum total voltage drop for the main feeder and branch circuit does not exceed 5%.

6.19 AC Voltage drop due to motor starting

Voltage dips at utilization devices other than motors will not exceed 15% of nominal system voltage.

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Minimum voltage at motor terminals of motors started across the line will not be below 85% of the rated motor voltage during motor starting.

When approved by the motor manufacturer, the minimum voltage for medium voltage motors during starting will be permitted to be reduced to 80% of the rated motor voltage.

6.20 Allowable DC Voltage Drops

Maximum total voltage drop for main, feeder, and branch circuits will not exceed 5%.

The maximum voltage drop in branch circuits will not exceed 2%. 6.21 Working Clearances for Substation Equipment

6.21.1 Unless greater clearances are specified by CEC, the following minimum

clearances will be maintained:

A minimum working clearance of 2 meters on all sides.

A minimum working clearance of 3 meters on sides of equipment having doors or access panels that can be opened to expose live parts and/or required for normal maintenance and/or operations.

The intent of above requirements can be met by gate(s), which can be opened to provide the required clearance.

A minimum clearance of 1.1 meter between pad-mounted equipment and fences or walls installed for the purpose of protecting the equipment from unauthorized access.

6.21.2 Outdoor-Pad-Mounted Equipment

Equipment will be placed on a level concrete pad, the top of which will be elevated a minimum of 100mm above natural grade.

6.22 Separation Criteria/Maintained Spacing 6.22.1 Raceway layout and cable installation will be based on the CEC and

DCS/PLC equipment manufacturers requirements. 6.22.2 Medium voltage power cables (above 600 V) will be installed in raceways

separate from low voltage power and control cables and low-level signal cables. In vertically stacked trays, the highest voltage cables will be in the highest position in the stack.

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6.22.3 Low voltage power cables (600 V and below) in vertically stacked trays will be located below the medium voltage power cables.

6.22.4 Control cables in vertically stacked trays will be located below the power

cable trays. Control cables may be mixed with low voltage power cables if their respective conductor sizes do not differ greatly. When this is done in trays, the power cable will be derated as if all cables in the tray were power cables, because position and grouping are not controlled. Complete separation of control cable from power cable is the preferred practice.

6.22.5 Low-level analog signal cables in vertically stacked trays will be located

below the control trays. 6.22.6 Low level analog signal cables will be run in instrument raceways separate

from all power and control cables and unshielded cables carrying digital or pulse type signals. Unshielded digital or pulse type signals will be routed in control trays

6.22.7 Thermocouple cable rated at 300 V will be routed in the same raceway

and share the same enclosures (boxes) as 600 V cable, provided the maximum applied voltage of the 600 V cable does not exceed 300 V.

6.22.8 Maintained spacing is the preferred method for installing medium voltage

cables and large 600 V and 480 V load center cables in tray. 6.22.9 Trays carrying large cables will be sized for a maintained spacing of one

diameter of the largest adjacent cable. There will be no other cable types routed in these trays.

6.22.10 The advantage of maintaining one diameter space between cables is that

the cable ampacity for free air may be used. For large cables sized on the basis of short circuit current, voltage drop or derated because they pass through conduits and/or duck banks, reduced diameter spacing may be allowed providing a calculation is performed.

6.22.11 To ensure that the field installation does in fact allow the generated heat to

be dissipated, cable spacers or cable ties will be utilized in order to maintain the required spacing and a note will be placed on the cable schedule stating that this cable is to be installed maintain spacing.

6.22.12 When practicable, medium-voltage switchgear cubicles and load center

stacks and breakers will be arranged to permit the cables to enter and exit the tray system in the same sequence, thereby minimizing crossovers in maintained spacing trays.

6.22.13 Power conduits will be maintained one-diameter spacing to minimize

cable derating.

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6.23 Critical AC System 6.23.1 An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) will be provided for critical loads

such as critical field instrumentation necessary for monitoring and safe shutdown of operations.

6.23.2 UPS will include an inverter, static transfer switch, and manual bypass

switch. A failure or fault within the inverter will result in an automatic transfer of the UPS loads to a nonregulated back-up power supply.

6.23.3 The manual bypass switch will be used to transfer the UPS load to the

back-up source for maintenance on the inverter. 6.23.4 To compensate for harmonics created by the connected equipment, the

continuous rating of the UPS systems will support 100% unbalanced and 100% non-linear loads, with a crest factor of three.

6.24 Control Circuits 6.24.1 Switchgear Control Power

6.24.1.1 A dedicated and reliable source of control power will be provided for all switchgear to close electrically operated circuit breakers (switches) and trip circuit breakers (switches) having shunt trips for protective relays or remote operation.

6.24.1.2 A common control power source may be used only for two or

more switchgear assemblies located inside the same substation building, or for two or more adjacent outdoor switchgear equipment.

6.24.1.3 Acceptable systems are as follows:

a. DC close, DC trip (preferred) b. AC close, capacitor trip (as required to match

existing installation extensions or for single breaker installations).

c. AC close, AC trip (only for low voltage breakers with direct acting trips).

6.24.1.4 Where capacitor trip is used, a separate device will be used

for each circuit breaker. Provision of capacitor monitoring is strongly recommended.

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6.24.1.5 In AC closing power systems, control power transformer or control source will be on supply side of the supply circuit breakers, to permit electrical closing of all breakers served by the transformer or source.

6.24.1.6 Maintenance free lead calcium batteries and battery

chargers will supply DC control power. 6.24.1.7 Battery capacity at minimum design ambient temperature,

as specified, will be capable of supplying switchgear normal loads (relays, pilot lights) for eight hours with the charger off and then permit closing (or tripping, in the case of tripping batteries) all breakers (switches) in rapid succession with a minimum time interval of 3 seconds between breaker (switch) closing operations.

6.24.1.8 Automatic chargers will be provided for batteries. Chargers

will be of the solid-state type, capable of rated output with input voltage tolerance of 10% and input frequency tolerance of 5%.

6.24.1.9 Chargers for batteries will have adjustable constant current

for initial recharge, with automatic change to adjustable controlled voltage for end-of-charge, floating and equalizing. Output will be equal to the battery continuous load plus 30 to 35% of the battery eight-hour discharge rate. Charger will have a DC voltmeter and ammeter.

6.24.1.10 Distribution panel and ground detector will be provided for

each control battery. The panel will also provide circuit breakers or fused disconnect switches for battery main leads and for each feeder, including feeders supplying the charger, test and inspection station, and each switchgear control power bus.

6.24.1.11 Feeder circuit breaker trip elements or fuses provided in the

battery distribution panel will be selective with the branch circuit protective devices in the switchgear. Battery main disconnect protective device will be selective with the panel feeder devices and, if a breaker, may be nonautomatic.

6.24.1.12 Ground detector will have a pilot light or meter indication for

ground faults in the control power systems. 6.24.1.13 Alarms will be provided for AC and DC under voltage and

ground conditions in the control power system.

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6.24.2 Motor Control Circuits 6.24.2.1 Where electronically operated controllers are used, motors

will be controlled by:

a. START-STOP control stations located in sight of and near the motor, or

b. Automatic devices (such as a float switch).

6.24.2.2 Where the automatic start device is maintained, the consequences of the motor starting with the restoration of power following a power failure should be considered. The concern is for the stability of the power system at restoration. A special concern with the 2-wire control scheme is automatic starting by manual reset overload pushbutton. A caution sign shall be provided to inform operator of this condition.

6.24.2.3 Undervoltage protection will be provided for all motors

having electrically operated controllers, except undervoltage releases may be provided for application where instantaneous automatic restart after a voltage dip or loss of any duration will not endanger personnel or cause equipment damage. Owner will review such applications.

6.24.2.4 Motors having undervoltage release will re-accelerate in the first re-acceleration step. The total kW (hp) of motors having undervoltage release may be limited by voltage drop.

6.24.2.5 A selector switch will be located in sight of and near each motor controlled by an automatic device (START-STOP not required). The switch will have three maintained position labeled HAND-OFF-AUTO, and will provide the following operations:

a. HAND: Motor can be started manually from a local start control station.

b. OFF: Motor is stopped and cannot be restarted automatically or manually.

c. AUTO: Motor is under control of the automatic device.

6.24.2.6 Selector switch will have the provisions for padlocking in the

OFF position. 6.24.2.7 START-STOP control stations for all motors will be

arranged so that momentary operation of the stop button

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stops the motor. Arrangements where it is necessary to hold the stop position for the set time of the motor undervoltage device are not acceptable.

6.24.2.8 Control stations will be either pushbutton or rotary

shaft/rocker arm operated. 6.24.2.9 All control stations and switches will be non-factory seated

type. Control stations of magnetic contactor type motor controllers will be momentary contact start and momentary contact stop with universal contact blocks. The stop button will have provision for lock out. Control stations will be factory sealed in hazardous areas, where possible. Control station STOP position will have an attachment for a padlock.

6.24.2.10 Control stations will be guarded against accidental

operations, either through design or by field-mounted guards. Non-actuation when a pushbutton is depressed flush with the surrounding ring constitutes adequate guarding. Except in control rooms, guarding will not prevent intentional operation with a gloved hand.

6.24.2.11 Emergency stop control stations on control house panels will

meet the following:

a. Guards will cover the operating button or arm. b. Control will be of the maintained contact type.

c. Control wiring will run directly from the control station to the motor controller. Wiring will not be routed through the motor location.

6.24.2.12 For three-wire control systems, the conductors from the

pushbutton to the motor starters will be colour-coded as follows:

a. Red for STOP b. Yellow for COMMON c. Blue for START 6.24.2.13 Motors on elevated equipment such as air fin coolers will be

controlled from grade-mounted control station equipped with pilot lights. If the motors are not within sight of, and within 8 m of, grade-mounted control stations, additional control stations will be installed on platforms near the motors.

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6.24.2.14 Time delay will be provided when changing speed on two speed controllers or when reversing rotation on reversing controllers. This will apply to air fin exchangers, cooling tower fans or similar equipment. For two speed controllers, time delay will be allowed between fast and slow speeds, and for reversing controllers time delay will be allowed when switching between forward and reverse, or vice versa.

6.24.2.15 Latched switching devices such as circuit breakers used as

motor starters will have the closing circuit broken by all shutdown devices including stop control stations. This arrangement will ensure that controller reclosing is blocked and not simply that retripping is provided.

6.24.2.16 All remote control circuitry will use momentary contacts only. 6.24.2.17 It is preferred that under-voltage protection for all motors are

automatically reset. For motors having under-voltage protection that must be manually reset at the motors local control station, a legible nameplate will be mounted on the front of the motor starter.

6.24.2.18 Motor space heaters, when furnished, will be controlled by a

normally open auxiliary contact of the motor controller and a relay located at the motor. Heaters will be automatically de-energized when the motor is running and automatically energized when the motor is not running. The space heaters will be supplied from the motor control circuit transformer. The space heater control wiring between the controller and the field will be combined with the motor control wiring. The relay will be energized from the motor controller.

6.25 Metering 6.25.1 Full-featured, revenue metering approved digital power metering to

monitor and record all basic power quantities in addition to the following will be provided in each incoming line of the main switchgear.

Harmonic Analysis Transient Capture Waveform Recording Voltage Sag and Swell

6.25.2 Basic-featured digital power metering to monitor all common electrical

parameters will be provided in each main transformer secondary feeder.

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6.25.3 All units will be networked via Ethernet TCP/IP communication with embedded Modbus protocol to CLSs EPICS monitoring and control system.

6.25.4 Any required interface between revenue meters and the Facilities

Managements central control facility will be configured and provided by Facilities Management.

6.25.5 Where current transformers supply remote device such as ammeters or

wattmeters mounted on control house panels (or similar panels), it is preferred that a transducer be provided at the current transformer location to supply a low-level signal to operate the remote device. Remote devices may be supplied directly from current transformers and when so supplied, a legible warning nameplate will identify the secondary leads of the current transformers. The nameplate will be located at all circuit terminal points on the panel and on the rear of the instrument.

6.25.6 Use of current transformers to supply remote devices requires the

approval of Owner. 6.25.7 Remote devices will not be directly supplied from current transformers that

are connected to protective relaying. Any one of the following may supply them.

a. Independent current transformers. b. Independent secondary windings of the relaying current

transformers. c. Auxiliary current transformers supplied from the relaying current

transformers. Auxiliary current transformers will have a one-ampere rated secondary winding to reduce voltage drop in the leads to the remote devices.

6.25.8 Potential transformers secondary leads supplying remote meters will be

individually fused at the potential transformer location. 6.26 Alarms 6.26.1 An annunciator or individual alarm units will be located in the CLS control

room to supervise each of the alarm conditions. 6.26.2 Transformers rated 500 kVA and larger will be provided with an alarm as

follows: a. A two-stage alarm will be actuated by contacts in the liquid

temperature thermometer and will give abnormal indication whenever the transformer reaches its maximum self-cooled

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operating temperature, as indicated by the thermometer. The setting will be 90C for alarm and 105C for trip.

b. A single-stage alarm for each transformer with 2-float Buchholtz

relay (or equivalent), to be actuated by slow gas accumulation. c. A single-stage alarm to be actuated by rapid pressure rise. d. A single-stage liquid level gauge to be activated on falling liquid

level. 6.26.3 Transformer alarms will also be provided for differential relaying if

provided on the transformer. 6.26.4 Switchgear control power alarms will be provided as follows: a. Control battery charger alarm as listed below for each substation

control battery:

Upon loss of AC battery charger, the detecting device will be connected to the load side of the protective device or switch (including devices internal to the charger) closest to the charger in the supply circuit.

Low battery charger DC output voltage High battery charger DC output voltage Low battery voltage

b. Ground fault alarm actuated by contacts in the control power system

ground detector. c. One alarm relay will be provided to monitor the trip circuit for each

DC controlled circuit breaker not controlling a motor.

6.26.5 Motor alarms will be provided as per project requirements. Alarms will be located in the CLS control room unless specified otherwise.

6.26.6 Motor winding high temperature alarms when required will be set to

operate when the normal or anticipated motor load is exceeded and before the overload relay setting is reached.

6.26.7 Operating sequence of motor-off alarm for critical motors will be as

follows: a. Motor running light out and horn silent. b. Motor shutdown from control station light on steadily and horn

silent c. Motor shutdown by other means light on and flashing and horn

sounding.

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6.26.8 A positive pressure ventilation alarm will be provided for each pressure-

ventilated building or room as follows: a. The alarm will be actuated by a switch sensitive to air flow and will

give abnormal indication whenever there is no airflow from the inside to the outside of the building or room.

b. The airflow switch will be a Dwyer Photohelic differential pressure switch (range 0 to 6 mm H2O).

c. The switch will be mounted indoors on an outside wall approximately 2 m above floor level. The opening to the outside will be protected to minimize the effect of wind and prevent entrance of water.

d. The alarm will have sufficient time delay to avoid indication during momentary losses of air flow such as occur when the building door is opened for entrance or exit of personnel.

6.26.9 A single alarm will be located in the CLS control room to supervise

substation alarm conditions. 6.26.10 All alarms will conform to the following: a. Flasher units and relays used in annunciator cabinets will be plug-in

type. b. Alarm systems will be fail-safe type utilizing normally closed alarm

contacts. c. Annunciators will be solid-state type, of modular construction. d. Acknowledge and lamp test switches will be provided for each

annunciator cabinet. 6.27 Grounding System 6.27.1 The grounding system of the facilities will be based on grounding

specification 16390, IEEE Std 141, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution in Industrial Plants and IEEE Std 1100, Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment.

6.27.2 Substation grounding will be based on IEEE Std 80, Guide for Safety in

Substation Grounding so that maximum tolerable step and touch potentials are not exceeded.

6.27.3 The grounding system will be designed such that it adequately provides

protection against potential hazards associated with rise in voltage and sparks caused by electrical faults, lightning discharges and accumulation of static charges.

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6.27.4 The grounding system will ensure safety to personnel in relation to touch and step voltages and protect equipment against damage associated with rise of potential.

6.27.5 A grounding system consisting of a grid of network of medium-hard drawn

bare copper conductors will be provided. 6.27.6 Ground grid conductors will be sized to withstand maximum expected

future fault current for 0.5 seconds. 6.27.7 The system will be designed to limit the overall resistance to earth to two

(2) OHMS or less, measured during the dry season. 6.27.8 All major electrical equipment rated 600 volts and above, such as

transformers, switchgear, large motors, motor controllers, etc., will be connected to the ground with a minimum of two separate grounding connections.

6.27.9 A main ground grid consisting of bare stranded copper cable and

compression connections will be provided below grade throughout the facilities area. Cable risers will be brought above grade from the grid at two or more locations near each site structure. These grounding systems will consist of the conductive metal of approved raceway systems, such as conduit and cable tray, and different sizes of bare stranded copper cable.

6.27.10 Electrical equipment, building steel, and metal components likely to

become energized under abnormal conditions will be effectively grounded by direct or indirect connection to the main ground grid.

6.27.11 Columns and beams not directly connected to the grounding system will be

considered to be effectively grounded if they can be traced to a grounded column through a series of metal-to-metal connections. Conductive coatings at the connections will be considered as an adequate and effective ground path.

6.27.12 Sensitive equipment, such as microcomputers, microprocessors,

electronic office machines, communication and telephone systems, and instrumentation will be grounded in order to eliminate the non-current carrying metallic parts becoming energized with a hazardous electrical potential. These devices will be connected to a single point grounding bus. Therefore, at each location, a local ground bus will be established as the single grounding point where all the individual equipment-grounding connections are made. If several local busses are required, a grounding conductor will connect all local busses to a common bus. The common ground bus, in turn, will be connected to the main ground grid.

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6.28 Lighting 6.28.1 General

6.28.1.1 The lighting fixtures, transformers, panels, receptacles, switches, wire, and raceways, and their design will comply with the requirements of CEC. Illumination levels will be in accordance with the Facilities Management Design Guidelines, Design Manual part C.

6.28.1.2 General process area lighting will generally be controlled by

photocell or time clock and hand-off-auto selector switches in conjunction with a contactor, or by individual photocell within a fixture.

6.28.1.3 Lighting for control rooms, instrument boards and other

similar installations will be designed to illuminate vertical-board-mounted equipment and details without glare.

6.28.1.4 Interior lighting will be switched with local switches

throughout. 6.28.1.5 The main control room should have a luminous ceiling that

will have provision for dimming by dimmer control. 6.28.1.6 Emergency lighting required for egress from buildings will be

provided by an emergency generator. 6.28.1.7 Locally switched and pilot lighted lighting (incandescent or

fluorescent) will be provided in mechanical duct systems, at filter locations and near mechanical units where frequent maintenance is required. In storage areas the lighting will be designed to illuminate the lower shelves as much as possible. Fluorescent lighting will be provided in crawl spaces and/or chases.

6.28.1.8 Lighting panels will include individual labeled circuit

breakers. The panels will be designed so that, initially, approximately 20 percent spare breakers and load capacity will be available for future use.

6.28.1.9 Where practical, the lighting panels will be located in

corridors so that service and inspection can be done without interfering with the occupants.

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6.28.1.10 In main areas, the circuits will be on a staggered basis so that if a single branch circuit breaker will trip any given area will not be in total darkness.

6.28.1.11 Security lighting will be provided for the fenced areas,

building entrances, outside storage areas, parking areas and other specified areas.

6.28.1.12 Lighting will enable personnel to safely exit enclosed areas

following the loss of electric power and lighting circuits. 6.28.1.13 Electromagnetic contractors to enable the switching of all

outdoor lighting fixtures from a central location will control power supplied to all new outdoor lighting.

6.27.2 Lighting transformers

6.28.2.1 The lighting transformers will be 3-phase, 600/347 V and 600-120/208 volts, enclosed non-ventilated dry type with K-Factor of 13, rated for loads with harmonic content. Transformer secondary neutral will be solidly grounded.

6.28.2.2 Transformers will be equipped with 4 2.5% full capacity

taps, 2 above and 2 below rated primary voltage. 6.28.2.3 Lighting transformers for outdoor locations will be compound

filled, encapsulated or hermetically sealed dry type with weatherproof enclosures.

6.28.2.4 Lighting transformer for indoor locations will be dry type.

Ventilated types are not permitted for dirty or below grade locations.

6.28.2.5 Lighting transformer primary and secondary terminals will be

enclosed in junction boxes or a common terminal chamber having adequate wiring space for connections. All secondary leads will be fully insulated and brought outside the transformer.

6.28.3 Lighting Fixtures and Receptacles

6.28.3.1 For selection of lighting fixtures (metal halide or fluorescent), economic factors will be considered. HPS lamp fixtures will be considered in areas where flood lighting is required.

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6.28.3.2 In general, suitable rapid start fluorescent fixtures will be used in low ceiling indoor areas requiring high illumination levels such as offices, control rooms etc.

6.28.3.3 Fixtures for general room or area lighting requirements will

be symmetrical lens and fluorescent types. For control rooms, a ceiling metallic grid parabolic system will be provided.

6.28.3.4 Metal Halide and high-pressure sodium fixtures when used

will have constant wattage high power factor ballasts and colour-corrected lamps.

6.28.3.5 Fluorescent fixtures will utilize T8 lamps with 4100 K

temperature and CRI of 80 or better. Quiet ballasts (sound rated class A) will be used in offices, conference rooms and similar low noise level areas.

6.28.3.6 All offices will be provided at least with two duplex

receptacles adjacent to the desk location. The receptacles will be placed in separate boxes at least 150mm centre-to-centre and not installed in one box.

6.28.3.7 Lobbies and corridors will be provided with sufficient

number of outlets to require no more than a 15 metre cord for power-driven housekeeping machines. One of these outlets will be provided near each caretakers office and these outlets will be on separate circuits than outlets in user spaces.

6.28.3.8 Duplex receptacles will be provided in the mechanical duct

systems at filter locations and near mechanical units in the ceiling spaces and crawl spaces where frequent maintenance will occur.

6.28.3.9 Receptacles will be provided to serve portable lights and

tools for maintenance of outdoor installations of equipment and facilities as follows:

a. Outlets will be located within 5 m of the equipment to

be serviced and about 1 m above grade or platform. b. Outside areas where the equipment or facility is

served with permanent lighting. c. The Owner will review the final number and location of

outlets. These will be protected by ground fault circuit interrupters.

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6.28.3.10 Receptacles in buildings will be provided, as required, to supply electrical equipment not supplied by permanent wiring and to serve portable electrical devices.

6.28.3.11 Receptacles will be single-phase AC and will have a

separate contact for connection to the grounding pole in the plug. Ground contacts in plugs and receptacles will be arranged so that the grounding circuit is made first and broken last.

6.28.3.12 Receptacle ratings will be 120 volt, 15 ampere. 6.28.3.13 Outdoor outlets will meet the following: a. Plug will have shrouded contacts so that contacts

remain enclosed until circuit is broken. b. Plugs will be held in the plugged-in position by

locking rings, twist lugs or equivalent. c. Arcs resulting from breaking loads will be contained.

Plug and receptacle will incorporate arc-quenching design of the main contacts, with means of delaying full withdrawal until extinction is complete.

6.28.3.14 Branch circuits supplying outlets for general use will have an

ampacity not less than the ampere rating of the largest receptacle supplied by the circuit. One circuit will supply not more than six outlets.

6.28.3.15 Ground fault interrupters (GFI) will protect branch circuits

supplying outlets for general use 6.28.3.16 To ensure a reliable, low resistance connection, all wiring

terminations to receptacles will be by screw-compression wiring contacts. Push-in wiring contacts will not be accepted.

6.29 Welding Outlets 6.29.1 Welding outlets will be supplied from motor control centres. 6.29.2 Welding outlets will be 3 phase, 600 V combination circuit breaker and

receptacle type suitable for the serviced area. 6.29.3 Location of welding outlets within unit areas will be as per project

requirements. A minimum of two (2) grade mounted welding outlets will be provided for each process unit. The Owner will approve the final number and location of outlets.

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6.29.4 Location of outlets will provide adequate coverage throughout the unit area

for portable welding machines. Anticipated runs of DC welding cables with the use of welding outlets will not exceed 30 m.

6.29.5 When outlets are provided, welding terminal boxes will not be furnished

unless specified. 6.29.6 Feeders supplying welding outlets will be sized based on a 0.4 demand

factor. 6.30 Raceway System 6.30.1 Cable Tray

6.30.1.1 The main selection criteria for designing and installing a proper cable tray system will be based upon the following: CSA load class Width and height Type of tray bottom Material Span Deflection Fittings Bonding Support structures

6.30.1.2 For power and distribution, generally ladder, ventilated or

solid tray will be specified. 6.30.1.3 For instrumentation, data and communications generally

channel or centre hung tray will be specified, although solid and ventilated tray may occasionally be used as well.

6.30.1.4 Cable tray and accessories will be rigid steel, hot-dipped

galvanized, CSA Standard load classification E. 6.30.1.5 If covers are used, the weight of the cover will be taken into

account and added to cable tray loading. For outdoor applications, wind and snow loading will be added to the weight of the cables, thereby reducing cable tray load capacities.

6.30.1.6 The maximum cross-sectional loading area of the trays will

be as per table 1.

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TABLE 1 Type of Installation Maximum Percent Fill Cable Tray (trough or ladder type) Power cables only (3-inch deep tray) 40 Power cables only (4-inch deep tray) 30 Power and control cables combined 40 Control and electronics cables only 50 Cable Tray (solid bottom) Power and control cables combined (3-inch deep tray) 30 Control and electronics cable only (6-inch deep tray) 40 Wireway 20 Conduits and Ducts One cable 53 Two cables 31 Three or more cables 40 6.30.1.7 The maximum allowable cable ampacities determined for

power cables are based upon 40% fill in 3-inch deep trays (same as 30% of 4-inch deep tray). If greater percent fills are allowed or deeper trays are used, then the maximum allowable cable ampacities will need to be reduced to compensate for the resulting heat generation and dissipation problems.

6.30.1.8 Cable tray supports will be field located by the installation

contractor and placed at intervals not exceeding 6 metres measured along the tray centerlines and also in accordance with standard details.

6.30.1.9 Cable trays must be supported either from overhead or

adjacent structural members. Closer supporting may be required for outdoor installations, vertical installations, and installations where more than one level of tray share the same supports.

6.30.1.10 Trays containing power cables only will be limited to 76 mm

deep. If power cables are installed in trays greater than 76 mm in depth, cable ampacities will be derated accordingly.

6.30.1.11 Where possible, cable entries to electrical power sources

(i.e., switchgear, MCC) will be from below to simplify tray systems.

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6.30.1.12 Trays will be located so that the lowest part of the cable tray support assembly is at least 2.1 metres above floors to maintain minimum headroom requirements. Trays in cable spreading rooms may need to be less than 2 metres due to the high concentration of cables in the area.

6.30.1.13 Cable trays will not be routed through areas where there is

potential for accumulation of oil or other combustible materials on the cables. If cable trays must be routed through these areas, the cable trays must be provided with tray covers designed to minimize the amount of such material reaching the cables.

6.30.1.14 Trays will not be located near heat sources (burner fronts,

steam piping, heat exchangers, etc.) unless cables are adequately derated and suitable for the higher ambient temperatures. If this is not practical or possible, a protective heat barrier will be installed.

6.30.1.15 Circuits in cable spreading areas will be limited to those

performing control and instrument functions and those power supply circuits and facilities serving the control room and instrument systems.

6.30.1.16 Where routed through cable spreading areas, power supply

circuits to instrument and control room distribution panels will be installed in conduits.

6.30.1.17 Extra consideration must be given to the strength of the

support elements (beam clamps, anchor bolts, hanger rods, etc.) used to support vertical stacks and long vertical runs of cable tray.

6.30.1.18 Each section of cable tray will be connected to adjacent

sections using splice plates or approved coupling device and located within of the span from the supports.

6.30.1.19 Where cable trays are located over any electrical equipment,

the minimum vertical separation of approximately 0.90 m from the top of the equipment to the bottom of the tray will be maintained.

6.30.1.20 The cable tray system will be mounted so that sufficient

space above the tray is provided to permit installation of any approved cable-pulling equipment.

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6.30.1.21 A minimum variety of tray sizes and fittings will be chosen to simplify design and inventory.

6.30.1.22 Fittings will be limited to 45 and 90 degrees. Special, 30

and 60 fittings will be used only when required to satisfy special requirements.

6.30.1.23 The choice of radius for tray fittings will be a minimum of 8

times the diameter of the largest nonshielded cable or 12 times the diameter of the largest shielded cable to be installed, whichever is larger. A minimum variety of radii will be used.

6.30.1.24 In general, the recommended minimum vertical clearance

between cable trays will be 300 mm, measured from the bottom of the upper tray to the top of the lower tray. At least 230 mm clearance will be maintained between the top of trays and beams, piping, etc., to facilitate installation of cables in the tray.

6.30.1.25 Two or more horizontal trays located adjacent to each other

will not be located against a wall, unless the vertical clearance above the trays is increased to 813 mm.

6.30.1.26 Where trays are located adjacent to one another, an

adequate workspace of 610 mm minimum will be maintained on one side of each tray.

6.30.1.27 Except as indicated otherwise herein, all indoor vertical

trough and ladder type trays will be furnished with louvered ventilated covers. All indoor horizontal trays located under grating floors or insulated pipe be furnished with solid covers which extend at least 610 mm beyond that part of the trays directly exposed beneath the grating floor or insulated pipe. Indoors, covers may be omitted on those lower trays of stacked trough and ladder type trays where a covered tray at a higher elevation in the stack provides complete vertical shielding to the lower tray. All outdoor trays will be furnished with solid covers. Trays that are specified to have solid bottoms will also have solid covers throughout, including all horizontal runs, all fittings, and all vertical runs.

6.30.1.28 The cable tray system will be electrically continuous. All

trays containing power circuits will be provided with a continuous ground conductor installed in or on the entire length of the tray system. This ground must be connected to the station ground grid at locations indicated on the

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grounding drawings. For cable trays containing control or instrument circuits only, a ground conductor is not required; however, the tray will be connected to building steel at intervals not exceeding 45 metres, and will be mechanically connected to any enclosure or raceway to which the tray terminates. Where connection of control and instrument tray to building steel or at terminations as indicated is not possible, ground jumpers will be used as required to maintain electrical continuity. Cable trays will be grounded at intervals not exceeding 15 m.

6.30.1.29 Effective fire stops will be provided for cable entries into

equipment. All penetrations through walls for cable trays especially into cable spreading rooms and all vertical penetrations through floors will also be provided with fire stops.

6.30.1.30 Where trays extend vertically through concrete floors and

platforms, curbs or other suitable means will be provided to prevent water flow through the floor or platform opening.

6.30.1.31 Cable tray fills will be limited to no more than 40% of the

cross-sectional loading area of the tray except that trays containing power cables rated 2,000 volts and higher will be limited to 30% fill. The 30% fill limitation may be exceeded if a single layer of power cables is installed which does not exceed 40% fill.

6.30.1.32 The electrical conductors for redundant systems will be

separated by arrangement of cable trays and/or protective barriers such that no single event will prevent operation of the required number of redundant systems. The degree of separation required varies with the potential hazards in a particular area.

6.30.1.33 Cable trays containing circuits for redundant systems will be

arranged to minimize the possibility of a fire damaging more than one system or propagating from one system to another.

6.30.1.34 Cable trays will not be loaded initially to greater than 80% of

their load capacity. Snow and ice build-up will be taken into consideration for outdoor areas. Deflections will not exceed EEMAC standards.

6.30.1.35 The cable trays will be separated as follows:

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Intrinsic safe cables in own trays, or separated by barriers.

Instrument 24V, thermocouples, 4-20 mA signals, communications

Instrument 115 V & discrete. LV and Motor control cables/Lighting cables HV Power Cables

6.30.1.36 Providing all conductors are insulated for the maximum

voltage of any conductor within the tray, power cables of 600 volts or less may occupy the same tray, without regard to voltage level of the individual circuits or whether the individual circuits are alternating or dire