S P R I N G 2 0 1 4

CANCER AND MITOSIS CASE STUDY

Created by K.D. LewisRobert B. Glenn High School

BIOLOGY OBJECTIVES 1.2.2

• Outline the cell cycle: Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis• Recognize that mitosis is apart of ASEXUAL

reproduction and meiosis is a part of sexual reproduction• Organize diagrams of mitotic phases and describe

what is occurring throughout the process. • Compare mitosis to meiosis• Understand that tumors (and cancer) result as an

error in mitosis

ERROR IN MITOSIS

• Tumors result as an error in Mitosis. • Cells divide continually without stopping. This

results in a tumor. • Tumors are simply a cluster of cells. • Tumors can be malignant (cancerous) or benign

{PRONOUNCED ‘BEE-nine’} (non-cancerous)• Cells are supposed to die. This is called

apoptosis. If cells fail to die, tumors form.

WARNING:

• The following slides contain graphic images of people suffering from various cancers.• Not all tumors are malignant• Please exhibit respect, maturity, and empathy

when viewing these images.

EXAMPLES OF TUMORS

• Keep in mind that your entire body is made of cells. A tumor is a cluster of cells that have abnormal growth. • A tumor can form ANYWHERE

EXAMPLES OF TUMORS

Various Facial tumors of the nose, mouth, and eye

Cell Theory Review:

ALL LIVING THINGS are made of Cells!

A tumor can form ANYWHERE!

TUMORS = CELLS GONE WRONG!

EXAMPLES OF TUMORS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ASSIGNMENT

• This assignment is completed INDIVIDUALLY• This assignment will also count towards your

FINAL PORTFOLIO PROJECT. So SAVE THIS!!!• It is your responsibility to remain on task, and

turn this assignment in ON TIME. • Each day that it is late, 10 points will be

deducted. • This is a research project, and you must site ALL

SOURCES in a reference page.• It must be completed electronically, and

submitted in Edmodo by March 10, 2014

ASSIGNMENT: PART IESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

• CELL CYCLE• Interphase• Mitosis• Cytokinesis• Prophase• Metaphase • Anaphase• Telophase • Tumor• Cancer • Malignant

• Benign• Abnormal• Metastasis• Sister chromatids• Centromere• Centriole• Spindle• Parent cell• Daughter cell• apoptosis

In your presentation: Define the following terms in complete sentences

ASSIGNMENT: PART II“THE CELL CYCLE”

1. Define all parts of the Cell Cycle.2. Locate pictures for EACH phase of the cell

cycle3. Explain why apoptosis is important.4. Explain how tumors form as a result of an error

in Mitosis

ASSIGNMENT: PART III(MEDICAL ARTICLE ANALYSIS)

• You must choose one (1) of the following articles, and provide a detailed (1 page) summary, written in your own words!• Article #1: http://

www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-division-and-cancer-14046590 • Article #2: http://

www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/articles/cancer.html• Article #3: http://

www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/33788.aspx

ASSIGNMENT IV:CANCER RESEARCH

1. Research one of the following types of cancer: ovarian, prostate, throat, cervical, tongue cancer, cheek cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, nasal cavity, salivary gland cancer

2. Research symptoms3. Provide treatment information4. Provide prevention and early detection methods (if

applicable). 5. Provide your rationale (reason) for why you chose

to research this type of cancer. 6. Photos must be included in your presentation

ASSIGNMENT V: CASE STUDY AND PATIENT TREATMENT

1. Read through the mock medical charts of each patient.

2. Research the possible modes of treatment (next slide), and decide which is best for each of the patients.

3. Consider medical costs, insurance, and health risks.

4. What are the side effects of your chosen treatment?

5. Reviewing #1-4, tell how you would treat EACH patient.

SOME POSSIBLE TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. Surgery: to remove the tumor2. Chemotherapy: use of medicine or drugs to treat cancer. “Chem” means chemical. 3. Radiation: much like x-rays. This is a painless procedure that uses rays to kill the abnormal cell’s DNA. This could also kill normal cells.4. Homeopathic (natural) remedies: some say these methods don’t CURE cancer, but TREAT the symptoms: change in diet, exercise, cutting carbs, certain vitamins5. Stem cell treatment: after cancerous cells (and some normal cells) are destroyed using chemo and radiation, doctors use stem cells to repair ANY damaged cells.

FYI: STAGES OF CANCERStage symptomsStage 0 Carcinoma in situ. Meaning, the

most basic form of cancer. Cancer that has remained in its primary region. Ex. A breast cancer tumor that is in situ has remained in the breast tissue.

Stages 1-3 Increase in tumor size. Tumors starting to spread beyond the organ from which it developed.

Stage 4 Most severe. Cancer has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body. This is the most aggressive stage of cancer.

PATIENT #1• Name: Carson Jones• Male, 56• Cancer type: Prostate• Stage: 2• Profession: Pediatrician.

Graduate of Wake Forest, UNC-CH.

• Family: one wife, 3 adult daughters, 2 grandchildren.

• Additional info: Previously had surgery to remove the tumor. The tumor came back the following year.

PATIENT #2• Name: Joe Berry• Male, age 81• Cancer type: Lung Cancer• Stage: 4• Profession: retired • Family: wife, 5 adult

children, 10 grand children• Additional info: Patient

has undergone 2 rounds of chemotherapy and radiation with minimal success.

PATIENT #3• Name: Maria Valdez-Aguilar• Cancer type: Ovarian• Stage: 3• Profession:• Family: husband (Deceased.

Fatally wounded in Iraq). One son. Unable to have more children due to the location and Metastasis of her tumor.

• Additional info: Patient was advised to have a hysterectomy (removal of uterus and ovaries) to remove the source of cancer. Patient refused. Now the cancer has begun to spread (metastasize) to her bladder.

WHAT EXACTLY DO I TURN IN?

• Assignment I: Essential Vocabulary (all terms defined)• Assignment II: All parts of the cell cycle

defined (IPMATC), which pictures of each phase• Assignment III: Medical Journal Article

Analysis (1-page summary written in your own words)• Assignment IV: Cancer Research• Assignment V: Patient Analysis & Treatment• Reference Page: all sources listed

HELPFUL LINKS• http://

www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/radiation• http://www.cancertutor.com/ • http://

articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/08/03/natural-cancer-treatment.aspx

• http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/staging

• http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/celldiv_cancer/.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1

• http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/bonemarrowandperipheralbloodstemcelltransplant/stem-cell-transplant-types-of-transplant