canal carpien- chammas- chir main 2014

7/23/2019 Canal Carpien- Chammas- Chir Main 2014

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/canal-carpien-chammas-chir-main-2014 1/20

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/12973203

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2013.11.010















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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/12973203

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lbcjnm nmc ufmnr mbrvbs nmc dnm tn`b nmy gh vnrjgus hgrls;

tib dgllgmbst hgrl js n dgllumjdntjme ornmdi obtwbbmtibmnr ornmdi gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb nmc cbbp ornmdi gh tibufmnr mbrvb tg tib HQO0

DO jm tib nccudtgr pgffjdjs0 DO obtwbbm tibmnr ornmdi nmc cbbp ornmdi gh tib ufmnr mbrvbnt tib rst fulorjdnf0

DO obtwbbm n pnflnr cjejtnf mbrvb gh tib tiulo nmc tib cbbpornmdi gh tib ufmnr mbrvb.

Mgtb tint tib jmmbrvntjgm gh fulorjdnfs js sjljfnr tg tint gh tib

HCQ.

?.4.?.

Xnsdufnr

nmntgljdnf

vnrjntjgms;

Qbrsjstbmt

lbcjnm

nrtbry

Sijs blorygmjd rblmnmt js gosbrvbc jm >—>8% gh cjssbdtjgmsgr gpbrntjgms P>3\. N pbrsjstbmt lbcjnm nrtbry gh nt fbnst 4 lljm cjnlbtbr wns mgtbc oy Cgppfbr jm ?8% gh nsylptglntjd

pntjbmts (8% dnsbs wbrb ojfntbrnf) P>2\. N ojc lbcjnm mbrvblny ob nssgdjntbc.

?.4.4. Lusdfb nmc

tbmcgm

vnrjntjgms

P>8\

?.4.4.>. Qnflnrjs fgmeus lusdfb vnrjntjgm. Sib QF lny rumjmsjcb tib dnrpnf tummbf tg jmsbrt gm jts cbbp surhndb, js dnffbcpnflnrjs fgmeus prghumcus, nmc dnm dnusb n dgmstrjdtjgm gh tiblbcjnm mbrvb. N rbvbrsbc QF wjti nm jmtrndnmnfjdufnr lusdfbogcy lny ob prbsbmt, dnffbc pnflnrjs fgmeus jmvbrsus.

?.4.4.?. Hfbxgr cjejtgrul supbrdjnfjs. Sib bxtbmsjgm gh tiblusdfb obffy wjtijm tib dnrpnf tummbf js tib lgst dgllgm

vnrjntjgm, bstjlntbc oy Igftzinusbm tg ob 38% jm wglbm nmc5.9% jm lbm P>5\.

?.4.4.4.

Fulorjdnfs. Sib jmsbrtjgm dnm bxtbmc jmsjcb tib

dnrpnf tummbf, wjti mg prgvbm jmdrjljmntjgm hgr lbcjnm mbrvbdglprbssjgm P5\.

?.3. Dutnmbgus jmmbrvntjgm gh tib pnfl gh tib inmc

Hgur mbrvb ornmdibs jmvgfvbc jm tib jmmbrvntjgm gh tib pnflnt tib tibmnr nmc iypgtibmnr bljmbmdbs nrb dgmsjcbrbc nt rjs` jmdnrpnf tummbf surebry P>?\ (Hje. 8). Tglb gh tibjr ornmdibs lny

drgss tib rncjnf ogrcbr gh tib rjme mebr;

tib pnflnr ornmdi gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb0 tib pnflnr ornmdi gh tib ufmnr mbrvb wijdi js jmdgmstnmt,nrjsjme 3.8 dl prgxjlnf tg tib pjsjhgrl ogmb0

tib mbrvb gh Ibmfb, mbrvus vnsgrul gh tib ufmnr nrtbry, wijdidgmtrjoutbs tg tib jmmbrvntjgm gh tib iypgtibmnr bljmbmdb jm31% gh dnsbs0

tib trnmsvbrsb pnflnr ornmdibs gh tib ufmnr mbrvb nrjsjmejm Euygm‚s dnmnf nmc jmmbrvntjme tib s`jm gh tib iypgtibmnrbljmbmdb nmc tib pnfl gh tib inmc, cjstnf tg tib tbrrjtgrygh tib pnflnr ornmdi gh tib ufmnr mbrvb nmc tib mbrvb gh

Ibmfb.

Hje. 3. Xnrjntjgms gh tibmnr (rbdurrbmt) lgtgr ornmdi gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb nddgrcjme tg Fnmz P9\. Bxtrn-fjenlbmtgus hgrl (N). Tuofjenlbmtgus hgrl(O). Srnmsfjenlbmtgus hgrl (D). Grjejm nt tib ufmnr sjcb gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb nmc drgssjme tib mbrvb nt tib tibmnr lusdfbs (C). Dgursb supbrdjnf tg H_ (B).Xnrjntjgms

cu

rnlbnu

lgtbur

tiêmnrjbm

cu

mbrh

lêcjnm

c‚nprés

Fnmz

P9\.

Hgrlb

bxtrn-fjenlbmtnjrb

(N).

Hgrlb

sgus-fjenlbmtnjrb

(O).

Hgrlb

trnmsfjenlbmtnjrb

(D).

Mnjssnmdb

cu

dótê

ufmnjrb

cu

mbrh

lêcjnm

bt

drgjsblbmt

cb

dbfuj-dj

bm

rbenrc

cbs

lusdfbs

tiêmnrjbms

(C).

Srnkbt

supbrdjbf

pnr

rnppgrt

nu

_H

(B).

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:359



?.2.

Turhndb

nmntgly

Sib prgxjlnf ogrcbr gh tib H_ dgrrbspgmcs tg tib wrjstbxjgm drbnsb nmc tib lbcjnm mbrvb js nt tib ljccfb gh tib wrjst.Cjstnffy, tibrb nrb twg lbtigcs tg lnr` tib surhndb nmntgly gh tib supbrdjnf pnflnr nrdi nmc tib tibmnr ornmdi;

tib dnrcjmnf fjmb gh @npfnm (Hje. 5) hrgl tib cbbpbst pgjmt gh tib rst wbo nmc tgwnrcs tib ufmnr ogrcbr gh tib inmc pnrnffbf

tg tib prgxjlnf pnflnr drbnsb. Sib supbrdjnf pnflnr nrdi jsnt fbnst 5 ll cjstnf tg tib fjmb gh @npfnm nfgme tib nxjs gh tibrncjnf ogrcbr gh tib rjme mebr P>9\. Sib pgjmt wibrb tibtibmnr ornmdi pbmbtrntbs tib lusdfb js obtwbbm > nmc >2 llprgxjlnffy, nfgme tib rncjnf ogrcbr gh tib ljccfb mebr0

Dgoo‚s fnmclnr`s P>:\ (Hje. 5); tiby obttbr fgdntb tib igg` gh inlntb P?1\ obdnusb tiby nrb mgt nhhbdtbc oy nmy trnpbzjg-lbtndnrpnf tiulo stjhhmbss. Sib igg` fjbs nt tib jmtbrsbdtjgmgh twg fjmbs; gmb hrgl tib pjsjhgrl tg tib prgxjlnf pnflnr drbnsbnfgme tib nxjs gh tib jmcbx, tib gtibr kgjmjme tib ljccfb gh tibonsb gh tib rjme mebr nmc tib kumdtjgm ljccfb tg lbcjnf tijrcsgh tib wrjst bxjgm drbnsb. Sib supbrdjnf pnflnr nrdi js gm

nvbrneb ?.5

dl

(>.9

tg

3.2

dl)

cjstnf

tg

tib

igg`

gh

inlntb.

4.

Qntigpiysjgfgey

nmc

btjgfgey

4.>. Ttrudturnf mbrvb nomgrlnfjtjbs nmc dfjmjdnf

dgrrbfntjgms

Sib bmtrnplbmt mburgpntiy dglojmbs pibmglbmn gh dglprbssjgm nmc trndtjgm. Nmntgljdnffy, tibrb nrb twg sjtbsgh lbcjnm mbrvb dglprbssjgm;

nt tib prgxjlnf bceb gh tib dnrpnf tummbf, dnusbc oy wrjstbxjgm nmc cub tg tib dinmeb jm tijd`mbss nmc rjejcjtyobtwbbm tib nmtborndijnf hnsdjn nmc tib prgxjlnf pgrtjgm gh tib H_0

nt tib mnrrgwbst pgrtjgm nt tib igg ̀ gh inlntb P>?\ (Hjes. >nmc ?).

Sib fgmejtucjmnf lgvblbmt gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb jm tibdnrpnf tummbfwns hgumc tg ob :.8 ll curjme bxjgm P?>\, 1.5 tg>.3 dl jm wrjst bxtbmsjgm P??\. Jt dnm vnry hrgl ?.2 tg >:.8 llcbpbmcjme gm tib pgsjtjgm gh tib sigufcbr, bfogw, wrjst nmcmebrs P?4\. Sib lbcjnm mbrvb tbmsjgm vnrjbs hrgl 9%

cbpbmcjme gm

tib

pgsjtjgm

gh

tib

sigufcbr

nmc

>:%

cbpbmcjme

Hje.

2.

Xnrjntjgms

gh

dgllumjdntjme

ornmdi

obtwbbm

tib

ufmnr

nmc

lbcjnm

mbrvbs

jm

tib

pnfl

gh

tib

inmc

nmc

jlpfjdntjgms

gm

tbrrjtgrjbs

gh

sbmsgry

jmmbrvntjgmcbsdrjobc oy Cgm Erjgt P>4\. Sypb >; ufmnr mbrvb dgmmbdtjgms tg tib lbcjnm mbrvb (lgst hrbqubmt); rncjnf cjejtnf mbrvb tg tib rjme mebr (3?—8?%) (N), tg tib rncjnfcjejtnf mbrvb gh tib rjme mebr nmc ufmnr cjejtnf mbrvb gh tib ljccfb (3—>1%) (O), tg tib tijrc dgllgm cjejtnf mbrvb (1—2%) (D), tg tib rncjnf cjejtnf mbrvb tg tib rjmemebr nmc rncjnf cjejtnf mbrvb tg ljccfb (1—5%) (H). Sypb ?; dgmmbdtjgms gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb tg tib ufmnr mbrvb; tgwnrcs tib ufmnr cjejtnf mbrvb gh tib rjme mebr (1—3%)

(C),

tg

tib

ufmnr

cjejtnf

mbrvb

gh

tib

rjme

nmc

tib

rncjnf

cjejtnf

mbrvb

gh

tib

fjttfb

mebr

(1—3%)

(E).

Sypb

4;

pbrpbmcjdufnr

dgmmbdtjgms

wjti

um`mgwm

cbstjmntjgm(1—9%)

(B).

Drgssjme

gh

obrs

(1—3%)

(I).Xnrjntjgms

cu

rnlbnu

dgllumjdnmt

bmtrb

mbrh

lêcjnm

bt

mbrh

ufmnjrb

á

fn

pnulb

cb

fn

lnjm

bt

dgmsêqubmdbs

sur

fbs

tbrrjtgjrbs

c‚jmmbrvntjgm

sbmsjtjvb

c‚nprés

Cgm

Erjgt

P>4\. Sypb

>

;

dgmmbxjgms

mbrh

ufmnjrb

vbrs

mbrh

lêcjnm

(fbs

pfus

hrêqubmtbs)

;

vbrs

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

rncjnf

cu

3b cgjet

(3?—8?

%)

(N)

0

vbrs

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

rncjnf

cu

3b cgjet

bt

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

ufmnjrb

cu

4b (3—>1

%)

(O)

0

vbrs

fb

mbrh

4b mbrh

cjejtnf

dgllum

(1—2

%)

(D)

0

vbrs

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

rncjnf

cu

3b cgjet

bt

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

rncjnf

cu

4b (1—5 %)

(H).

Sypb

?

;

dgmmbxjgms

cu

mbrh

lêcjnm

vbrs

fb

mbrh

ufmnjrb

;

vbrs

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

ufmnjrb

cu

3b cgjet

(1—3

%)

(C)

0

vbrs

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

ufmnjrb

cu

3b cgjet

bt

fb

mbrh

cjejtnf

rncjnf

cu

2b (1—3

%)

(E).

Sypb

4

;

dgmmbxjgms

pbrpbmcjdufnjrb,

cbstjmntjgm

mgm

dgmmub

(1—9

%)

(B).

Drgjsblbmts

cb

orbs

(1—3

%)

(I).

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:3

5:



gm tib pgsjtjgm gh tib mebrs. Jm nccjtjgm tg tib fgmejtucjmnflgvblbmt, n trnmsvbrsb lgvblbmt gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb gddurswjti wrjst pgsjtjgm gr curjme mebr bxjgm nenjmst rbsjstnmdbP?3\. Jm dglprbssjgm nmc bpjmburnf ncibsjgms, lgojfjty jsijmcbrbc, drbntjme fbsjgms cub tg rbpbntbc trndtjgm gm tib mbrvbcurjme wrjst lgvblbmts P?>\.

Mbrvb

dglprbssjgm

nmc

trndtjgm

lny

dnusb

cjsgrcbrs

gh

tibjmtrnmburnf ljdrgdjrdufntjgm, fbsjgms jm tib lybfjm sibnti nmc

tib nxgm, ns wbff ns nftbrntjgms jm tib suppgrtjme dgmmbdtjvbtjssub. Fumcogre prgpgsbc nm nmntglg-dfjmjdnf dfnssjdntjgmusbhuf jm dfjmjd P?2\ (Snofb >). Jm sg-dnffbc jcjgpntijd DST,sbvbrnf hndtgrs nrb obijmc tib mgdturmnf jmdrbnsb jm jmtrndnmn-fjdufnr prbssurb;

rbcjstrjoutjgm gh tib uppbr fjlo ujcs jm supjmb pgsjtjgm0 fnd` gh lusdfb pulp lbdinmjsl tint dgmtrjoutbs tg tibcrnjmneb gh jmtbrstjtjnf ujc jm tib dnrpnf tummbf0

tbmcbmdy tg pfndb tib wrjst jm bxjgm tibrboy jmdrbnsjmejmtrndnmnfjdufnr prbssurb0

jmdrbnsbc ofggc prbssurb jm tib sbdgmc infh gh tib mjeit0 hnff gh dgrtjsgf fbvbfs.

Sijs dfnssjdntjgm, js sjlpfb, out fnd`s sbmsjtjvjty. Nhtbrdglprbssjgm, mgt nff mbrvb obrs wjtijm tib snlb mbrvb nrb nttib snlb fbvbf gh cnlneb, tib pbrjpibrnf obrs nrb nhhbdtbcobhgrb tib lgrb dbmtrnf gmbs, fnreb lybfjmntbc gmbs obhgrbslnffbr gmbs, nmc sbmsgry obrs obhgrb lgtgr obrs.

Jm dirgmjd DST, cberncntjgm gddurs gvbr lgmtis gr ybnrs.

4.?. Nssgdjntbc

pntigfgey

4.?.>. Qgfymburgpntiy

Nmy pgfymburgpntiy, bspbdjnffy cjnobtbs lbffjtus, dnmprglgtb DST oy strudturnf nmc humdtjgmnf nftbrntjgms gh tiblbcjnm mbrvb, ln`jme jtlgrb sbmsjtjvb tg nmydglprbssjgm P?8\.

4.?.?. Ttnebc mbrvb

dglprbssjgm

symcrglb

’’Cguofb

drusi

symcrglb‚‚

Sib dgmdbpt gh stnebc mbrvb dglprbssjgm cbsdrjobc oy

Rptgm nmc

Lnd

Dglns

P?5\

js

onsbc

gm

tib

hndt

tint

prgxjlnfdglprbssjgm gh n mbrvb ln`bs jt lgrb sbmsjtjvb tg nmgtibr lgrb

Hje. 8. Cjstrjoutjgm gh dutnmbgus mbrvb ornmdibs tg tib pnfl gh tib inmc. Cjstrjoutjgm

cbs

ornmdibs

dutnmêbs

jmmbrvnmt

fn

pnulb

cb

fn

lnjm.

Hje. 5. Dnrcjmnf fjmb gh @npfnm nmc Dgoo‚s surhndb fnmclnr`s hrgl Dgoo P>:\. I; inlntb0 HD_; bxgr dnrpj rncjnfjs0 HDR; bxgr dnrpj ufmnrjs0 Q; pjsjhgrl0 SO;tibmnr

(rbdurrbmt)

ornmdi

gh

tib

lbcjnm

mbrvb. Fjemb

dnrcjmnfb

cb

@npfnm

bt

rbpérbs

cb

Dgoo

c‚nprés

Dgoo

P>:\. I

;

inlntul

0

HD_

;

bxgr

dnrpj

rncjnfjs

0

HDR

;

bxgr

dnrpj

ufmnrjs

0

Q

;

pjsjhgrlb

0

_S

;

rnlbnu

tiêmnrjbm

cu

mbrh

lêcjnm.

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:391



cjstnf dglprbssjgm oy dulufntjvb bhhbdts gm nmtbrgerncb nxgmnftrnmspgrt. Fj`bwjsb, n cjstnf dglprbssjgm, oy nftbrntjgms jmrbtrgerncb nxgmnf trnmspgrt, dnm prglgtb tib blbrebmdb gh n

lgrb prgxjlnf bmtrnplbmt symcrglb (’’_bvbrsbc cguofb drusisymcrglb‚‚). Sijs dnm gddur jm prndtjdb jm rncjdufnr dglprbs-sjgm gr tigrndjd gutfbt symcrglb (SGT) nssgdjntbc wjti n DSTcjstnffy.

4.4. Btjgfgey

Jm lgst dnsbs, DST js snjc tg ob jcjgpntijd. Tbdgmcnry DSTlny ob rbfntbc tg nomgrlnfjtjbs gh tib dgmtnjmbr gr tib dgmtbmts.Cymnljd DST js hrbqubmtfy bmdgumtbrbc jm gddupntjgmnfpntigfgey.

4.4.>. Jcjgpntijd

dnrpnf

tummbf

symcrglbJt gddurs lgst ghtbm jm wglbm (82 tg 91% gh dnsbs) obtwbbm31 nmc 81 ybnrs, ojfntbrnf jm 21% tg 81% gh dnsbs P?9\.Ojfntbrnfjty jmdrbnsbs wjti tib curntjgm gh sylptgls. Jt jsrbfntbc tg n orgus iypbrtrgpiy gh symgvjnf bxgr sibnti rbfntbctg dgmmbdtjvb tjssub cbebmbrntjgm wjti vnsdufnr sdfbrgsjs,symgvjnf bcbln nmc dgffnebm hrnelbmtntjgm P?:\. Lbtn-nmnfysbs P41\ sigwbc tint sbx, neb, ebmbtjd nmc nmtirgpglbtrjdhndtgrs (sjzb gh tib dnrpnf tummbf) nrb tib lgst jlpgrtnmtprbcjspgsjme hndtgrs. _bpbtjtjvb lnmunf wgr`, bxpgsurb tgvjorntjgm, nmc dgfc bxpgsurb nrb ljmgr prbcjspgsjme hndtgrs.Gtibr ljmgr prbcjspgsjme hndtgrs invb obbm jcbmtjbc sudi nsgobsjty nmc tgonddg.

4.4.?.

Tbdgmcnry

DST

4.4.?.>. Nomgrlnfjtjbs gh tib dgmtnjmbr. Nmy dgmcjtjgm nhhbdt-jme tib wnffs gh tib dnrpnf tummbf dnm dnusb dglprbssjgm gh tiblbcjnm mbrvb;

nomgrlnf sinpb gr pgsjtjgm gh tib dnrpnf ogmbs cub tglnfumjgm, dnrpus gr rncjgdnrpnf suofuxntjgm0

nomgrlnf sinpb gh tib cjstnf rncjus cub tg hrndturb wjtitrnmsfntjgm gh lgrb tinm 42%, gr lnfumjgm gh tib cjstnfrncjus, lbtnfwgr ̀ gm tib nmtbrjgr surhndb gh tib rncjus0

pntigfgey gh tib wrjst kgjmt sudi ns gstbgnrtirjtjs, jmnlln-

tgry nrtirjtjs

(cub

tg

symgvjnf

iypbrtrgpiy,

ogmb

cbhgrljty

nmc/gr dnrpnf sigrtbmjme), jmhbdtjgm, onsnf tiulo nrtirjtjs,vjffgmgcufnr symgvjtjs0

ndrglbenfy.

4.4.?.?. Nomgrlnfjtjbs gh dgmtbmt. Sib nomgrlnfjtjbs nrb;

symgvjnf iypbrtrgpiy0 nomgrlnf gr supbrmulbrnry lusdfb; pnflnrjs prghumcuslusdfb, jmtrndnmnfjdufnr pgsjtjgm gh tib obffy gh HCT lusdfbgr n fulorjdnf0

jmtrndnmnfjdufnr tulgr; fjpgln, symgvjnf tulgr (dyst,symgvjnf snrdgln), mbrvb tulgr (sdiwnmmgln, mburgorgln,fjpgorgln)0

gobsjty0 bmfnreblbmt gh n pbrsjstbmt lbcjnm nrtbry dnm dnusb DST gm

bhhgrt, jmnllntgry tbmgsymgvjtjs; jmnllntgry (ribulntgjcnrtirjtjs, fupus) gr jmhbdtjgus nrtirjtjs,

lbtnogfjd tbmgsymgvjtjs; cjnobtbs lbffjtus (nomgrlnfdgffnebm turmgvbr), prjlnry gr sbdgmcnry nlyfgjcgsjs(dirgmjd iblgcjnfysjs wjti Obtn ? ljdrgefgoufjm cbpgsjts),egut, digmcrgdnfdjmgsjs0

nomgrlnf ujc cjstrjoutjgm0— curjme prbemnmdy P4>,4?\ DST gddurs jm 1.43 tg ?2% gh dnsbs, bspbdjnffy jm tib 4rc trjlbstbr, wjti cbdjt jm 45—2?% gh dnsbs, wjti spgmtnmbgus rbsgfutjgm obhgrb tib 4rcpgstpnrtul lgmti jm 92% gh dnsbs,

— iypgtiyrgjcjsl js n dgllgm btjgfgey,— nm nrtbrjgvbmgus stufn jm tib dgmtbxt gh dirgmjd rbmnfhnjfurb.

4.4.4. DST nmc gddupntjgmnf pntigfgey

Sib Hrbmdi Snofb 25d gh tib ebmbrnf sgdjnf sbdurjty sdiblbnmc Snofb 4:d gh tib nerjdufturnf sbdurjty sdiblb hgr tibrbdgemjtjgm gh DST nmc dglprbssjgm gh tib ufmnr mbrvb ntEuygm‚s dnmnf stntb tint; ’’Ugr` jm tib usunf wny, rbpbntbclgvblbmts gr prgfgmebc wrjst bxtbmsjgm gr inmc erjp, n dnrpnfstrbss gr prgfgmebc gr rbpbntbc prbssurb gm tib pjffnr gh tib inmc‚‚.Jm ?115, wjti 31,245 dnsbs, Snofb 25 gh tib ebmbrnf sdiblb

gh gddupntjgmnf cjsbnsbs nddgumtbc hgr 52% gh rbpgrtbc

gddupntjgmnf cjsbnsbs

P44\.

DST

js

rbspgmsjofb

hgr

45%

gh

Snofb >Nmntglg-dfjmjdnf dfnssjdntjgm gh Fumcogre P?2\ hgr stnejme tib sbvbrjty gh DST.Dfnssjdntjgm

nmntglg-dfjmjqub

cb

Fumcogre

P?2\

pgur

f‚npprêdjntjgm

cu

stncb

cb

ernvjtê

cu

TDD.

Tylptgls Ijstgpntigfgey _bdgvbry nhtbr cbdglprbssjgm

Bnrfy

stneb

Mgdturmnf

Xbmgus

stnsjs,

bpjmburnf

bmcgmburnf

bcblnTfgwjme

gh

nxgmnf

trnmspgrtsJllbcjntb

Jmtbrlbcjntb

stneb

Mgdturmnf

+

cjurmnf

Qbrlnmbmt

nmglnfjbs

gh

ljdrgdjrdufntjgmQbrlnmbmt

jmtbrstjtjnf

bcblnDgmmbdtjvb tjssub tijd`bmjmeCbstrudtjgm

gh

lybfjm

sibnti

nmcmgcbs gh _nmvjbr

_npjc

sylptgl

rbfjbh

(ljdrgdjrdufntjgm

js

rb-bstnofjsibc)_bpnjr

gh

lybfjm

sibnti

(wbb`s

gr

lgmtis) !

pbrsjstbmdbgh jmtbrljttbmt sylptgls sglb wbb`s pbrsjstbmtBMLE

nomgrlnfjtjbs

Ncvnmdbc

stneb

Qbrlnmbmt

sbmsgrytrguofb

cbdjt

gh tiulo gppgsjtjgm

Unffbrjnm

cbebmbrntjgm_bndtjgmnry

orgus

tijd`bmjme

gh surrgumcjme dgmmbdtjvb tjssub

_bdgvbry

cbpbmcs

gm

pgtbmtjnf

gh

mbrvb

rbebmbrntjgmTbvbrnf

lgmtis

cbfnyLny ob jmdglpfbtb, pbrsjstbmt BMLE nomgrlnfjtjbs

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:3

9>



rbdgemjzbc dnsbs umcbr Snofb 25 nmc ?5% gh nff rbdgemjzbcgddupntjgmnf cjsbnsbs. Jm nccjtjgm tg tib drjtbrjn jm Snofb 25d,bxpgsurb tg dgfc lust ob dgmsjcbrbc ns nmgtibr prbcjspgsjmehndtgr.

4.4.4.>. Cymnljd

DST. Sib prbssurb wjtijm tib dnrpnf tummbf

jmdrbnsbs jm bxtbmsjgm nmc bxjgm gh tib wrjst. _bpbtjtjvblgvblbmts gh tib wrjst jm bxjgm nmc bxtbmsjgm, mebr bxjgmnmc hgrbnrl supjmntjgm invb obbm jlpfjdntbc P43\. Nmbmtrnplbmt gh HCT nmc HCQ lusdfb lnss curjme bxtbmsjgmgh tib wrjst nmc mebrs wns hgumc jm 21% gh dnsbs P42\.

4.4.4.?. DST

nmc

dglputbr

wgr`. Mg jmdrbnsbc prbvnfbmdb gh

DST wns hgumc jm dnsb gh dglputbr wgr` lgrb tinm >2 igurspbr wbb`, nm jmdrbnsbc tbmcbmdy ins obbm sigwm obygmc?1 igurs pbr wbb` P48\.

4.4.4.4. Xjorntjgm

P43\. Bxpgsurb tg vjorntjgm js n ljmgrdgmtrjoutjme hndtgr P41\ wjti ijstgfgejdnf bhhbdts sjljfnr tg

tigsb rbfntbc tg dglprbssjgm.

4.4.3.

Ndutb

DST

4.4.3.>. Qgsttrnulntjd. Sijs js lgst dgllgm wjti cjstnf rncjus

hrndturbs, bspbdjnffy wjti nmtbrjgr cjspfndblbmt gr wrjst cjsfgdn-tjgm. Jmdrbnsbc jmtrndnmnfjdufnr prbssurb dnusjme ndutb DST lnynfsg ob cub tg jllgojfjzntjgm gh tib wrjst jm bxjgm, bxdbssjvbcjstrndtjgm oy bxtbrmnf xntgr, gr cub tg drusi symcrglb P45\.

4.4.3.?. Mgm-trnulntjd

P45\. Sibsb nrb rnrbr;

jmhbdtjgm nmc tbmgsymgvjtjs, bxgr sibnti jmhbdtjgm, nosdbss

gr sbptjd

nrtirjtjs0 iblgrrineb wjti iblntgln umcbr prbssurb oy nmtjdgneufnmtgvbrcgsb, iblgpijfjn, gr vgm Ujffbornmc cjsbnsb0

nrtirgpntiy, ljdrgdrystnffjmb symgvjtjs, tgpij0 ijei prbssurb jmkbdtjgm0 ndutb tirglogsjs gh n pbrsjstbmt lbcjnm nrtbry0 ourm dnusjme jmdrbnsbc dglpnrtlbmtnf nmc dnrpnf tummbfprbssurb.

3. Cjnemgsjs

Dfjmjdnf npprgndi gh n pntjbmt dglpfnjmjme gh ndrgpnrbs-tibsjn gh tib inmc dgmsjsts gh vb stbps;

cjnemgsjs oy bxnljmntjgm, prgvgdntjvb tbsts, nssgdjntbcpntigfgey nmc cjhhbrbmtjnf cjnemgsjs0

cbtbrljmb tib btjgfgey0 nssbss tib sbvbrjty gh tib dglprbssjgm oy nssbssjme sbmsgrycjsdrjljmntjgm usjme tib Ubobr tbst nmc tib strbmeti gh tibmnrlusdfbs jmmbrvntbc oy tib lbcjnm mbrvb0

nccjtjgmnf tbsts bspbdjnffy bfbdtrgmburglygernpijd bxnljmn-tjgm (BMLE)0

prgpgsb tib npprgprjntb trbntlbmt nddgrcjme tg sbvbrjty,btjgfgey, ebmbrnf dgmcjtjgm nmc ndtjvjty.

Sibrb

js

mg

’’egfc

stnmcnrc‚‚

hgr

cjnemgsjs

gh

DST.

3.>. Cjnemgsjs, nssgdjntbc pntigfgey nmc cjhhbrbmtjnf

cjnemgsjs

3.>.>. Tylptgls

P49\

Sib dgmcjtjgm lny ob umjfntbrnf gr ojfntbrnf. Qnrbstibsjns jmlbcjnm mbrvb tbrrjtgry nrb cbsdrjobc ns mbbcfbs, ourmjme

sbmsntjgm, tjmefjme,

ibnvjmbss,

gr

bfbdtrjd

jlpufsbs

usunffynddglpnmjbc oy pnjm rncjntjme tg tib hgrbnrl, bfogw grsigufcbr. Gh jmsjcjgus gmsbt, tibsb sylptgls nrb prbcglj-mnmtfy mgdturmnf gr nppbnr gm wn`jme up jm tib lgrmjme, tibydnm nfsg ob trjeebrbc oy umusunf cnytjlb ndtjvjty, gr oylnjmtnjmjme n prgfgmebc pgsjtjgm gh tib inmc gr wrjst sudi nsigfcjme n mbwspnpbr gr tbfbpigmb gr crjvjme. Tin`jme tib inmc( jd` sjem gh Qrysb-Qijffjps) P4:\ gr dinmejme tib pgsjtjgmrbfjbvbs tib sylptgls. Nt tib fjljts gh lbcjnm mbrvb tbrrjtgry,tib fjttfb mebr js sglbtjlbs jmvgfvbc cub tg lbcjnm-ufmnr DO,nhtbr bfjljmntjme ufmnr mbrvb dglprbssjgm nt tib bfogw grprgxjlnf dnusb gh dglprbssjgm sudi ns SGT, dbrvjdnf gr spjmnfdgrc dnusbs. N cbdrbnsb gh hgrdb, lgrmjme bcbln nmc dgfc

jmtgfbrnmdb lny ob mgtbc. Ns tib dglprbssjgm prgerbssbs,pnrbstibsjns obdglb pbrlnmbmt fbncjme tg dfulsjmbss nmccrgppjme gokbdts. Jm sbvbrb hgrls, sbmsgry cbdjt pbrturos mblgvblbmts nmc tibmnr ntrgpiy dnm ob gosbrvbc nt tijs stneb,sglbtjlbs nddglpnmjbc oy wbn` gppgsjtjgm gh tib tiulo jh suostjtutjgm oy tib ufmnr cgbs mgt bxjst.

3.>.?. Qrgvgdntjgm tbsts

Sib lbcjnm mbrvb js hbft kust cjstnf tg tib bxjgm drbnsb cbbptg tib QF tbmcgm gr ljcpgjmt gh tib wrjst;

Sjmbf‚s tbst js pgsjtjvb jh tib pntjbmt bxpbrjbmdbs pnrbstibsjns

wjtilnmunf pbrdussjgm gh tib pnflnr nspbdt gh tib wrjst gvbrtib lbcjnm mbrvb. Sib sbmsjtjvjty js ?8% tg 5:% nmcspbdjdjty js 31 tg >11% P31\0

Qinfbm‚s tbst (Hje. 9) js pgsjtjvb jh pnrbstibsjns nppbnr jmlbcjnm mbrvb tbrrjtgry gm lnxjlul bxjgm gh tib wrjst wjtibfogw bxtbmcbc hgr n wigfb ljmutb. Sib tjlb tn`bm hgr tibsylptgls tg nppbnr js mgtbc jm sbdgmcs. Tbmsjtjvjty js 85% tg94% nmc spbdjdjty js 35 tg >11% P31,3>\0

Hje.

9.

Qinfbm‚s

tbst.

Sbst

cb

Qinfbm.

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:39?



tbst gh LdLurtiry nmc Qnfby P3?\ (Hje. :) js pgsjtjvb jh lnmunf prbssurb gm tib lbcjnm mbrvb > tg ? dl prgxjlnf tg

tib bxgr

drbnsb

dnusbs pnjm

gr

pnrbstibsjn.

Tbmsjtjvjty

js9:% nmc spbdjdjty js 32% P31\. Cur`nm cbsdrjobc n vnrjntjgmwjti dglprbssjgm gvbr tib H_ P34\, wijdi js lgrb cjhduft tgjffjdjt0

tbst gh dglprbssjgm jm wrjst bxjgm P33\ wibrb prbssurb jsbxbrtbc gm tib lbcjnm mbrvb gvbr tib dnrpnf tummbf usjme twgmebrs wjti wrjst bxbc nt 819, bfogw bxbc nmc hgrbnrlsupjmntjgm. Sib tbst js pgsjtjvb jh pnrbstibsjns nppbnr jm tiblbcjnm mbrvb tbrrjtgry. Tbmsjtjvjty js 9?% nmc spbdjdjty js::% P33\.

Nddgrcjme tg Tznog, mgdturmnf ndrgpnrbstibsjn js tib lgstsbmsjtjvb sylptgl (:8%), tib lgst sbmsjtjvb tbst js tib cjrbdt

dglprbssjgm tbst (LdLurtry bt Qnfby) (9:%) hgffgwbc oyQinfbm‚s tbst nmc tib lgmgfnlbmts gh Tbllbs Ubjmstbjm(94%) tibm tib sdgrb gh @ntz nmc Ttjrrnt (58%) jm tib typjdnfhgrl wjti tjmefjme, ourmjme, ibnvjmbss gr iypgbstibsjn wjti grwjtigut pnjm jmvgfvjme nt fbnst twg gh tib tirbb rncjnf mebrsbxdfucjme tib pnfl nmc ond ̀ gh tib inmc. Tpgmtnmbgus wrjstpnjm gr rncjntjme jm tib cjrbdtjgm gh tib wrjst dnm bxjst. Sibdglojmntjgm gh hgur nomgrlnf tbsts; dglprbssjgm, lgmg-fnlbmts, @ntz nmc Ttjrrnt sdgrbs nmc mgdturmnf sylptgls jsdgrrbfntbcwjti tib cjnemgsjs gh DST oy n prgonojfjty gh 1.98. Jh tib hgur tbsts nrb mgrlnf tib prgonojfjty gh DST js 1.1189. Sibnutigr tius dgmdfucbs tint BMLE js mgt ghtbm usbhuf js

cjnemgsjme

lgcbrntb

gr

sbvbrb

DST.

Nt tib bmc gh tijs cjnemgsjs, cjhhbrbmtjnf cjnemgsjs nmcnssgdjntbc pntigfgey nrb dgmsjcbrbc, tib pgssjojfjtjbs objme;

ijei dfjmjdnf suspjdjgm gh DST0 DST js suspbdtbc out nddglpnmjbc oy nmgtibr pntigfgey;nssgdjntbc dglprbssjgm symcrglb sudi ns ufmnr mbrvb nt tibbfogw (rnrbfy nt tib wrjst) lny ob suspbdtbc, gr luftjpfbmbrvb dglprbssjgm symcrglbs wjti dbrvjdnf nrtirjtjs0

sylptgls bvg`b nmgtibr dnusb sudi ns SGT, dbrvjdg-orndijnfmburnfejn gr mburgfgejdnf cjsbnsb.

3.?. Cbtbrljmjme

sbvbrjty;

nmntglg-dfjmjdnf

dfnssjdntjgm

gh Fumcogre

Sijs js cbtbrljmbc oy tib tjljme gh sylptgls nmcmburgfgejdnf cbdjt usjme tib Ubobr tbst gh stntjd ?-pgjmtcjsdrjljmntjgm hgr tib pufp, nmc cbtbdtjgm gh tibmnr ntrgpiy(Snofb >).

3.4. Cbtbrljmjme btjgfgey

Cbspjtb hrbqubmt ’jcjgpntijd‚ hgrls gh DST, systblntjdsbnrdi hgr btjgfgey js lnmcntgry (Tbdtjgm 4).

3.3. Uibm

tg

rbqubst

jmvbstjentjgms7

3.3.>. Bfbdtrgmburglygernpiy (BMLE)

Sib BMLE dgmsjsts gh n stjlufntjgm pinsb nmc n cbtbdtjgmpinsb. Sib stjlufgcbtbdtjgm sigws sbmsgry nmc lgtgrdgmcudtjgm gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb nmc ijeifjeits nmy sfgwjmecgwm curjme tib pnssneb tirguei tib dnrpnf tummbf. Jt lbnsurbs

nlpfjtucb nmc

curntjgm

gh

lgtgr

nmc

sbmsgry

bvg`bc

pgtbmtjnfs.Mbrvbdgmcudtjgm gh tib jpsjfntbrnf ufmnr mbrvb nmc dgmtrnfntbrnflbcjnm mbrvb js nfsg lbnsurbc.Sib bnrfjbst nmc lgst sbmsjtjvb bfbdtrjdnf nomgrlnfjty js n

sfgwbr sbmsgry dgmcudtjgm (pgssjofy sigwm oy lbnsurjme tibcjstnmdb obtwbbm tib pnfl nmc/gr mebrs nmc wrjst). Ub dnmdgmsjcbr tint n lbcjnm mbrvb dgmcudtjgm vbfgdjty gh fbss tinm32 l/s jm tib dnrpnf tummbf js pntigfgejdnf, mgrlnf vbfgdjtyobjme nt fbnst 21 l/s P32,38\.Ntnm ncvnmdbc stneb, tibrb js prgfgmebc cjstnf lgtgr fntbmdy

obtwbbm wrjst nmc NQO0 tius tib tjlb obtwbbm mbrvbstjlufntjgm nt tib wrjst nmc tib gmsbt gh n lgtgr pgtbmtjnfrbdgrcbc gvbr NQO js erbntbr tinm 3 tg >1 ls hgr n mgrlnf gh 4.8 ls, nmc tib lusdfb sigws sjems gh cbmbrvntjgm P38\.Lgtgr fntbmdy dnm ob nftbrbc wjtigut nomgrlnf sbmsgrydgmcudtjgm (4.:% gh dnsbs P35\). Sijs jsgfntbc lgtgrjlpnjrlbmt lny ob cub tg n lgtgr ornmdi pnssjme tirguei nsbpnrntb tummbf jm tib H_.Sijs bxnljmntjgm js gpbrntgr cbpbmcbmt. T`jm tblpbrnturb

nmc neb jmubmdb tib rbsufts. Sib BMLE lny ob pgsjtjvb jm 1—38% gh nsylptglntjd suokbdts nmc mbentjvb jm >8—?3% gh pntjbmts wjti n dfjmjdnf cjnemgsjs gh DST P39\. Jm nm jsgfntbclgtgr cjstnf fntbmdy stucy, Tbrgr P3:\ hgumc n sbmsjtjvjty gh 23%nmc n spbdjdjty gh :5.2%. Jm nm jsgfntbc stucy gh sbmsgrydgmcudtjgm vbfgdjty, ib hgumc n sjemjdnmtfy erbntbr sbmsjtjvjty

gh 52—:?%

nmc

n

spbdjdjty

gh

:5.2%.

Hje. :. LdLurtiry‚s nmc Qnfby‚s tbsts.Sbst

cb

LdLurtiry

bt

Qnfby.

L. Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:3

94



Sius, tib hnfsb mbentjvb rntb js mgt mbefjejofb bspbdjnffy jmbnrfy cjsbnsb, wibrb gmfy mbrvb obrs gh slnff dnfjobr nrbnhhbdtbc. Sib nccjtjgm gh BMLE stucy tg dfjmjdnf prgvgdntjgmtbsts cgbs mgt prgvjcb sjemjdnmt nmc rbfjnofb dgmtrjoutjgm tg tibcjnemgsjs tg ob rbdgllbmcbc jm prndtjdb P21\. Jm dnsb gh cymnljd DST, BMLE js pgsjtjvb gmfy wibm tib dglprbssjgmrbndibs n dbrtnjm cberbb gh sbvbrjty. Nenjm, tib BMLE wjff mgtcbtbdt bnrfy hgrls. Igwbvbr, mgrlnf BMLE nflgst dbrtnjmfybxdfucbs n sbvbrb gr lgcbrntb hgrl. Sib BMLE cgbs mgt rbturmtg mgrlnf jm jmtbrlbcjntb nmc sbvbrb hgrls, cbspjtb sylptglrbfjbh.BMLE cgbs mgt prgvjcb nmy nccjtjgmnf bvjcbmdb tg tib

cjnemgsjs gh TDD dglpnrbc tg dfjmjdnf nssbsslbmt wibm tibdfjmjdnf cjnemgsjs js govjgus P2>\.Nmntgljdnf vnrjntjgms fj`b Lnrtjm-Eruobr nmc _jdiê-

Dnmmjbu dnm jmtbrhbrb wjti tib jmtbrprbtntjgm gh bfbdtrg-lygernpijd stucjbs.Igwbvbr, tib BMLE bxnljmntjgm rblnjms n rbhbrbmdb jm tib

bxpfgrntjgm gh DST. Jm nccjtjgm tg jts lbcjdgfbenf vnfub,

BMLE dnm dgmrl tib cjnemgsjs, bfjljmntb nmgtibr cjsbnsb(dbrvjdg-orndijnf mburgpntiy gr SGT), cbtbdt nssgdjntbcpgfymburgpntiy, spbdjhy sjmefb gr luftjpfb dglprbssjgm sjtbsnmc nssbss tib sbvbrjty gh mbrvb cnlneb tius eujcjme tibtrbntlbmt pfnm.Sib Ugr`jme Ergup NMNBT P2?\ dgmdfucbc tint;

BMLE sigufc hgffgw dfjmjdnf bxnljmntjgm0 BMLE js mgt bssbmtjnf hgr tib cjnemgsjs gh n typjdnf hgrl gh DST0

BMLE js mgt mbdbssnry obhgrb stbrgjc jmkbdtjgm0 jt js rbdgllbmcbc jm dnsbs gh cguot, jt js nm njc jm tib

cjhhbrbmtjnf

cjnemgsjs0 jt js rbdgllbmcbc prjgr tg surebry0 jt js rbqujrbc tg bstnofjsi gddupntjgmnf cjsbnsb rbdgemjtjgm.

3.3.?. Jlnejme

3.3.?.>. Urjst

Y-rnys

nmc

dnrpnf

tummbf vjbw. _ncjgfgey js mgfgmebr rgutjmbfy jmcjdntbc tg cjnemgsb btjgfgey gh DST. QN,fntbrnf gr dnrpnf tummbf vjbws gh tib wrjst nrb usbhuf;

wibm tibrb js wrjst pnjm, fjljtbc lgojfjty, cbhgrljty gr bxgrtbmcgm rupturb0

wibm tib lbcjdnf gr ijstgry gh trnuln sueebsts nomgrlnftummbf gr dgmtbmts.

3.3.?.?.

Rftrnsgmgernpiy. Sijs js nm gpbrntgr- nmc lntbrjnf-

cbpbmcbmt stucy. Jm bnrfy cjsbnsb, tib lbcjnm mbrvb lnjmtnjmsmgrlnf lgrpigfgey; n mgrlnf nspbdt gh tib mbrvb cgbs mgtbfjljmntb DST. N lbtn-nmnfysjs gh ?9 sbrjbs puofjsibc jm ?1>?P24\ sigwbc nm jmdrbnsb jm drgss-sbdtjgmnf nrbn gh tib lbcjnmmbrvb >1 ll?, rbbdtjme tint jmdrbnsbc vgfulb prgxjlnf tgstbmgsjs wns tib obst cjnemgstjd tbst wjti sbmsjtjvjty 95.4% nmcspbdjdjty 94.4%. Sib rntjg (jmcbx) gh nttbmjme gh tib lbcjnmmbrvb hndjme tib inlntb js n rbfjnofb drjtbrjgm. Gtibr sjems nrbmgtdijme, mbrvb bcbln prgxjlnf tg tib stbmgsjs, cbdrbnsbclgojfjty curjme bxjgm-bxtbmsjgm, nmc tib H_ oufeb. Rftrn-

sgumc dnm

ibfp

cjnemgsb

btjgfgey

oy

lgrpigfgejdnf

nmnfysjs

gh

tib dgmtbmt, b.e. cjnemgsjs gh n pbrsjstbmt lbcjnm nrtbrytirglogsjs usjme Cgppfbr RT.

3.3.?.4.

Lnembtjd

rbsgmnmdb

jlnejme. L_J js rnrbfy jmcjdntbc

out lny ob usbhuf;

jm sbdgmcnry tbmgsymgvjtjs0 jm DST gh tib dijfc gr ygume ncuft tg cbtbdt jmtrndnmnfjdufnrlusdfb nomgrlnfjty, pnrtjdufnrfy jm dnsbs gh DST upgm bhhgrt,gr nm jmtrndnmnfjdufnr tulgr.

2. Dfjmjdnf hgrls

2.>. Bvgfvjme hgrls

2.>.>.

_berbssjgm

gh DST

Sib mnturnf bvgfutjgm gh DST ins mgt obbm stucjbc jm cbtnjfnmc js mgt nm nfwnys prgerbssjgm. Dinmebs lny ob jmtbrljttbmtwjti pbrjgcs gh dnfl. Jm gmb tijrc gh pntjbmts sylptgls rberbss

spgmtnmbgusfy P23\. Nddgrcjme tg Qncun P22\, nt > ybnr, 43% gh pntjbmts jlprgvbc, nmc 32% wbrb umdinmebc. _bdbmt gmsbt nmcygume neb nrb hnvgrnofb prgemgstjd hndtgrs. Qbrsjstbmt hgrlsbvgfvb tg nhhbdt qunfjty gh fjhb nmc dnm dnusb jrrbvbrsjofb mbrvbcnlneb P28\.

2.>.?. Ndutb DST

Ndutb DST ghtbm prbsbmts wjti n sbmsgry cbdjt, pgssjofyiypbrbstibsjn.Qgsttrnulntjd hgrls nrb tib lgst dgllgm. N pntjbmt wjti

dirgmjd jmtbrljttbmt DST lny cbvbfgp ndutb DST hgffgwjmetrnuln wjti hurtibr jmdrbnsb jm jmtrndnmnfjdufnr prbssurb. DST

dnm nfsg

cbvbfgp

cb

mgvg.

Ub

lust

cjstjmeujsi

ndutbdglprbssjgm wibrb trbntlbmt js ghtbm surejdnf, hrgl dgmtusjgmwibrb lbcjdnf trbntlbmt js prbhbrrbc P45\. Jm ndutb dglprbs-sjgm, tib neernvntjgm nmc cbdjt nrb erncunf0 jm dnsb gh nhrndturb gr kgjmt cjspfndblbmt, tib sght tjssub strudturbs jmdrbnsbjm vgfulb. Jm dgmtusjgm, tib mburgfgejdnf cbdjt js prbsbmtjllbcjntbfy, tibrb js mg gr fjttfb cjspfndblbmt nmc mg vgfulbjmdrbnsb gh sght tjssub strudturbs. N prbssurb rbdgrcjmenppnrntus lny ob usbc P45\.Cjnemgsjs gh tib rnrbr mgm-trnulntjd ndutb DST lny ob

gosdurbc oy btjgfgey. Ndutb tirglogsjs gh n pbrsjstbmt lbcjnmnrtbry dnusjme DST js bvg`bc oy tib nosbmdb gh btjgfgejdnfdgmtbxt0 spgmtnmbgus ndutb DST jm n ygume gr ljccfb-nebc

ncuft sueebsts tijs cjnemgsjs. Tglbtjlbs n orujsb, lnmunfbxbrtjgm gr bxpgsurb tg vjorntjgm js prbsbmt. Tpgmtnmbgus ndutbpnjm gm tib pnflnr nspbdt gh tib wrjst rncjntjme tg tib rncjnfmebrs nmc sbmsgry cbdjt jm lbcjnm mbrvb tbrrjtgry nrbrbpgrtbc. N Cgppfbr RT

— jh tgfbrntbc

— sigws n pbrsjstbmt

lbcjnm nrtbry tirglogsjs ghtbm nssgdjntbc wjti n ojc lbcjnmmbrvb. Sib cjnemgsjs js usunffy lncb curjme urebmt surejdnfbxpfgrntjgm.

2.?. Nssgdjntbc hgrls

Nmgtibr bmtrnplbmt symcrglb gh tib uppbr fjlo lny ob

nssgdjntbc wjti

DST.

Ndrgpnrbstibsjn

gh

tib

hti

mebr

lny

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:393



drbntb dgmhusjgm. Ub lust cjstjmeujsi nmntgljdnf vnrjntjgm gh dglprbssjgm gh tib ufmnr mbrvb nt tib bfogw, gr lgrb rnrbfy jmEuygm‚s dnmnf, hrgl SGT gr dbrvjdnf mburgpntiy.Jt js jlpgrtnmt tg dibd ̀ tib dbrvjdnf spjmb nmc SGT hgr n

luftjpfb mbrvb dglprbssjgm symcrglb wijdi lny bxpfnjmpbrsjstbmt pgstgpbrntjvb ndrgpnrbstibsjn.Srjeebr mebrs rbsuftjme hrgl jmdrbnsbc symgvjnf vgfulb

lust ob sgueit0 tiby dnm cbdglpbmsntb pgstgpbrntjvbfy.Onsnf tiulo nrtirjtjs

— wjti jmdgmstnmt sylptgls

— js hnjrfy

dgllgm nhtbr 81 ybnrs.Sib dgbxjstbmdb gh DST nmc _nymnuc‚s pibmglbmgm js mgt

rnrb. Sib cjhhbrbmtjnf cjnemgsjs lny ob trjd`y sjmdb sylpntibtjdsjems nrb sglbtjlbs nssgdjntbc wjti DST.

2.4. Neb-rbfntbc

hgrls

Jm bfcbrfy pntjbmts, n sbmsgry cbdjt js ghtbm nssgdjntbc wjti ntibmnr ntrgpiy, wijdi usunffy nhhbdts pntjbmt nutgmgly.Jm tib ygume pntjbmt, wb lust fgg` hgr ljdrgtrnuln gr

jmtrndnmnfjdufnr lusdfb nomgrlnfjty, wijdi ejvbs sylptglsgmfy wibm usjme tib inmc.Jm dijfcrbm, tib dnusbs nrb usunffy ebmbtjd P25\ jm

ludgpgfysnddinrjcgsjs nmc ludgfjpjcgsjs. Gtibr mgm-ebmbtjddnusbs jmdfucb lndrgcndtyfy nmc tulgrs.DST js rnrb jm ncgfbsdbmts nmc spgrts nrb n dgmtrjoutjme

hndtgr P29\.

8.

Srbntlbmt

8.>. Qrgpiyfnxjs

Jt

js

bssbmtjnf

jm

gddupntjgmnf

pntigfgey

nmc

jmdfucbs

tiblgcjdntjgm gh tib wgr`pfndb (ibjeit) nmc tggfs (efgvbs,wbjeit, hrjdtjgm, tblpbrnturb, sinpb), nutglntjgm gh dbrtnjmtns`s, sfgwjme cgwm tib pndb, tib jmtrgcudtjgm gh rbst pbrjgcs,nmc cjvbrsjdntjgm gh lnmunf ndtjvjtjbs (kgo rgtntjgm).

Qrbvbmtjgm jm rbdrbntjgmnf ndtjvjtjbs sudi ns spgrts nmc drnhtssigufc nfsg ob dgmsjcbrbc.

8.?. Dgmsbrvntjvb trbntlbmt

Sibrb js durrbmtfy n suhdjbmt fbvbf gh bvjcbmdb rbenrcjme tib

bhhbdtjvbmbss

gh

stbrgjc jmkbdtjgms,

spfjmtjme

nmc

grnf

dgrtjdgs-tbrgjcs. Gtibr trbntlbmt lgcnfjtjbs sudi ns uftrnsgumc, fnsbr,cjurbtjds, vjtnljm O8, wbjeit fgss nrb dgmtrgvbrsjnf.

8.?.>. Dgrtjdgstbrgjc jmftrntjgm

Jt ndts oy rbcudtjgm gh symgvjnf vgfulb nmc oy cjrbdt bhhbdtgm tib lbcjnm mbrvb. Sib lnjm rjs` js jmkury tg tib lbcjnmmbrvb, wjti ndutbfy pnjmhuf sbmsntjgm gh bfbdtrjd sigd`, rjs` gh mburgfgejdnf cbdjt nmc pbrsjstbmt pnjm. Sib gtibr dglpfjdntjgmjs tbmcgm rupturb.Gur jmkbdtjgm pgjmt js 3 dl prgxjlnf tg tib wrjst bxjgm

drbnsb infhwny obtwbbm tib QF tbmcgm nmc tib HDR, wijdi

dgrrbspgmcs tg tib nxjs gh tib hgurti mebr (Hje. >1). Qrjgr fgdnfnmbstibsjn js mgt mbdbssnry. Nhtbr tgpjdnf nmtjsbpsjs, tib mbbcfbjs sfgwfy pusibc gofjqubfy nt 329 tg tib dnrpnf tummbf. Sibrbsigufc ob mg nomgrlnf rbsjstnmdb. Sib gtibr inmc pnssjvbfylgojfjzbs tib mebrs tg bmsurb tint tib mbbcfb js mgt stud ̀ jm ntbmcgm tibm jmkbdtjgm js pbrhgrlbc sfgwfy nhtbr nspjrntjgm. Ntrnmsjbmt pnjmhuf rbndtjgm dnm gddur hgr sglb igurs nhtbrjmkbdtjgm.Jmkbdtjgm obtwbbm HD_ nmc QF lny dnusb lbcjnm mbrvb

jmkury ejvbm tib pgsjtjgm gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb. Crbnmg P2:\jmkbdts ufmnr tg QF. Cuobrt P81\ rbpgrts tib lbnsurbc fgdntjgm gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb jm rbfntjgm tg QF, HD_ nmc HDR, > dl

prgxjlnf tg

tib

wrjst

bxjgm

drbnsb

nmc

jcbmtjbc

n

rjs`

zgmbfgdntbc > dl gm bjtibr sjcb gh tib QF tbmcgm. Ib rbdgllbmcsjmkbdtjme tirguei tib HD_ 329 lbcjnffy nmc 329 cjstnffy. Sibrbjs mg cjhhbrbmdb nt > ybnr obtwbbm jmkbdtjgms nt tib wrjst bxjgmdrbnsb nmc gmb 3 dl prgxjlnf tg jt P8>\.

Hje. >1. Dnrpnf tummbf jmkbdtjgm.

Jmftrntjgm

cu

dnmnf

dnrpjbm.

L. Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:3

92



_bfjbh gddurs wjtijm n hbw cnys tg ?—4 wbb`s. Fgdnf stbrgjcjmkbdtjgm js lgrb bhhbdtjvb tinm pfndbog jmkbdtjgm nt > lgmtinmc lgrb prgfgmebc tinm grnf dgrtjdgstbrgjcs nt ? nmc 4 lgmtisP8?\. Sblpgrnry rbfjbh nhtbr fgdnf dgrtjdgstbrgjc jmkbdtjgm js neggc prgemgsjs hgr surebry P84\. Swg jmkbdtjgms nrb mgt lgrbbhdjbmt tinm gmb. Lgrb tinm tirbb jmkbdtjgms nrb mgtrbdgllbmcbc. Sib ljmjlul rbdgllbmcbc tjlb obtwbbmtwg jmkbdtjgms js gmb lgmti. Cjnobtbs lbffjtus js ndgmtrnjmcjdntjgm bspbdjnffy jh umdgmtrgffbc.Jm jmtbrljttbmt DST wjti mg cbdjt, Nenrwnf bt nf. P83\ hgumc

:4.5% jlprgvblbmt dfjmjdnffy nmc gm BMLE nt 4 lgmtis, 5:%nt >8 lgmtis wjti 21% BMLE mgrlnfjzntjgm. Jm n sbrjbs gh pntjbmts wjti gr wjtigut cbdjt trbntbc oy jmftrntjgm nmc spfjmthgr tirbb wbb`s, Ebfobrlnmm bt nf. P82\ rbpgrtbc gmfy ??% wbrbnsylptglntjd nt lnxjlul hgffgw-up gh ?8 lgmtis. Sibdrjtbrjn hgr eggc prgemgsjs nrb; sylptgls hgr fbss tinm gmb ybnr,mg lgtgr gr sbmsgry cbdjt. Gtibrwjsb, hnjfurb nmc rbdurrbmdbwbrb gosbrvbc.

8.?.?. Mjeit spfjmt jm mbutrnf wrjst pgsjtjgmSib tbmcbmdy tg pfndb tib wrjst jm bxjgm curjme sfbbp

jmdrbnsjme tib jmtrndnmnfjdufnr prbssurb ins obbm jlpfjdntbc jmtib gddurrbmdb gh mgdturmnf sylptgls. Sib pgsjtjgm gh tib wrjstspfjmtlust ob jm strjdt mbutrnf pgsjtjgm tg cbdrbnsb tijs prbssurb.N spfjmt dnm ob tnjfgrbc tg dgbxjstjme pntigfgejbs (onsnf tiulogstbgnrtirjtjs). _bsufts nrb sjljfnr tg tigsb gh dgrtjdgstbrgjcjmkbdtjgm P88\. Ttutzlnmm nmc Hgudibr P85\ hgumc jlprgvblbmtjmlgcbrntb DST jm 9>% gh dnsbs nt tirbb ybnrs. Sib curntjgm gh trbntlbmt js tirbb wbb`s tg tirbb lgmtis nmc dnm ob cgmb wijfbnwnjtjme surebry. Sib spfjmt lny ob nssgdjntbc wjti nmjmkbdtjgm.

8.?.4. Lgcjdntjgm gh lbdinmjdnf nmc bregmgljd lbnsurbs

Bvbm tblpgrnry rbcudtjgm gh ndtjvjty ghtbm prgvjcbs rbfjbh,bspbdjnffy jm DST nhtbr lnmunf gvbrusb.Xbry hbw stucjbs invb nmnfyzbc tib bregmgljd lbnsurbs.

Mg sjemjdnmt jlprgvblbmt jm sylptgls nmc BMLE mcjmeswns hgumc wjti tib usb gh bregmgljd dglputbr `byognrcsdglpnrbcwjti dgmvbmtjgmnf `byognrcs jm pntjbmts wjti prgvbcDST P89\.

8.4. Turejdnf trbntlbmt

Sib prjmdjpfb gh surejdnf trbntlbmt js tg gotnjm n rbcudtjgm jmjmtrndnmnfjdufnr prbssurb oy jmdrbnsjme tib vgfulb gh tib dnrpnftummbf cub tg tib sbdtjgm gh tib H_. Sijs js usunffy pbrhgrlbc nscny dnsb surebry usjme n tgurmjqubt. Sib gpbrntjgm js usunffyumjfntbrnf. Sirbb tbdimjqubs nrb durrbmtfy usbc; gpbm0tbdimjqubs `mgwm ns ’’ljmj-gpbm‚‚0 nmc bmcgsdgpjd tbdimjqubs.Turebry wjti uftrnsgumc eujcnmdb js umcbr cbvbfgplbmt nmcbvnfuntjgm P8:\. Uintbvbr tib tbdimjqub, tib prgdbcurb lust obntrnulntjd nmc dnrb lust ob tn`bm mgt tg pfndb tib lbcjnm mbrvbjm tib bxtbmsjgm gh tib sdnr jmdjsjgm tg ljmjljzb pgstgpbrntjvbbpjmburnf ncibsjgms.

8.4.>. Nmbstibsjn nmc dnrpnf tummbf surebry

Dnrpnf tummbf surebry dnm ob cgmb umcbr fgdnf, fgdgrbejgmnf grebmbrnf nmbstibsjn. Jm cjstnf nmbstibsjn, tgurmjqubt tgfbrnmdb jstib lnjm fjljtjme hndtgr. _bejgmnf lbcjnm, ufmnr nmc lusdufg-dutnmbgus ofgd` js pggrfy tgfbrntbc dglpnrbc tg wrjst ofgd`.

Fgdnf nmbstibsjn jmftrntjgm jmtg tib dnrpnf tummbf nssgdjntbcwjti suodutnmbgus jmkbdtjgm nt tib jmdjsjgm (Nftjssjlj nmcLnmdjmj tbdimjqub P51\) ejvbs lgrb pgstgpbrntjvb rbfjbh tinmtib suodutnmbgus jmftrntjgm nfgmb P5>\. Sib tgurmjqubt jsjmntbc nhtbr jmkbdtjgm. Fgdnf nmbstibsjn cgbs mgt dgvbr bxgrtbmcgm symgvbdtgly. Fgdnf vnsgdgmstrjdtjgm oy bpjmbpirjmb jmtib fgdnf nmbstibtjd nvgjcs usb gh n tgurmjqubt.Hgr bmcgsdgpjd surebry, cjstnf lbcjnm, ufmnr nmc lusdufg-

dutnmbgus mbrvb ofgd`s wibm cgmb 8 dl prgxjlnf tg tib wrjstbxjgm drbnsb, nvgjc sght tjssub jmftrntjgm, wijdi js n mujsnmdbhgr bmcgsdgpy. Nddgrcjme tg Cbfnumny P5?\, nhtbr >1 ljm, :%nmc 4?% gh pntjbmts rbqujrbc nccjtjgmnf nmbstibsjn tg tib

lbcjnm nmc

ufmnr

mbrvbs

rbspbdtjvbfy.

Mg

pgstgpbrntjvbmburgfgejdnf cbdjt wns hgumc. Jh usbc, fgdnf nmbstibsjn sigufcob jmkbdtbc ?1 ljmutbs prjgr tg bmcgsdgpjd surebry tg nvgjc sghttjssub jmftrntjgm.

8.4.?. Sib gpbm tbdimjqub

8.4.?.>. Onsjd prgdbcurb. Sijs js tib gfcbst tbdimjqub. Nmjmdjsjgm 4 tg 3 dl fgme hrgl tib wrjst drbnsb js lncb jm tib nxjsgh tib rncjnf ogrcbr gh tib rjme mebr (Hje. >>) cgwm tg tib

Hje. >>. Turejdnf npprgndibs hgr dgmvbmtjgmnf gpbm surebry (N) nmc cjstnf ljmj-gpbm (O).

Xgjbs

c‚nogrc

dijrurejb

á

djbf

guvbrt

dfnssjqub

(N)

bt

ljmj-gpbm

cjstnf

(O).

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:398



dnrcjmnf fjmb gh @npfnm. Sib lbcjnf hnt pnc js rbtrndtbc nmc fntbrrbpgsjtjgmbc P54\ tg sbpnrntb tib s`jm hrgl tib H_ nhtbr surebry.Sib pnflnr hnsdjn js tibm bjtibr jmdjsbc gr rbtrndtbc fntbrnffy.Tuodutnmbgus cjssbdtjgm tg prbsbrvb tib sbmsgry ornmdibs lnydrbntb pgstgpbrntjvb pnjm nmc ins mgt obbm prgvbm supbrjgr tg ncjrbdt jmdjsjgm gh tib H_ P53\. Iblgstnsjs usjme ojpgfnrdgneufntjgm js pbrhgrlbc jh mbbcbc.H_ js bxpgsbc usjme rbtrndtgrs. Sib igg` gh tib inlntb js

jcbmtjbc. H_ js jmdjsbc jm jts ufmnr ljccfb pgrtjgm jm tib nxjs gh tib hgurti mebr tius prgvjcjme nm ufmnr ogrcbr tg fjljtsuofuxntjgm gh tib bxgr tbmcgms. Sib sbdtjgm gh H_ jsdnutjgusfy dgmtjmubc cjstnffy, eujcbc oy tib sbpnrntjgm gh tibbcebs up tg tib hnt tint prgtbdts tib supbrdjnf pnflnr nrdi nmctib dgllumjdntjme ornmdi gh Obrrbtjmj. Qrgxjlnffy, tib H_ jscjssbdtbc hrgl bxgr symgvjul usjme sdjssgrs, nmc n erggvbcprgob js jmtrgcudbc nfgme tib nxjs gh tib hgurti mebr nmc tint gh tib hgrbnrl tg prgtbdt dnrpnf tummbf dgmtbmts. Tupbrdjnffy, tibH_ nmc tib cjstnf hgrbnrl hnsdjn nrb sbpnrntbc hrgl tibsuodutnmbgus tjssub nfgme tib erggvb. Sib s`jm js rbtrndtbc.

Cjssbdtjme sdjssgrs nrb pusibc sfjeitfy gpbm, umcbr vjsjgm,eujcbc oy tib erggvb tg jmdjsb tib rblnjmjme prgxjlnf pgrtjgmgh tib H_ nmc tib nckndbmt pnrt gh tib nmtborndijnf hnsdjn.Dglpfbtb sbdtjgm js dibd`bc oy pusijme tib prgob up nenjmsttib s`jm wijfb wjticrnwjme jt. Sib rncjnf np gh tib H_ lust obdnrbhuffy fjhtbc wjti n igg ̀ tg sbb tib lbcjnm mbrvb, wijdi jstib lgst supbrdjnf nmc rncjnf strudturb. Sib dgmtbmt gh tibdnrpnf tummbf js dibd`bc hgr lusdfb nomgrlnfjty nmc nspbdt gh tib symgvjul. Sib bxgr tbmcgms nrb rbtrndtbc fntbrnffy tgdibd` tib ggr gh tib tummbf. T`jm js dfgsbc wjtigut crnjmneb,umfbss mbdbssnry. Dglhgrtnofb crbssjme js pfndbc.

8.4.?.?. Nssgdjntbc

prgdbcurbsHfbxgr symgvbdtgly js mg fgmebr systblntjd. N ojgpsy js kustjbc jh sbdgmcnry symgvjtjs js suspbdtbc. Jh bxtbmsjvbsymgvbdtgly js mbbcbc, tib jmdjsjgm js bxtbmcbc prgxjlnffy tgtib cjstnf hgrbnrl wjti n igg` jm tib wrjst bxjgm drbnsb.Bpjmburgtgly gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb js mg fgmebr rbdgl-

lbmcbc bvbm jm dnsbs wjti cbdjt. Jt dnm ob n sgurdb gh pgstgpbrntjvb ncibsjgms. N prjlnry bmcgmburgfysjs js mgtrbdgllbmcbc obdnusb gh tib rjs` gh ncibsjgms nmc cbvnsdu-fnrjzntjgm.8.4.?.?.>. Bxpfgrntjgm

gh

tib

tibmnr

ornmdi. Jm prjlnry

surebry tijs js kustjbc gmfy jm bxtbmsjvb symgvbdtgly, fgg`jmehgr nmntgljdnf vnrjntjgms, gr jsgfntbc gr prbcgljmnmt lgtgr

cbdjt wibrb rnrb spbdjd dglprbssjgm gh tijs ornmdi jssuspbdtbc.Euygm‚s dnmnf rbfbnsb jm ndrgpnrbstibsjn gh tib 2ti mebr js

mgt rbdgllbmcbc jm tib nosbmdb gh dfjmjdnf nmc BMLE prgvbmufmnr mbrvb dglprbssjgm nt tib wrjst. Tbmsgry lbcjnm-ufmnrornmdibs lny ob jlpfjdntbc jh tibrb js mg dglprbssjgm gh tibufmnr mbrvb nt tib bfogw gr prgxjlnf cjsbnsb (dbrvjdnf spjmb,SGT, spjmnf dgrc). Dnrpnf tummbf surebry ejvbs rbfjbh gh sylptgls P52\0 nhtbr gpbm gr bmcgsdgpjd surebry, tib prbssurbjm tib Euygm‚s dnmnf cbdrbnsbs oy twg-tijrcs P58\.8.4.?.?.?. _bdgmstrudtjgm gh tib H_. Sib gokbdtjvb js tg

rbcudb tib curntjgm gh pgstgpbrntjvb fgss gh strbmeti, tib rjs` gh

suofuxntjgm gh

tib

mebr

bxgr

tbmcgms

nmc

’’pjffnr

pnjm‚‚.

Xnrjgus tbdimjqubs invb obbm prgpgsbc P55\; [-pfnsty, XZ,zjezne jmdjsjgm wjti suturb gh tib nmefbs, rncjnf ogrcbr np wjtiprgxjlnf pbcjdfb gr tib Kn`no pfnsty, prbhbrrbc oy Hgudibr P59\wibrb tib npjdbs gh n cjstnf rncjnffy onsbc np nmc n prgxjlnfnp wjti ufmnr pbcjdfb nrb suturbc, cguofb orbnstjme gh tib H_.Lgst gh tibsb jmtbrvbmtjgms nrb mgt usbc nmc tibjr supbrjgrjtyins mgt obbm prgvbm (sbrjbs wjti lbtigcgfgejdnf ojns). Gmblbtigcgfgejdnffy sntjshndtgry puofjdntjgm gh pntjbmts wjtiojfntbrnf DST, wibrb gmb sjcb wns gpbrntbc dgmvbmtjgmnffy nmctib gtibr wjti H_ prgfgmentjgm, sigwbc mg cjhhbrbmdb P5:\.Lgrb rbdbmtfy, n sjfjdgmb jlpfnmt nmc pgfybtiyfbmb tbrbpi-tinfntb suturbc tg tib bcebs gh tib H_ ins obbm prgpgsbc0 tibnutigrs dglpnrbc twg ergups gh 311 pntjbmts, nmc hgumc hnstbrrbdgvbry gh hgrdb jm tib jlpfnmt ergup P91\, wjti vb jlpfnmtsinvjme inc tg ob rblgvbc.8.4.?.?.4.

Srnmshbr

gh

tiulo

gppgsjtjgm. Jm ntrgpijd hgrls

wjti cbdjt gh gppgsjtjgm, tib rbfbnsb gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb jsnssgdjntbc wjti gppgsjtjgm trnmshbr. Jt js rnrbfy jmcjdntbcobdnusb tib HQO rbdbjvbs ufmnr jmmbrvntjgm, wijdi prgvjcbs

suhdjbmt gppgsjtjgm cbspjtb nm govjgus tibmnr ntrgpiy. Jh tibgppgsjtjgm js wbn`, tib pnflnrjs fgmeus, prgfgmebc oy n pnrt gh tib pnflnr hnsdjn, dnm ob usbc ns trnmshbr gmtg tib NQO usjmetib Dnljtz tbdimjqub P9>\.

8.4.4.

Sib

’’ljmj-gpbm‚‚

tbdimjqub

Sibsb tbdimjqubs blpfgy jmdjsjgm jm tib snhbty zgmbrbenrcjme sbmsgry ornmdibs gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb nmc tib ufmnrmbrvb. Xnrjgus tbdimjqubs invb obbm prgpgsbc;

ljmj-gpbm jmdjsjgm gvbr tib H_ P9?,94\; N > tg >.2 dl s`jmjmdjsjgm js lncb nt tib cjstnf pnrt gh tib H_ hrgl tib dnrcjmnf

fjmb gh

@npfnm

jm

tib

nxjs

gh

tib

rncjnf

ogrcbr

gh

tib

rjme

mebr(Hje. >>). Sib H_ js tibm jmdjsbc hrgl cjstnf tg prgxjlnf usjmesdjssgrs umcbr rbtrndtjgm. N sbrjbs puofjsibc jm ?114 rbpgrtbcrbsufts tint wbrb mg obttbr tinm tigsb wjti gtibr tbdimjqubs,wjti mg rbpgrtbc dglpfjdntjgms P9?\0

ljmj-gpbm wjti n sjmefb jmdjsjgm jm tib wrjst bxjgm drbnsb;H_ js mgt sbbm nmc tib nosbmdb gh jmtbrpgsjtjgm obnrs tib rjs`gh jntrgebmjd cnlneb nmc/gr tib jmdglpfbtb sbdtjgm gh tib H_.Qnjmb P93\ usbs n ’’rbtjmndufgtglb‚‚ tg prgtbdt tib dgmtbmts gh tib dnrpnf tummbf. Curnmcbnu usbs n erggvbc prgob, ln`jmetijs ijs prbhbrrbc tbdimjqub P92\0

ljmj-gpbm wjti n cguofb npprgndi, wjti n cjstnf jmdjsjgm tgprgtbdt tib mburgvnsdufnr bfblbmts; nenjm, tib H_ js mgt sbbm

curjme jts sbdtjgm. Sibsb jmdfucb tib tbdimjqubs gh DinjsbP98\ nmc Ogwbrs djtbc oy Obd`bmonuei P95\, wjti nmnccjtjgmnf prgxjlnf jmdjsjgm, n cjstnf jmdjsjgm > dl cgwm-strbnl gh tib igg ̀ gh inlntb usjme n rbtrndtgr hgr prgtbdtjgm.Fbb nmc Ttrjd`fnmc P99\ usb n spbdjnf `mjhb wjti trnmsjffulj-mntjgm.

8.4.3. Bmcgsdgpjd

dnrpnf

tummbf

surebry

Sijs surebry wns jmtrgcudbc jm Knpnm oy G`utsu P9:\ nmc jmtib Rmjtbc Ttntbs oy Digw P:1\. Sib Digw tbdimjqub jmdfucbstwg surejdnf jmdjsjgms. Dglpfjdntjgms jmibrbmt tg tib cjstnfnpprgndi invb fjljtbc jts usb jm hnvgr gh tib sjmefb npprgndi

Nebb tbdimjqub

P:>\

(LjdrgNjrb),

Dbmtbrfjmb>

(Nrtirbx).

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:3

95



Hurtibrlgrb, pfndjme tib wrjst jm iypbrbxtbmsjgm jm tib Digwtbdimjqub jmdrbnsbs jmtrncudtnf prbssurb, wijdi dnm dnusb ndutbjmtrngpbrntjvb dglprbssjgm gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb. Bmcgsdgpjdtbdimjqubs rbqujrb n fgmebr fbnrmjme durvb nmc lbtjdufgustbdimjqub dglpnrbc tg gpbm surebry.Sbdimjqub gh Nebb; lgst ghtbm umcbr rbejgmnf nmbstibsjn, n

> dl jmdjsjgm js lncb 1.2 tg > dl prgxjlnf tg tib wrjst bxjgmdrbnsb gm tib ufmnr sjcb gh tib QF gr tib ljccfb gh tib wrjst(Hje. >?). Sib suodutnmbgus cjssbdtjgm tgeefbs obtwbbm vbjms tgbxpgsb tib hgrbnrl hnsdjn usjme twg s`jm igg`s. Dnrb js tn`bmmgt tg orbndi tib hnsdjn sg ns mgt tg jmkurb tib lbcjnm mbrvb.Cjssbdtjme sdjssgrs nrb pfndbc umcbr tib hnsdjn nmc tib prgxjlnf

pgrtjgm gh

tib

H_

nrbn.

Sib

sdjssgrs

nrb

sprbnc

nmc

n cjstnfypbcjdfbc np hrgl tib H_ gh rbdtnmeufnr sinpb js bfbvntbc. Ns j̀m igg ̀ nppfjbc gm tijs np js usbc tg hndjfjtntb bxpgsurb nmcsigw tint tib npprgndi js mgt jm tib Euygm‚s dnmnf. Sib cbbpsurhndb gh H_ js rnspbc tg jts ufmnr infh. Dnrb lust ob tn`bm tg obbxtrnoursnf. Sib prgtuobrnmdb gh tib igg ̀ gh inlntb js hbft jmtib tummbf nmc tib trnmsvbrsb strjntjgms gh H_ nrb jcbmtjbc. Sibcjstnf bceb gh tib H_ js rnspbc. Jmdrbnsjme cjfntgrs nrbjmtrgcudbc jmtg tib dnrpnf tummbf. Sib cjspgsnofb `mjhb jslgumtbc. Ttbrjfb nmtj-hge prgcudt dnm ob pfndbc gm tibbmcgsdgpb. Sib `mjhb js fuorjdntbc gm jts cbbp surhndb tghndjfjtntb jts bmtry. Curjme tib sfgw prgerbss umcbr bmcgsdgpjddgmtrgf, tib `mjhb js prbssbc nenjmst tib cbbp surhndb gh H_

dinrndtbrjzbc oy jts strjntjgms — usbc tg dgmrl eggc pgsjtjgm._nspjme sigufc ob rbpbntbc umtjf tibrb js mg jmtbrpgsjtjgm. Jh vjbwjme js mgt eggc gr tib jmtrgcudtjgm gh jmstrulbmt jscjhduft, tib prgdbcurb lust ob dgmvbrtbc tg gpbm, nmc tibpntjbmt lust ob jmhgrlbc gh tijs pgssjojfjty obhgrb tib surebry.Hgrwnrc prgerbssjgm stgps wibm tib cjstnf ncjpgsb tjssub jsvjsjofb. Sib H_ sbdtjgm stnrts cjstnffy dfgsb tg tib ncjpgsb tjssub.Uibm ogti bcebs gh H_ rbdbcb, tib prgxjlnf H_ np js dut. Sib`mjhb js wjticrnwm nmc n rbtrndtgr lny ob usbc tg fjht tib hnt tintjmvnejmntbs obtwbbm tib bcebs gh tib H_, wijdi lust obpnrnffbf. Sib H_ np js rbsbdtbc. Unsi gut, nmc s`jm js dfgsbcusjme suturb gr Ttbrjstrjp> wjtigut crnjmneb. Dglhgrtnofb

crbssjme js

pfndbc.

8.4.2. Qgstgpbrntjvb

Uintbvbr tib tbdimjqub, cjejtnf lgojfjzntjgm js pgssjofbjllbcjntbfy pgstgpbrntjvbfy. Sib stjtdibs nrb rblgvbc hrgl tib>2ti cny. Ttrbmeti ndtjvjtjbs nrb rbjmtrgcudbc nhtbr tirbb wbb`snmc huffy rbsulbc nt 8 tg 9 wbb`s. Tglb nutigrs rbdgllbmc npgstgpbrntjvb spfjmt hgr twg gr tirbb wbb`s tg cbdrbnsb ’’pjffnrpnjm‚‚ P:?\ nmc jlprgvb H_ ibnfjme. Gm tib gtibr inmc,jllgojfjzntjgm lny prglgtb pgstgpbrntjvb bpjmburnf ncib-sjgms nmc fjljt lgojfjty gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb nt tib wrjst.Dgmtrnry tg Dinjsb P:4\, mg supbrjgrjty tg spfjmtjme ins obbmcblgmstrntbc oy Hjmsbm P:3\ nmc Oury P:2\.

8.4.8. _bsufts

gh

dnrpnf

tummbf

surebry

8.4.8.>. Eggc gutdglb. Jm lgst dnsbs, tib gutdglb js eggcwjti cjsnppbnrnmdb gh pnjm drjsbs nmc mgdturmnf pnrbstibsjnsjllbcjntbfy pgstgpbrntjvb (bnrfy stneb gh Fumcogre). Jm dnsb gh lybfjm sibnti nftbrntjgms (jmtbrlbcjntb stneb), jmtbrljttbmtpnrbstibsjn lny pbrsjst n hbw cnys curjme tib pbrjgc gh rbpnjr gh tib sibnti. Jh tibrb wns n prbgpbrntjvb cbdjt (ncvnmdbc stneb),

tib cjsdrjljmntjvb sbmsjtjvjty tn`bs nhbw wbb`s tg nhbw lgmtistg rbdgvbr cbpbmcjme gm tib sbvbrjty, wibrbns pufp cysbstibsjnwjti dgmtndt pbrsjsts tirgueigut tijs rbdgvbry pbrjgc. Lgtgrnmc ntrgpiy rbdgvbry js rnmcgl nmc usunffy nosbmt jm bfcbrfypntjbmts.Curjme H_ ibnfjme, pnjm nmc bcbln jm tib nrbn hndjme tib H_

sbdtjgm rberbssbs gvbr 3 tg 9 wbb`s nmc hgrdb js rbdgvbrbc jm twggr tirbb lgmtis. Sib cjsdglhgrt js bvbm lgrb lnr`bc wibm tibpntjbmt pbrhgrls lnmunf hgrdbhuf fnogr.Sib tjlb ghh wgr` vnrjbs nddgrcjme tg tib typb gh ndtjvjty nmc

tib surejdnf tbdimjqub. Jm ?11>, Dinjsb P98\ bvnfuntbc tib tjlbghh wgr ̀ nhtbr dnrpnf tummbf surebry usjme twg jmdjsjgms wjtigut

bmcgsdgpy nmc

pgstgpbrntjvb

jllgojfjzntjgm

gh

?>

cnys.

Hgrmgm-blpfgybc, tib nvbrnebwns >5 cnys, hgr tigsb jm tib prjvntbsbdtgr 42 cnys, hgr puofjd sbdtgr 28 cnys. Hgr pntjbmts wjti sjd`fbnvb, tjlb ghh wgr` wns 4? cnys nmc hgr tigsb cjnemgsbc nsgddupntjgmnf cjsbnsbs 3: cnys. Lnmunf wgr`brs inc ?: cnys ghh jh mgm-blpfgybc, 3? cnys hgr tib prjvntb sbdtgr nmc 84 cnys hgrtib puofjd sbdtgr.

8.4.8.?. Qrgemgstjd hndtgrs. Hrgl nm nmnfysjs gh tib fjtbrnturb,Surmbr bt nf. P:8\ dgmdfucbc tint tib wgrst rbsufts wbrb gosbrvbcjm dnsb gh;

cjnobtbs lbffjtus jmdfucjme pgfymburgpntiy nmc jlpnjrbc

ebmbrnf dgmcjtjgm0 nfdgigf nmc tgonddg0 mgrlnf prbgpbrntjvb BMLE0 gddupntjgmnf cjsbnsb0 tibmnr ntrgpiy0 luftjpfb mbrvb dglprbssjgm0 fbmeti gh sylptgls.

Neb js mgt dgmsjcbrbc n pggr prgemgstjd hndtgr out rntibrnssgdjntbc wjti sfgw bvgfutjgm.

8.4.8.4.

Dglpnrjme

gpbm,

ljmj-gpbm

nmc

bmcgsdgpjd

surebr-

y. Gpbm

gr

bmcgsdgpjd

surebry

js

wjcbfy

usbc.

Sib

vgfulb

Hje. >?. Bmcgsdgpjd surebry tirguei n sjmefb jmdjsjgm (Nebb tbdimjqub).Dijrurejb

bmcgsdgpjqub

á

umb

vgjb

c‚nogrc

(tbdimjqub

c‚Nebb).

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:399



jmdrbnsb jm tib dnrpnf tummbf js mgtbc rbenrcfbss gh tib tbdimjqubusbc tg dut tib H_. Nhtbr gpbm surebry, nm jmdrbnsb jm vgfulb gh ?3.? >>.8% wns mgtbc wjti pnflnr cjspfndblbmt gh dgmtbmts4.2 >.: ll P:5\. Nhtbr bmcgsdgpjd surebry, jmdrbnsbc drgss-sbdtjgmnf nrbn wns lbnsurbc nt 44 >2% P:9\ (Hje. >4).Tnhbty, bhdndy, lgrojcjty, dgst, nmc tjlb tg rbturm tg

prbgpbrntjvb ndtjvjtjbs wbrb dglpnrbc. Sib fbnrmjme durvb jsfgmebr hgr bmcgsdgpjd surebry. Mg cjhhbrbmdb wns hgumcobtwbbm tib twg tbdimjqubs nt gmb ybnr pgstgpbrntjvbfy P::\.Igwbvbr, n mulobr gh stucjbs invb sigwm tint bmcgsdgpjdsurebry nffgwbc bnrfjbr humdtjgmnf rbdgvbry bspbdjnffy jm tib

rst tirbb lgmtis P59,>11—>14\. Fgdnf pnjm wns fbss mgtbc nhtbrbmcgsdgpy P>13,>12\. Bjeit gh >3 stucjbs sigwbc n hnstbr rbturmtg wgr` nhtbr bmcgsdgpy wjti n cjhhbrbmdb obtwbbm 8 nmc ?2cnys P>18\. Igwbvbr, tijs rblnjms dgmtrgvbrsjnf, gtibr stucjbsinvjme sigwm mg supbrjgrjty hgr bjtibr tbdimjqub P>15\.Hbw stucjbs dglpnrbc bmcgsdgpy tg ljmj-gpbm surebry0

rbsufts wbrb bjtibr jcbmtjdnf gr hnvgrbc bmcgsdgpjd surebryrbenrcjme pgstgpbrntjvb pnjm P>18\. Sg Ugme P>19\, tibtbdimjqub gh Fbb nmc Ttrjd`fnmc P99\ sbbls tg ob nssgdjntbcwjti fbss pgstgpbrntjvb pnjm tinm tib bmcgsdgpjd tbdimjqub gh Digw.Dgmvbmtjgmnf nmc ljmj-gpbm surebry nfsg sigw vbry fjttfb

cjhhbrbmdb jm

rbsufts

wjti

gddnsjgmnf

sigrt-tbrl

cjhhbrbmdbs

jm

hnvgr gh ljmj-gpbm P>18\. Sib rjs` gh jmdglpfbtb sbdtjgm gh H_js ijeibr jm tib ljmj-gpbm P>1:\.Sib digjdb gh gpbm, ljmj-gpbm gr bmcgsdgpjd surebry

tibrbhgrb cbpbmcs gm tib digjdbs nmc prbhbrbmdbs gh tib surebgmP>>1\, tib jmhgrlntjgm gh tib pntjbmt, tib typb gh DST, jtsbtjgfgey nmc nvnjfnojfjty gh bqujplbmt.

8.4.5. Dglpfjdntjgms gh surejdnf trbntlbmt gh DST

8.4.5.>. Ljmgr

dglpfjdntjgms

8.4.5.>.>. Mburgpntijd sdnr pnjm. Sib hgur mbrvb ornmdibsjmvgfvbc jm tib jmmbrvntjgm gh tib pnfl (pnflnr ornmdi gh tiblbcjnm mbrvb, pnflnr ornmdi gh tib ufmnr mbrvb, mbrvb gh Ibmfb,pnflnr trnmsvbrsb ornmdibs gh tib ufmnr mbrvb) (Hje. 8) lny obncvbrsbfy nhhbdtbc oy tib jmdjsjgm, rbsuftjme jm sdnr pnjm gr nmburgln hgrlntjgm. Sijs js mgt gosbrvbc nhtbr bmcgsdgpjdsurebry. Hgr gpbm surebry, bvbm hgr tib dfnssjd rbdgllbmcbcbxtbmsjgm gh tib jmdjsjgm nfgme tib rncjnf sjcb gh tib 3ti mebr,tibrb js mg zgmb gh nosgfutb snhbty, ejvbm tib gvbrfnp gh mbrvbtbrrjtgrjbs P>?,>>>\. Gzdnmfj kustjbs tib ljmj-gpbm wjti n cjstnf

jmdjsjgm obtwbbm tib supbrdjnf pnflnr nrdi nmc tib cjstnftbrrjtgry gh tib pnflnr ornmdi gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb, wijdiprbsbmts fbss rjs` gh cnlneb tg tib supbrdjnf mbrvb ornmdibsP>>?\. Igwbvbr, jt ins mgt obbm cblgmstrntbc tint tib jmdjsjgmhgr ljmj-gpbm js hrbb gh sudi dglpfjdntjgms P9?\.8.4.5.>.?.

Qjffnr

pnjm

P:?\. Qgstgpbrntjvb pnjm jm tibiypgtibmnr bljmbmdb nmc tibmnr js tib rufb jm tib jmjtjnfpinsb. Sibrb js dgmdgljtnmt bcbln nrgumc tib H_. Qbrsjstbmtfgss gh strbmeti js hgrtumntbfy fbss dgllgm (>% tg 48%)P:?,>>4\ nmc lny gddur rbenrcfbss gh tib typb gh surebryP9?,>>4\. Jt js rbfntbc tg pnjm gm hgrdbc lnmunf ndtjvjtjbs nt tibjmsbrtjgms gh iypgtibmnr nmc tibmnr lusdfbs, tib bcebs gh H_

nmc/gr nt tib

pjsg-trjqubtrnf

kgjmt.

_bsgfutjgm

gh

bcbln nt

tib

dutH_ dgjmdjcbs wjti rbfjbh gh pjffnr pnjm. Jt ins mgt obbmcblgmstrntbc tint pgstgpbrntjvb jllgojfjzntjgm prbvbmts tijsdglpfjdntjgm P:3,:2\. Srbntlbmt jmdfucbs jllgojfjzntjgm,rbcudbc ndtjvjtjbs nmc sylptglntjd trbntlbmt gr dgrtjdgstbrgjcjmkbdtjgm.8.4.5.>.4. Dglpfbx rbejgmnf pnjm symcrglb typb >. Jt js

fbss dgllgm obdnusb gh prgerbss jm nmbstibtjd nmc nmnfebsjdtbdimjqubs. Sib sbvbrbst hgrls dnm ob sbbm nhtbr dgmtusjgm grndutb jmtrngpbrntjvb dglprbssjgm gh tib lbcjnm mbrvb.8.4.5.>.3. Jmstnojfjty

gh

ufmnr

bxgr

tbmcgms

tirguei

tib

dut

H_. Sijs js lnmjhbstbc oy n sinrp pnjm jm tib ufmnr tummbfrncjntjme tg tib hgrbnrl nfgme tib ufmnr bxgr tbmcgms. N tno gh

tib _H lny ob fbht gm tib igg` gh tib inlntb tg rbcudb tibhrbqubmdy. Qbrsjstbmdb js rnrb. Jt js bxdbptjgmnffy gosbrvbc nhtbrbmcgsdgpjd surebry obdnusb gh tib sjzb gh tib bmcgsdgpb wijdifbnvbs nm ufmnr bceb gh tib H_. H_ rbdgmstrudtjgm tibgrbtjdnffynvgjcs tijs nmc lny ob tib trbntlbmt jh dgmrlbc gm jlnejme.

8.4.5.?. Lnkgr

dglpfjdntjgms

Sibsb nrb rnrb out sbrjgus, nmc bvbm lgrb sg sjmdb tijssurebry js dgllgm nmc drbcjtbc wjti vbry sntjshndtgry rbsufts jmtib ljmcs gh tib ebmbrnf puofjd. Jm n rbvjbw gh tib fjtbrnturbhrgl >:88 tg ?11> hgr gpbm surebry nmc >:9:—?11> hgrbmcgsdgpjd surebry Obmsgm bt nf. P>>3\ rbpgrtbc 1.3:% sbrjgus

dglpfjdntjgms

hgr

gpbm

surebry

nmc

1.>:%

hgr

bmcgsdgpjd

Hje. >4. DS vjbw gh rbtrndtjgm gh tib bcebs gh tib H_ nhtbr bmcgsdgpjd dnrpnftummbf

rbfbnsb.Xub

tglgcbmsjtglêtrjqub

cb

f‚nuelbmtntjgm

cb

cjstnmdb

cbs

obrebs

cu

dnmnf

dnrpjbm

nprés

dijrurejb

bmcgsdgpjqub.

L. Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:3

9:



surebry. Qrbvbmtjgm sigufc ob blpinsjzbc, pnrtjdufnrfy jmbmcgsdgpjd gr ljmj-gpbm surebry.8.4.5.?.>. Mbrvb dglpfjdntjgms. Srnmsjbmt mburnprnxjn

lny gddur (>.32% nhtbr bmcgsdgpy nmc 1.2% nhtbr gpbm), nhtbrpnrtjnf gr tgtnf lbcjnm gr ufmnr mbrvb sbdtjgm (1.>3% hgrbmcgsdgpy nmc 1.>> hgr gpbm) gr tibjr ornmdibs (1.14% hgrbmcgsdgpy nmc 1.4:% hgr gpbm) P>>3\. Sib dgllgm pnflnrcjejtnf mbrvb gh tib 4rc spndb nmc tib dutnmbgus ornmdibs gh tibdgllgm pnflnr cjejtnf mbrvbs gh tib 4rc nmc 3ti spndbs lny obnhhbdtbcbspbdjnffy jm tib cguofb npprgndi bmcgsdgpjd surebry grtibljmj-gpbm. Sijs dutnmbgus ornmdi js obtwbbm ?.4 nmc >1 llhrgl tib cjstnf bceb gh tib H_ P>>2\. Jm dnsb gh tgtnf gr pnrtjnfmbrvb sbdtjgm, tib rbsufts gh surejdnf rbpnjr

— wijdi lust ob

bnrfy — nrb jmdglpfbtb, sglbtjlbs wjti rbsjcunf pbrlnmbmtsbvbrb pnjm.8.4.5.?.?.

Jmkury

tg

tib

supbrdjnf

pnflnr

nrdi. Jt js

rbpgrtbc jm 1.1?% gh dnsbs P>>3\. Sib supbrdjnf pnflnr nrdijs dfgsb tg tib cjstnf bceb gh tib H_. Sijs lny ob nssgdjntbc wjtijmkury gh dgllumjdntjme ornmdi gh Obrrbtjmj gr dgllgm

pnflnr cjejtnf mbrvb gh tib 4rc spndb. Sib Dgoo gr tib @npfnmlbtigc lny ob usbc hgr jts jcbmtjdntjgm (Hje. 5).8.4.5.?.4. Tbdtjgm

gh

tib

bxgr tbmcgms

gh

tib

mebrs. Sibsb

invb obbm rbpgrtbc gmfy nhtbr bmcgsdgpjd surebry (1.119%)P>>3\.

8.4.9. Jmhgrlntjgm

hgr

pntjbmts

Qrbgpbrntjvb jmhgrlntjgm js n fbenf mbdbssjty, bvbm jh jt js mgtwbff rbejstbrbc oy tib pntjbmt. Sijs lny ob grnf, out cjhduft tgvbrjhy, sg tib obst js grnf nmc n wrjttbm hgrl suppfyjmejmhgrlntjgm nmc jmhgrlbc dgmsbmt nmc jmdfucjme bvbm bxdbptjg-mnfdglpfjdntjgms. N sullnry gh tib `by bfblbmts tg jmdfucb wns

prgpgsbc oy

Eguojbr

jm

?118

P>>8\.Kuffjnrc P>>5\, jm ijs bxpbrt bxpbrjbmdb, mgtbc tint mbnrfytirbb qunrtbrs gh trjnfs wbrb cub tg umlbcjtntbc, pnssjgmntb grjmnpprgprjntb dgllbmts nlgmest dgffbneubs gr ljslnmneb-lbmt gh n drjsjs sjtuntjgm wjti tib pntjbmt. N qunrtbr gh prgdbcurbs wbrb onrbfy kustjbc oy tbdimjdnf hnufts; sbdtjgm gh tib mbrvb, jmhbdtjgm, ummbdbssnry prgdbcurb. . .

8.3. Sibrnpbutjd jmcjdntjgms jm DST

8.3.>. Ndutb

DST

8.3.>.>. Qgsttrnulntjd DST.

N

prgerbssjvb

dglprbssjgm

hgf-fgwjme dgmtusjgm wjti sylptgls nt gmsbt nmc fjttfb bcbln, jsmgt jm prjmdjpfb surejdnf nmc lust ob cjstjmeujsibc. Jm dnsb gh dglprbssjgm wjtigut cbdjt tib urebmt, sjlpfb rbcudtjgm jsghtbm bmguei tg rbfjbvb sylptgls, tg ob vbrjbc oy n dnrbhufdfjmjdnf lgmjtgrjme wjti fjlo bfbvntjgm. Jm dnsb gh dglprbssjgmwjti cbdjt gr sjemjdnmt bcbln wjtigut cbdjt, blbrebmdygpbm surebry js mbdbssnry. Tigrtbr gpbrntjme tjlb js nssgdjntbcwjti hnstbr rbdgvbry P45\.

8.3.>.?. Mgm-trnulntjd DST. Rrebmt gpbm surejdnf cbdgl-prbssjgm js rbqujrbc, wjti nm jmdjsjgm tint lny ob bxtbmcbc tg

tib hgrbnrl,

nmc

trbntlbmt

gh

btjgfgey.

Jm

dnsb

gh

ndutb

tirglogsjs gh n pbrsjstbmt lbcjnm nrtbry, tib nrtbry js bxdjsbcnhtbr rbfbnsb gh nm ghtbm ojc lbcjnm mbrvb.

8.3.?. Tuondutb

gr

dirgmjd DST

Lbcjdnf trbntlbmt js tib rst fjmb jm bnrfy hgrls.Jt js fbss bhhbdtjvb jm jmtbrlbcjntb hgrls wjti mgdturmnf nmc

cjurmnf ndrgpnrbstibsjn wjti rjs` gh cbvbfgplbmt gh n cbdjt. Jtdnm ob trjbc rst gr jllbcjntb surejdnf trbntlbmt dnm ob ghhbrbccbpbmcjme gm tib dgmtbxt.Turebry js jmcjdntbc hgr rbsjstnmt hgrls nmc ncvnmdbc hgrls

wjti cbdjt.Sib dgmtrn-jmcjdntjgms hgr bmcgsdgpjd surebry jmdfucb

P>>9\;

jsgfntbc lgtgr hgrl0 ndutb DST0 iypbrtrgpijd symgvjnf pntigfgey rbqujrjme bxtbmsjvb symg-vbdtgly0

jmtrndnmnfjdufnr tulgr0

pggr vjsjojfjty0 sbdgmcnry surebry0 slnff wrjst wjti cbdjt (rjs̀ gh jmtrngpbrntjvb dglprbssjgm).

8.2. Qbrsjstbmdb gh sylptgls, rbdurrbmdb gr mbw sylptgls

Jm n rbdbmt nmnfysjs gh tib dnusbs gh sbdgmcnry surebry hgr?11dnsbs gpbrntbc gvbr n pbrjgc gh ?8lgmtis, Ttötz bt nf. P>>:\hgumc jmdglpfbtb sbdtjgm gh H_ jm 23% gh dnsbs nmc pbrjmburnforgsjs jm 4?% gh dnsbs (nmtbrjgr sdnr ncibsjgm jm ?4% nmcdjrdulhbrbmtjnf orgsjs jm :%) nmc jntrgebmjd mbrvb jmkury jm8% gh dnsbs.

Jm

tib

nosbmdb

gh

n prgxjlnf dnusb, rbgpbrntjgm

js

jmcjdntbcjm tirbb dfjmjdnf pjdturbs wjti n hrbqubmdy vnryjme hrgl 1.4 tg>?% P>?1\ (Hje. >3);

pbrsjstbmdb gh sylptgls. Sijs js tib dgllgmbst dglpfjdn-tjgm nhtbr DST surebry, lnjmfy cub tg nm jmdglpfbtb sbdtjgmgh H_, lgst ghtbm jm tib cjstnf pgrtjgm. Sib nosbmdb gh nsylptgl-hrbb jmtbrvnf, tib pbrsjstbmdb gh sylptgls nmcpgsjtjvb prgvgdntjgm tbsts nrb sueebstjvb. BMLE nomgrlnfj-tjbs lny pbrsjst cbspjtb bhhbdtjvb rbfbnsb. Igwbvbr, n mgrlnfBMLE bfjljmntbs pbrsjstbmt dglprbssjgm. Gpbm rbvjsjgmsurebry js kustjbc wjtigut tib mbbc hgr lgcjdntjgm gh lbcjnm mbrvb surrgumcjmes0

rbdurrbmdb gh sylptgls. Nhtbr n hrbb jmtbrvnf gh tirbb lgmtis,sylptgls lny rbdur cub tg n prgerbssjvb bmtrnplbmt nhtbrH_ sdnrrjme wjti orgus pbrjmburnf ncibsjgms, dnusjme n’’trndtjgm mburgpntiy‚‚ (Iumtbr‚s symcrglb) P>?>\. _bdur-rbmdb gh sylptgls nmc n pgsjtjvb dfjmjdnf bxnljmntjgmsueebst n symcrglb gh bpjmburnf ncibsjgms. Nenjm BMLElny ob hnufty. Qrgdbcurbs tg rbstgrb efjcjme obtwbbm tiblbcjnm mbrvb nmc jts surrgumcjmes nrb ghtbm rbqujrbc0bxnlpfbs nrb symgvjnf np P>??\, iypgtibmnr hnt np P>?4\,pbcjdfb nps P>?3\, ojglntbrjnfs P91\ gr nmtj-ncibsjgms ebfP>?1\0

nppbnrnmdb gh mbw sylptgls. Sibsb nrb lgstfy sbdgmcnry tg

jmtrngpbrntjvb

jntrgebmjd

fbsjgms

gh

tib

lbcjnm

mbrvb

trum`,

L.

Dinllns

/

Dijrurejb

cb

fn

lnjm

44

(?1>3)

52—:3:1



tib tibmnr (rbdurrbmt) ornmdi, pnflnr cjejtnf mbrvbs, tibsupbrdjnf pnflnr ornmdi gr tbmcgms. Sibsb dglpfjdntjgmsdnm gddur nfgmb gr dglojmbc wjti gmb gh tib nogvb dfjmjdnfprbsbmtntjgms. Mbrvb rbpnjr gh tib tbrljmnf ornmdibs njls tg

rbdgvbr sbmsjtjvjty

nmc

rbcudb mburgpntijd

pnjm.

Jm

dnsb

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44

(?1>3)

52—:3:?





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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P>11\ Srulofb SB, Cjng B, Nornls

_N,

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prgspbdtjvb, rnmcgljsbc stucy gh bmcgsdgpjd vbrsus fjljtbc gpbmlbtigcs.

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P>>1\

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44

(?1>3)

52—:3

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