CANINE BASIC CANINE BASIC MACRO&MICRO MACRO&MICRO

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS

Submitted by- SURJEETSubmitted by- SURJEETSubmitted to-Dr.DIVYA AGNIHOTRISubmitted to-Dr.DIVYA AGNIHOTRI

►our pet’s nutritional health depends on receiving the correct amounts and proportions of nutrients from the six required groups: water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins.

INTRODUCTION

►Water is essential in helping regulate body temperature, lubrication of body tissues and as a fluid medium for the blood and lymph systems

►Water intake is controlled by thirst, hunger, metabolic activity (work, gestation, lactation, growth), and the environment (humidity and temperature).

WATER

►A dog's water requirement is determined in large part by the amount of food they consume each day.

►A general guideline is that dogs require 1 ml of water for each kcal of energy.

►Loss of water from body cause dehydration and Leads to renal failure.

PROTEIN

► Protein is an essential nutrient and serves numerous functions in the body.

►it helps in muscle growth, tissue repair, enzymes, transporting oxygen in the

blood, immune functions, hormones and as a source of energy.

SOURCES OF PROTEIN

►Protein is derived from both animal and plant sources

 ►soybean meal and corn complement each other perfectly, because the amino acids which are deficient in one are present in the other.

PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY

►Two diets may have the same protein level listed on their packages, but the results of from digestion studies may indicate very different levels of protein digestibility. ► For example, a dog food which contains 21% protein with 85% digestibility would deliver equal amounts of protein as a diet containing 23% protein with 78% digestibility.

►Protein is an essential nutrient. Dogs and cats fed diets too low in dietary protein may develop signs of deficiency.► These may include a depressed or decreased appetite, poor growth, weight loss, rough and dull haircoat, decreased immune function.

►Protein recommendation in adult dog is 18% in the dietExcess protein converted into fat

► Carbohydrate sources are sugars, starches and dietary fiber.

► Simple sugars are the smallest carbohydrate molecules and are easily digested and absorbed.

► In manufactured pet foods, most dietary carbohydrates are grains, such as wheat, corn and rice.

CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES

► Carbohydrate may make up 40 to 55% of dry diets in dog food and is found in lesser amounts in typical cat foods.

► A large portion of the carbohydrate in pet foods is derived from grains.

► Most dry foods contain 30 to 70% carbohydratesExcess carbohydrates cause obesity and maldigestion

► Fat is a concentrated form of energy.

► Compared to protein and carbohydrate, fat contains approximately two and a half times the amount of energy per gram.

► Fat digestion is more complex than that of protein or carbohydrate. Still, healthy dogs and cats digest fat with great efficiency, approximately 90-95%.

FAT

►In addition to being a source of energy, fat is needed as a source of essential fatty acids.

► The polyunsaturated essential fatty acids are important for normal skin and hair coat, normal immune function, and many other aspects of

health►Fat recommendation in diet is 9-15%

►Minerals are relatively simple molecules compared to other nutrients which can be large and complex

►Minerals perform many different functions in the body such as bone and cartilage formation, enzymatic reactions, maintaining fluid balance.

MINERALS

► Calcium and phosphorus are essential minerals and are necessary for normal bone development, as well as numerous metabolic functions

► Calcium in the diet is 0.5 -0.9%► Phosphorus is 0.4-0.8% ► Abnormal ca:p level cause musculoskeleton disorder

► Magnesium is important as a structural component of both muscle and bone, and it plays a key role in many enzymatic reactions throughout the body.

► Magnesium in the diet is 0.04% on dry matter bases

► Its def. cause muscle tremor and weakness

MAGNESIUM

POTASSIUM

► Potassium is found in high concentrations within cells and is required for proper enzyme, muscle and nerve functions.

► Potassium in diet 0.6%

ZINC & MAGNESEZINC & MAGNESE

• ►Zinc is important in the production of proteins and a functional immune system, as well as for DNA and cellular turnover.

• ►Mangnese- this element has several essential functions involving protein and carbohydrate metabolism and reproduction .

• ►Dog should receive 2.3 mg magnese daily

per pound of feed and def. cause ataxia.

►Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (Vitamins A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B-Vitamins and Vitamin C).

►Fat-soluble vitamins depend on the presence of dietary fat and normal fat absorption for their uptake and utilization in the body.

VITAMINS

VIT.A

• ► Vitamin A has a number of functions necessary for the health and well-being of animals, including a role in normal vision, growth, immune system function (2272IU/lb)

VIT.D.VIT.D.

• ► Vit.D. Its primary functions are to help in the mineralization of bone and to increase the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine (227IU/lb)

VIT.E & KVIT.E & K

• ► Lack of Vitamin E in the diet could result in damage to the wall or membrane of cells throughout the body,(23IU/lb)

• ► It act as antioxident • ► The most common forms of Vitamin K in the

diet are called menadione and phylloquinone, which come from green, leafy plants and vegetables.

• ► The major function of this vitamin is as a clotting agent in the blood.its synthesized in the body.

VIT.B & CVIT.B & C

• ► Vit.B complex are critical in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and fat, which results in energy for body processes.

• ► Vit.C-it has a primary metabolic role in the body of all mammals involving the synthesis or production of collagen.

• ► Its synthesize in liver.

conclusion

• ► Nutrients are chemicals ingested by living organisms that are necessary for survival.

► Dog nutrition must contain nutrients in a usable form.

► If you dog, however,shows any signs of intolerance: an itchy dog, or bloating and flatulence then you need to re-consider your dogs' diet.

REFERENCE

• Waltham Book of Dog and Cat Nutrition, edited by A.T.B. Edney and published in 1988

• For more information visit amazon.com

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