cancer in wales...welsh cancer intelligence and surveillance unit offi cial statistics 2012 data....
TRANSCRIPT
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014 1
People living longer increases the number of new cancer casesThe trend in the number of new cancer cases each year is still going up (Figure 1).
There were just over 18,000 new cases of cancer diagnosed in the residents of Wales in 2012. That’s around ten per cent more in 2012 - or almost 1,700 extra cases - compared to ten years before in 2003.
Figure 1 Annual number of new cancer cases in Wales. All persons, all ages. 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
SummaryOur report highlights how the ageing population of Wales, along with socioeconomic inequalities and deprivation, are increasing the large burden of ill-health and mortality from cancer in society. The types of cancers that are common (such as bowel, lung, breast and melanoma) suggest that prevalent health-risk behaviours in Wales are also contributing to the population cancer burden. The main risk behaviours are smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, obesity and a poor diet, along with more sun and UV exposure with sunburns. They are all infl uenced by many factors in society, rather than just in the individual.Although air pollution is now known to be a risk for lung cancer, smoking remains the major problem. The large increase in cancer incidence in women appears to be mainly due to lung cancer.Despite recent improvements, such as for age-adjusted lung cancer incidence in men and age-adjusted breast cancer incidence in women, trends in these and other cancers may yet change depending on current and future risk factors. Population cancer surveillance will need to continue to inform public health and health service responses.Cancer survival is improving overall, but from a low level and with lower survival in deprived areas. Survival from lung cancer remains low and, in common with most UK countries, survival for most smoking-related cancers is far from the best in Europe. Better understanding of the causes of low survival in Wales will remain challenges alongside cancer prevention.
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Health Intelligence Division, Public Health Wales
Am y fersiwn Gymraeg ewch i www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru
Public HealthWales
How many people get cancer?
Cancer in WalesA summary report of population cancer incidence, mortality and survival – includes new 2012 data released as Offi cial Statistics on 9 April 2014www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Nu
mb
er o
f n
ew c
ance
r ca
ses
in W
ales
Year of diagnosis
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014
Cancer in Wales Published 10 April 2014
2
Two-thirds of all new cancer cases in 2012 were in people aged 65 and overWe examined the overall 2003-2012 trend more closely by looking at the trends in cancer numbers for different age groups (Figure 2). The number of cases in 2012 were higher than 2003 for all age groups from 60 years and older, except for the 80-84 years group, which was only marginally lower. The largest rise of 34 per cent was in the 65 to 69 age group. By 2012, two-thirds of all cancer cases were diagnosed in people aged 65 and over.
Figure 2 Trends in annual numbers of cancers by age group. Wales, all persons. 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
But, during the same period, there was little change in most age-specifi c cancer rates per 100,000 with no clear trends (Figure 3). This suggests that the increase in number of cases we observed is partly explained by people living longer and the ageing of the population.
However, it is not yet clear why the numbers and rates in the 85 and over group, and the 80 to 84 years group, dropped sharply in 2012 from their peaks in 2011.
Figure 3 Age-specifi c cancer incidence rates in Wales. All persons, 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Cancer still more common in men, but rate is going up in women, down in menIn Wales, the rate of cancer in men is about 18 per cent more than in women – that’s around 70 extra cases for every 100,000 men compared to the rate in women. Although cancer is more common in men, the incidence is coming down slowly (Figure 4 and Table 1), but increasing in women.
Figure 4 Cancer incidence rates in Wales by sex, 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
The reasons for the differences include the historic patterns of male smoking and alcohol use being different to those in women. Naturally there are also many sex-specifi c cancers such as prostate, breast, and cervix, for example. We highlight the different trends in the most common cancer types in men and women later.
Table 1 Difference in cancer incidence between men and women in Wales. All ages. 2012
Total Cases Incidence rate per 100,000
EASR
Lower Confi dence
Limit
Upper Confi dence
Limit
Men 9417 443.0 433.8 452.4
Women 8612 374.2 365.7 382.8
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Year of diagnosis
Males Females Persons
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Age
spe
cifi
c in
cide
nce
rate
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Year of diagnosis
40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2003 2004 2005 2006
Year of diagnosis
Ann
ual n
umbe
r of
cas
es
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014 3
Cancer gets more common the more deprived an area getsMany diseases or health conditions show a health gradient, becoming increasingly more common as socioeconomic deprivation increases. Overall, cancer is no exception. The incidence rate of cancer is 20 per cent higher in the most deprived areas of Wales, compared to the least deprived – that’s around 80 extra cancer cases for every 100,000 people living in the most deprived areas (Figure 5). But not all cancers follow this pattern, notably breast cancer, which is more common amongst more affl uent women.
Figure 5 Cancer incidence rate (EASR) for areas with increasing deprivation (fi fths) in Wales. All persons, all ages. 2008-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Lowest health board cancer incidenceis 8% below the incidence for WalesCancer incidence for six of the seven local health boards is similar to that for Wales (Figure 6) – the differences are within a range we might expect from chance alone. But the incidence for the Powys population is nearly eight per cent lower than the Wales incidence, and is lower than would be expected from chance alone.
Figure 6 Cancer incidence rate (EASR) per 100,000 people by local health board of residence. Wales, persons, all ages. 2010-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk©Crown Copyright and database right 2014. Ordnance Survey 100044810
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1 (Least deprived) 2 3 4 5 (Most deprived)
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Deprivation fifth
384.7 – 393.3
393.3 – 401.9
401.9 – 410.4
410.4 – 419.0
419.0 – 427.6
Defi nitionsAge-standardised rates and EASRAge-standardisation adjusts rates to take into account how many old or young people are in the population being looked at. When rates are age-standardised, you know that differences in the rates over time or between geographical areas do not simply refl ect variations or changes in the age structure of the populations. This is important when looking at cancer rates because cancer mainly affects older people. Throughout this report we use European Age Standardised Rates (EASR) unless otherwise specifi ed.
Statistical signifi canceIf a difference between rates or survival between populations is statistically signifi cant, it means that that difference is unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone, and that we can be more
confi dent that we are observing a ‘true’ difference. In this report we use the conventional arbitrary cut-off of less than a 5% chance to mean statistically signifi cant. Just because a difference is statistically signifi cant doesn’t necessarily mean that it is large or important - that can depend on our judgment and other things.
Relative survivalThis is a way of comparing the survival of people who have a specifi c disease – in our case, cancer -with the survival experienced by the general population, over a certain period of time. It is calculated by dividing the percentage of patients with the disease who are still alive at the end of the period of time (e.g. one or fi ve years after diagnosis) by the percentage of people in the general population of the same sex and age who are alive at the end of the same time period. The relative survival rate shows whether the disease shortens life. We use relative survival in this report.
All cancersWhen we use the phrase ‘all cancers’ or ‘all malignancies’ in this report, by convention, we always mean all cancers excluding non-melanoma skin cancer.
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 20144
Cancer in Wales Published 10 April 2014
Highest local authority cancer incidence is 17% more than lowestCeredigion’s cancer incidence is the lowest of the 22 local authority areas (Figure 7). It’s about eight per cent below the Wales incidence. Torfaen’s rate is nearly eight per cent higher than Wales’. It is the highest in Wales. That means that, on average, there’s a difference of 67 new cases of cancer per 100,000 people each year between Ceredigion and Torfaen. The differences between local authority areas are in part due to variation in deprivation.
Figure 7 Annual cancer incidence by local authority populations. Wales, persons, all ages. 2008-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Which are the most common cancers?Over 18,000 cases of cancer in residents of Wales were diagnosed during 2012. The relative number of the different types are shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 Number and proportion of the fi ve most common types of cancer diagnosed in Wales. All persons, all ages. 2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Bowel cancer is the most common cancer in Wales for fi rst timeThere were 474 more cases of bowel cancer in 2012 than in 2003, making bowel cancer the most common cancer in Wales in 2012. This is the fi rst time this has happened since our records began. The ageing of the population during this time played a part (Figure 9). Increased awareness and the introduction of bowel screening may also be responsible, but we’re not yet clear about this.
Figure 9 Bowel cancer incidence (EASR) in Wales by sex, all ages. 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
50
Wales Not statistically significant Statistically significant
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Cere
digi
on
Pow
ys
Mon
mou
thsh
ire
Isle
of A
ngle
sey
Swan
sea
Carm
arth
ensh
ire
Brid
gend
Gw
yned
d
Pem
brok
eshi
re
Nea
th P
ort T
albo
t
WAL
ES
Conw
y
Card
iff
Vale
of G
lam
orga
n
New
port
Wre
xham
Rhon
dda
Cyno
n Ta
ff
Caer
phill
y
Mer
thyr
Tyd
fil
Blae
nau
Gw
ent
Flin
tshi
re
Den
bigh
shire
Torfa
en
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Local authority of residence
Bowel, 2444, 14%
Prostate, 2419, 13%
Lung, 2370, 13%
Female Breast, 2362, 13% Melanoma, 693, 4%
Other, 7741, 43%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Year of diagnosis
Males Females Persons
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014 5
Prostate cancer incidence rate changes little, but actual numbers go upThe fi ve most common cancers in men during 2012 were
● prostate (2,419 cases)
● bowel (1,405)
● lung (1,249)
● head and neck (427)
● bladder (391)
The number of cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in 2012 was 376 more than in 2003. The ageing population probably explains most of this modest rise because the rate standardised for age has remained almost constant over the ten year period.
Breast cancer incidence steadily coming down since 2010The fi ve most common cancers in women in 2012 were
● breast (2,362 cases)
● lung (1,121)
● bowel (1,039)
● ovary (452)
● uterus (449)
In 2012 the number of cases of breast cancer was marginally lower than in 2003. Once the effect of population age is considered, the rate was over eight per cent lower in 2012 than ten years previously, after peaking in 2010.
Number of lung cancer cases increases by more than a third over 10 years in women, but hardly changes in menThere have been major changes in lung cancer numbers in men and women. The number of cases in men remained similar between 2003 and 2012, but the number in women increased by over a third. The number of cases in women is now approaching that in men.
This means that cancer incidence per 100,000 men has dropped in that time, once age is considered, but the incidence rate has increased in women (Figure 10). The combined rate for men and women has stopped coming down, and is now fl at-lining.
Different historic smoking patterns in men and women account for most of these changes, but we also now know that some forms of air pollution are increasingly recognised as risk factors for lung cancer.
Figure 10 Lung cancer incidence (EASR) in Wales by sex, all ages. 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
During 2014-2015 we will be analysing information on lung cancer in more detail.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Year of diagnosis
Males Females Persons
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 20146
Cancer in Wales Published 10 April 2014
How many die from cancer?
The overall cancer mortality rate has decreased in ten years...The general trend in cancer mortality rate is coming down, once changes in population age structure are taken into account. By 2012, mortality was around 174 per 100,000 people - that’s 11 per cent less than ten years before (Figure 11).
Figure 11 Cancer mortality (EASR) rate in Wales. All persons, all ages. 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registry www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
… but, the number of cancer deaths increased by almost one third in people aged 85 and overEven though the age-adjusted mortality rate is going down, the trend in the annual number of deaths from cancer is still increasing due to population changes. There were 8,654 deaths in 2012 compared to 8,370 in 2003. But this general three per cent increase is small in comparison to the 31 per cent increase in deaths in the 85 years and older age group, where most cancer deaths occur (Figure 12).
Figure 12 Annual number of cancer deaths by age group. Wales, all persons. 2003-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Registered year of death
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
Ann
ual n
umbe
r of
can
cer
deat
hs
Registered year of death
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014 7
Cancer mortality rate is one third higher in men than womenWe know that cancer is more common in men, but men have a higher death rate from cancer too. Cancer incidence is around 16% higher in men than women, but mortality is over a third higher. This is consistent with lower cancer survival in men (Figure 13).
Figure 13 Cancer mortality (EASR) in men and women. Wales, all ages. 2010-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Cancer mortality rate is over 50% higher in most deprived areas of Wales compared to the least deprivedCancer mortality is higher in more deprived areas. Whereas cancer incidence is 20 per cent higher in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived, mortality is 50 per cent higher, which refl ects the gradient in survival (Figure 14).
Figure 14 The gradient of cancer mortality rate (EASR) for areas with increasing deprivation (fi fths). Wales, persons, all ages. 2007-2011
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 (Least deprived) 2 3 4 5 (Most deprived)
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Deprivation fifth
Women 0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Sex Men
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014
Cancer in Wales Published 10 April 2014
8
Highest health board cancer mortality is 6% more than for WalesThe cancer mortality rate between the populations of the seven health boards varies (Figure 15). The mortality rates of the populations of the Hywel Dda and Powys areas are lower than the Wales mortality, and Cwm Taf and Aneurin Bevan populations are higher. These differences are greater than might be expected from chance alone. The Cwm Taf population has a cancer mortality rate six per cent higher than the Wales mortality.
Figure 15 Cancer mortality rate (EASR) by local health board populations. Persons, all ages, 2008-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Difference between local authority area with highest and lowest mortality is over 47 deaths per 100,000 peopleThere is wider variation between the cancer mortality rates of local authority populations (Figure 16). The lowest is in Ceredigion which is 13 per cent below the Wales mortality, and Blaenau Gwent has the highest mortality by the same percentage. The variation between local authority areas is partly explained by deprivation, and broadly follows the same pattern as cancer incidence.
Figure 16 Cancer mortality rate (EASR) by local authority populations. Persons, all ages, 2008-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
Cere
digi
on
Mon
mou
thsh
ire
Pow
ys
Vale
of G
lam
orga
n
Carm
arth
ensh
ire
Pem
brok
eshi
re
Swan
sea
Conw
y
Wre
xham
Brid
gend
WAL
ES
Gw
yned
d
Card
iff
Isle
of A
ngle
sey
Caer
phill
y
Den
bigh
shire
Flin
tshi
re
New
port
Rhon
dda
Cyno
n Ta
ff
Nea
th P
ort T
albo
t
Torfa
en
Mer
thyr
Tyd
fil
Blae
nau
Gw
ent
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Local authority of residence
Wales Not statistically significant Statistically significantBet
si C
adw
alad
r U
nive
rsity
Hyw
el D
da U
nive
rsity
Aber
taw
e B
roM
orga
nnw
g U
nive
rsity
Car
diff
& Va
le U
nive
rsity
Cw
m T
af U
nive
rsity
Aneu
rin B
evan
Uni
vers
ity
Pow
ys T
each
ing
Wal
es
Wales Not statistically significant Statistically significant
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Health board of residence
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014 9
Deaths from lung cancer more than bowel and breast cancers combinedLung cancer accounted for almost 22 per cent of all cancer deaths in 2012 (Figure 17). At 1,894 deaths, it accounts for most cancer deaths, ahead of other common cancers such as bowel, breast and prostate, and more than bowel and breast combined. These cancers also have the highest mortality rates (Figure 18).
Figure 17 Number of deaths from different types of cancer, 2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Figure 18 Mortality rate (EASR) for different cancer types. Wales, persons, all ages 2010-2012
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Lung
Fem
ale
Brea
st
Pros
tate
Colo
rect
al
Ova
ry
Panc
reas
Oes
opha
gus
Stom
ach
Urin
ary
Trac
t exc
Bla
dder
Blad
der
Brai
n &
CNS
Leuk
aem
ia
Non
-Hod
gkin
s Ly
mph
oma
Live
r
Hea
d &
Nec
k
Ute
rus
Mel
anom
a
Cerv
ix
Lary
nx
Thyr
oid
& En
docr
ine
Hod
gkin
s
Test
is
EASR
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Cancer type
All cancer deaths
8654
Lung1894
Bowel912
Breast594
Prostate
556Pancreas
440
Other cancers4258
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 201410
What are the chances of survival?
Survival from cancer is steadily improving, but remains low compared to the best in EuropeOn average, almost 70 per cent of Welsh residents diagnosed with cancer can expect to survive at least one year. It’s improving, but progress is slow. The latest available fi gures for 2007-11 are only four per cent higher than the fi gures for the period 2003-2007 (Table 2).
Table 2 One year relative survival from cancer in Wales. Persons, all ages.
Period of diagnosis One year relative survival %
2007-2011 69.9
2006-2010 69.2
2005-2009 68.6
2004-2008 67.9
2003-2007 67.2
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
It takes longer before we can report on fi ve year survival because we have to wait to see what happens to people diagnosed with cancer. But we know that for the latest available period, fi ve year survival increased by nearly eight per cent compared to the period 1999-2003 (Table 3).
Table 3 Five year relative survival from cancer in Wales. Persons, all ages.
Period of diagnosis Five year relative survival %
2003-2007 52.5
2002-2006 51.5
2001-2005 50.5
2000-2004 49.6
1999-2003 48.7
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Increasing survival can be due to a combination of changing pattern of cancer types in the population; better treatments available and accessed by all who need them; earlier diagnosis and screening; age at diagnosis; as well as an improvement of health generally across the population, so that if people are diagnosed with cancer, they will have fewer other illnesses that may affect their treatment. It is not yet clear to what extent these different factors have combined to infl uence survival.
The improving survival in Wales needs to be considered in the context of better survival in many European countries, especially for smoking-related cancers (Eurocare 5 study).
Women have higher cancer survival rates than menEven though cancer is much more common in men, one year survival is four per cent higher in women than men. Five year survival has a wider gap, being ten per cent higher in women than men (Table 4).
Table 4 Relative cancer survival in men and women in Wales. Persons, all ages.
Five year survival (2003-2007)
One year survival (2007-2011)
Men 50.0% 68.5%
Women 55.0% 71.5%
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Cancer survival is lower in more deprived areasIn more deprived areas the chance of survival gets worse for both one year and fi ve year relative survival.
In Wales, one year survival in the most deprived areas is 17 per cent less than in least deprived areas - there is a steep gradient.
For fi ve year survival the difference is wider – the chance of survival is 28 per cent less in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived (Figure 19).
Figure 19 Five year cancer survival gradient for areas with increasing deprivation (fi fths). Wales, persons, all ages. 2003-2007
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 (Least deprived) 2 3 4 5 (Most deprived)
Rela
tive
Sur
viva
l (%
)
Deprivation fifth
Cancer in Wales Published 10 April 2014
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014 11
Variation in cancer survival between health board populations is smallOn average, almost 70 per cent of Welsh residents diagnosed with cancer can expect to survive at least one year. The variation in one year survival between health board for 2007-2011 is small, but the Betsi Cadwaldr and the Powys health board populations both have one year survival around two percentage points above that for Wales, and Cwm Taf by about the same below it. These differences are more than can be expected by chance alone (Figure 20). Other factors, such as deprivation or the prevalence of other illnesses, that can affect survival may explain part of these differences.
Figure 20 One year relative cancer survival by health board. Wales, 2007-2011
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk©Crown Copyright and database right 2014. Ordnance Survey 100044810
On average, almost 53 per cent of Welsh residents diagnosed with cancer can expect to survive at least fi ve years. The variation in fi ve year survival for 2003-2007 is again small, although the difference between the Wales fi gure and three of the health boards are more than can be expected by chance – Cwm Taf is over four percentage points below, with Powys and Cardiff and Vale above the Wales survival by about four and 2.5 percentage points, respectively (Figure 21).
Figure 21 Five year relative cancer survival by health board. Wales, 2003-2007
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk©Crown Copyright and database right 2014. Ordnance Survey 100044810
67.6 – 68.5
68.5 – 69.4
69.4 – 70.3
70.3 – 71.2
71.2 – 72.1
48.3 – 49.9
49.9 – 51.5
51.5 – 53.2
53.2 – 54.8
54.8 – 56.4
-
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Offi cial Statistics 2012 data. Published 10 April 2014
Cancer in Wales Published 10 April 2014
12
Cancers of the liver, lung and pancreas have the lowest survivalAccording to 2007-2011 survival data, the three cancers with the lowest one year survival in Wales are liver and lung - with survival rates of well under 30 per cent - and, lowest of all, cancer of the pancreas with only an 18 per cent survival (Figure 22). Cancers of the testis (testicles), breast, melanoma and prostate have the highest one year survival, at over 95 per cent. But, bowel cancer one year survival is around 75 per cent.
Figure 22 One year relative survival from different types of cancer in Wales. 2007-2011
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Liver, lung and pancreas also have the lowest fi ve year survival for the latest available fi gures 2003-2007. Survival is less than four per cent for pancreas, and below seven per cent for lung cancer and liver cancer (Figure 23).
Cancers with the highest fi ve year survival are testis (96%), prostate (86%), breast (85%) and melanoma (84%).
We will look at survival from lung cancer in much more detail in our reports during 2014-15.
Figure 23 Five year relative survival from different types of cancer in Wales. 2003-2007
Source: Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit’s Cancer Registrywww.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
ISBN 978-0-9928835-1-5
© 2014 Public Health Wales NHS Trust
All tables, charts and maps were produced by the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit. Data sources are shown under each graphic. Material contained in this document may be reproduced without prior permission provided it is done so accurately and is not used in a misleading context. Acknowledgement to Public Health Wales NHS Trust to be stated.
Copyright in the typographical arrangement, design and layout belongs to Public Health Wales NHS Trust.Images reproduced with permission
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Testis Breast (Female only)
Melanoma Prostate
Uterus Thyroid & Endocrine
Hodgkins Cervix Larynx
Rectum Head & Neck
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Colorectal
Bladder Colon
Urinary Tract exc Bladder Ovary
Leukaemia Oesophagus
Stomach Brain & CNS
Liver Lung
Pancreas
Relative Survival (%)
Canc
er t
ype
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Testis Breast (Female only)
Melanoma Prostate
Uterus Thyroid & Endocrine
Hodgkins Cervix Larynx
Rectum Head & Neck
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Colorectal
Bladder Colon
Urinary Tract exc Bladder Ovary
Leukaemia Oesophagus
Stomach Brain & CNS
Liver Lung
Pancreas
Relative Survival (%)
Canc
er t
ype