Capital Taxes Update

and Planning 2017

Martyn Ingles FCA CTA

• PPR refresher

• Relief for gifts – business assets and using trusts

• Goodwill on incorporation – worth doing again?

• Transfer of rental business to Ltd company

• Entrepreneurs’ relief – watch 5% rule

• Liquidations – CGT or income tax?

• Making Seed EIS work for your clients

• IHT planning including the new “downsizing” relief

CGT Update - Agenda

• Taxpayer’s main residence exempt

• Includes grounds of 0.5ha

• Or “required for reasonable enjoyment having regard to size and character”

• Includes servants quarters

• And buildings in “curtilage”

Private Residences

• If 2 or more residences

• May elect which is principal residence

• Only one at time

• Switch back and forth

• Last 18 months owned then exempt (was 36m)

• Acceptable tax avoidance per GAAR guidance

Private Residence Planning

• Moore v HMRC – FTT decision

• Property initially a “Buy to Let”

• Marriage break up – “moved in” to property 12.11.06

• Council tax records support this

• Property sold 22.7.2007 = 8 months later

• Put property on market with Estate Agent – 22.4.2007

• Date moved in with new girlfriend? – unclear

• Post delivered to girlfriend’s address (2nd wife)

Not a Residence for CGT PPR

• HMRC’s view - Mr Moore’s occupation did not have

the degree of permanence, continuity or expectation

of continuity necessary for the property to qualify as

his only or main residence for the purposes of sections

222 and 223 TCGA.

• Goodwin v Curtis – “A person’s ‘home’ was to be

distinguished from a property which the person

temporarily occupied”

• FTT rejected taxpayers appeal – NOT PPR

Not a Residence for CGT PPR

• Trustees get PPR if beneficiary lives in house

• Martyn’s daughter Hannah – buy flat in Manchester? 3

options:

• 1. Martyn buys – not PPR

• 2. Hannah buys, Martyn as guarantor (her PPR)

• 3. Buy via trust – PPR available to trustees

• (With 3, Martyn should not lend funds to trust – could

invoke the settlements rule – he should guarantee the

Trust borrowing or settle funds absolutely)

Child at University? Extra PPR

CGT payable by non-

residents from 2015/16

• Consultation in Summer 2014

• New charge from 6 April 2015 on disposal of UK

residential properties (dwellings)

• Applies to NR individuals, trustees and close companies

• Rebase at 6 April 2015

• Can they claim PPR relief?

• Report and Pay CGT within 30 days - HMRC online

calculator

CGT payable by non-residents

• Example 2

• Frau Merkel lives in Germany bought a holiday cottage

in England April 2005 for £500,000, uses 2 weeks/ year.

• Sells the cottage in April 2020 for £650,000. Market

value of the cottage on 6 April 2015 was £550,000.

• Gain computed with ref to 6 April 2015 value £100,000.

• Time apportioned gain on cost £150,000 x 5/15 =

£50,000

• Elect to use the time apportionment basis

CGT payable by non-residents

• PPR will still be available to non-residents disposing of

main residence in Uk

• Consultation considered 2 options:

1. Remove election - HMRC may seek evidence that de-

facto main residence – mail delivery, electoral roll.

2. A fixed rule to identify the main residence based on

number of days spent there

New legislation requires occupation for at least 90

days in the tax year concerned to qualify for PPR

Private Residence Relief for Non-Residents

Relief for gifts

Business assets and

trust planning

• Two alternatives

• S165 – gift of business assets

• Are the shares a business asset?

• S260 – transfers subject to immediate IHT charge

• Lifetime transfers to most trusts now

• Can be any asset

Hold over (gift) relief

• Shares in trading company

• Up to 5.4.03 linked to retirement relief definition

• Trading company = “wholly or mainly” test

• CBA/CA restriction if personal company

• Now linked to “trading company” 20% test

S165 business gift relief

• Where shareholder has >25%

• or personal company

• Restrict gain available for holdover

• To MV chargeable business assets portion

• Goodwill? Old or new?

CBA/ CA restriction

• Business premises 300,000 CBA

• Fixed plant 50,000 CBA

• Goodwill 1,250,000 CBA?

• Investments 150,000 CA

• Other net assets 250,000

• Total value 2,000,000

• < 20% thus trading company

CBA/ CA restriction – Example

• Business premises 300,000 CBA

• Fixed plant 50,000 CBA

• Goodwill 1,250,000 CBA

• 1,600,000

• Investments 150,000 CA

• Total chargeable assets 1,750,000

• S165 holdover restricted to 91.4%

• If £40,000 then £3,439 chargeable (< annual exemption)

Old Goodwill – Bloggs Trading Ltd

• Business premises 300,000 CBA

• Fixed plant 50,000 CBA

• 350,000

• Investments 150,000 CA

• Total chargeable assets 500,000

• S165 holdover restricted to just 70%

• If £40,000 gain = £12,000 chargeable

New Goodwill – Bloggs Trading Ltd

• Gift of any asset where there is immediate IHT charge

• Lifetime transfer to all trusts now

• If < £325,000 then no IHT (< nil band)

• Also transfers out of trust

• Planning opportunity?

S260 TCGA gift relief

• S260 TCGA – hold over gain where there is IHT charge

e.g. transfer into and out of trust

• Simple planning technique – Example

• Dad wants to give daughter £300K investment property.

Base cost £60K

• CG = major deterrent

• Gain = £240,000 – 28% CGT = £67,200

Passing on a Buy to Let using a trust

• Simple planning technique

• Dad transfers property into trust = if immediately

chargeable = CG holdover (s260 TCGA)

• IHT charge? – likely to be within nil rate band (£325K)

• Property into trust for daughter without tax charge

• No CGT, no IHT

Passing on a Buy to Let property

• Simple planning technique

• Property in trust

• If trust is felt to be inappropriate…

• Wait at least 3 months…

• …. Or if trust suits, for longer but less than 10 years

• Appoint out property to daughter

• Holdover under s260 TCGA on way out – No CGT

• If gifted directly no holdover = CGT for Dad

Passing on a Buy to Let Property

• S165 and s260 hold over denied

• Where transfer to settlor interested trust

• (= Settlor, spouse or minor child now)

• Relief also clawed back if becomes settlor interested

• Within 6 years of end of tax year of transfer

Self-settlement anti-avoidance

• H W at no gain/ no loss

• No gain on transfer – banked IA if before 6.4.08

• Up to end of year of separation

• £11,100 annual exemption each

• £10,000,000 Entrepreneurs Relief each

CGT and gifts between spouses

Rollover relief

Replacement of business assets

• Replacement of business assets

• Reinvest proceeds from old asset within period 1 yr before to 3 yrs after disposal

• Gain either held over or deferred

• Depends upon type of asset

Rollover relief

1.4.15 1.4.16 1.4.19

BUY NEW ASSET

SELL OLD ASSET

Rollover relief

36M 12M

• Land and buildings

• *Goodwill

• Fixed plant & machinery

• Ships, aircraft, hovercraft

• Satellites and space craft!!

• *Quotas

• *Entitlement to farm payments

Rollover relief - qualifying assets

• Expected life < 60 years

• E.G. Leasehold premises

• Gain on old asset merely deferred

• Deferred until earlier of

• Sale of asset

• Cease using asset in trade

• 10 years after acquisition

Depreciating assets

CGT on

incorporation

Mr Jones Mr Jones

TRADE AND ASSETS

SOLD TO A LTD

DR ASSETS CR LOAN A/C

USE MV TO COMPUTE GAINS

CGT on incorporation

Jones Ltd

Mr Jones Mr Jones

TRADE AND GOODWILL

SOLD TO JONES LTD DR G/WILL £1million

CR LOAN A/C £1 million

Goodwill on Incorporation

Jones Ltd

• Incorporate business 30 November 2014

• “Sell” goodwill to Jones Ltd leaving balance outstanding

on loan account

• Gain on goodwill £1,000,000

• With entrepreneurs’ relief just 10% CGT = £100,000

• Can then withdraw loan account “tax free”

• If post 1.4. 2002 goodwill could even claim a CT

deduction… say 10 years = £100,000

Goodwill – What we used top be able

to do…

Mr Jones Mr Jones

TRADE AND GOODWILL

SOLD TO JONES LTD DR G/WILL £1,000,000

CR LOAN A/C £1,000,000

****CGT Entrepreneurs’ Relief no longer available from 3 December 2014 ****

Goodwill – Autumn Statement

Jones Ltd

• Sole trader/ Partnership to Ltd company

• Related parties

• Thus no write off of OLD goodwill (pre 1.4.2002)

*** Can no longer write off if transferred from 3

December 2014 onwards ***

Goodwill – CT deduction also blocked

• Small goodwill gains – covered by £11,300 annual exemption then 10%/20%

• S165 – gift of business assets

• Hold gain over into cost of assets

• Assets have low base cost

• Use if property to be retained personally

• S162 – transfer of a business in exchange for shares

• Hold gains into base cost of shares

• Assets at market value

• No gain if asset sold shortly after

Incorporation – CGT reliefs still available

• Worth considering selling goodwill again now CGT rate only 20%?

• Share of goodwill valued at £1,000,000

• Transfer to Ltd company 30 June 2016

• CGT due 31 January 2018 = £200,000

• £1,000,000 credit to loan account

• Net cost £800,000

• No CT deduction for goodwill amortisation

• Say 10 years = £100,000 p.a. disallowed

• Sufficient profits to pay dividends?

Goodwill on incorporation - back on?

• From 6 April 2017 buy to let interest restricted

• Companies will still receive interest relief against rental

and other profits

• Income and gains taxed at 20% => 17%

• Indexation available against gains

• Double taxation – taxed again when extract profit

• £5,000 dividend allowance

• Long term?

• No CGT or IHT relief on shares

Run Rental Business through a company?

• Transfer existing rental business to company?

• CGT – properties transferred at MV + SDLT

• Hold over gain using s162 TCGA 1992

• Transfer of business in exchange for shares

• Gain held over into base cost of shares

• Is it a business?

• Mr and Mrs E M Ramsay v HMRC (UTT)

• 20 hours a week running rental business - YES

Run Rental Business through a company?

• Ramsey v HMRC UKUTT

• S162 TCGA holdover applies on transfer of a business

• Does not have to be a trade

• Gains held over into base cost of new shares issued

• Property rental business transferred – 10 flats

• FTT agreed with HMRC that not operated as a

business!

• 20 hours a week arranging maintenance, collecting rent,

cleaning between lets

• Wrong decision? – Overturned at UTT

s162 incorporation relief – is it a business?

10% CGT on first £10,000,000

gains now

Entrepreneurs

Relief

• Disposal of all or part of a business

• Disposal of shares in or securities of a company, or

• Disposal of assets following cessation of a business (3

years)

(NB – C16 striking off now gone – must liquidate now)

Disposal of business assets

Trading Liquidation

Entrepreneur relief on capital distribution if within 3 years

Entrepreneurs Relief

1 YEAR 4 YEARS

• Shareholder conditions:

• Officer or employee

• 5% of shares and voting rights

• Company conditions:

• Trading company

Entrepreneurs’ relief – Shares

and Securities

Min 1 year

• Asset used by partnership or personal company

• Relief available where disposal results from disposal of all or part of the business or shares AND

• Withdrawal from the business

• Just and reasonable apportionment of gain eligible if charge rent

Entrepreneur’s Relief

- associated disposal

• HMRC guidance CG63995

• Associated disposal and material disposal of business

assets linked

• Relief not due unless the disposal is related to the

individual’s reduction of

• his interest in the assets of the partnership

• or holding in the company

• From 18.3.2015 – must dispose of at least 5% of

shares or partnership interest

“Withdrawal from Business”

• Mr C held 5% of company’s ordinary shares

• The company had also issued a number of deferred

shares – no rights to dividends, no votes, limited rights

to capital on a winding up = worthless

• Should these shares be considered as ordinary share

capital? If so Mr C only had 4.9%

• Held: deferred shares are ordinary shares

• Issued for a genuine commercial purpose

• As < 5% held by Mr C no entrepreneurs’ relief

Entrepreneurs’ Relief – Castledine case

• Mr and Mrs McQ each held 33% of company’s ordinary

shares (total 100)

• The company had also issued 30,000 redeemable non-

voting shares – representing a loan to company

• No voting rights, no dividend rights, redeemable at par

• Should these shares be considered as ordinary share

capital? If so Mr and Mrs McQ held <1%

• FTT: the redeemable shares not ordinary shares

• UTT: consider all shares unless have fixed return

• No entrepreneurs relief

Entrepreneurs’ Relief – McQuillan case

• Shareholder conditions:

• Officer or employee

• 5% of shares and voting rights

• Company conditions:

• Trading company

Entrepreneurs’ relief – Shares

and Securities

Min 1 year

• J K Moore v HMRC (2016) UKFTT

• Purchase by company of own shares

• Mr Moore owned 3,000 out of 10,000 shares

• Fell out with other directors – benefit company trade to

buy back 2,700 his shares (90% reduction)

• 300/7,300 after buy back (4.1%) = CGT

• But – entrepreneurs relief? - NO

• Resigned as director 28 February 2009

• Special resolution for buy back 29 May 2009

Entrepreneurs’ Relief – Not officer/employee

Associated disposal?

BLOGGS LTD

MR BLOGGS

Company distributions

CGT or IT?

52

• Sections 35 in Finance Act 2016 - introduced Targeted Anti-

Avoidance Rule

• ITTOIA 2005 section S396B and s404A

• Certain distributions on a winding up taxed as income not

CGT = up to 38.1% rather than 10%

• Applies to transactions from 6 April 2016

• New HMRC Manual Guidance - CTM36300

HMRC Guidance on Winding up TAAR

• A close company is wound up and an individual (S)

• with a material interest (5%) receives proceeds from the

shares

• Within two years of that distribution S (or a connected

person) continues to be, or becomes, involved in a similar

trade or activity; and

• One of the main purposes of the winding up is to obtain a

tax advantage

• Note – successor could be unincorporated business

Liquidations taxed as income if:

• Company Liquidation previously taxed as Gain = 10% with

entrepreneurs relief

• Where income accumulated in company may now be taxed

as income? – Finance Act 2016

• Profits 1,000,000

• Less corporation tax 20% (200,000)

• Retained profit £800,000

• CGT @ 10% (80,000)

• Net cash to shareholder £720,000 28% tax

• Dividends taxed at 7.5%,32.5%, 38.1% now

Company distributions

• If distributed as a dividend:

• Profits 1,000,000

• Less corporation tax 20% (200,000)

• Retained profit £800,000

• IT @ 38.1% (AR) (304,800)

• Net cash to shareholder £495,200 50.48% tax

Company liquidations – if income

• Mrs F has been the sole shareholder of a company which

carries on the trade of landscape gardening for ten years.

Mrs F decides to wind up the business and retire. Because

she no longer needs a company she liquidates the

company and receives a distribution in a winding up. To

subsidise her pension, Mrs F continues to do a small

amount of gardening in his local village.

• Condition C – similar trade or activity, BUT

• CGT treatment would not apply if arrangements do not

appear to have tax as a main purpose (condition D)

“Similar trade or activity” - example 2

Mr E is a builder who runs his business through two

companies

• Company 1 specialises in loft conversions, and

• Company 2 specialises in extensions.

Mr E winds up Company 1, but the trade of Company 2

continues.

As with Example 2, Mr E continues to be involved with

a trade that is similar to that of the company that is

wound up, and so Condition C is satisfied.

“Similar trade or activity” - example 3

• Mrs C, an accountant runs her business through a

company. Her husband is a self-employed lion tamer. Mrs

C winds up her company and starts work for a newly-

formed company owned by her husband, providing

accountancy services.

• Mrs C continues to be involved with the same trade or

activity as the wound-up company was involved with (the

provision of accountancy services), even though she is

now an employee rather than business owner.

• She is connected to her husband and so Condition C is

met. Condition D will still need to be satisfied.

“Continues to be involved in similar trade or

activity”

• S396B applies Condition D where:

• “it is reasonable to assume, having regard to all the

circumstances, that –

1. The main purpose, or one of the main purposes of the

winding up is the avoidance or reduction of a charge to

income tax, or

2. The winding up forms part of arrangements the main

purpose or one of the main purposes of which is the

avoidance or reduction of a charge to income tax”

Condition D – section 396B

• Is there a tax advantage, and if so, is its size consistent

with a decision to wind-up a company to obtain it?

• To what extent does the trade or activity carried on after

the winding-up resemble the trade or activity carried on by

the wound-up company?

• What is the involvement in that trade or activity by the

individual who received the distribution? To what extent

have their working practices changed?

• Are there any special circumstances? For example, is the

individual merely supplying short-term consultancy to the

new owners of the trade?

Factors HMRC will consider:

• How much influence did the person have over the

arrangements? Is it a reasonable inference that

arrangements were entered into to secure this advantage?

• Is there a pattern, for instance have previous companies

with similar activities been wound-up?

• What other factors might be present to lead to a decision to

wind-up? Are these commercial and independent of tax

benefits?

• Any events linked with the winding-up that might reasonably

be taken into account? For example, was the only trade

sold to a third party, leaving just the proceeds of the sale?

Factors HMRC will consider:

• Distribution does not create chargeable gain

• Repayment of base cost of shares

• Distribution of irredeemable shares/ Demergers

• Where shareholder receives shares in a new company

and that new company receives all of the assets of the

old. Although it is arguable that there is a tax advantage

here, the chargeable gains legislation provides an

exemption for reconstructions

Exclusions:

EIS and Seed EIS

and CGT planning

• 30% income tax credit*

• Max £1,000,000 @ 30%

• Disposal CGT exempt*

• Deferral of gains

• * Provided not connected

• Capital loss relief v income

Tax breaks for EIS investor

• Carry on qualifying trade, or

• Parent co of trading group

• Unquoted (includes AIM)

• Gross assets £15m before issue (was £7m)

• £16m after issue (was £8m)

• SP2/00 - gross assets per B/Sheet

Qualifying Trading Company

• UK companies or those with UK PE (branch)

• Certain trades excluded (< 20%) :

• Dealing in land, shares, commodities, futures etc.

• Dealing in goods other than wholesale/ retail

• Banking, insurance, HP, financial

• Leasing, (royalties OK)

• Legal and accountancy

EIS - Qualifying Trades

• Property development

• Farming, market gardening

• Woodlands and forestry

• Operating/managing hotels

• Operating/managing nursing homes

• Companies receiving Feed In Tariffs

• Providing services for non-qualifying trade

EIS – Excluded activities:

• Unconnected investor

• Not > 30% of share capital (with associates)

• Not an employee of company (nor associates)

• May become a director however

• New issue of shares for cash

• Retain shares for 3 years or relief clawed back

• Clawback if “value received” from company

EIS / Seed EIS – Qualifying Individual

• Spouse, parent, child or

• Remoter forebear or issue

• Trustees of settlement where individual (or above)

settlor

• Not brother, sister, in-laws

• Business partner

Seed EIS – “Associates”

• Investors may become paid directors and qualify

• Unless previously connected

• Or involved in carrying on any part of trade carried on

by the company

• May make further investment within 3 years

“Business Angels”

• Was to apply from 2012/13 for 5 years:

• 50% IT reducer up to £100,000 each tax year

• Plus CGT exemption on 50% of gains reinvested

• No CGT on disposal of shares (after 3 years)

• Total £150,000 investment per company

• Many rules based on EIS

• Unconnected investor

• New Qualifying trading company

Seed EIS relief made permanent

• Newly incorporated company: < 2 years prior to issue of

shares

• < £200,000 gross assets prior to share issue

• < 25 employees when shares issued

• In good financial health – not company “in difficulty”?

• Unquoted companies only

• Must not be in partnership

• Carrying out qualifying business activity (as EIS)

• Max £150,000 share issue qualifies for relief

Seed EIS – Qualifying Company

• Johnny starts a new software company

• Needs £20,000 for new computers, plant

• His aunty Betty has £20,000 in bank – minimal interest

• She buys shares in nephew’s company

• £10,000 income tax relief (50%)

• Gains up to £10,000 exempt

• No CGT on disposal of shares after 3 years

• Company goes bust – set loss against income (s131)

Making Seed EIS work for your

clients

• New CGT relief for long term investors in unquoted

trading companies, not directors, employees

• 10% CGT on first £10m of lifetime gains

• Must be new issue of shares for new consideration

• Issued on after 16 March 2016

• Held for at least 3 years

• Anti-avoidance to ensure genuine commercial

investment

New CGT investors relief

• Reinvest the property gain in EIS company shares

• Defers the gain until the shares are sold

• Gain comes back into charge at the general rate of

CGT, currently 20% for a higher rate taxpayer.

• No minimum holding period for EIS deferral relief

• (3 years for income tax relief and unconnected)

• The reinvestment must take place during the period of

12 months before to 36 months after the date of

disposal of the property.

Property disposals – 20% instead of 28% CGT

• Cliff sells property in November 2016 for £300,000

making a capital gain of £100,000.

• Reinvest the £100,000 gain in EIS shares Jan 2017.

• The £100,000 gain would be deferred until the EIS

shares are sold and the £28,000 CGT not payable

• If unconnected deduct £30,000 (30%) IT liability

• Cliff sells the EIS shares in February 2020 for £105,000.

• £5,000 gain on the EIS shares exempt from CGT

• The £100,000 deferred gain comes back into charge at

the general rate 20%, so just £20,000 CGT payable.

Property disposals – 20% instead of 28% CGT

Inheritance Tax

Refresher and Update

• Tax on value of estate at death

• + Gifts within 7 years of death

• 40% tax after £325,000 => 2020

• Conservative manifesto £1,000,000 ?

• Therefore give away and live for 7 years

• Enough to live on?

• What about the house?

IHT Basics

• UK domiciled – IHT on worldwide assets

• Remain UK domiciled for 3 years if emigrate

• Non UK domiciled – IHT on UK situs assets only

• Deemed UK domiciled for IHT if resident for 15 years

• Planning:

• Put Foreign assets into trust while non – Domiciled

• Assets were Excluded Property – No UK IHT

• Changed from 6 April 2017

IHT Basics – Importance of Domicile

• Exemptions – what are there?

• Annual

• Wedding

• Normal expenditure (gifts out of income)

• Family Maintenance

• Charity

• Watch interspouse if one non dom (now £325K)

• Watch interaction between chargeable gifts and PETs = 14 year planning?

Annual IHT Planning

• Annual exemption - £3,000

• Small gifts - £250

• Marriage exemption

• Parents - each £5,000

• Grandparents, remoter £2,500

• Spouses £2,500

• Others £1,000

• Normal expenditure out of income

Exempt transfers -lifetime only

• THREE CONDITIONS - S21(1) IHTA 84

• “Part of the normal expenditure” of transferor

• “(Taking one year with another) it was made out of

his income”

• “Was left with sufficient income to maintain his

normal standard of living”

Gifts out of income

• Applies to deaths after 6 April 2012:

• 36% IHT rate if bequeath >10% of estate to charity

• 10% of estate after exemptions, reliefs, NRB

• Add back charitable legacy = 10% of “baseline amount”

• Example:

• George, single man, dies leaving estate £2,325,000

after exemptions and reliefs

36% IHT if leave 10% to charity

• No charitable bequest:

• IHT payable £2,000,000 @ 40% = £800,000

• Net estate £1,200,000 (+ £325,000)

• £200,000 left to charity:

• IHT payable £1,800,000 @ 36% = £648,000

• Net estate £1,152,000 (+ £325,000)

• £200,000 bequest saves £152,000 tax (76%)

IHT charity bequest example

• Potentially exempt transfers:

• Outright gift to individual

• to life tenant trust to 22.3.06

• to A&M trust to 22.3.06

• Other transfers chargeable at time of gift,

• E.g. Transfer to discretionary trust

• Most trusts from 22.3.06

• Transfer of value by close company

Lifetime gifts

• PETS – can be done very late in life – for IHT

• Gifts within annual exemptions - £3,000 pa

• Over 10 years - couple can give away £66,000

• Watch CGT on gifts – not if cash

• Hold over? S165 or s260 TCGA

• Take gain if within £11,300 AE

Lifetime gifts

• From 9 October 2007

• Unused nil band (%) from first spouses death

transferred to survivor

• Utilised on second death

• No action required on first death

• Claimed by LPR on second death

Married couples & IHT nil band

transfer

• Dad dies January 2008

• All of estate left to Mum, no lifetime gifts

• Nil band used = 0%, balance 100%

• Mum dies 2015, nil band £325,000

• Mum gets 200% = £650,000 nil band

Nil band transfer example

• Dad died October 2007 – Nil Band £300,000

• £100,000 to children, balance to Mum

• Nil band used = 1/3, balance 2/3

• Mum dies 2025, say nil band £360,000

• Mum gets 166.7% = £600,000 nil band

Nil band transfer example

• Additional £175,000 IHT relief for family home

• No IHT on transfer of family home <£1,000,000 =

(£325,000 + £175,000) x 2

• Also available if downsize

• Like NRB transferred to surviving spouse if unused

• Taper relief by £1 for £2 over £2,000,000 before IHT

reliefs – e.g. BPR, APR

• May need to review client’s Will’s and estate

planning

Additional Main Residence Nil Rate Band

• Additional IHT relief for family home, phased in:

• £100,000 – 2017/18

• £125,000 – 2018/19

• £150,000 – 2019/20

• £175,000 – 2020/21

• Then increased with CPI

IHT Family Home Allowance

• Taper relief by £1 for £2 over £2,000,000 before IHT

reliefs – e.g. BPR, APR

• Family home £900,000, business worth £5m would

mean no Family Home relief!

• Couple with £2m home plus £1m savings owned jointly

= £1,500,000

• Leave half share to spouse on first death

• On second death, estate = £3m, no relief

IHT Family Home Allowance -

tapering

• Additional NRB available if downsize:

1. to a less valuable residence and that residence,

together with assets of an equivalent value to the

‘lost’ RNRB, has been left to direct descendants, or

2. sold their only residence, and the sale proceeds, or

assets of an equivalent value, have been left to direct

descendants, or

3. has otherwise ceased to own their only residence,

and other assets of an equivalent value have been left

to direct descendants

Residence Nil Rate Band - Downsizing

• Individual dies on or after 6 April 2017

• The property disposed of must have been owned by

the individual and it would have qualified for the

RNRB had the individual retained it

• Less valuable property, or other assets of an

equivalent value if the property has been disposed of,

are in the deceased’s estate

• Less valuable property, and any other assets of an

equivalent value, are inherited by the individual’s

direct descendants on that person’s death

RNRB – Downsizing Conditions

• Downsizing or the disposal occurs after 8 July 2015

• No time limit on the period in which the downsizing or

the disposals took place before death

• Any number of downsizing moves between 8 July

2015 and the date of death of the individual

• Would also include disposing of part of a property

(including land occupied and used as a garden or

grounds) or a share in it

• Where a property is given away, assets of an

equivalent value to the value of the property when

the gift was made must be left to direct descendants

RNRB – Downsizing – Further

Conditions

Business and

Agricultural Property

Relief

• 100% on unquoted shares + AIM

• 50% for control of quoted co.

• 100% on partnership interest, sole trader

• 50% on assets used in company (controlled) or

partnership

• Not investment, dealing cos – IRC v George, Farmer

• Own relevant property for 2 years

Business property

• 100% relief against agricultural value, where:

• Occupied for agricultural purposes throughout 2

years prior to transfer (owner/ farmer)

• Owned by him throughout a period of 7 years ending

with that date has been occupied throughout that

period (by him or another) for agricultural purposes.

• Must have right to vacant possession within 2 years

• Now applies to all new agricultural tenancies from 1995

• If above does not apply then only 50% APR

Agricultural Property Relief

• Relief denied if binding contract for sale

• Lifetime gifts

• Asset must still be owned by donee at donor’s death

• Must qualify for BPR/APR at death

• Excepted assets – cash? Barclays Bank Trust Co

• Assets used by family company?

Business property (APR) - danger

areas

Own property personally -

BPR?

BLOGGS LTD

MR BLOGGS

• Relief denied if binding contract for sale

• Lifetime gifts

• Asset must still be owned by donee at donor’s death

• Must qualify for BPR/APR at death

• Excepted assets – cash? Barclays Bank Trust Co

• Assets used by family company?

Business property (APR) - danger

areas

The End

Any Questions?