capacity planning overview
TRANSCRIPT
Capacity Planning OverviewBrazil Strategic Airport Capacity Improvement
Project
August 2016
1. Capacity Primer
Capacity Basics
• Capacity is how much stuff something holds
• Measurement depends on the stuff
• May include a time component
• All about space
Airport Capacity Basics
• How much demand a system can accommodate
• Measurement depends on type of demand
• May include a time component
• All about space
Basics of Airport Capacity
• Sized to accommodate peak passenger volumes
• Peak demand derived from annual activity
• Capacity is a function of desired Level-of-Service
Capacity
assessment is all
about space
Selected Airport Systems
Selected Airport Demand
A chain is only
as strong as
its weakest link
How many aircraft can I park?
How many people can fit?
How many bags can fit?
2. Level-of-Service
Level-of-Service
• Basis for capacity assessments
• Service and convenience
• Congestion or crowding
• Waiting/processing times
• Length of passenger queues
Qualitative
Intangible
Space, time, and
perception…
ADRM LoS Parameters
• Optimum – recommended as the minimum design objective
• Overdesign – viewed as having no upper bound and may be considered excessive
• Suboptimum – an environment that is constrained and not comfortable for passengers
ADRM LoS Parameters
Space TimePrevious
ranking
OverdesignExcessive or empty
Overprovision of resources
A, B
Optimum
Sufficient to accommodate necessary functions comfortably
Acceptable processing and waiting times
B, C, D
SuboptimumCrowded and uncomfortable
Unacceptable processing and waiting times
D, E
Excessive or
empty space
Accommodates
functions
comfortably
Crowded and
uncomfortable
Overprovision
of resourcesOverdesign Optimum Sub-Optimum
Acceptable
processing and
waiting times
Optimum Optimum Sub-Optimum
Unacceptable
processing and
waiting times
Sub-Optimum Sub-Optimum Under-Provided
ADRM LoS Parameters
Examples – Different Terminals
Seoul-Incheon Airport Check-in Lobby LoS A/B
LaGuardia Airport Check-in Lobby LoS E/F
• Vast check-in lobbies, comfortably sized hold rooms, high capacity baggage claim belts
• May be considered over-built by industry standards
• Older and capacity constrained
• Have not adapted airport operations and technology change
• Political decisions may impact improving LoS
Overdesign will not
necessarily result in
better level-of-service
Examples – Same Terminal
Guarulhos Airport Check-in Lobby (LoS A/B)
Guarulhos Airport Check-in Lobby (LoS E/F)
• A facility can operate under LoS A or B during a certain season or time of day, but may operate at LoS E or F during other times
• Terminal facilities should be designed to maintain a minimum LoS, even during peak periods
Simulation
Direct Observation
Good baseline data
is essential for
calculating capacity
Santos Dumont Airport
2014
Statistics
Pax 9.7M
Ranking 7th
Ops 128,000
Airlines 4
MarketsDomestic 12
International 0
Daily departures +160
Fleet
Mainline jet 73%
Turboprop/
regional jet27%
Check-inCounters 51
Kiosks 53
Security checkpoint lanes 8
Baggage claim devices 6
Operator Infraero
Terminal complex (m2) 19,000
Code B
Code C
Total
Terminal contact stands 0 8 8
Apron remote stands 1 12 13
Total 1 20 21
SDU – Passenger Terminal
2
1
4 3
SDU – Passenger Terminal
1 2
3 4
SDU – Operational Profile
Represents a typical busy weekday, August 2015
-2.000
-1.500
-1.000
-500
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Seat
s
# o
f Fl
igh
ts
Arrivals Departures Departure Seats Arrival Seats
SDU – Space AllocationSpace category Area (a)
Passenger processing areasCheck-in lobby 1,800Security screening checkpoint 440
Total 2,240Holdrooms
Domestic 2,840International -
Total 2,840Baggage processing
Baggage make-up area 560Baggage claim area 1,360Baggage claim frontage (m) 135
Total 1,920Customs and immigration -Public space
Restrooms - landside 630Restrooms - airside 140Restrooms – baggage claim 130Public circulation 5,890Secure circulation 2,080
Total 8,870
Space category Area (a)Concessions
Non-secure concessions 2,260Secure concessions 410Concessions support Unk
Total 2,670Other
Airline support 390Airline ticket offices 470Vacant Unk
Total 860Total area (b) 19,000
(a)Areas rounded to the nearest 10 m2.
(b)Inclusive of terminal area not listed above.
SDU – Space Allocation
Porto Alegre International Airport
Code C
Terminal 1
Terminal contact stands 10
Apron remote hardstands 6
Terminal 2
Terminal contact stands 5
Apron remote stands 4
Total 25
2014
Statistics
Pax 8.4M
Ranking 9th
Ops 92,960
Airlines 10
MarketsDomestic 17
International 5
Daily departures +100
Fleet
Mainline jet 65%
Turboprop/
regional jet35%
Check-inCounters 50 / 23
Kiosks 12 / 6
Security checkpoint lanes 9 / 4
Baggage claim devices 4 / 2
Operator Infraero
Terminal complex (m2)37,600 /
15,500
Terminal 1
2
1
POA – Passenger Terminal 1
POA – Passenger Terminal 2
4
3
1 2
3 4
POA – Operational Profile
Represents a typical busy weekday, August 2015
-1.800
-1.200
-600
0
600
1.200
1.800
2.400
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Seat
s
# o
f Fl
igh
ts
Arrivals Departures Arrival Seats Departure Seats
POA – Space AllocationSpace category (a) Terminal 1 Terminal 2
Passenger processing areasCheck-in lobby 720 550Security screening checkpoint 360 160
Total 1,080 710Holdrooms
Domestic 1,030 680Swing 290 -International 580 -
Total 1,900 680Baggage processing
Baggage make-up area 1,620 200Baggage claim-area 2,270 730Baggage claim frontage (m) 260 58
Total 3,890 930Customs and immigration 645 -Public space
Restrooms - landside 170 90Restrooms - airside 260 60Restrooms – baggage claim 130 70Public circulation 5,980 1,150Secure circulation 1,050 -
Total 7,590 1,370
Space category (a) Terminal 1 Terminal 2Concessions
Non-secure concessions 710 170Secure concessions 710 50Concessions support unk unk
Total 1,420 220Other
Airline support 590 120Airline ticket offices 240 -Vacant unk unk
Total 830 120Total area (b) 37,600 15,500
(a)Areas rounded to the nearest 10 m2.
(b)Inclusive of terminal area not listed above.
POA – Space Allocation
18%
17%
23%0%
34%
5%
3%6%
11%
22%
4%
44%
8%
5%Passenger processing areas
Holdrooms
Baggage processing
Customs and immigration
Public space
Concessions
Other
Terminal 1 Terminal 2
Sinop Airport
Code C
Terminal contact stands 0
Apron remote stands 2
Total 2
2014
Statistics
Pax 222,600
Ranking <30th
Ops 3,200
Airlines 2
MarketsDomestic 3
International 0
Daily departures 6
Fleet
Mainline jet 0%
Turboprop/
regional jet100%
Check-inCounters 2
Kiosks 0
Security checkpoint lanes 1
Baggage claim devices 1
Operator Sinop
Terminal complex (m2) 700
OPS – Passenger Terminal
2
1
3
4
1 2
3 4
OPS – Operational Profile
Represents a typical busy weekday, August 2015
OPS – Space Allocation
Space category Area (a)Passenger processing areas
Check-in lobby 100Security screening checkpoint 20
Total 120Holdrooms
Domestic 120International -
Total 120Baggage processing
Baggage make-up area 60Baggage claim area 140Baggage claim frontage (m) 20
Total 200Customs and immigration -Public space (b)
Restrooms - landside unkRestrooms - airside unkRestrooms – baggage claim unkPublic circulation unkSecure circulation -
Total unk
Space category Area (a)Concessions
Non-secure concessions 80Secure concessions -Concessions support -
Total 80Other (c)
Airline support 50Airline ticket offices -Vacant -
Total 50Total area (d) 700
(a)Areas rounded to the nearest 10 m2.
(b)Information was not provided by the Airport.
(c)Some support space provided on an upper
level of the building is not included.
(d)Inclusive of terminal area not listed above.
5. Capacity
Assessment
Process
Capacity Assessment Process
• Area required / area available = over / undersized
• Compare peak hour passenger throughputs to determine constrained areas
Peak hour passengers Area required
Area availableTheoretical
capacity
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Calculation 1:
Calculation 2:
Functional Areas Assessed
Departing
Arriving
If you’ve seen one
airport, you’ve seen
one airport
Demand Analysis
1. Identify the peak month
2. Identify the average day
3. Apply load factors
4. Create daily profile
Identify the Peak MonthCY2015 Monthly Seats and Operations
Salvador International Airport
Identify the Average DayJanuary 2015 Daily Seats
Salvador International Airport
16.000
16.500
17.000
17.500
18.000
18.500
19.000
19.500
20.000
20.500
21.000
01/01/2015 08/01/2015 15/01/2015 22/01/2015 29/01/2015
Da
ily S
ea
ts
Average
Load Factors and Daily Profile
• Load factors transform seat counts into passenger counts
• Peak hour may not occur at top of every hour
• Distribute flights into 10-minute bins
• Plot on rolling 60-minute timeline
Load factors can be obtained from airline investor
reports, IATA, Diio, Oliver Wyman reports, etc.
Apron Capacity
• Match flights
• Count flights
• Compare against existing contact and remote stands
8. Planning
for the Future
A Good Plan is…
Affordable
Can be constructed
Embraced by stakeholders
Adaptable
Aircraft trends
Source: Flight Global
Transportation Systems
• Declining use of auto ownership among millennials and city dwellers
• Increased use of ride-sharing apps and car sharing
Transportation Systems
• Self driving cars could affect parking needs and congestion on airport roadways
• Leading automakers expected to release self-driving cars within next five years
Check-in Trends
Major Increase in Self-Service Check-inSource: SITA’s 2015 Passenger IT Trends Survey, conducted globally in Q1 2015, in 17 countries across 5 continents, including Brazil.
Mobile Check-in
Percentage of Passengers Carrying a DeviceSource: SITA’s 2015 Passenger IT Trends Survey
New Mobile Services in the FutureSource: SITA’s 2015 Passenger IT Trends Survey
Passenger Check-in Trends:
Near-Term
US airlines are rolling out home printed bag tagging, while Asian and European airlines are rolling out permanent bag tagging. Between mobile check-in and remote bag tagging, the check-in lobby will change significantly.
Self-Service Bag Drop
• Qantas was one of the first airlines to renovate an entire terminal to this process
• Several US airports such as Chicago O’Hare have slowly begun to introduce the service with select airlines
Security Screening is Changing
• ANAC recently implemented extra security measures for domestic flights
• Mirrors international security
– Stricter bag spot checks
– Removal of electronic items
– Random passenger body checks
• Suggest passengers arrive two hours before their flight instead of 30 minutes
• Steep learning curve – security line at CGH extended into arrivals hall and delayed five flights
Security Screening Worldwide Trends
• Transition “security as a necessity” to “security as a service”
• Known traveler programs
• Technology to improve experience
• “Smart Security” pilots
Boarding
Biometric authentication:
• Alaska Airlines testing use of fingerprints as form of identification
Self-boarding gates:
• JetBlue has self boarding gates at McCarran International Airport
Concessions
• Quick Response (QR) barcodes
• Decentralize / free up retail space
• Make purchases on a tight schedule
• Virtual shopping walls (Frankfurt and Delhi)
Concessions
Targeted Marketing
• By developing demographic profiles of passengers, concessionaires will be able to target specific travelers
• Biometric technology could be used to augment the collection and utilization of passenger profile information
• Could be incorporated into virtual shopping or on-flight entertainment
Concessions Integration
JFK T5: Holdroom / Concessions integrationJFK T5: Centralized airside concessions mall
LAX TBIT: Artist rendition of the Great Hall – an airside concessions node
SFO T2: Holdroom/Concessions integration
Concessions Integration
J
• Holdrooms with FIDS
• Comfortable varied seating
• Workspaces and waiting spaces
• Daylight and views
Self-Service Trends
Aruba’s Queen Beatrix International Airport is the first airport in the world to provide a 100% self-service passenger experience.
Pax Flow: How Will It Change?
Sustainability at Airports
Capacity Terms
• Dynamic - maximum rate of persons through a system per unit of time
• Static - holding capacity of an area; number of units that can be held at one point in time