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Capital Region Neighborhood

Analysis

Health Equity Report

HEALTH CAPITAL DISTRICT INITIATIVE Population Health Improvement Program

INTRODUCTION

Although many Capital Region neighborhoods are enjoying a high quality of life, not everyone is benefiting or sharing in the opportunities. Nationally, there have been initiatives to tackle these issues through cross-sector collaboration to diminish inequalities that some of our neighborhoods experience. Some of these national initiatives include Build Healthy Places Network1, Raising Places2, Purpose Built Communities3, and ASTHO’s Building Healthy and Resilient Communities4. Local data follows national trends, showing an increase in income inequality while seeing health indicators plateauing and life expectancy differences growing. Many people in our neighborhoods face persistent disadvantages. Contributing issues combine social factors such as high levels of poverty, inadequate housing, and income burden with debilitating health issues. Living in disadvantaged neighborhoods has been linked to a number of healthcare outcomes, including higher rates of diabetes and asthma, increased emergency room visits, and earlier death. This report demonstrates that there is a strong correlation between summary Sociodemographic and Health Indicators and is intended to be a resource for those working to improve low-income communities and the lives of people living in them.

OUR RESEARCH

As part of the Capital Region Community Health Assessment process, HCDI and partners have identified 58 Zip-code aggregate neighborhoods to assess public health need at the sub-county level (see Appendix III for neighborhood definitions).Our latest disparity report examines the relationship between socioeconomic and health indicators by looking at the variation among the Capital Region’s 58 neighborhoods.

Using summary indicators such as years of potential life lost (YPLL) and area deprivation index (ADI- 17 indicators including income, education, employment, and housing quality) the Capital Region’s 58 neighborhoods are ranked with detailed analysis to show the difference in the 6 high-need and 6 low-need neighborhoods. This comparison highlights which of our communities are struggling with both health indicators and socioeconomically barriers.

Key Findings

1. Within the Capital Region,individuals living in a High-Need neighborhood have 5times higher rate for Years ofPotential Life Lost (YPLL) thanindividuals living in a Low-Need neighborhood less than 5miles away.

2. When looking at areadeprivation (ADI) 13 out of 58Capital Region neighborhoodsare worse than the U.S.average.

3. Four neighborhoods in theCapital Region fall into thenation’s worst 15% (85thpercentile).

4. There is a very strongcorrelation between socio-demographic and health status,particularly assault, asthmaand diabetes.

ADI and YPLL were chosen as they are aggregate measures of socio-economic conditions and health outcomes. Our analysis suggests that addressing socio-economic conditions will improve multiple health outcomes. This report is for community groups, foundations, health departments, municipalities and others interested in building a case for the development of place-based strategies. It demonstrates that it is critical that community, economic, environmental, behavioral, and social determinants of health be part of a collaborative effort. This report aims to spark a conversation among community partners to learn and share best practices for improving the quality of life in at-risk neighborhoods. By examining neighborhood-based data we hope to shed light on disparities that exist in our region. The report’s narrative and data hope to inspire the promotion of shaping and developing positive change in struggling neighborhoods. Community-determined efforts backed by data will encourage the improvement of health in our communities. Population health methods enable us to identify where public health needs are and which strategies have evidence of successfully reducing those needs. By examining local neighborhoods this study identifies multiple disparities between high-need and low-need neighborhood.

Health Happens in Neighborhoods Those of us in health care and population health understand that clinical care accounts for only 20% of health outcomes. In contrast, social and economic factors like housing, income, employment, and other social and economic factors drive health outcomes attribute upwards to “40% of how well and how long we live.''5 NYS Health Foundation states “Where we live affects our health in multiple and complex ways. Poor health indicators are concentrated in neighborhoods that are most disadvantaged by society’s social, economic, and housing inequities.”6 Studies on life expectancy are showing that where we live is so crucial to overall health that an individual may end up living 5 years shorter life than someone residing just a few miles away.7 In the previous HCDI Premature Mortality Health Equity Report8, high-need neighborhoods of Hamilton Hill in Schenectady (52.8%) and South End in Albany (50.4%) had over 50% of their deaths that were premature (<65 years); much higher than the low-need neighborhoods of Scotia-Glenville in Schenectady (13.1%) and Bethlehem in Albany (13.7%).

Google Maps Images9

Top 6 High-Need Neighborhoods* Top 6 Low-Need Neighborhoods* Hamilton Hill, Schenectady County Bethlehem, Albany County South End/Downtown, Albany County New Scotland, Albany County South End, Albany County Clifton Park West, Saratoga County City/Stockade, Schenectady County Latham, Albany County West End, Albany County Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County Cairo/Durham, Greene County Taconic Hills, Columbia County

*Ranked by YPLL

Bethlehem South End Household Income10 $47k Household Income10 $22k

Incarceration Rate10 <1% Incarceration Rate10 4.5%

Median Rent10 $1,300 Median Rent10 $674 Poverty Rate10 2% Poverty Rate10 46%

Diabetes ED Rate 89.8* Diabetes ED Rate 810.5* Assault Hx. Rate 0.6* Assault Hx. Rate 18.1*

Asthma ED Rate 18.2* Asthma ED Rate 251.1* Teen Pregnancy Rate 5.1* Teen Pregnancy Rate 82.9** % Premature Deaths (<65 yrs)8 13.7% % Premature Deaths (<65 yrs)8 50.4%

*per 10,000 **rate per 1,000 females aged 15-19

A Tale of Two Neighborhoods Bethlehem and South End (Albany County) The distance between the neighborhoods of Bethlehem and South End paints a picture of the differences between them. These two neighborhoods are less than five miles away from each other, yet the sociodemographic and health indicator data demonstrates the connection between high poverty neighborhoods, poor health, and socio-economic conditions.

Neighborhood Rankings

Neighborhood Distribution of Summary Indices The Capital Region Neighborhood Analysis reviewed multiple socio-demographic and health-related indicators in order to identify “high need” neighborhoods. In addition to the individual indicators, three summary indices were reviewed: Area Deprivation Index (ADI)11; SocioNeeds Index12; and Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL < 75 years).8 Of the socio-demographic indices, ADI was chosen for more detailed analysis as it is utilized more nationally, and more highly correlated with YPLL than SocioNeeds Index. YPLL was chosen as the summary health indicator as it measures premature mortality and is a measure utilized in creating the Health Outcome Rank in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’ss County Health Ranking Model.

Social Indicators Area Deprivation Index (ADI) The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was developed by the Health Resources and Services Administration. It is a measure that indicates the socioeconomic deprivation that exists in a neighborhood. The ADI is calculated by combining 17 indicators of income, education, employment, and housing quality. ADI is measured on a national scale-a score of 100 (50th percentile) is the national average. A high ADI score is indicative of higher levels of deprivation in neighborhoods.

ADI Indicators11

Families below poverty level (%) Median gross rent ($) High School Graduation Obtained Ages 25 Years and Older (%)

Median home value (%)

Owner-occupied housing units (%) Median monthly home cost ($) Households without a motor vehicle (%) Percent of population below 150% of poverty

threshold (%) Crowding Households with more than 1 person per room (%)

Single parent households with children under 18 years (%)

Households without complete plumbing (%) Less than high school education (%) Households without a telephone (%) Unemployment Ages 16 Years and Older (%) Income disparity Employed person 16+ in white collar occupations (%)

Median family income ($)

The highest ADI percentile given to a neighborhood in the Capital Region was 93% (Hamilton Hill) whereas the lowest was 12% (Bethlehem).

Five of the Six Capital Region counties have neighborhoods that fall into the 4th risk quartile for ADI’s

Click here for a full page map image

The Neighborhoods Include: Albany South End/Downtown West End South End Center Square/Arbor Hill Delaware/2nd Ave. Waterveliet/Green Island North Albany/Menands Columbia Hudson Greene Cairo/Durham Catskill Coxackie/Athens Rensselaer Troy/Lansingburgh Schenectady Hamilton Hill City/Stockade Goose Hill/Union Upper State Street

11

http://www.hcdiny.org/content/sites/hcdi/equity_reports/ADI_Map.pdf

The top 5 neighborhoods in the Capital Region for ADI all had percentiles of 75 or greater: Hamilton Hill 93% South End/Downtown 90% West End 87% South End 86% City/Stockade 78% The bottom 4 neighborhoods had ADI percentiles of 15 or less: Clifton Park West 15% Loudonville 14% New Scotland 13% Bethlehem 12%

11

Health Indicators Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)

Measuring how long people in a community live tells us whether people are dying too early, and it prompts us to look at what’s driving premature deaths.

“By exploring a county’s data related to Length of Life, we can answer a critical question: Are people living long, healthy lives? The answer to that question can highlight important indicators about a community’s health. It also reveals if people in one community are dying earlier than those in other communities.”14

YPLL is a summary measure of premature mortality and its leading causes. It represents the total number of years not lived by people who die before a given age. Thus, deaths among young people contribute more to the YPLL measure than deaths among older people. In the US, the age limit is often set at 75, so people who die before 75 have lost some potential years of life. For example, a person dying at age 25 contributes 50 years of life lost. In our analysis, we’ve set the age limit to 75. For more information regarding premature mortality, please refer to HCDI’s Premature Mortality Equity Report.

Four of the 6 Capital Region counties have neighborhoods that fall into the 4th risk quartile for YPLL.

Click here for a full page map image

13

http://www.hcdiny.org/content/sites/hcdi/equity_reports/Premature_Mortality_Equity_Report_Narrative_final.pdf

http://www.hcdiny.org/content/sites/hcdi/equity_reports/YPLL_Map.pdf

The top 6 neighborhoods in the Capital Region for YPLL all had rates 8,000/100,000 or greater: Hamilton Hill 13,783 South End/Downtown 13,029 South End 10,182 City/Stockade 9,460 West End 8,487 Cairo/Durham 8,028 The bottom 4 neighborhoods had YPLL rates of less than 3,600/100,000: Latham 3,594 Clifton Park West 3,498 New Scotland 2,633 Bethlehem 2,534

13

When reviewing the ADI Percentile against the ranking of neighborhoods by YPLL, one can identify some neighborhood outliers. While Rensselaer-East had the 8th highest YPLL rate, its ADI percentile was only 40%. Similarly, New Scotland Ave. had the 11th highest YPLL rate, yet its ADI percentile was 38. On the other hand, Hudson had an ADI percentile of 59 yet only in the 2nd risk quartile for YPLL. Taconic Hills had the 6th lowest neighborhood for YPLL, yet had an ADI percentile of 44.

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ADI percentile by YPLL Ranking, Capital Region Neighborhoods, 2012‐2016

*Neighborhood in Rensselaer County**Neighborhood in Saratoga County

11, 13

Premature Mortality About 1,900 deaths, or 22% of all deaths, in the Capital Region were premature (before 65 years) which was slightly higher than both the premature death percentages for Upstate, NY (21.4%) and the Prevention Agenda objective (21.8%). It is 2.5 times higher in residents in low SES neighborhoods compared to high SES neighborhoods. Top 5 high-need neighborhoods had 3 times the percent of deaths that were premature compared to the bottom 5 low-need neighborhoods (48.5% vs 16.0%).8

Click here to view county-specific maps from HCDI’s premature mortality report.8

8

Relationship between Social and Health Indicators- Correlations

Correlation coefficient formulas are used to find how strong a relationship is between data. The formulas return a value between -1 and 1. A value of 1 indicates a strong positive relationship, -1 indicates a strong negative relationship, and a result of 0 indicates no relationship at all.15

Below are charts that show the correlations between the summary Sociodemographic and Health Indicators using Pearson’s R.

0.90 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.790.76

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Correlation coefficient R

Corrleation between Area Deprivation Index and Health Indicators, 58 Capital Region Neighborhoods

There is a very strong correlation between ADI and YPLL (R=0.90). There is also a strong correlation between hospitalizations and ED visits pertaining to assault, asthma and diabetes. ADI is strongly correlated with prevention quality indicators (PQI’s) and with teen pregnancy rates. There are weak correlations with falls to the elderly and opioid overdose hospitalizations.

11, 13, 17

There is a very strong correlation between assault, asthma, and diabetes’ hospitalizations and ED visits with YPLL. YPLL is also strongly correlated with prevention quality indicators (PQIs) and ED visits, mental disease and disorder hospitalizations and with teen pregnancy rate. There is a weak correlation with falls to the elderly and opioid overdose hospitalizations.

0.880.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.83

0.81 0.80.76

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Correlation coefficient R

Correlations between Years of Potential Life Lost and Health Indicators, 58 Capital Region Neighborhoods

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0.90 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.85 0.850.79

0.750.67

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0.440.39 0.37

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Correlation coefficient

R

Correlations between Years of Potential Life Lost and Sociodemographic indicators, 58 Capital Region Neighborhoods

There is a very strong correlation between YPLL and poverty levels (R= 0.88-0.89), less than high school education (R=0.79) and % of population that are Black (R=0.75).

11, 12, 13, 17

Comparison of Social and Health Indicators

By comparing High-Need and Low-Need neighborhoods (top and bottom 6 ranked by YPLL), we found that High-Need neighborhoods also have:

High Need/Low Need Neighborhood Comparisons

We utilized the Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL< 75 years) rates to identify the Top 6 “High Need”, and Bottom 6 “Low Need” Neighborhoods. High-Need neighborhoods show major socio-demographic issues compared to their Low-Need counterparts. High Need neighborhoods had 10.7 times higher SocioNeeds Index and 4.6 times higher ADI percentile. They had between 3.6 and 5.5 times higher percent of population below various poverty levels. High Need neighborhoods had almost 20 times higher percent of the population that was Black and 3 times higher Hispanic/Latino population. They had 4 times the population without a high school education.11, 12, 13, 17

Below are the comparisons for the socio-demographic indicators:

Ratio Ratio RatioTop 6 Bottom 6 Top 6/ Bottom 6 Capital Region NYS Top 6/CR Top 6/NYS

Population 45,035 155,426 ** 941,748 19,798,228ADI Score (US avg.= 100) 119.1 81.8 1.5 91.1 ** 1.3ADI Percentile (%) 83 18 4.6 36 ** 2.3SocioNeeds Index (0‐100) 88.6 8.3 10.7 11.6 ** 7.6Age (%) <5 years 7.0 4.6 1.5 5.2 5.9 1.3 1.25‐14 years 12.3 11.3 1.1 11.2 11.7 1.1 1.115‐19 years 7.0 7.4 0.9 7.0 6.5 1.0 1.165‐74 years 7.2 9.8 0.7 9.0 8.5 0.8 0.875+ years 4.4 7.1 0.6 7.0 6.6 0.6 0.7Federal Poverty Level (%)<50% 16.0 2.9 5.5 5.1 6.7 3.1 2.4<100% 33.2 6.1 5.4 11.1 15.1 3.0 2.2< 150% 48.5 10.3 4.7 17.7 23.5 2.7 2.1<200% 56.4 15.7 3.6 24.5 31.4 2.3 1.8Race (%)White 44.1 89.6 0.5 83.8 63.8 0.5 0.7Black 43.0 2.2 19.5 7.6 15.7 5.7 2.7Asian 3.1 5.0 0.6 4.0 8.3 0.8 0.4Other 9.8 2.8 3.5 4.5 12.2 2.2 0.8Ethnicity (%)Hispanic/Latino 11.4 3.8 3.0 4.8 18.6 2.4 0.6Educational Attainment (%)< high school 18.5 4.8 3.9 7.9 13.9 2.3 1.3>= college 18.6 50.8 0.4 35.4 35.3 0.5 0.5Speak English < very well (%) 5.4 3.0 1.8 3.1 13.9 1.7 0.4

Neighborhood Rankings by Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL), Top6‐Bottom 6

Sociodemographic Indicators

As with the socio-demographic indicators, there are also major differences in health-related indicators between the High Need and Low Need neighborhoods. High need neighborhoods had 13.9 times the assault hospitalization rate and 9.7 times the assault ED visit rate compared to Low Need neighborhoods. They had 10.9 times higher asthma ED visit and 6.2 times the asthma hospitalization rate. High Need neighborhoods also had 10.4 times higher teenage pregnancy rates compared to their Low Need counterparts.13, 17

Below are the comparisons for the health-related indicators:

Ratio Ratio RatioTop 6 Bottom 6 Top 6/ Bottom 6 Capital Region Upstate NY Top 6/CR Top 6/Upstate

Years of Potential Life Lost (<75 yrs.) rate/100,000 9821.9 3349.2 2.9 5126.6 4795.3 1.9 2.0Prevention Quality Indicators (PQI) rate/10,000 209.5 62.3 3.4 107.6 119.0 1.9 1.8% Preterm birth 12.6 8.3 1.5 9.0 10.6 1.4 1.2Teen Preg Rate (15‐19 yrs.)/1,000 82.8 8.0 10.4 23.6 22.3 3.5 3.7Asthma hosp. Rate/ 10,000 39.9 6.4 6.2 11.3 12.8 3.5 3.1Asthma ED visit rate/10,000 196.6 18.1 10.9 44.5 44.5 4.4 4.4Assault hosp. rate/10,000 12.5 0.9 13.9 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0Assault ED visit rate/10,000 161.3 16.6 9.7 38.8 36.5 4.2 4.4Fall (65+ yrs.) hosp. rate/10,000 307.1 197.4 1.6 183.1 195.2 1.7 1.6Fall (65+ yrs.) ED visit rate/10,000 560.0 358.9 1.6 355.0 417.1 1.6 1.3Diabetes (any dx.) hosp. rate/10,000 431.2 125.1 3.4 169.0 183.8 2.6 2.3Diabetes (primary dx.) hosp. rate/10,000 35.7 7.7 4.6 11.1 18.1 3.2 2.0Diabetes (any dx.) ED visit rate/10,000 614.5 100.7 6.1 152.4 181.1 4.0 3.4Diabetes (primary dx.) ED vist rate/10,000 61.5 8.5 7.2 15.1 15.0 4.1 4.1Mental disease and disorder hosp. rate/10,000 158.6 40.9 3.9 60.6 60.3 2.6 2.6Opioid overdose hosp. rate/100,000 22.5 7.0 3.2 10.0 15.0 2.3 1.5Opioid overdose ED visit rate/100,000 62.2 20.8 3.0 28.0 34.0 2.2 1.8

Health Indicators

Conclusion Communities are made up of many interconnected, moving parts. Data shows equality, prosperity, and well-being of communities are deeply interdependent. The barriers that exist in health and opportunity are problematic and complex. They are bigger than any one organization or solution can address alone. We must revive divested places on multiple fronts. Useful information must be made available to the community to mitigate the barriers caused by socioeconomic conditions which reduce the quality of life. This will help inform data-driven decision making and suggest appropriate place-based approaches. There is common recognition of the connection between low socioeconomic status and poor health. Identification of high-need neighborhoods from the socio-demographic and health prospective has the potential to stimulate new strategies, additional resources, and foster closer working relationships between the community and public health sectors. Neighborhood level approaches allow for cross-sector stakeholder engagement which paints a clearer picture of interconnectedness factors affecting individual health.

References Building Child-Centered Communities

1. Edmonds A, Braveman P, Arkin E, Jutte D. Making the Case for Linking Community Development and Health. Build Healthy Places. https://www.buildhealthyplaces.org/content/uploads/2015/09/How-Do-Neighborhood-Conditions-Shape-Health.pdf. Accessed September 25, 2019.

2. Raising Places. Building Child-Centered Communities. Raising Places. https://raisingplaces.org/www.raisingplaces.org/index.html. Accessed September 25, 2019.

3. Purpose Built Communities. Accelerating Holistic Change. Purpose Built Communities. https://purposebuiltcommunities.org/our-approach/. Accessed September 25, 2019.

4. ASTHO. Building Healthy and Resilient Communities. Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. http://www.astho.org/ASTHO-Presidents-Challenge/2019/About/. Accessed September 25, 2019.

5. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. Social and Economic Factors. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rankings/measures-data-sources/county-health-rankings-model/health-factors/social-and-economic-factors. Accessed September 13, 2019.

6. NYS Health Foundation. Building Healthy Communities. New York State Health Foundation. https://nyshealthfoundation.org/what-we-fund/building-healthy-communities/. Accessed September 16, 2019.

7. Singleton J, Hague E. Inequality In Life Expectancy in Chicago Neighborhoods: Can Active Transportation and Sustainability Programs Make a Difference? DePaul College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences. https://las.depaul.edu/centers-and-institutes/chaddick-institute-for-metropolitan-development/news-and-events/Documents/FinalChaddick Presentation - 060617JS.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2019.

8. Healthy Capital District Initiative. Health Equity Report Premature Mortality. HCDI Studies and Reports. http://www.hcdiny.org/tiles/index/display?alias=hcdireports. Accessed September 25, 2019.

9. Google Maps Image. Google Maps. https://www.google.com/maps/dir/13 Crannell Ave, Delmar, NY 12054/153 Broad St, Albany, NY 12202/@42.6335232,-73.7724623,14z/data=!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x89dde026047d5477:0xad98fbdb4e95cf02!2m2!1d-73.8070069!2d42.6291928!1m5!1m1!1s0x89de0a1014e3fb31:0xdf77ed4c8ba44a7f!2m2!1d-73.76082!2d42.637445?hl=en. Accessed September 25, 2019.

10. Census Bureau, Harvard University, Brown University. The Opportunity Atlas. The Opportunity Atlas. https://www.opportunityatlas.org/. Accessed September 26, 2019.

11. BroadStreet. Area Deprivation Index (ADI). BroadStreet. https://www.broadstreet.io/board/pubboard/Qm9hcmRDYXJkVXNlTm9kZTozNjkzNjY=. Accessed September 25, 2019.

12. Blachman-Biatch S. What is the SocioNeeds Index? Conduent Healthy Communities Institute. https://help.healthycities.org/hc/en-us/articles/220054548-What-is-the-SocioNeeds-Index-. Published April 30, 2019. Accessed September 25, 2019.

13. Common Ground Health. Common Ground Health Vital Statistics. portal.commongroundhealth.org. https://portal.commongroundhealth.org/Login.aspx?ReturnUrl=/default.aspx. Accessed September 25, 2019.

14. Length of Life. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rankings/measures-data-sources/county-health-rankings-model/health-outcomes/length-of-life. Accessed September 25, 2019.

15. Statistics How To. Correlation in Statistics: Correlation Analysis Explained. Statistics How To. https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/probability-and-statistics/correlation-analysis/. Accessed September 25, 2019.

16. New York State Department of Health. New York State County/ZIP Code Perinatal Data Profile. New York State Department of Health. https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/chac/perinatal/. Accessed September 25, 2019.

17. US Census Bureau. American FactFinder. American FactFinder. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml. Published October 5, 2010. Accessed September 26, 2019.

18. New York State Department of Health. Improve Health Status and Reduce Health Disparities. New York State Prevention Agenda Dashboard. https://webbi1.health.ny.gov/SASStoredProcess/guest?_program=/EBI/PHIG/apps/dashboard/pa_dashboard&p=abt1. Published September 2018. Accessed September 26, 2019.

Data Summary

Top 6 High-Need Neighborhoods Top 6 Low-Need Neighborhoods Hamilton Hill, Schenectady County Bethlehem, Albany County South End/Downtown, Albany County New Scotland, Albany County West End, Albany County Loudonville, Albany County South End, Albany County Clifton Park West, Saratoga County City/Stockade, Schenectady County East Greenbush, Rensselaer County Center Square/Arbor Hill, Albany County Niskayuna, Schenectady County

There is a strong correlation between summary Sociodemographic and Health Indicators.

Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) have a correlation value of R = 0.90 SocioNeeds Index and YPLL have a correlation value of R = 0.85

YPLL and Sociodemographic Indicators

Very Strong correlation between YPLL and Federal Poverty Level : o < 50% to < 200% FPL--R=0.88-0.89

Strong correlation with < high school education--R=0.79 Strong correlation with % pop. Black--R=0.75, and negative correlation with % pop White--R= -0.74

High vs Low Need neighborhoods (by YPLL) and Sociodemographic Indicators Sociodemographic Summary Indexes:

o High Need neighborhoods 10.7 X higher SocioNeeds Index (88.6 vs 8.3) o High Need neighborhoods 4.6 X higher ADI percentile (83rd percentile vs 18th percentile)

Federal Poverty Level (FPL) o High Need neighborhoods 5.4 X higher population < 100% FPL (33.2% vs 6.1%); o High Need neighborhoods 3.6 X higher population < 200% FPL (56.4% vs 15.7 %). o High Need neighborhoods have 19.5 X higher percentage Black population (43.0% vs 2.2%)

Race and Ethnicity: o High Need neighborhoods 19.5 X higher % Black population (43.0% vs 2.2%); o High Need neighborhoods 3.0 X higher % Hispanic/Latino population (11.4% vs 3.8%); o Low Need neighborhoods 2.0 X higher % White population (89.6% vs 44.1%).

Educational Attainment (population 25+ years): o High Need neighborhoods 3.9 X higher % population < High School Education (18.5% vs 4.8%).

Health Indicators o High Need neighborhoods 13.9 X higher Assault hospitalization rate (12.5/10,000 vs 0.9) o High Need neighborhoods 10.9 X higher Asthma ED visit rate (196.6/10,000 vs 18.1) o High Need neighborhoods 10.4 X higher Teen Pregnancy (15-19 years) rate (82.8/1,000 vs 8.0) o High Need neighborhoods 7.2 X higher Diabetes (primary dx.) hospitalization rate (61.5/10,000 vs 8.5); o High Need neighborhoods 3.4 X higher Avoidable Hospitalization (PQI) rate (209.5/10,000 vs 62.3).

YPLL and Sociodemographic indicators Very Strong correlation between YPLL and Federal Poverty Level percentage: <200% FPL- R = -0.89 Strong correlation with < high school education – R= 0.79 Strong correlation with the percentage of the Black population- R= 0.75 and negative correlation with the percentage of the White

population- R= -0.74 YPLL and Health Indicators

Very Strong correlation between YPLL and: o Assault ED Visits and hospitalizations: R= 0.88 and R= 0.84 o Diabetes hospitalizations any diagnosis or primary diagnosis: R=0.85 and R= 0.83 o Asthma ED Visits: R= 0.83 o Avoidable hospitalizations-PQIs: R= 0.81 o Mental Disease and Disorder hospitalizations: R= 0.80

Neighborhood County population YPLL (Age‐adjusted per 100,000) SocioNeeds Index(ACS‐2013‐17) (<75 years ; 2012‐2016) ADI Score ADI percentile (0‐100)

Hamilton Hill Schenectady 6,605 13784.0 130.5 93 98.1South End/Downtown Albany 1,642 13029.2 125.6 90 88.5South End Albany 9,312 10181.8 120.1 86 91.6City/ Stockade Schenectady 4,962 9469.0 113.3 78 78.3West End Albany 16,036 8486.6 121.9 87 94.1Cairo/ Durham Greene 6,478 8027.5 102.2 58 68.6Goose Hill / Union Schenectady 15,649 7392.0 102.0 58 62.8East Rensselaer 7,316 7362.1 93.8 40 31.4Upper State St Schenectady 23,263 7105.5 101.5 57 62.7Catskill Greene 14,685 6997.5 101.4 57 64.9New Scotland Ave Albany 21,736 6865.8 92.8 38 19.0Center Square/Arbor Hill Albany 9,372 6638.1 106.9 68 76.0Troy / Lansingburgh Rensselaer 68,563 6578.3 102.7 59 56.1Greenville Greene 6,626 6476.1 91.2 34 32.0Delaware / 2

nd Ave Albany 10,450 6427.2 101.6 57 50.5

Rotterdam Schenectady 25,666 6346.4 93.0 38 38.2N. Albany / Menands Albany 7,518 6052.8 98.0 49 35.8City of Cohoes/North Colonie Albany 20,765 5840.0 97.8 49 45.5Pine Bush Albany 28,620 5753.3 93.8 40 37.0Mount Pleasant Schenectady 28,620 5753.3 93.8 40 37.0North East Rensselaer 11,838 5653.2 93.8 40 29.7Watervilet / G.I Albany 20,271 5577.8 98.3 50 43.9Rensselaer Rensselaer 20,391 5549.4 93.3 39 30.8Coxackie / Athens Greene 13,549 5426.5 98.0 49 38.7W. Sand Lake / Wynantskill Rensselaer 11,222 5386.1 82.6 19 8.8Pine Plains Columbia 1,861 5350.2 95.7 44 44.2Chatham Columbia 11,981 5195.8 90.0 32 21.9Colonie Albany 26,480 5195.2 90.0 32 22.1State Campus Albany 31,125 5067.6 93.2 39 26.7Rural‐West Schenectady 10,254 5000.9 87.2 27 27.4Ichabod Columbia 11,272 4977.2 89.3 31 23.6Germantown Columbia 5,539 4950.8 90.1 32 22.2South Glen Falls Saratoga 8,350 4884.6 91.3 35 21.8Guilderland Albany 13,249 4876.1 83.8 21 10.0Hill Towns Albany 7,410 4839.0 87.9 28 24.0South West Rensselaer 16,732 4833.9 87.4 27 17.1Waterford / Mechanicville Saratoga 25,862 4775.0 83.2 20 18.9RCS Albany 12,935 4628.4 88.2 28 22.2North West Saratoga 19,187 4622.0 94.8 42 32.5Canaan Columbia 2,613 4602.3 91.3 35 32.3Hudson Columbia 18,449 4602.3 102.4 59 59.8Windham / Ashland / Jewett Greene 4,730 4495.0 96.9 47 46.4 Hunter / Tannersville Greene 4,872 4467.2 96.0 45 28.4North West Rensselaer 6,702 4282.4 88.2 28 20.4Scotia‐Glenville Schenectady 28,017 4240.0 86.3 25 13.3Central Rensselaer 10,449 4203.8 86.0 24 14.2North East Saratoga 26,971 4163.5 85.9 24 13.2Ballston Spa Saratoga 33,101 4117.6 86.9 26 14.5Burnt Hills / Galway Saratoga 23,399 3916.3 82.2 18 8.7East Greenbush Rensselaer 9,106 3893.6 80.7 16 5.8Loudonville Albany 11,362 3862.6 79.8 14 5.7Niskayuna Schenectady 30,077 3862.6 80.9 16 9.0Taconic Hills Columbia 7,551 3847.6 95.9 44 30.2Saratoga Springs Saratoga 38,758 3781.3 83.8 21 8.8Latham Albany 22,684 3593.9 82.9 19 11.3Clifton Park West Saratoga 46,492 3458.1 80.4 15 6.4New Scotland Albany 14,522 2632.6 78.7 13 5.3Bethlehem Albany 25,420 2534.2 77.9 12 3.8

Area Deprivation Index

Appendix I—Neighborhood Data Tables for Individual Socio-demographic and Health-related IndicatorsNeighborhood County population YPLL (Age‐adjusted per 100,000) SocioNeeds Index

(ACS‐2013‐17) (<75 years ; 2012‐2016) ADI Score ADI percentile (0‐100) <5 yrs 5‐14 yrs 15‐19 yrs 20‐44 yrs 45‐64 yrs 65‐74 yrs 75+ yrs

Hamilton Hill Schenectady 6,605 13784.0 130.5 93 98.1 10.1 14.5 10.0 34.0 23.8 5.2 2.4South End/Downtown Albany 1,642 13029.2 125.6 90 88.5 5.8 6.0 0.0 31.6 38.7 10.3 7.8South End Albany 9,312 10181.8 120.1 86 91.6 7.8 11.5 6.1 37.4 26.9 6.5 3.9City/ Stockade Schenectady 4,962 9469.0 113.3 78 78.3 2.3 2.9 8.6 43.1 29.9 8.7 4.7West End Albany 16,036 8486.6 121.9 87 94.1 8.0 16.4 6.8 37.1 22.7 5.9 3.2Cairo/ Durham Greene 6,478 8027.5 102.2 58 68.6 4.3 9.6 6.2 28.6 30.9 11.7 8.7Goose Hill / Union Schenectady 15,649 7392.0 102.0 58 62.8 6.8 9.9 9.9 38.3 23.5 6.8 4.9East Rensselaer 7,316 7362.1 93.8 40 31.4 4.3 10.8 6.2 26.4 34.2 10.2 8.1Upper State St Schenectady 23,263 7105.5 101.5 57 62.7 6.3 13.6 5.4 33.8 25.3 7.5 8.1Catskill Greene 14,685 6997.5 101.4 57 64.9 4.2 11.9 7.3 27.9 31.4 9.1 8.1Top 10 105,948 8305.2 108.5 67 71.8 6.3 12.1 7.1 34.0 26.9 7.7 6.0

New Scotland Ave Albany 21,736 6865.8 92.8 38 19.0 4.6 8.3 3.6 47.1 21.9 7.0 7.4Center Square/Arbor Hill Albany 9,372 6638.1 106.9 68 76.0 5.2 6.3 1.2 53.6 24.6 5.8 3.4Troy / Lansingburgh Rensselaer 68,563 6578.3 102.7 59 56.1 5.8 10.0 8.6 37.1 24.5 7.6 6.4Greenville Greene 6,626 6476.1 91.2 34 32.0 4.9 10.8 6.1 27.4 31.8 11.3 7.5Delaware / 2 nd Ave Albany 10,450 6427.2 101.6 57 50.5 9.6 12.0 4.9 39.0 24.4 6.6 3.7Rotterdam Schenectady 25,666 6346.4 93.0 38 38.2 4.7 12.1 6.0 30.9 30.5 8..6 7.4N. Albany / Menands Albany 7,518 6052.8 98.0 49 35.8 7.2 11.6 6.2 40.1 24.5 6.9 3.5City of Cohoes/North Colonie Albany 20,765 5840.0 97.8 49 45.5 6.2 9.9 5.1 35.2 26.2 8.4 9.1Pine Bush Albany 28,620 5753.3 93.8 40 37.0 6.1 13.4 7.0 29.2 29.0 9.1 6.3Mount Pleasant Schenectady 28,620 5753.3 93.8 40 37.0 6.1 13.4 7.0 29.2 29.0 9.1 6.3North East Rensselaer 11,838 5653.2 93.8 40 29.7 5.6 15.5 7.9 27.8 28.5 8.6 6.3Watervilet / G.I Albany 20,271 5577.8 98.3 50 43.9 6.6 10.9 6.1 37.5 23.7 9.1 6.1Rensselaer Rensselaer 20,391 5549.4 93.3 39 30.8 5.7 10.9 5.7 32.2 30.4 8.5 6.7Coxackie / Athenes Greene 13,549 5426.5 98.0 49 38.7 5.0 8.9 7.4 34.9 28.0 10.1 5.8W. Sand Lake / Wynantskill Rensselaer 11,222 5386.1 82.6 19 8.8 7.1 10.9 6.1 32.6 28.4 9.8 5.0Pine Plains Columbia 1,861 5350.2 95.7 44 44.2 4.2 9.3 5.5 21.4 35.5 15.8 8.3Chatham Columbia 11,981 5195.8 90.0 32 21.9 3.1 10.3 6.4 23.7 34.4 13.2 8.9Colonie Albany 26,480 5195.2 90.0 32 22.1 4.5 9.3 6.1 32.2 28.9 9.2 9.7State Campus Albany 31,125 5067.6 93.2 39 26.7 2.6 6.4 9.3 43.3 22.5 7.2 8.8Rural‐West Schenectady 10,254 5000.9 87.2 27 27.4 4.4 10.9 8.4 31.2 31.9 7.8 5.5Ichabod Columbia 11,272 4977.2 89.3 31 23.6 4.5 11.7 5.4 25.8 33.1 11.7 7.7Germantown Columbia 5,539 4950.8 90.1 32 22.2 3.9 8.5 7.0 25.2 34.3 10.3 10.9South Glen Falls Saratoga 8,350 4884.6 91.3 35 21.8 5.0 11.4 8.1 28.2 31.5 10.0 5.9Guilderland Albany 13,249 4876.1 83.8 21 10.0 5.2 11.7 6.0 37.4 25.4 7.3 7.0Hill Towns Albany 7,410 4839.0 87.9 28 24.0 4.4 9.9 4.6 25.3 36.5 11.4 7.8South West Rensselaer 16,732 4833.9 87.4 27 17.1 4.0 13.0 5.4 28.5 33.0 10.2 5.9Waterford / Mechanicville Saratoga 25,862 4775.0 83.2 20 18.9 5.8 11.3 4.4 33.9 28.7 9.2 7.1RCS Albany 12,935 4628.4 88.2 28 22.2 5.6 12.3 8.6 30.6 29.0 7.2 6.5North West Saratoga 19,187 4622.0 94.8 42 32.5 6.0 11.9 6.6 28.3 30.3 10.4 6.6Canaan Columbia 2,613 4602.3 91.3 35 32.3 2.5 11.1 9.0 27.2 29.2 12.9 8.2Hudson Columbia 18,449 4602.3 102.4 59 59.8 5.3 10.4 5.1 30.3 29.0 10.8 9.1Windham / Ashland / Jewett Greene 4,730 4495.0 96.9 47 46.4 2.0 6.6 4.9 18.7 35.4 17.5 14.9 Hunter / Tannersville Greene 4,872 4467.2 96.0 45 28.4 4.3 5.9 3.8 20.1 37.9 17.0 11.0North West Rensselaer 6,702 4282.4 88.2 28 20.4 3.5 11.4 8.9 24.7 34.4 10.5 6.7Scotia‐Glenville Schenectady 28,017 4240.0 86.3 25 13.3 5.0 13.4 5.0 28.0 29.4 9.7 9.1Central Rensselaer 10,449 4203.8 86.0 24 14.2 4.7 11.7 5.4 25.5 35.5 10.6 6.7North East Saratoga 26,971 4163.5 85.9 24 13.2 6.4 14.8 6.9 30.3 30.5 5.9 5.3Ballston Spa Saratoga 33,101 4117.6 86.9 26 14.5 5.4 12.2 7.1 32.6 29.1 8.9 4.7

Burnt Hills / Galway Saratoga 23,399 3916.3 82.2 18 8.7 5.0 12.0 5.6 25.1 32.0 12.6 7.6East Greenbush Rensselaer 9,106 3893.6 80.7 16 5.8 3.9 14.6 6.1 30.0 29.4 8.7 7.4Loudonville Albany 11,362 3862.6 79.8 14 5.7 4.2 10.6 5.4 27.2 28.2 12.2 12.2Niskayuna Schenectady 30,077 3862.6 80.9 16 9.0 5.9 12.5 6.1 27.0 30.7 9.2 8.6Taconic Hills Columbia 7,551 3847.6 95.9 44 30.2 4.1 9.7 5.3 26.2 32.6 12.7 9.3Saratoga Springs Saratoga 38,758 3781.3 83.8 21 8.8 4.6 9.4 6.8 32.5 28.1 10.5 8.1Latham Albany 22,684 3593.9 82.9 19 11.3 2.7 9.9 12.2 31.1 28.9 7.9 7.3Clifton Park West Saratoga 46,492 3458.1 80.4 15 6.4 5.1 13.0 6.1 30.8 29.9 9.1 5.9New Scotland Albany 14,522 2632.6 78.7 13 5.3 4.1 12.8 7.6 22.9 32.4 11.9 8.2Bethlehem Albany 25,420 2534.2 77.9 12 3.8 5.6 12.2 7.2 26.4 31.9 9.9 6.6Bottom 10 229,371 3521.4 81.6 17 8.2 4.1 11.7 6.9 28.7 30.2 10.1 7.6

Area Deprivation Index Percent pop. by Age (ACS‐2012‐16)

Appendix I—Neighborhood Data Tables for Individual Socio-demographic and Health-related Indicators cont.% by Ethnicity

<50% <100% <150% <200% White Black Asian Other Hispanic/Latino # 25+ yrs %< HS % College+(ACS 2012‐16)

23.0 47.4 57.2 65.9 32.3 47.0 3.2 17.5 16.5 3,670 25.6 12.0 5.220.7 49.6 67.0 76.7 37.4 48.1 6.9 7.6 6.3 1,354 22.1 19.8 4.816.4 32.9 50.8 62.0 23.2 64.6 0.9 11.2 12.3 6,059 14.6 20.4 3.711.8 26.1 40.0 48.8 67.9 20.7 2.2 9.2 10.0 3,458 17.3 26.7 3.816.4 35.4 51.7 56.8 34.7 52.4 4.0 9.0 13.3 9,334 18.2 16.9 10.49.1 14.8 30.4 38.2 92.8 0.7 3.9 2.7 2.3 4,694 18.2 18.7 3.66.5 18.6 31.5 38.7 67.0 14.7 8.2 10.1 11.0 10,089 13.5 31.1 7.72.6 7.6 13.9 21.5 99.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 1.8 5,575 7.6 25.7 0.59.0 14.8 23.8 31.5 61.9 17.5 4.5 16.0 9.1 16,078 15.6 21.5 4.17.1 16.1 23.7 35.2 85.5 9.4 0.5 4.6 5.7 10,762 13.2 22.3 1.910.9 22.9 34.7 43.0 60.9 25.6 3.6 9.8 9.4 71,073 15.5 22.2 4.8

8.5 17.5 23.4 30.6 72.6 11.0 9.2 7.3 6.4 14,309 5.5 52.9 4.810.8 25.0 34.0 41.8 44.7 46.9 2.3 6.1 9.9 6,644 8.0 43.3 4.610.1 19.9 29.5 37.4 78.0 12.0 3.3 6.8 7.3 45,231 10.6 28.1 3.43.0 8.5 14.6 26.2 98.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.9 4,711 6.4 22.2 0.312.9 25.2 34.4 39.7 52.5 27.2 10.5 9.7 11.0 6,765 13.3 32.3 11.03.6 9.0 16.1 25.5 91.8 2.3 2.4 3.5 4.0 18,390 8.4 24.7 2.15.4 14.9 26.3 36.3 50.9 28.0 11.8 9.3 12.6 5,282 9.4 53.4 4.87.0 13.7 21.8 29.5 89.9 3.5 1.8 4.9 3.7 14,834 11.1 27.5 1.54.0 10.1 18.0 26.3 75.1 10.6 6.0 8.3 7.1 20,019 8.5 29.4 2.84.0 10.1 18.0 26.3 75.1 10.6 6.0 8.3 7.1 20,019 8.5 29.4 2.84.0 10.2 19.8 29.7 97.7 0.3 0.5 1.5 1.4 8,859 6.4 21.1 1.44.9 12.6 19.9 27.6 81.3 6.1 7.0 5.7 5.9 14,124 9.4 29.8 6.06.5 11.9 19.2 26.3 85.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 14,493 7.6 33.7 3.12.6 8.5 16.9 25.9 85.4 13.1 0.6 0.9 8.7 9,596 20.4 21.7 2.72.2 4.5 7.8 13.7 94.8 1.8 0.6 2.8 1.9 8,022 6.3 47.4 1.67.3 14.7 19.3 24.8 91.5 4.6 2.7 1.2 2.3 1,403 12.0 30.0 1.53.8 9.5 16.9 28.1 94.1 3.4 0.8 1.6 1.5 9,194 6.5 36.4 1.33.0 7.1 14.2 22.3 83.6 6.2 6.5 3.7 3.9 19,368 9.5 30.4 4.610.1 17.1 23.1 29.2 77.0 10.1 8.4 4.5 5.9 19,361 5.4 48.8 4.93.5 6.0 10.2 19.3 96.3 0.2 1.9 1.6 2.4 7,081 9.1 25.6 1.35.0 8.7 17.2 23.6 93.8 1.5 0.4 4.2 5.5 8,088 7.6 33.7 3.34.1 7.2 13.0 19.6 94.0 0.6 1.7 3.7 7.4 4,058 8.3 32.5 1.22.6 7.3 13.9 24.1 97.2 1.7 0.4 0.7 2.1 6,043 6.7 20.5 0.93.7 6.7 10.3 15.5 82.6 3.0 10.0 4.5 4.0 8,903 3.3 47.7 1.72.1 8.2 13.2 20.1 97.1 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.4 5,386 7.1 27.3 1.62.5 5.4 9.0 16.9 95.6 1.8 0.6 2.0 1.1 12,046 6.4 29.7 0.63.8 7.3 13.6 18.5 93.3 1.6 3.0 2.2 1.7 18,673 7.0 31.1 1.14.2 9.2 12.2 18.9 95.0 3.1 0.2 1.7 1.4 8,605 6.9 28.0 0.73.3 10.9 17.0 24.8 96.4 0.5 0.3 2.9 1.9 13,780 11.0 26.0 0.46.6 12.2 22.1 30.0 90.6 2.5 2.4 4.5 3.8 1,888 13.6 34.9 1.87.1 17.6 27.4 35.8 79.6 9.8 3.7 6.9 5.9 13,523 15.0 23.3 4.84.4 11.3 18.9 26.3 98.3 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.9 3,713 9.2 24.0 2.04.8 13.3 22.4 32.8 92.1 0.2 2.1 5.6 8.6 3,979 5.0 30.4 3.62.9 8.0 12.3 19.4 96.1 2.0 0.2 1.6 0.5 4,777 7.3 21.1 1.02.7 5.2 10.1 15.2 94.6 1.7 1.5 2.2 3.5 19,817 4.2 36.2 1.02.8 4.2 7.6 11.2 97.8 0.4 0.3 1.6 1.9 7,671 6.7 29.5 1.51.8 4.5 10.7 17.4 95.9 2.4 0.3 1.5 2.6 18,031 7.0 32.3 0.92.9 7.6 14.6 20.1 95.6 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.7 22,739 5.7 37.9 1.3

2.0 3.9 7.2 12.2 94.8 0.9 2.0 2.3 1.2 17,065 3.8 46.6 1.10.3 2.2 5.2 8.2 89.8 1.7 5.3 3.1 2.6 6,753 3.8 46.1 1.02.8 5.0 10.6 14.2 84.4 5.4 7.1 3.1 2.2 8,210 5.1 52.7 3.02.0 4.7 8.4 12.0 84.5 4.8 7.7 3.0 2.6 20,689 3.8 59.7 5.99.3 15.6 23.7 31.3 95.5 0.7 0.8 3.0 2.3 5,926 10.3 28.7 1.52.9 6.4 11.6 17.7 92.6 1.6 3.3 2.5 3.6 27,670 5.5 51.2 2.13.6 6.6 11.8 18.0 79.6 6.4 9.2 4.8 6.1 14,463 5.7 41.0 6.11.8 5.5 8.8 13.2 89.1 2.3 6.0 2.6 4.6 33,535 4.2 51.2 3.42.4 4.3 6.8 12.2 91.8 1.4 5.0 1.8 3.3 10,172 3.3 56.1 2.32.8 4.7 8.0 12.5 91.7 2.2 3.5 2.6 1.5 17,410 3.0 61.7 1.82.6 5.5 9.6 14.5 89.2 2.8 5.2 2.8 3.3 161,893 4.5 51.4 3.1

% Speak English < very well (ACS 2013‐17)

Percent pop. by Poverty Level (ACS 2012‐16) Percent by Race (ACS 2012‐16 ) % by Educational Attainment (ACS 2013‐17)Neighborhood County population YPLL (Age‐adjusted per 100,000) SocioNeeds Index(ACS‐2013‐17) (<75 years ; 2012‐2016) ADI Score ADI percentile (0‐100) <5 yrs 5‐14 yrs 15‐19 yrs 20‐44 yrs 45‐64 yrs 65‐74 yrs 75+ yrs

Hamilton Hill Schenectady 6,605 13784.0 130.5 93 98.1 10.1 14.5 10.0 34.0 23.8 5.2 2.4South End/Downtown Albany 1,642 13029.2 125.6 90 88.5 5.8 6.0 0.0 31.6 38.7 10.3 7.8South End Albany 9,312 10181.8 120.1 86 91.6 7.8 11.5 6.1 37.4 26.9 6.5 3.9City/ Stockade Schenectady 4,962 9469.0 113.3 78 78.3 2.3 2.9 8.6 43.1 29.9 8.7 4.7West End Albany 16,036 8486.6 121.9 87 94.1 8.0 16.4 6.8 37.1 22.7 5.9 3.2Cairo/ Durham Greene 6,478 8027.5 102.2 58 68.6 4.3 9.6 6.2 28.6 30.9 11.7 8.7Goose Hill / Union Schenectady 15,649 7392.0 102.0 58 62.8 6.8 9.9 9.9 38.3 23.5 6.8 4.9East Rensselaer 7,316 7362.1 93.8 40 31.4 4.3 10.8 6.2 26.4 34.2 10.2 8.1Upper State St Schenectady 23,263 7105.5 101.5 57 62.7 6.3 13.6 5.4 33.8 25.3 7.5 8.1Catskill Greene 14,685 6997.5 101.4 57 64.9 4.2 11.9 7.3 27.9 31.4 9.1 8.1Top 10 105,948 8305.2 108.5 67 71.8 6.3 12.1 7.1 34.0 26.9 7.7 6.0

New Scotland Ave Albany 21,736 6865.8 92.8 38 19.0 4.6 8.3 3.6 47.1 21.9 7.0 7.4Center Square/Arbor Hill Albany 9,372 6638.1 106.9 68 76.0 5.2 6.3 1.2 53.6 24.6 5.8 3.4Troy / Lansingburgh Rensselaer 68,563 6578.3 102.7 59 56.1 5.8 10.0 8.6 37.1 24.5 7.6 6.4Greenville Greene 6,626 6476.1 91.2 34 32.0 4.9 10.8 6.1 27.4 31.8 11.3 7.5Delaware / 2 nd Ave Albany 10,450 6427.2 101.6 57 50.5 9.6 12.0 4.9 39.0 24.4 6.6 3.7Rotterdam Schenectady 25,666 6346.4 93.0 38 38.2 4.7 12.1 6.0 30.9 30.5 8..6 7.4N. Albany / Menands Albany 7,518 6052.8 98.0 49 35.8 7.2 11.6 6.2 40.1 24.5 6.9 3.5City of Cohoes/North Colonie Albany 20,765 5840.0 97.8 49 45.5 6.2 9.9 5.1 35.2 26.2 8.4 9.1Pine Bush Albany 28,620 5753.3 93.8 40 37.0 6.1 13.4 7.0 29.2 29.0 9.1 6.3Mount Pleasant Schenectady 28,620 5753.3 93.8 40 37.0 6.1 13.4 7.0 29.2 29.0 9.1 6.3North East Rensselaer 11,838 5653.2 93.8 40 29.7 5.6 15.5 7.9 27.8 28.5 8.6 6.3Watervilet / G.I Albany 20,271 5577.8 98.3 50 43.9 6.6 10.9 6.1 37.5 23.7 9.1 6.1Rensselaer Rensselaer 20,391 5549.4 93.3 39 30.8 5.7 10.9 5.7 32.2 30.4 8.5 6.7Coxackie / Athenes Greene 13,549 5426.5 98.0 49 38.7 5.0 8.9 7.4 34.9 28.0 10.1 5.8W. Sand Lake / Wynantskill Rensselaer 11,222 5386.1 82.6 19 8.8 7.1 10.9 6.1 32.6 28.4 9.8 5.0Pine Plains Columbia 1,861 5350.2 95.7 44 44.2 4.2 9.3 5.5 21.4 35.5 15.8 8.3Chatham Columbia 11,981 5195.8 90.0 32 21.9 3.1 10.3 6.4 23.7 34.4 13.2 8.9Colonie Albany 26,480 5195.2 90.0 32 22.1 4.5 9.3 6.1 32.2 28.9 9.2 9.7State Campus Albany 31,125 5067.6 93.2 39 26.7 2.6 6.4 9.3 43.3 22.5 7.2 8.8Rural‐West Schenectady 10,254 5000.9 87.2 27 27.4 4.4 10.9 8.4 31.2 31.9 7.8 5.5Ichabod Columbia 11,272 4977.2 89.3 31 23.6 4.5 11.7 5.4 25.8 33.1 11.7 7.7Germantown Columbia 5,539 4950.8 90.1 32 22.2 3.9 8.5 7.0 25.2 34.3 10.3 10.9South Glen Falls Saratoga 8,350 4884.6 91.3 35 21.8 5.0 11.4 8.1 28.2 31.5 10.0 5.9Guilderland Albany 13,249 4876.1 83.8 21 10.0 5.2 11.7 6.0 37.4 25.4 7.3 7.0Hill Towns Albany 7,410 4839.0 87.9 28 24.0 4.4 9.9 4.6 25.3 36.5 11.4 7.8South West Rensselaer 16,732 4833.9 87.4 27 17.1 4.0 13.0 5.4 28.5 33.0 10.2 5.9Waterford / Mechanicville Saratoga 25,862 4775.0 83.2 20 18.9 5.8 11.3 4.4 33.9 28.7 9.2 7.1RCS Albany 12,935 4628.4 88.2 28 22.2 5.6 12.3 8.6 30.6 29.0 7.2 6.5North West Saratoga 19,187 4622.0 94.8 42 32.5 6.0 11.9 6.6 28.3 30.3 10.4 6.6Canaan Columbia 2,613 4602.3 91.3 35 32.3 2.5 11.1 9.0 27.2 29.2 12.9 8.2Hudson Columbia 18,449 4602.3 102.4 59 59.8 5.3 10.4 5.1 30.3 29.0 10.8 9.1Windham / Ashland / Jewett Greene 4,730 4495.0 96.9 47 46.4 2.0 6.6 4.9 18.7 35.4 17.5 14.9 Hunter / Tannersville Greene 4,872 4467.2 96.0 45 28.4 4.3 5.9 3.8 20.1 37.9 17.0 11.0North West Rensselaer 6,702 4282.4 88.2 28 20.4 3.5 11.4 8.9 24.7 34.4 10.5 6.7Scotia‐Glenville Schenectady 28,017 4240.0 86.3 25 13.3 5.0 13.4 5.0 28.0 29.4 9.7 9.1Central Rensselaer 10,449 4203.8 86.0 24 14.2 4.7 11.7 5.4 25.5 35.5 10.6 6.7North East Saratoga 26,971 4163.5 85.9 24 13.2 6.4 14.8 6.9 30.3 30.5 5.9 5.3Ballston Spa Saratoga 33,101 4117.6 86.9 26 14.5 5.4 12.2 7.1 32.6 29.1 8.9 4.7

Burnt Hills / Galway Saratoga 23,399 3916.3 82.2 18 8.7 5.0 12.0 5.6 25.1 32.0 12.6 7.6East Greenbush Rensselaer 9,106 3893.6 80.7 16 5.8 3.9 14.6 6.1 30.0 29.4 8.7 7.4Loudonville Albany 11,362 3862.6 79.8 14 5.7 4.2 10.6 5.4 27.2 28.2 12.2 12.2Niskayuna Schenectady 30,077 3862.6 80.9 16 9.0 5.9 12.5 6.1 27.0 30.7 9.2 8.6Taconic Hills Columbia 7,551 3847.6 95.9 44 30.2 4.1 9.7 5.3 26.2 32.6 12.7 9.3Saratoga Springs Saratoga 38,758 3781.3 83.8 21 8.8 4.6 9.4 6.8 32.5 28.1 10.5 8.1Latham Albany 22,684 3593.9 82.9 19 11.3 2.7 9.9 12.2 31.1 28.9 7.9 7.3Clifton Park West Saratoga 46,492 3458.1 80.4 15 6.4 5.1 13.0 6.1 30.8 29.9 9.1 5.9New Scotland Albany 14,522 2632.6 78.7 13 5.3 4.1 12.8 7.6 22.9 32.4 11.9 8.2Bethlehem Albany 25,420 2534.2 77.9 12 3.8 5.6 12.2 7.2 26.4 31.9 9.9 6.6Bottom 10 229,371 3521.4 81.6 17 8.2 4.1 11.7 6.9 28.7 30.2 10.1 7.6

Area Deprivation Index Percent pop. by Age (ACS‐2012‐16)

Top-bottom 10 YPLL and Health Indicator

Neighborhood County population SocioNeeds Index PQI (Age‐Adjusted Rate per 10,000) YPLL (Age‐adjusted per 100,000) % Premature Births

(ACS‐2013‐17) Score Percentile (0‐100) (SPARCS 2012‐2016) (<75 years ; 2012‐2016) by % of Total Births in CountyHamilton Hill Schenectady 6,605 130.5 93 98.1 213.6 13784.0 14.6South End/Downtown Albany 1,642 125.6 90 88.5 245.5 13029.2 14.0South End Albany 9,312 120.1 86 91.6 302.7 10181.8 12.0City/ Stockade Schenectady 4,962 113.3 78 78.3 190.9 9469.0 9.1West End Albany 16,036 121.9 87 94.1 199 8486.6 12.4Cairo/ Durham Greene 6,478 102.2 58 68.6 102.5 8027.5 12.3Goose Hill / Union Schenectady 15,649 102.0 58 62.8 126.7 7392.0 11.1East Rensselaer 7,316 93.8 40 31.4 36.3 7362.1 17.5Upper State St Schenectady 23,263 101.5 57 62.7 103.7 7105.5 11.6Catskill Greene 14,685 101.4 57 64.9 112.9 6997.5 11.4Top 10 105,948 12.2

New Scotland Ave Albany 21,736 92.8 38 19.0 112.5 6865.8 10.5Center Square/Arbor Hill Albany 9,372 106.9 68 76.0 132.8 6638.1 14.3Troy / Lansingburgh Rensselaer 68,563 102.7 59 56.1 135.7 6578.3 11.5Greenville Greene 9,117 91.2 34 32.0 66 6476.1 5.0Delaware / 2 nd Ave Albany 10,450 101.6 57 50.5 124.2 6427.2 11.3Rotterdam Schenectady 25,666 93.0 38 38.2 89.9 6346.4 7.9N. Albany / Menands Albany 7,518 98.0 49 35.8 146.6 6052.8 13.1City of Cohoes/North Colonie Albany 20,765 97.8 49 45.5 121.1 5840.0 10.2Pine Bush Albany 28,620 93.8 40 37.0 89.5 5753.3 11.9Mount Pleasant Schenectady 28,620 93.8 40 37.0 89.5 5753.3 11.9North East Rensselaer 11,838 93.8 40 29.7 33.2 5653.2 11.0Watervilet / G.I Albany 20,271 98.3 50 43.9 103.8 5577.8 9.6Rensselaer Rensselaer 20,391 93.3 39 30.8 98.9 5549.4 11.4Coxackie / Athenes Greene 13,549 98.0 49 38.7 81.6 5426.5 6.6W. Sand Lake / Wynantskill Rensselaer 11,222 82.6 19 8.8 74.3 5386.1 8.0Pine Plains Columbia 1,861 95.7 44 44.2 85.8 5350.2 5.6Chatham Columbia 11,981 90.0 32 21.9 79 5195.8 9.2Colonie Albany 26,480 90.0 32 22.1 77.7 5195.2 11.4State Campus Albany 31,125 93.2 39 26.7 77 5067.6 10.3Rural‐West Schenectady 10,254 87.2 27 27.4 61.7 5000.9 9.8Ichabod Columbia 11,272 89.3 31 23.6 91.5 4977.2 11.2Germantown Columbia 5,539 90.1 32 22.2 84.5 4950.8 6.1South Glen Falls Saratoga 8,350 91.3 35 21.8 109.6 4884.6 9.0Guilderland Albany 13,249 83.8 21 10.0 78.8 4876.1 5.5Hill Towns Albany 7,410 87.9 28 24.0 62.7 4839.0 9.3South West Rensselaer 16,732 87.4 27 17.1 70.4 4833.9 6.5Waterford / Mechanicville Saratoga 24,868 83.2 20 18.9 82 4775.0 8.6RCS Albany 12,935 88.2 28 22.2 83.9 4628.4 10.1North West Saratoga 19,187 94.8 42 32.5 90.1 4622.0 8.4Hudson Columbia 18,449 102.4 59 59.8 125.7 4602.3 11.2Canaan Columbia 2,613 91.3 35 32.3 36.3 4602.3 8.5Windham / Ashland / Jewett Greene 4,730 96.9 47 46.4 69.1 4495.0 3.7 Hunter / Tannersville Greene 4,872 96.0 45 28.4 84.4 4467.2 4.3North West Rensselaer 6,702 88.2 28 20.4 91.3 4282.4 7.6Scotia‐Glenville Schenectady 43,153 86.3 25 13.3 67.1 4240.0 6.9Central Rensselaer 10,449 86.0 24 14.2 57.7 4203.8 12.8North East Saratoga 26,971 85.9 24 13.2 79.6 4163.5 9.4Ballston Spa Saratoga 33,101 86.9 26 14.5 86.7 4117.6 7.9

Burnt Hills / Galway Saratoga 23,399 82.2 18 8.7 53.4 3916.3 7.7East Greenbush Rensselaer 9,106 80.7 16 5.8 81.9 3893.6 11.5Loudonville Albany 11,362 79.8 14 5.7 49.9 3862.6 12.2Niskayuna Schenectady 30,077 80.9 16 9.0 52.4 3862.6 9.8Taconic Hills Columbia 7,551 95.9 44 30.2 39.9 3847.6 12.2Saratoga Springs Saratoga 38,758 83.8 21 8.8 72.1 3781.3 8.1Latham Albany 22,684 82.9 19 11.3 61.9 3593.9 8.9Clifton Park West Saratoga 46,492 80.4 15 6.4 61 3458.1 8.9New Scotland Albany 14,522 78.7 13 5.3 61.6 2632.6 6.0Bethlehem Albany 25,420 77.9 12 3.8 57.2 2534.2 7.0

Bottom 10 229,371 8.8


Top-bottom 10 YPLL and Health Indicator

Teen Pregnancy Rate Asthma Hospitalization Rate Asthma ED Rates Assault Hospitalization Rates Assault ED Visit Rates Falls (65+) Hospitalization Rates Falls (65+) ED Visit Rates

Rate per 1,000 females aged 15‐19SPARCS 2012‐2016 Age Adjusted per

10,000SPARCS 2012‐2016 Age Adjusted per

10,000 SPARCS 2012‐2016 Age Adjusted per 10,000SPARCS 2012‐2016 Age Adjusted per

10,000SPARCS 2012‐2016 Age Adjusted

per 10,000SPARCS 2012‐2016 Age Adjusted

per 10,000123.6 27.2 229.3 14.2 230.0 188.1 560.245.7 39.1 215.9 26.0 206.0 238.8 590.282.9 78.1 251.1 18.1 189.3 621.9 781.732.2 27.9 146.9 8.0 134.3 252.4 878.495.7 38.5 228.7 12.8 169.8 250.0 446.64.6 11.0 38.7 1.8 39.1 176.6 270.661.2 16.2 111.9 4.0 93.2 165.7 592.013.8 6.5 22.1 ** 18.4 50.9 121.158.2 14.7 97.4 4.4 93.5 168.2 470.927.3 19.5 44.6 2.3 45.6 226.7 388.261.6 25.7 129.2 7.7 110.4 226.9 491.1

26.0 19.5 77.5 7.9 85.1 257.4 460.976.9 24.0 175.0 11.2 133.8 208.0 428.134.2 22.8 109.8 4.2 85.4 239.7 657.64.0 9.2 22.5 ** 24.9 214.5 249.248.2 18.4 112.4 6.2 65.9 258.3 456.832.7 10.8 53.0 1.5 42.5 150.6 405.843.9 15.3 91.4 3.0 78.8 389.1 1202.733.0 17.8 61.2 2.4 63.4 217.0 520.038.7 9.9 67.3 1.9 60.8 164.0 353.838.7 9.9 67.3 1.9 60.8 164.0 353.81.0 4.5 11.5 1.0 20.9 69.5 90.421.8 15.2 67.3 2.5 53.8 182.4 492.524.3 15.9 39.0 3.0 37.6 252.9 433.630.4 12.7 18.0 4.0 36.8 197.6 231.48.4 9.0 19.3 2.1 35.0 160.3 346.7

Population not Available 5.0 12.8 ** 22.0 409.3 1109.75.4 8.1 18.2 1.5 22.4 170.9 342.619.5 10.3 48.9 2.4 44.3 193.4 378.64.8 10.5 35.5 3.3 34.1 230.0 378.017.4 5.2 23.4 ** 27.3 125.4 328.17.2 13.6 19.6 1.1 26.4 227.3 392.715.4 14.2 26.6 ** 21.7 140.6 520.016.2 12.2 32.7 2.1 29.4 211.2 585.84.8 11.3 25.1 1.1 16.7 253.2 316.37.5 9.1 23.6 ** 18.5 188.6 297.312.6 8.3 28.1 0.6 27.4 206.4 335.419.1 10.2 22.7 1.0 24.0 161.5 255.66.1 11.2 39.1 ** 27.7 222.3 286.923.4 12.4 39.0 1.4 33.0 185.1 342.825.0 25.6 79.3 2.8 81.8 189.4 488.68.3 ** 9.4 ** 23.4 26.8 86.12.2 4.5 21.1 ** 31.7 168.8 212.45.8 6.3 29.4 ** 28.1 204.6 383.82.0 12.3 32.2 ** 24.4 164.6 386.311.3 6.4 27.9 0.9 19.8 149.4 336.26.6 4.4 21.1 ** 25.3 140.5 330.316.5 8.8 22.7 1.3 18.2 186.1 387.518.1 10.9 28.9 1.7 20.3 234.4 486.7

3.6 6.5 10.6 0.9 13.7 147.8 230.23.6 7.7 22.0 ** 18.5 389.6 638.53.8 7.8 34.6 4.8 43.9 159.7 443.98.7 6.1 24.5 0.9 24.2 149.2 447.11.3 6.8 22.2 ** 18.3 96.5 162.39.3 7.2 24.8 1.3 21.4 229.4 467.09.9 6.5 20.7 0.5 15.7 171.9 419.79.5 6.3 10.9 1.0 11.0 174.9 263.51.0 7.1 16.7 1.0 17.1 230.6 405.75.1 4.9 18.2 0.6 19.4 223.5 345.97.4 6.5 19.1 1.1 18.7 191.8 372.6





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Top-bottom 10 YPLL and Health IndicatorDiabetes Hospitalization Rates

(Any Diagnosis)Diabetes Hospitalization Rates

(Primary) Diabetes (Any Diagnosis) ED Rates Diabetes (Primary) ED RatesMental Disease and Disorder

Hospitalization RatesOpioid Overdose (per 100,000)

Hospitalization RatesOpioid Overdose (per 100,000) ED

Rates

SPARCS 2012‐2016 Age Adjusted per 10,000







501.0 38.8 805.4 97.6 248.6 17.0 91.0515.9 41.7 752.5 87.4 162.6 ** 49.0568.6 43.8 810.5 54.1 142.4 10.0 59.0401.8 27.7 556.4 67.2 313.8 40.0 50.0405.9 40.1 649.0 69.2 97.0 20.0 50.0226.5 14.6 62.0 5.6 123.0 39.0 80.0264.5 13.7 404.3 45.8 146.0 22.0 53.083.5 8.1 56.2 4.7 41.7 ** 21.0253.9 14.0 333.8 34.4 110.8 15.0 42.0243.1 15.8 65.0 6.9 109.8 20.0 70.0317.6 23.0 407.1 41.8 131.4 20.3 54.6

259.9 19.7 339.0 29.0 118.1 13.0 32.0291.3 25.0 443.9 48.5 106.9 7.0 17.0283.6 19.7 346.8 34.0 118.2 9.0 39.0148.5 9.6 86.3 8.8 54.4 40.0 39.0246.2 15.9 284.7 20.6 56.7 9.0 15.0179.9 12.8 170.3 19.8 80.7 6.0 40.0323.8 22.8 364.7 35.7 61.2 ** 12.0241.7 13.4 238.0 21.6 78.0 7.0 38.0189.4 13.4 206.7 20.4 72.2 11.0 24.0189.4 13.4 206.7 20.4 72.2 11.0 24.0116.1 8.1 95.4 16.4 56.9 ** 28.0213.8 15.5 209.1 19.3 67.5 18.0 37.0202.5 10.2 180.2 17.4 48.5 12.0 31.0166.6 9.7 75.1 7.0 32.3 12.0 22.0148.7 11.9 100.0 8.7 43.6 ** 42.0273.4 14.4 80.3 5.7 65.9 ** **131.3 11.0 38.2 3.1 61.1 ** 32.0168.1 11.6 167.2 17.5 51.6 13.0 30.0167.0 12.3 169.1 15.7 49.7 12.0 18.0134.9 9.1 121.1 10.3 45.5 17.0 43.0211.4 13.1 84.1 9.6 58.2 13.0 32.0150.3 7.4 92.3 6.9 51.2 23.0 64.0220.4 12.2 126.2 15.3 93.4 15.0 20.0176.3 10.2 125.6 9.7 38.0 10.0 23.0133.0 5.8 100.5 5.4 24.2 ** 32.0153.0 8.8 114.3 12.4 51.3 16.0 48.0173.2 9.7 138.3 13.4 51.1 15.0 31.0209.2 11.3 153.9 12.6 38.0 16.0 24.0198.6 8.2 189.1 13.6 56.8 12.0 33.0254.8 17.8 56.7 10.6 98.2 21.0 44.079.6 9.7 33.3 6.1 51.5 ** **97.5 7.3 30.7 2.2 85.6 35.0 **148.6 16.2 66.4 9.7 76.7 ** 72.0185.7 21.3 142.4 21.8 42.9 24.0 24.0132.9 7.9 95.9 10.0 59.9 8.0 36.0114.5 6.1 74.8 6.9 45.2 13.0 51.0148.1 10.6 137.1 13.1 46.8 8.0 24.0174.0 8.0 178.5 12.0 54.3 8.0 29.0

111.1 5.6 69.1 5.3 39.7 ** 26.0187.9 9.5 114.6 8.4 34.5 ** **104.7 6.1 84.7 6.0 32.3 ** 36.0114.7 5.3 103.6 12.2 51.6 8.0 30.074.6 6.1 18.9 2.6 57.3 ** **148.2 9.7 170.6 13.8 59.4 6.0 25.0123.2 7.4 97.5 7.3 30.3 7.0 17.0126.3 6.4 71.6 7.4 39.2 9.0 28.0106.1 6.8 74.4 5.1 26.7 ** 22.0115.0 8.5 89.8 7.2 28.8 5.0 10.0123.8 7.2 97.6 8.5 41.5 6.8 24.2





Bottom 10 229,371 8.8


Appendix II—Capital Region Neighborhoods In 2003, the counties of Albany, Rensselaer and Schenectady implemented a joint planning project to engage health providers and community members in a regional needs assessment and prioritization process. This resulted in the first Capital District Community Health Needs Assessment. It was agreed that sociodemographic and health data needed to be available at the sub-county level. Zip Code were chosen as the geographic area because there were insufficient data for the primary alternative, census tract. In addition, death, ED visit, and hospital discharge data were available at the Zip Code level.

Partners were asked to select ZIP Code, or ZIP Code aggregates based on a minimum of 6,000 residents for more stable rates, and meaningful sub-county groups. These areas generally following municipal boundaries, or at meaningful neighborhoods in urban areas.

In 2013, the counties of Columbia, Greene and Saratoga were added to the regional planning process. Partners from these counties were asked to identify logical sub-county ZIP Code aggregates that were useful for their local planning efforts. Some of the newly identified neighborhoods had populations less than 6,000 due to the rural nature of these counties.

In 2019, Albany County changed their sub-county neighborhood groupings based on the need to look more closely at the South End Neighborhood (split original West Hills/ South End neighborhood into South End and South End/Downtown neighborhoods).

The following are the neighborhoods utilized in the 2019 Capital Region Community Health Needs Assessment:

ALBANY

ZIP Code Neighborhood

State Campus 12203 Westmere/Melrose/Pine Hills N. Albany/Menands 12204 N. Albany/Menands West End 12206 West End/West Hill South End 12202 South End/Mansion/Second Avenue South End/Downtown Albany 12207 Downtown Albany/Warehouse District New Scotland Avenue 12208 New Scotland/Normanskill/Buckingham

Delaware/2nd Avenue

12209 Delaware/2nd Avenue/Whitehall Center Square/Arbor Hill 12210 Center Square/Arbor Hill Colonie 12205 Colonies Village/Maywood/Roessleville/Sand Creek Road Latham 12110 Latham Loudonville 12211 Loudonville Pine Bush 12303 Carman/Lydius/Old State/Hungerkill/Fort Hunter City of Cohoes/North Colonie 12047 City of Cohoes/North Colonies/Bought Corners Watervliet/Green Island 12189 Watervliet/East Colonie/Haswell Road 12183 Green Island Bethlehem 12054 Delmar 12067 Fuera Bush 12077 Glenmont Ravena/Coeymans/Selkirk 12143 Ravena 12158 Selkirk 12046 Coeymans Hollow 12007 Alcove

Hill Towns 12059 East Berne/Knox 12023 Berne/Knox 12147 Rensselaerville 12120 Westerlo 12193 Medusa 12469 Preston Hollow Guilderland 12084 Guilderland 12009 Altamont/Knox/Guilderland Center New Scotland 12159 Slingerlands 12186 Voorheesville 12041 Clarksville

COLUMBIA


Ichabod 12024 Brainard 12115 Malden Bridge 12130 Niverville 12132 North Chatham 12136 Old Chatham 12173 Stuyvesant 12174 Stuyvesant Falls 12184 Valatie Chatham 12017 Austerlitz 12037 Chatham 12060 East Chatham 12075 Ghent 12106 Kinderhook 12165 Spencertown 12195 West Lebanon Canaan 12029 Canaan 12125 New Lebanon Hudson 12172 Stottville 12513 Claverack 12530 Hollowville 12534 Hudson Taconic Hills 12516 Copake 12517 Copake Falls 12521 Craryville 12529 Hillsdale 12565 Philmont Germantown 12523 Elizaville 12526 Germantown Pine Plains 12502 Ancram 12503 Ancramdale

GREENE


Coxsackie/Athens 12015 Athens 12051 Coxsackie 12058 Earlton 12124 New Baltimore 12192 West Coxsackie Greenville 12042 Climax 12083 Greenville 12087 Hannacroix 12176 Surprise 12431 Freehold Catskill 12414 Catskill 12451 Leeds 12463 Palenville 12473 Round Top Cairo/Durham 12405 Acra 12413 Cairo 12418 Cornwallville 12422 Durham 12423 East Durham 12460 Oak Hill 12470 Purling 12482 South Cairo Windham/Ashland/Jewett 12407 Ashland 12424 East Jewett 12439 Hensonville 12444 Jewett 12452 Lexington 12454 Maplecrest 12468 Prattsville 12496 Windham Hunter/Tannersville 12427 Elka Park 12430 Fleishman

12436 Haines Falls 12442 Hunter 12450 Lanesville 12480 Shandaken 12485 Tannersville 12492 West Kill

RENSSELAER


Troy/Lansingburgh 12180 Troy 12182 Lansingburgh

Rensselaer 12144 Rensselaer

East 12022 Berlin 12138 Petersburg 12153 Sand Lake 12168 Stephentown 12169 Stephentown

North East 12090 Hoosick Falls 12057 Eagle Bridge 12094 Johnsonville 12028 Buskirk

North West 12154 Schaghticoke 12121 Melrose 12185 Valley Falls

South West 12033 Castleton on Hudson 12123 Nassau 12156 Schodack 12062 East Nassau 12063 East Schodack

Central 12140 Poestenkill 12052 Cropseyville 12018 Averill Park

West Sand Lake/Wynantskill 12196 West Sand Lake 12198 Wynantskill

East Greenbush 12061 East Greenbush

SARATOGA


Clifton Park West 12148 Rexford/Vischer Ferry 12065 Clifton Park West Waterford/Mechanicville 12188 Mechanicville 12118 Waterford Burnt Hills/Galway 12019 Ballston Lake 12027 Burnt Hills 12074 Galway 12151 Round Lake 12086 Hagaman Ballston Spa 12020 Ballston Spa Saratoga Springs 12866 Saratoga Springs North East 12831 Gansevoort 12871 Schuylerville 12170 Stillwater North West 12833 Greenfield Center 12835 Hadley 12850 Middle Grove 12859 Porter Corners 12863 Rock City Falls 12822 Corinth South Glens Falls 12803 South Glens Falls

SCHENECTADY

ZIP Code Neighborhood Mont Pleasant

12303 Mont Pleasant Upper State Street

12304 Upper State Street City/Stockade

12305 City/Stockade Hamilton Hill

12307 Hamilton Hill Goose Hill/Union

12308 Goose Hill/Union Rural West

12053 Delanson 12056 Duanesberg 12137 Princetown 12150 Rotterdam Junction

Niskayauna 12309 Niskayauna

Scotia‐Glenville 12302 Scotia‐Glenville 12008 Glenville

Rotterdam 12306 Rotterdam

Appendix III—Definitions

Neighborhood Analysis Definitions

Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is a summary measure of premature mortality and its leading causes. It represents the total number years not lived by people who die before a given age. Thus, deaths among younger people contribute more to the YPLL measure than deaths among older people. In the US, the age limit is often set at 75, so people who die before 75 have lost some potential years of life. For example, a person dying at age 25 contributes 50 years of life lost.

Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is calculated combining 17 indicators of income, education, employment, and housing quality. ADI is measured on a national scale-a score of 100 (50th percentile) is the national average. The higher scores mean more deprivation. (Source: Community Commons/Broadstreet). The 17 indicators include:

Families below poverty level (%) High School Graduation Obtained Ages 25 Years and Older (%) Owner-occupied housing units (%) Households without a motor vehicle (%) Crowding Households with more than 1 person per room (%) Households without complete plumbing (%) Households without a telephone (%) Income disparity Median family income ($) Median gross rent ($) Median home value ($) Median monthly home cost ($) Percent of population below 150% of poverty threshold (%) Single parent households with children under 18 years (%) Less than high school education (%) Unemployment Ages 16 Years and Older (%) Employed person 16+ in white collar occupations (%).

SocioNeeds Index summarizes six socioeconomic indicators into o composite score. Values range from 0-100 representing the percentile of each zip code among all US zip codes. Higher values are estimated to have the highest socioeconomic needs. (Source: Conduent/HCI, Claritas 2018). The 6 indicators include:

Average household income ($) Families below poverty (%) Civilian labor force unemployed (%) Employed civilian population in white collar occupations (%)

Population 25+ years with a high school degree or higher (%) Population 5+ years that speaks only English at home (%).

The Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs) identify issues of access to outpatient care, including appropriate follow-up care after hospital discharge. The PQIs are a set of measures developed by the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for use in assessing the quality of outpatient care for "ambulatory care sensitive conditions" (ACSCs). This indicator is defined as the combination of the 12 PQIs that pertain to adults: (1)Short-term complication of diabetes (2)Long-term complication of diabetes (3)Uncontrolled diabetes (4)Lower-extremity amputation among patients with diabetes (5)Hypertension (6)Congestive heart failure (7)Angina (8)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9)Asthma (10)Dehydration (11)Bacterial pneumonia (12)Urinary tract infection. Because the PQIs estimate the number of potentially avoidable hospital admissions, a lower rate is desirable.18

Correlation Coefficient: “Used in statistics to measure how strong a relationship is between two variables. There are several types of correlation coefficient: Pearson’s correlation (also called Pearson’s R) is a correlation coefficient commonly used in linear regression. If you’re starting out in statistics, you’ll probably learn about Pearson’s R first. In fact, when anyone refers to the correlation coefficient, they are usually talking about Pearson’s.”15

“Correlation coefficient formulas are used to find how strong a relationship is between data. The formulas return a value between -1 and 1, where:

1 indicates a strong positive relationship -1 indicates a strong negative relationship A result of zero indicates no relationship at all”15