cape town: history and culture - luxury link...day 1 - continued... 6 cape town 8001 hours: daily...

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Cape Town: History and Culture

Cape Town, 4 Days

Table of contents:Guide Description 2

Itinerary Overview 3

Daily Itineraries 5

Cape Town Snapshot 13

http://www.nileguide.com/destination/cape-town/trips/cape-town-history-and-culture/2924

Guide Description

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AUTHOR NOTE: If youre looking for a trip that touches on a bitof Cape Town and South Africa's "Rainbow" heritage, then this isa good one for you. Cape Town's main population groups includeXhosa, Cape Coloureds, Cape Malay, and white (Afrikaaners,British, and good old African).

Itinerary Overview things to do

restaurants

hotels

nightlife

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Day 1 - Cape TownDAY NOTE: Make sure you book ahead as trips to RobbenIsland are often booked out in advance. Schedule enough time tograb breakfast (theres a great pancake house in the waterfront)and find your way to the Robben Island departure area. Afterlunch walk or grab a taxi to the Castle, then work your way toMama Africa for some good food and entertainment.

Robben IslandFamous political prison

Quay FourEnjoy an eclectic menu on the water

The Castle of Good HopeCape Town's own pentagon

Mama AfricaFood from across the continent in a friendly funkyspace

Cape Heritage HotelStunning old building in the city center

Day 2 - Cape TownDAY NOTE: Start with the City Centre and the CompanyGardens. There are walking tours available of this area, youmight want to join one for some extra historical insight or youmight want to take time to visit the National Art Museum. Fromhere, head to the District Six Museum which will offer insightinto a very Cape Tonian apartheid story. Distrix Cafe offerssimple lunches. Inquire about live music for possible night timeentertainment. The cafe often hosts South African artists inits outside ampitheatre. Wander through town to the Bo Kaaparea. Hear you can wander the main streets for a look backand forward at Cape Malay culture in Cape Town. Stop off atBiesmiellah for dinner where the wonderful owners and staffwill be more than happy to answer your questions about theneighborhood.

Slave LodgeThe Cape's Cultural and Social History

St. George's CathedralAnglican Cathedral

District Six MuseumMuseum of Cape Coloured Heritage

Bo KaapCape Malay neighborhood

BiesmiellahCape Malay in the heart of the community


Day 3 - Cape TownDAY NOTE: Ask the Cape Town Toursim office about townshiptours. Join one to your liking, perhaps stopping off at PhilaniNutrition Project, an organisation that provides income generationfor HIV positive mothers. See if you can stop by Mzoli's inGugulethu for a popular township braai experience. If youre avegetarian, they'll braai up your vegedogs for you. After yourtour, try to stop in at Wembley's drive in for some Cape Colouredcuisine in a very unique, eat in your car atmosphere. Finally stopin for some live theatre or dance at Baxter or Artscape.

Baxter (The)Experience a variety of disciplines

ArtscapeShowpiece theatre - window to the world


Day 4 - Cape TownDAY NOTE: Set off to Somerset West, Stellenbosch, andFranschoek for some wine farms and wine tasting. Choose thewinefarms that suit your taste or that look inviting. Enjoy a picniclunch but save space for dinner at the renowned Le QuartierFrancais. Perhaps you can see if the Spier Summer Arts Festivalis on and, if so, what live performances they have.

VergelegenStroll through its splendours

Itinerary Overview things to do

restaurants

hotels

nightlife

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La ProvenceA country getaway, a fascinating history

Rhebokskloof EstateGold Medal Winner Nestled Between Two Valleys

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Day 1 - Cape TownQUICK NOTE

DAY NOTE: Make sure you book ahead as trips to Robben Island are often booked out in advance. Schedule enough time to grabbreakfast (theres a great pancake house in the waterfront) and find your way to the Robben Island departure area. After lunch walk orgrab a taxi to the Castle, then work your way to Mama Africa for some good food and entertainment.

contact:tel: +27 21 413 4200fax: +27 21 419 1057http://www.robben-island.org.za/

location:Robben IslandCape Town Western Cape8001

hours:Ferries depart every hour8am-5pm. Tours maybe increased to includesunset tours in summer,and decreased in winter orbecause of inclement weather-- please call ahead

1 Robben Island

DESCRIPTION: Temporary "home" to many of South Africa's mostfamous anti-apartheid activists including Nelson Mandela, Robben Islandserved as prison, place of learning, and international symbol of apartheidgovernance. Today, the island is an UN World Heritage Site and hastaken on the role of museum with tours led by former prisoners. Accessis available by ferry from the Nelson Mandela Gateway at the V and AWaterfront. Book ahead to ensure availability and allocate half a day to thefull trip. © NileGuide

Photo courtesy ofRobben Island

contact:tel: 27 21 419 2008fax: 27 21 421 2056http://www.quay4.co.za/

location:Victoria and Alfred WaterfrontCape Town 8000

hours:Noon-late M-Su

2 Quay Four

DESCRIPTION: This revamped first-storey restaurant should not beconfused with the rowdy Quay Four Tavern downstairs. This Waterfrontvenue offers great service and fabulous fare. Situated in a formerdockside warehouse with a view facing Table Bay, Quay Four is nowdecorated in light blues and cream, with blue-upholstered woodenchairs, terracotta tiled floor and warm fireplace. The contemporary globalmenu is characterised with seafood and Asian influences. The sautéedbaby calamari with chilli-orange is a classic, while there is a good pastaselection and curry choice for vegetarians. The range of wines is smalland the prices fair. © wcities.com

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contact:tel: +27 21 787 1249/+27 21787 1260fax: +27 21 787 1089http://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/

location:Buitenkant Street

3 The Castle of Good Hope

DESCRIPTION: Jan van Riebeek led the first Europeansettlement in the Cape, and his instructions were to build apermanent settlement when he arrived in 1652. His first fortlaid the foundations of the city of Cape Town, and the Castlesoon replaced this fort on the same site. Built between 1666and 1679, the Castle is in the shape of a pentagon, each sideat 175 metres in length, and with walls standing at over 10 photo courtesy The Castle of Good

Hope

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Cape Town 8001

hours:Daily 9a-4p (Closed onChristmas and New Year's)

metres high. The Castle open day is a great opportunity to revelin the fascinating history of Cape Town, with entertainmentincluding tours of the castle, a tempting variety of cuisine,musical performances and children's activities. The Castle isopen to the public year-round. © wcities.com

contact:tel: 27 21 424 8634fax: 27 21 426 9459http://www.mamaafricarest.net/

location:178 Long StreetCape Town Western Cape8001

hours:M-Sa 8:30p-2a

4 Mama Africa

DESCRIPTION: Mama Africa's serves up fantastic food from across theAfrican continent in a funky, boisterous atmosphere. Warm, friendlywaiters provide information on the range of dishes brought to the table tobe shared 'family style.' A great place for a relaxed group gathering,a cultural experience, and fun cultural eating. © NileGuide

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contact:tel: 27 21 424 4646fax: 27 21 424 4949http://www.capeheritage.co.za/

location:92 Bree StreetCape Town Western Cape8001

5 Cape Heritage Hotel

DESCRIPTION: This hotel, built in 1771, is situated in the proximity ofthe colourful Bo-Kaap area. This opulent boutique hotel offers tastefullyappointed rooms, each with en-suite bathrooms, digital safes, fully stockedminibars and international plug points. As well as 24-hour room service,valet parking, and security. The hotel's central location enables easyaccess to restaurants, wine merchants, art galleries, fashion shops,Parliament and other popular attractions. © wcities.com

more photos onHotels.com

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DAY NOTE: Start with the City Centre and the Company Gardens. There are walking tours available of this area, you might want tojoin one for some extra historical insight or you might want to take time to visit the National Art Museum. From here, head to the DistrictSix Museum which will offer insight into a very Cape Tonian apartheid story. Distrix Cafe offers simple lunches. Inquire about live musicfor possible night time entertainment. The cafe often hosts South African artists in its outside ampitheatre. Wander through town tothe Bo Kaap area. Hear you can wander the main streets for a look back and forward at Cape Malay culture in Cape Town. Stop off atBiesmiellah for dinner where the wonderful owners and staff will be more than happy to answer your questions about the neighborhood.

contact:tel: +27 21 461 8280fax: +27 21 460 8202http://www.iziko.org.za/slavelodge/

location:Corner of Wale and AdderlyStreetsCape Town 8001

hours:9:30a-4:30p M-Sa

1 Slave Lodge

DESCRIPTION: Home to a large collection of cultural artifacts, the Slave Lodge in Cape Town'scity bowl is a small museum dedicated to slavery in the Cape. The Slave Lodge was built in 1679by the Dutch East India Company. Including housing nearly a thousand slaves, the building wasthe Cape's main brothel. After the British takeover, the building became the Supreme Court, a postoffice, government offices, and eventually a museum. © NileGuide

contact:tel: +27 (0)21 424 7360fax: +27 21 424 9772http://www.stgeorgescathedral.com/

location:5 Wale StreetCape Town Western Cape8000

2 St. George's Cathedral

DESCRIPTION: A landmark site for its role in South African historyand a meeting place for modern day protests, St Georges Cathedralin the heart of Cape Town represents a time of change in South Africa.In 1986, Desmond Tutu was enthroned as the first black archbishop ofSouth Africa. From the doors of Ste Georges Cathedral, he led numerousmarches and campaigns for the formal end of apartheid. © NileGuide

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contact:tel: +27 21 466 7200fax: +27 21 466 7200www.districtsix.co.za

location:Albertus and BuitenkantStreetsCape Town Western cape7800

hours:

3 District Six Museum

DESCRIPTION: Before the bulldozers of the apartheidgovernment came in the 1960s and 70s, District Six was a55,000 strong close knit lively community known for its jazz andanti apartheid sentiments. The District Six Museum is a smallbut creatively powerful museum that captures the history andculture of the neighborhood. Across town, the Bo Kaap offers ataste of a Cape Malay neighborhood that survived the apartheidyears in Cape Town. © NileGuide

Photo courtesy of District SixMuseum


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9a-3p M, 9a-4p T-Sa

contact:tel: +27 82 423 6829http://www.bokaap.co.za/

location:Cape Town Western cape7800

hours:Best to explore during thedays as some areas are notthe safest

4 Bo Kaap

DESCRIPTION: One of the oldest residential areas of CapeTown, the Bo Kaap is a unique neighborhood with a strongcultural and social history. Home of a "Cape Malay" community,the neighborhood is a collection of brightly painted housesand mosques. Strolling through the streets (daytime and largerstreets only) of the Bo Kaap provides a taste of a distinctlyCape Tonian community and lifestyle. If you find yourself in thearea for dinner, try out Biesmielleh restaurant on Wale Streetthat serves delicious Cape Malay fare. A visit to the DistrictSix Museum will offer some more insight into the history of theCape Malay community of Cape Town. © NileGuide

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contact:tel: 021/423-0850

location:2 Upper Wale StCape Town Western Cape8001

hours:Mon-Sat noon-10pm

5 Biesmiellah

DESCRIPTION: Situated in the heart of the Bo Kaap and family owned and operated, this CapeMalay restaurant has no pretentions, just good food and warm service. Local specialtys areserved on plastic covered tables with 80's-style placemats and gold framed pictures on the wall.Remember, this is a real Cape Malay restaurant- no alcohol is to be consumed or bought onpremesis.






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DAY NOTE: Ask the Cape Town Toursim office about township tours. Join one to your liking, perhaps stopping off at Philani NutritionProject, an organisation that provides income generation for HIV positive mothers. See if you can stop by Mzoli's in Gugulethu fora popular township braai experience. If youre a vegetarian, they'll braai up your vegedogs for you. After your tour, try to stop in atWembley's drive in for some Cape Coloured cuisine in a very unique, eat in your car atmosphere. Finally stop in for some live theatre ordance at Baxter or Artscape.

contact:tel: 27 21 685 7880fax: 27 21 689 1880http://www.baxter.co.za/

location:Main RoadCape Town Western Cape7701

hours:Office hours: 9a–1p and 2p–5p

1 Baxter (The)

DESCRIPTION: The Baxter was established in 1960 whenthe University of Cape Town inherited money to establish atheater to develop arts in Cape Town and adjacent districts. Themain theater has staged local and international productions,musicals and dance. The Concert Hall, is perfect for bothserious productions and experimental theater. A small studiocan accommodate smaller events. The Sennheiser systemprovides for those with impaired hearing, and Medidrama givesfree medical service to all patrons. Businessmen can hostconferences and meetings at this venue. Check website formore details on current and upcoming events. © wcities.com

Baxter (The)

contact:tel: 27 21 410 9800fax: 27 21 421 7839http://www.artscape.co.za/

location:DF Malan StreetCape Town Western Cape8001

hours:Performance times vary; Boxoffice: 9a-5p M-F

2 Artscape

DESCRIPTION: The city's showpiece theatre (formerly knownas the Nico Malan Theatre), Artscape was officially openedin May 1971, and became the home of the Cape PerformingArts Board (CAPAB). It has staged numerous opera, ballet,drama and music productions since, but has also been thescene for fashion shows, charity balls, art exhibitions and tradefairs. It offers a busy performance schedule with entertainmentprovided most Tuesday's to Saturday's. For further informationplease see the website. © wcities.com

If the point of interest is calledMario's Pizza Shack and the photo isdirectly from artscope website, photoattribution should be "Photo courtesy

of artscope"


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DAY NOTE: Set off to Somerset West, Stellenbosch, and Franschoek for some wine farms and wine tasting. Choose the winefarms thatsuit your taste or that look inviting. Enjoy a picnic lunch but save space for dinner at the renowned Le Quartier Francais. Perhaps youcan see if the Spier Summer Arts Festival is on and, if so, what live performances they have.

contact:tel: +27 21 847 1334fax: +27 21 847 1608http://www.vergelegen.co.za/

location:Lourensford RoadCape Town 7129

hours:9:30a-4p M-Su

1 Vergelegen

DESCRIPTION: Vergelegen (meaning 'situated far away') wasgranted to Willem Adriaan van der Stel on 1 February 1700.Van der Stel transformed the uncultivated land into a veritableparadise. Vergelegen passed through a succession of owners,until Anglo American Farms purchased it in 1987. Visitors arewelcome to stroll through the splendours that are Vergelegen.Upon entering the Octagonal Garden, brilliant colours andheady perfumes pay homage to the foresight of Lady Phillips,who from 1917 to 1940 lavished much time and attention on thegrounds. The Lady Phillips Tea Garden is an ideal setting foran alfresco lunch, while the Rose Terrace provides visitors withthe opportunity of enjoying refreshments during the summermonths. © wcities.com

Photo courtesy of Vergelegen

contact:tel: +27 21 876 2163

location:Off R45Cape Town Western Cape7690

hours:9:30a-5p M-F, 9:30a-12:30pSa

2 La Provence

DESCRIPTION: La Provence is situated in the middle of the Franschhoek Valley, just 40 minutesfrom Cape Town. The historic homestead was one of the original wine estates granted to PierreJoubert in 1712, by deed of transfer from the then Cape Governor, Simon van der Stel. In 1984,La Provence became the founder member of 'Vignerons de Franschhoek', an organisationinspired by imaginative fellow wine farmers in the Valley of the Vines. The Franschhoek Valleyhas subsequently gained recognition as a pivotal point in the Cape Winelands. For several years,guests to the wine farm have enjoyed the historic splendour of the buildings - a national monumentand regarded as one of the best-preserved homesteads in the Cape - while tasting the wine inthe cellar adjacent to the building. La Provence is not only a country getaway with an interestinghistory, but also a tranquil retreat in the heart of the Franschhoek winelands. © wcities.com

contact:tel: +27 21 863 8386fax: +27 21 869 8504http://www.rhebokskloof.co.za/

location:Off R44Cape Town 7623

hours:9a-5p M-Su

3 Rhebokskloof Estate

DESCRIPTION: Rhebokskloof Estate dates back to 1692when Governor Simon van der Stel gave a free grant to Dirkvan Schalkwyk, and is named after the small buck, rhebok,which used to roam freely in the area and may still occasionallybe seen in the vineyards. The estate nestles in two valleys,adjoined by the Paarl Nature Reserve at the northern endof Paarl Mountain, and is renowned for producing some ofthe finest wines in the area. Several of its wines have beenawarded gold medals at the annual Veritas Awards. The estateboasts the excellent Victorian and Cape Dutch restaurants,which are not named for their cuisine, but after the architectural

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style of the buildings in which they are housed. In the coldermonths, patrons are able to enjoy gourmet delights in cosydining rooms, while in summer the sumptuous meals, preparedby chef Stefan Achterfeld, are served on a terrace overlookingthe beautiful gardens, vineyards and mountains. © wcities.com

Cape Town Snapshot

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Local InfoCape Town is a fascinating mosaic ofAsian, European and African traditions.These streams of history flow together inthe city but, particularly because of thelegacy of the apartheid system, visitorsto Cape Town are often amazed by thedramatic contrasts that remain betweendifferent areas. Nature, too, creates verydifferent sub-climates around the mountainso the vegetation varies a great deal, as ofcourse do the vistas. The city, however, isconnected by fast freeways. Thus, twentyminutes from the wine farms of the leafyConstantia valley you could be on a beach,in the bustling city center or in a shantytownship. It is truly fascinating to discoverthe different areas and experience thediversity of culture in the city.

The Atlantic Seaboard

Camps Bay, Bantry Bay, Llandudno andClifton are the suburbs of foreign houseprices. The impressive apartment blocksbuilt into the mountain sides and theold cottages above the fabulous CliftonBeaches have been snapped up byoverseas buyers. Expect to see jet skis onthe roof garages. Clifton is very shelteredand the perfect place for a picnic at sunset.Camps Bay is picturesque and there aresome excellent restaurants and cafés. Thisis the place to hang out and be cool, butyou will be very cool indeed if you try toswim in the sea; the arctic currents don'tknow they've reached Africa.

Sea Point/Greenpoint are a little crazy.The Sea Point Promenade is the bestmicrocosm of humanity you could hope tofind. Roller bladers, women in saris, guysrugby training, older women with small dogs—it's all here. The mountain backdrop,tall apartments and the open lawns alongthe crashing sea—it's a perfect place for asunset walk. The main road has every kindof shop and plenty of restaurants. There isalso a small"red light" aspect too. A lively,slightly seedy area, perhaps best comparedwith Bayswater/Paddington in London. It'sworth a visit and many hotels, B&Bs andhostels of all standards are easily found offMain road.

Waterfront

The old docks have been excellentlyconverted into the Victoria and AlfredWaterfront, a very large complex of hotels,

restaurants and bars, shops(galore),cinemas(including IMAX), two craft marketsand a truly wonderful aquarium. Here youwill also find numerous companies offeringboat trips, including the Robben IslandFerry, and fun things such as jet skis andhelicopter trips. The information desks arehelpful and there is VAT refund too. It isa very easy and secure place with lots todo; but just a word on prices, you can findmost things cheaper elsewhere, especiallyjewelery.

City Centre

All the diversity of Cape Town is meshedinto the city centre. It is a surprisinglysmall area and is best covered on foot-but be prepared to fend off hawkers andsome street children. Keep your witsand your wallet about you and don't stayout after dark. St. George's Mall andGreenmarket Square are the undisputedheart of Cape Town; abuzz with vibes,sounds and crafts of Africa, all mixed upwith European heritage. In contrast, TheCompany Gardens are beautifully peacefuland historically very interesting: Take awalk along Government Avenue, pastParliament, and spend some time in theSouth African Museum; it is great fun.The Mount Nelson Hotel is at the top—theperfect place for high tea.

It is worth driving around the Grand Parade:The Castle of Good Hope and the CityHall are important buildings, and AdderleyStreet also has many of the grandestbuildings in Cape Town. Just above the citycenter is the Bo-Kaap—see the brightlycolored homes and notice the Malayinfluences.

At night, the center empties out of all butstreet people; it is best seen by day. Theexception is the top of Long Street whichis abuzz with nightlife, and check out thecafés and restaurants of upper Kloof Streetnearby in Gardens.

The Southern Suburbs, Constantia&Hout Bay

If you love rugby or cricket head forNewlands and there is a large, up-marketshopping centre nearby in Claremont,Cavendish Square. On the mountain slopesyou will find the Kirstenbosch NationalBotanical Garden, a definite"must see."Around the corner is Constantia; hereare some historic and wonderful wine

farms(such as Groot Constantia and KleinConstantia), a very impressive shoppingmall and some of the best restaurants in thecountry. There is an extensive walking trailacross the Constantia valley.

On the other side of the mountain exploreHout Bay, the land of very horsey,independent-minded people living in afabulous valley. The fishermen in the harborare a highly spirited bunch. You can takesea trips from here(see the seals on DuikerIsland). If the Chapman's Peak drive isopen, it is a must-do—magnificent.

The South Peninsula

The south peninsula is mountainous andlargely a National Park plus some verycharming seaside towns, notably the veryBritish Simon's Town, the fishing villageat Kalk Bay, gorgeous Noordhoek andKommetijie and rustic Scarborough. Thebeaches are fabulous(and the penguinsthink so, too); check out the little guysat Boulders Beach near Simon's Town.The water is much warmer on the easternside of the peninsula. Cape Point and itsmassive Nature Reserve are within easyreach and it is worth taking some time toexplore the reserve. For a famous picturestop go to the colorful beach huts at StJames and Muizenberg.

The Winelands

The winelands are an extensive area ofwine and fruit farms in a mountain settingless than an hour from Cape Town. There isa certain charm and dignity to the area andsome very pretty towns. There are manywine farms, in all styles and sizes, but thetaste and price are bound to please. Checkout a variety of big and small wine farmsin different areas, but beware of weekendclosing. Don't miss the restaurants ofFranschhoek and spending time exploringthe great beauty of Stellenbosch.

The Townships

To get some valuable insight into SouthAfrica's political history and cultural diversitytake a township tour(specialist companiesinclude African Dawn and Grassroutes).For many people this turns out to be theunexpected high point of their visit to CapeTown; the resilience, enterprise and hopeof these poor communities is very inspiringand the stories of the past are a soberinginsight into social planning gone mad. It is

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not recommended that you try to tour thetownships on your own, take an organizedtour with a specialist company.

The Northern Suburbs

Predominantly Afrikaans, modern andsuburban, these areas lie along the N1freeway. The classic view of Table Mountainis best viewed from Blouberg. Century Cityis set to rival the Waterfront as Cape Town'smajor leisure complex. The Durbanville Hillsmay of interest to wine enthusiasts and theTygervalley Center for those born to shop.©

HistoryCape Town is a unique city—a blend ofAsia and Europe in Africa. It is dominatedby, and owes its existence to, the steep andcoarse grizzled and gnarled slopes of TableMountain that tower 1,000m above the sea,surrounding it on three sides. A sandstonesoil and small mountain streams gave life toprehistoric peoples and animals living on itsslopes. The City also attracted sailors andfarmers of the trading nations and todayhas a population city of 3 million peopledescended from every corner of the world.

Long before the Himalayas or the Rockieswere formed, Table Mountain began torise out of the sea(by isostasy) at thesouthwestern tip of Africa. The emergingrelief has been checked and scarred bythe erosion of sea, wind, rain, fire and ice.Today Table Mountain is a fantastic arrayof buttresses and ravines, most famouslyevident in the"Twelve Apostles."HomoErectus saw similar sights 750,000 yearsago—and left abundant stone tools for ourmuseums. The fossilized footprints of"Eve,"117,000 years old, are one of the finestrelics found near Cape Town.

Relatives of the Bushmen, theKhoi,were maintaining a hunter/gatherer andherding economy around the mountainwhen in 1503 the first European saw, andthen climbed Table Mountain. He was aPortuguese Admiral, Antonio de Saldanha,and he was navigating the route to Indiabravely pioneered by his compatriotsBartolomeu Diaz(1488) and Vasco deGama(1497).

As the new route from Europe to theEast flourished, so more sailors saw theMountain and its peninsula. Francis Drakein 1580 described it as"the Fairest Cape

in the whole circumference of the globe."The British, in particular, developed tradewith theKhoi but no European settlementwas developed. However, in 1647 a Dutchship, the Haarlem, was wrecked in TableBay and its large crew marooned for a year.Their survival convinced the Dutch EastIndia Company that it was safe enough,and the land sufficiently fertile, to justifybuilding a permanent supply station atthe Cape. Thus, on Christmas Eve 1651,Jan van Riebeeck, a commander in theCompany(out of favour following allegationsof fraud), was dispatched from Amsterdamwith three ships and a daunting task toestablish a station at the Cape capable ofsupplying passing ships with fresh food andwine.

Van Riebeeck arrived in April 1652,constructed a wooden fort and laid outthe Company gardens, part of whichremain to this day. He set to work on vinegrowing and produced wine within fouryears(February 2nd 1659). Work soonbegan on a stone Castle and a paradeground that can still be seen. SubsequentGovernors, in particular, Simon van derStel(1679-1699), expanded the settlementdramatically. Huguenot refugees fromFrance helped to develop the areas ofFranschhoek, Stellenbosch, Paarl andWellington as notable wine growingregions.

The Company provided slaves from theEast to help with the work; indeed, slavessometimes outnumbered Europeans inthe settlement. The influence of Asia canbe seen in the architecture of Cape Town,the taste of its spicy food, the style of itsmusic and festivals, even in the grammarof the Afrikaans language that evolved inCape Town from Dutch. Asian blood is alsoevident in much of Cape Town's population.

Cape Town became known as"the tavernof the seas," a welcome half-way house onthe long journey between North and East.Her strategic importance was(and remains)crucial to world trade and with the threat ofNapoleon seizing the settlement, the Britishgarrisoned the elegant Dutch town in 1795.

Under Imperial British rule the city grew.Among the whitewashed Dutch buildingslarge colonial, neo-classical buildingswere arranged. The old farmlands becamesuburbs and, with the discovery ofdiamonds in the hinterland, the docksand city expanded rapidly. Cecil John

Rhodes(1853-1902) made his homein Cape Town, buying vast tracts ofthe mountains slopes that today arepublic forests, the Botanical Garden atKirstenbosch and the highly acclaimedUniversity of Cape Town.

Following the formation of the modernSouth Africa in 1910, Cape Town became,and remains, the nation's Legislature. Theiniquitousapartheid laws drafted in thatParliament limited black migration to thecity and divided white people and thoseof mixed racial descent. The mountainslopes became leafy"white" suburbswhile the townships on the sandy plainwere variously designated for"colored"and"black." The racial division of suburbsended in 1990, but racial and socio-economic differences between areasremain marked. A huge migration of blackpeople followed the easing of racial laws,and the city has grown vastly in the lastdecade and is now one third Xhosa(Mr.Mandela's tribal group).

The city center has changed too,particularly the reclamation of land andsubsequent development of the foreshorein the 1940s. The highly successfuldevelopment of complexes such as theWaterfront, followed in the 1990s. Manynew hotels and the refurbishment oftraditional attractions such as the CableCar, Kirstenbosch National BotanicalGardens and Cape Point have positionedthe city as one of the world's emergingprime tourist destinations and an importantgrowth point in Southern Africa.©

Hotel InsightsMost visitors prefer not to stay in thecentre of Cape Town since there aremore attractive areas in the surroundingsuburbs, and the city is well served by fastfreeways. Families may wish to be withinwalking distance of the Waterfront, whileothers may prefer to be near beaches. TheWinelands, Hout Bay and Constantia offervery beautiful surroundings and the SouthPeninsula would be perfect for those whodon't want to rush around. Gardens is veryconvenient.

Beaches

There are over 100 beaches aroundthe Cape Peninsula but the"classic"beaches are in Camps Bay and Clifton.


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Accommodation in these areas is priced atthe higher end of the scale. Staying a fewminutes' away in Sea Point will save you alot of money and cost you little time.

The classic view of Cape Town(two peakswith the"Table Top" between) is fromBlouberg beach, which is a little far out buthas a great view.

Anywhere in the South Peninsula will bewithin easy reach of beaches such asthe vast Muizenberg beach, Noordhoek,Kommetjie, Fishhoek and Scarborough.This area is relaxed and very pretty, butalso affordable and within easy reach ofCape Point. The seaside villages andharbours are most attractive. However, itwill take an hour to get to the city centerand a little more to the winelands so thisarea suits those who want to"chill out."Monkey Valley in Noordhoek is a popularplace to stay, so too are the guesthouses ofKommetjie and Simon's Town.

Hout Bay has a good beach, in a verybeautiful setting, and some lovely places tostay. Great fish is to be had in the harbourand horse-riding is very popular too. It is ineasy(and magnificent) contact with CapeTown but is, of course, more expensive.

Waterfront& Sea Point/ Green Ponit

The Waterfront complex will suit any ageor person but families, in particular, willappreciate the array of shops, restaurantsand entertainment in the Waterfront.The Cape Grace, The Table Bay and theRadisson Hotel Waterfront are very fine fivestar hotels. At the other end of the pricerange the Breakwater Lodge is excellentvalue for money.

Near to the Waterfront are Green Point,a busy area but very well located, andthe next suburb, Sea Point. They are wellpositioned and Sea Point has a superbpromenade for sunset walks. It also hasmany restaurants and shops, althoughthe area can be a little seedy. There is avery great deal of accommodation of allstandards available, so if you arrive at theairport and need a place to stay head forGreen Point/Sea Point.

City Centre

During the'90s the city centre becamerather unsafe. This situation hasimproved(with extensive use of surveillancecameras), but it is still not the best area tochoose for a relaxing holiday and tends to

be rather quiet at night. The exception isLong Street, which is a great evening"hang-out" for the young at heart, and someinexpensive accommodation is available.

Gardens

Above the city centre is Gardens, which isa leafy and very elegant area. Kloof Roadhas a fine concentration of restaurants andcafes. There are some beautiful homes andmany have been converted into excellentguesthouses. The most historic hotelin Cape Town, the Mount Nelson, is inGardens and retains a distinctly colonialclass.

Constantia

Constantia has long been a favoreddestination of the rich classes of England.It is leafy and elegant, terribly civilized andproperly wealthy. The oldest wine farmsare in this area(although it is remarkablyclose to the center). There are a number ofexcellent restaurants and some very fineaccommodation. Expect high prices.

The Southern Suburbs

Middle-class areas such asNewlands(home of the major sportsvenues) Rondebosch and Claremont areleafy and well-located for all the attractions.Some visitors may find them too suburbanfor holiday making.

The Northern Surburbs

As these are predominantly Afrikaansand traditionally conservative, Englishspeakers may prefer not to stay in thesesuburbs, although areas like Tygervalleyand Durbanville are a little more culturallyaccessible.

The Winelands

It can be a good idea to spend a nightor two staying in the winelands, not onlyto cut out the hour journey from CapeTown but to enjoy the very dignified andcertainly spectacular scenery of the areaand some excellent restaurants and winefarms. Stellenbosch is very beautiful,charming and sophisticated and theoldest town in South Africa. Paarl is alsopretty; the Grande Roche is popular withGerman visitors. The Franschhoek valley isgorgeous and very French in its style. Here,you will fine superb cuisine. Somerset Westis a larger town, but also comfortable andwell-located. The prestigious Erinvale golfcourse is on its fringes.

Hermanus

Hermanus is an hour- and a-half from CapeTown. It is famous for whale spotting duringthe months of July through December. It isa pleasant seaside town with fine coastalwalks and some good accommodation. It iswell-located for the Walker Bay wine farmsand drives into the lovely Overburg region.©

Restaurants InsightsUnbeknownst by many visitors to CapeTown, there is a superb tradition of cuisinein the city. The Malay slaves transformedthe traditional dishes of Europe and Britaininto a unique"Cape Malay" style, using thespices from the passing boats. Such dishesinclude Bobotie and Breedies. However,most restaurants focus upon Mediterraneanand Pacific Rim influences. Naturally, fishand other seafood is very important too,and there is a growing number of Africanrestaurants.

Cape Town was always"the tavern of theseas", and is an important wine-growingarea to boot, so some good drinking is inorder. There is a genuine love of dining anddrinking in Cape Town, and you will findlocal cuisine and various styles from aroundthe world cooked and presented superbly.Many restaurants have beautiful settingsand decor. Most visitors are also amazed athow inexpensive it is to eat out. Too good tobe true? Just try.

The Atlantic Seaboard

In Camps Bay, Blues is a perennialfavorite. Next door, and sharing thesame magnificent view over the beach, isVillamoura, a top quality and very popularfish restaurant. On the main road there arealso a number of less formal and trendyeateries.

For general fare and family diners theWaterfront and Sea Point Main Roadhave numerous places to eat. For goodChinese food, try the Fortune Garden onBeach Road in Sea Point. Anatoli's is apopular Turkish Restaurant in Greenpoint,and Beluga's is in"The Foundry" aroundthe corner. On the Waterfront is Emily's,where you will find superb South Africancuisine(and a good deal of eccentricity too).

Some of the hotels have excellentrestaurants, particularly the Cape Grace,


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the Radisson Waterfront Hotel, and theMount Nelson in Gardens.

For bars try the Ambassador Hotel inBantry Bay at sunset. In the Waterfront trythe historic Ferrymans, Quay Four, or theSports Café.

Gardens& Woodstock

Aubergine and the Blue Danube arepopular for continental cuisine. The top ofLong Street is abuzz in the evenings withall manner of trendy places; for African foodand vibes try Mama Africa at number 178. Ifnothing piques your interest here, try KloofStreet, a minute's drive up the hill, for morecafés and restaurants.

On Church Street in central Cape Town,near Greenmarket Square, Bukhara is anexcellent Indian Restaurant.

Constantia

Constantia lays claim to some of the finestdining in South Africa. Amongst which,Buitenverwachting offers superb HauteCuisine and, more relaxed but just asclassy, La Colombe provides excellentProvencal cuisine. A very enjoyable, wellpriced restaurant and excellent bar is atPeddlars, on the Bend.

The Winelands

Don't miss the restaurants of Franschhoek:Haute Cabriére, Le Quartier Francais andLa Petite Ferme are all well regarded, andother restaurants in the area are excellent,too. In Paarl, Bosman's at the GrandeRoche Hotel is a very formal and award-winning Haute Cuisine restaurant. TheJonkershuis on the Spier estate offers anexcellent and fascinating traditional CapeMalay buffet. The Boschendal Estate offer afamous picnic during the summer months.

In terms of wine tasting it is very unfair tosingle some estates over others—try yourluck! You are unlikely to be disappointed.But, to mention some good places to start:Fairview near Paarl; Delaire(mainly for theview); Warwick in the lovely Idas Valleyand Cabriére in Franschhoek for excellentchampagne-style wines.

Blouberg

At sunset, the Blue Peter Hotel has apopular bar and light food where dinerscan watch the sun set over Table Mountain.

On the Rocks is a formal restaurant withexceptional views.©

Nightlife InsightsCape Town is by its nature a playfulcity(materialists left for Johannesburg orLondon long ago). But the diversions ofCape Town tend to be the beaches, sports,mountain walks, day-trips, wine tasting andby evening, sunsets and fine dining. Thearts are necessarily constrained by financesand there are few theatres and concertvenues. Museums are, equally, strappedfor cash, although a few are well worth avisit. However, the love of music(particularlyjazz) is very strong and cinema, too, ispopular. There are also some venues fornightlife and a theme park. Festivals andspecial events are frequent, so check whenyou're in town.

Museums

The SA Museum in the Company Gardensis excellent. The Whale Gallery stealsthe limelight but the Planetarium andthe other exhibits are well done. TheAquarium(in the Waterfront) is superb andhighly recommended. The Castle is theoldest building in South Africa and has theexcellent William Fehr art collection. Theimpressive Groot Constantia estate hasa grand Manor House that is well worth avisit. Robben Island is now a museum; itwas formerly a prison for political activistsincluding Nelson Mandela. Unfortunately,the organisation and quality of tours onRobben Island is sometimes poor.

Art

The best place to see art and antiques isat commercial galleries. Try Church Streetnear Greenmarket Square in the city centre.Small galleries are also found in mostshopping malls. In-Fin-Art on Wolfe Streetis a good place to start.

Cinema

Cinemas are located in the shopping mallssuch as Cavendish Square in Claremontand the Waterfront. One exception is theLabia, an old cinema and landmark inGardens. Cinéma Nouveau(in CavendishSquare and the Waterfront) feature morearty films. There is an IMAX cinema inthe BMW Pavilion in the Waterfront. Thestandard of cinemas is usually very high.

Theatre& Concerts

There are two main theatre complexes: theBaxter in Rondebosch and the Artscapeon the foreshore. They feature the fullrange of theatre, dance and music. Thestandard and appeal are variable. Duringthe summer there are excellent concertsat the Kirstenbosch National BotanicalGarden on Sundays(take a picnic) and theSpier Estate in the Winelands. The Theatreon the Bay in Camps Bay is home to lightcomedy and thrillers. For"fringe" theatre tryOn Broadway in Greenpoint.

Jazz

Cape Town has a strong passion for jazz,but there are remarkably few regularvenues that are easy to get to. The GreenDolphin in the Waterfront is well known,and Café Camissa is in Gardens on KloofStreet. 169 on Long Street is anothervenue.

Nightlife

To find hip night venues try The Jam on deVilliers Street, the clubs at the bottom ofLong Street or La Med at Maiden's Covenear Clifton. The biggest night venue by faris Dockside at Century City. The Drum Caféis very trendy and cool(32 Glynn Street).

Theme Park

Ratanga Junction opened in 1999. It hasvarious rides; one of which,"The Cobra," isone helluva ride! There are restaurants, acinema and entertainment venues. This is agood place for families to have some fun.©

Things to Do InsightsTours of Cape Town cannot be readilyundertaken on foot or by public transport.However, there are many companiesoffering tours very similar to the ones below,using microbuses and qualified guides.These are excellent value for money.Otherwise follow the routes outlined belowusing a car.

Sir Francis Drake described the Cape Townpeninsula as"the fairest Cape in the wholecircumference of the globe." With fantasticvistas, lovely bays and coastline, penguins,and the most southwesterly tip of Africa, ifyou do only one thing in Cape Town, thisis it! It is a full day visit—try to get an earlystart.


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Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden

From Cape Town, take the M3(BlueRoute) south. You pass the Groote SchuurHospital(where the first heart transplanttook place in 1967), Mostert's Mill(built in1796 and still in working order), the grandbuildings of the University of Cape Townand Newlands forest. At the traffic lightsturn right onto Rhodes Avenue. You willcome to the famous Kirstenbosch NationalBotanical Garden on the right. Stop hereand take a walk in the gardens—they arespectacular.

Rejoin Rhodes Drive and continue south.At the junction turn right and proceed alongRhodes Drive surrounded by forest. Keepgoing along the windy road until the farend where you will find a traffic circle. Turnleft down the Constantia Nek Road(M41).As the hill levels out you will see a signpointing right for Groot Constantia. Turnright. You may wish to stop at the smallparade of fine shops on your left and visitthe Old Cape Farm Stall. Then carry on tothe Groot Constantia Estate. Enjoy the oldManor House and some wine tasting nearthe exit.

Stay on Main Road all the way to theCape Point Reserve. Once you passMuizenberg you will see its magnificentbeach. Very soon, on the right, you willsee Rhodes Cottage. Here, Rhodes diedin 1902, you may wish to stop and visitthe small museum. Look out on the leftfor the colourful beach changing-roomsin St James. Along this road you will passinteresting antique and art shops. Youmay wish to stop at Kalk Bay harbor; whenthe boats arrive, it becomes a festive fishmarket.

The main road runs on through Simon'sTown. Stop in Jubilee square. You may wishto have lunch here and spend time enjoyingthis old British naval base. You can finddetails about the town at the informationoffice.

Cape Point Nature Reserve

Resume your journey south. You will passthe Black Marlin on the left; this is a popularlunch stop(book ahead if possible). Perfectstop before heading to the Cape PointNature Reserve. Enter here. The Reserveis principally dedicated tofynbos, theindigenous flora. At the end of the reserveyou will reach Cape Point. Spend time herewalking down along the cliffs or up to the

Lighthouse. A good lunch is available at theTwo Oceans Restaurant.

As you drive away from the Point you willsoon come to a left turn for the Cape ofGood Hope. If time allows, take this, theCape is the south-western tip of Africa andworth the extra 10 minutes' drive to it.

Spier Cellars

The Cape Winelands are world-renownedfor superb wines and great beauty. Themountains enclose fine Dutch-style townsdeveloped by the Dutch and Huguenotsettlers in the late seventeenth century.They took on the wild landscape and left afine wine industry, pretty towns and a greatheritage.

Depart Cape Town and take the N2highway, you will pass the airport butkeep going until you see the turn off toStellenbosch(R310). Take this turn off,turn left and after a few miles you willsee the Spier Cellars on the right. Spieris a winelands entertainment complex.Wander among the old buildings and visitthe Cheetah project. As you wish, have awine tasting here and visit the extensivewine shop. Rejoin the R310 and continuetoward Stellenbosch.

If you are interested in brandy, take the nextright and make your way to the Van RynBrandy cellar for a fascinating tour of theDistillery. Resume your journey along theR310. When you reach the T junction turnright and follow the road into Stellenbosch.

Stellenbosch

As you approach Stellenbosch turn rightinto Dorp Street. The variety of architectureand the great oaks and canals of Dorpstreet are magnificent, but keep your eyesopen for signs pointing left to the touristinformation. Go there and ask for a walkingtour of the town and for free maps of thewinelands. The Village Museum is alsoworth a visit.

Resume the journey, turning right at the endof the road toward Franschhoek. Followthe R45 the length of the beautiful valleyuntil you enter the town. There are manyexcellent places for lunch in the town andon the pass at its far end. You may wish towalk around the Huguenot Memorial at theend of the high street.

Cabriére Estate

Driving from the Memorial, back downmain road, take the first left and followthe signs to the Cabriére Estate(you willfollow a farm track). Here, you can sampleexcellent champagne-style wines. LeaveFranschhoek on the R45, retracing yoursteps, and stay on this road toward Paarl.

At the junction at the end of the R45 turnleft and then right into the Agter Paarl roadtoward the Fairview Estate. The estate willsoon be seen on the right. This award-winning estate produces fine wine andgoats cheese. See the goat house in theparking area.

Continue along the Agter Paarl road—stopat any of the estates if you are still in themood for tasting—and at the junction at theend of the road turn left onto the R44. Youwill come to turnings onto the N1 freeway;turn right toward Cape Town. The journeyback to the city takes about 50 minutes.

The Castle of Good Hope

Find a map of the city center from any hotelor information booth. Then follow this routeon a journey through the history of the cityand some of its most beautiful sights andbeaches.

Make your way along Strand Street to TheCastle of Good Hope(the oldest building inSouth Africa). You may wish to park andtake a guided tour of the castle and its artcollection. Resume down Darling Streetpast the 1905 City Hall. At the end of theroad turn left into Adderley Street. Youwill see the Great Church on your left(firstbuilt in 1700) and the old Slave Lodge onthe corner. Pass the Cathedral of St.Maryand turn left into Queen Victoria Streetand park. From here explore the CompanyGarden, walking up to the oldest museumin the country, the South African Museum.It showcases the natural history of SouthAfrica, and early human communities of thesub-continent. It is noted particularly for itswhale gallery and collection of Bushmanrock art, including the important LintonPanel. This is the only museum in SouthAfrica with an adjoining Planetarium.

St George's Cathedral

Stroll downhill along shady GovernmentAvenue and view the Houses of Parliament.At the bottom you will find St George'sCathedral on the left. Cross the road andwalk down St George's Mall, the city's mainpedestrian thoroughfare. Turning to the left


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you will find Greenmarket Square wherethere is a lively market during the week.Visit the Old Town House on the left side ofthe square and exit via Burg street whichadjoins it. The first right is Church Streetwhere you will find art galleries and antiqueshops. If you turn left at the end of BurgStreet you can soon turn right again intoQueen Victoria Street to find your car.

Gordon's Bay

This tour is especially recommendedwhen Southern Right Whales calve off theHermanus coast(July to December). It isbest to get an early start to make the mostof the day.

When you reach the beach front you maywish to stop and enjoy the magnificentbeach. Continue along the coast intoGordon's Bay(you may wish to stop inthe harbor). The road continues southalong the coast on the Faure Marine(R44)/Clarence Drive. This is a truly marvelousroad with views across False Bay to theCape Peninsula.

Follow the coast around; take some timeto explore the villages along the way(suchas Pringle Bay), and visit the Harold PorterBotanic Garden in Betty's Bay(on the leftof the road). Continue through Kleinmond.After a while, you will come to the junctionwith the R43; follow the signs to Hermanus.You will soon cross the Bot River. Followthe R43 on to Hermanus.

Once in Hermanus, follow the main roaduntil you see the Marine Hotel on the right;turn right here and park. There are variousplaces for lunch. After lunch wander alongthe cliff path, enjoying the tremendousviews and, of course, spot whales playingoff the coast. You will also find the popularHarbour Museum.

Cape Flats and Table Mountain

Climb the amazing Houhoek pass and soonyou will be travelling through the famousCape apple growing districts of Elgin andGrabouw. Stop at one of the farmstallsalong the way. Stop in the car park at thehead of Sir Lowrys Pass(it is on the bend)for a wonderful view of the Cape Flats andTable Mountain. Now continue down thepass and all the way back to Cape Town onthe N2.

Guided Day Trips Cape DiscoveryTours( +27 02 1426 1641/http://www.sa-venues.com/explore/capediscoverytours/)

History Tours Direct Action for Peace andMemory( +27 02 1448 5760/ http://www.sa-venues.com/explore/dacpm/)

Boat Tours Tigger 2 Charters( +27 021790 5256/ http://www.sa-venues.com/explore/tigger2charter/)©

Travel TipsGetting There

By Air

Cape Town International Airport(+27 11 4539116/ http://www.airports.co.za/home) isthe second largest airport in South Africaand offers transportation to destinationsthroughout the world. The following airlinesprovide service to Cape Town:

Air France(+27 21 934 8818/ http://www.airfrance.com/) Air Mauritius(+27 21421 6294/ http://www.airmauritius.com)Air Namibia(+27 21 936 2755/ http://www.airnamibia.com.na) BritishAirways(+27 21 936 9000/ http://www.british-airways.com/) Egypt Air(+27 21461 8056/ http://www.egyptair.com.eg/docs/home.asp) Lufthansa(+ 27 21 415 3735/http://www.lufthansa.com/)

From the Airport

Shuttles& Taxis: Shuttle and taxi providersoffer service to and from the airport. Majorproviders include City Hopper(+27 21934 4440), Dumalisile(+27 21 934 1660),Legend Tours(+27 21 936 2814), MagicBus(+27 21 534 9105) and Way 2 Go(+2721 696 5544).

Car Rentals: Some of the major car rentalcompanies include: Avis(+27 21 934 0330/http://www.avis.fr) Budget(+27 21 380 3140/http://www.budget.fr) Europcar(+27 21 9342265/ http://www.europcar.fr) Hertz(+2721 386 1560/ http://www.hertz.fr) CapeTown Car Hire(+27 21 386 7699/ http://www.slashcarhire.com)

Train

Numerous train lines service Cape Town.Some of the most popular include the BlueTrain, Rovos Rail, Spier Vintage Train, andOutenigua Choo Tjoe. Train service canusually be booked through the MainlinePassenger Service Call Center(086 0008888/ http://www.spoornet.co.za).

Car

Three national roads start in Cape Town.The city can be reached via N1, N2, N7,and also via R62.

Sea

Cape Town's port, located in Table Bay, isof historical importance. One of the world'sbusiest shipping corridors leads throughCape Town.

Getting Around

Public Transport

Three main bus providers service CapeTown. Greyhound(+27 83 915 9000),Intercape Mainliner(+27 21 419 8888),and Translux(+27 21 449 3333) providetransportation to multiple destinations. TheMetro Rail(http://www.metrorail.co.za/)provides service throughout the city andbeyond.©

Fun FactsCape Town Country: South Africa

Cape Town by the Numbers:

Population: 3,497,000 Average WinterTemperature: 26°C/ 79°F AverageSummer Temperature: 18°C/ 64°F MostPrecipitation: 52 mm/ 2 in Number ofOfficial Languages Spoken: 11 Number ofLibraries: 107

Quick Facts:

Electricity: 220/230 volts, 3-pin-plug, modelM Time Zone: GMT+2 Country DialingCode: 27 Area Code: 21

Did You Know?

Cape Town was established in 1652 asa supply outpost for the Dutch East IndiaCompany. Since this time, the city has hadan extended history of imperial occupationculminating the apartheid state that lastedfrom 1910 to 1994. Although one of thesafest destinations in South Africa, visitorsare advised to exercise caution whentraveling.

After being released in 1990, NelsonMandela made a speech of his hopes for anapartheid-free South Africa at Cape TownCity Hall.©


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Weather

Statistics Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature C

Average High 25 26 24 22 20 19 18 18 19 21 23 24

Average Mean 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

Average Low 17 17 16 14 14 12 12 12 13 14 15 17

Temperature F

Average High 78 79 76 72 68 66 65 64 67 70 74 76

Average Mean 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

Average Low 63 63 60 58 56 54 54 53 55 58 60 62

Rainy Days 3 2 3 6 9 9 10 9 7 5 3 3

Rain Fall (cm) 1.6 1.5 2.2 5.0 9.2 10.5 9.1 8.3 5.4 4.0 2.4 1.9

Rain Fall (in) 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.9 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.3 2.1 1.6 1.0 0.8

© NileGuide

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