CAPITALIZATION, PUNCTUATION, UNDERLINING, QUOTATIONS, RUN-ONS, FRAGMENTS, COMMA

SPLICES, PRONOUN ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT, & CORRECT VERB USAGE

DOL Review

Alabama Course of Study Standards

Directions: Copy the following standards into your notes. 10- Apply mechanics in writing, including commas to set

off nouns of address and following introductory phrases and clauses.

10a-Punctuate titles correctly using quotation marks, underlining, or italics.

10b-Using semicolons, conjunctive adverbs, and commas to join two independent clauses or to correct run-on sentences.

10c-Demonstrating correct sentence structure by avoiding comma splices.

11-Apply grammar conventions in writing to pronoun antecedent agreement and to subject verb agreement with inverted word order and with indefinite pronouns as subjects.

Standard 10

10- Apply mechanics in writing, including commas to set off nouns of address and following introductory phrases and clauses.

Use a comma after introductory phrases such as yes, no, or other mild exclamations such as well or why. A comma is also used to set off a name at the beginning of the sentence.

Examples: Yes, I want pepperoni on my pizza. No, I do not want anchovies on my pizza! Why, the chef put anchovies on my pizza after I said no! Well, I will be sending my pizza back! Mom, I would like to go eat at Taco Bell. Jane, go sit down and eat your pizza.

Standard 10 cont.

Use a comma to set off introductory phrases that contain a prepositional phrase. A comma is also used with other introductory words. Commas are needed for words or phrases that interrupt the flow of a sentence. Examples:

For example, the novel Alabama Moon is written by an Alabama author.

Finally, we are reading a novel set in a familiar location. After I finish reading my AR book, I will take a test on

the book. Reading is great exercise for the mind, I think. Mr. Crowder, in my opinion, is one of the best librarians

in the state of Alabama. In the bookcase, you will find all of my favorite books.

Standard 10a

10a-Punctuate titles correctly using quotation marks, underlining, or italics.

The following items go in quotation marks:Chapters of books, short stories, essays, articles, songs, and

poems Items that are placed in quotation marks are “smaller.” They

can be part larger items listed below.

The following items are underlined or italicized:Books, plays, magazines, movies, tv series, long musical

compositions or CDs, epic poems, paintings, ships, trains, spacecrafts, and airplanes

Items that are underlined or italicized are larger objects.

Standard 10a cont.

Create a 2 column chart. Label one side quotations and the other side underlined. Fill in each box with an example for each item on the previous slide.

Quotations Underlined

Standard 10b

10b-Using semicolons, conjunctive adverbs, and commas to join two independent clauses or to correct run-on sentences. Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses only if the

clauses are closely related in meaning. Correct: My dad likes the mountains; my mom likes the beach. Incorrect: My dad likes to eat steak; my mom prefers to read

historical novels. Use a semicolon to combine two independent clauses that aren’t

joined by and, but, for , nor, or so, or yet. Susie took her books to class; she put her lunchbox in her

locker. I went to football practice after school; then I went to my

friend’s house to study.

Standard 10c

10c-Demonstrating correct sentence structure by avoiding comma splices. A comma splice means two or more independent clauses

have been combined with only a comma. The comma needs a coordinating conjunction to combine two or more independent clauses.

Independent clause-includes a subject and a verb; is a complete thought, can stand alone

Dependent clause-doesn’t include both a subject and verb, isn’t a complete thought; cannot stand alone

Use a comma to separate two or more independent clauses. To join the independent clauses, a comma and coordinating conjunction are needed.

Standard 10c

The following are coordinating conjunctions:And, but, or, for, nor ,so, yet

Correct: We went to buy new school clothes at the mall, and we went to Applebee’s for lunch.

Incorrect: We went to buy new school clothes at the mall, we went to Applebee’s for lunch.

Write the following sentences correcting the comma splices. Use the following coordinating conjunctions ONE time.

Standard 10c

For, so, nor, and, but, or, yet1.A variety of fruits and vegetables are important to

your diet, they supply many vitamins. 2.The band doesn’t perform until halftime, they must

wait in the bleachers until it is their turn to perform.3.Sarah did not study her vocabulary, did she read her

AR book.4.We went to see a movie, we bought Coke and

popcorn. 5.She enjoyed the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, she did

not care for the movie. 6.The class can go on a trip to the Birmingham Zoo,

they can go to Georgia Aquarium. 7.Our principal is a nice man, he is stern

Standard 11

11-Apply grammar conventions in writing to pronoun antecedent agreement and to subject verb agreement with inverted word order and with indefinite pronouns as subjects.

The verb of a sentence must agree with the subject. If there is a singular subject, there must be a singular verb. Likewise, if there is a plural subject, there must be a plural verb.

Write the following nouns and the correct verbs. 1. People (talk, talks) 6. geese (hisses, hiss)2. Rain (splashes, splash) 7. night (falls, fall)3. Birds (flies, fly) 8. roofs (leaks, leak)4. It (appear, appears) 9. baby (smiles, smile)5. We (helps, help) 10. tooth (aches, ache)

Standard 11 cont.

A pronoun should agree in number and gender with its antecedent.

A singular pronoun is used to refer to anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one somebody, someone, or something. Examples:

Each of the snakes escaped from its cage. Someone in the class left behind his or her pencil.

Use a plural pronoun to refer to both, few, many, or several. Examples:

Both of the sailors asked their captain for shore leave. Many among the others waiting below deck hoped they

could go, too.

Standard 11 cont.

The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some may be singular or plural, depending on how they are used in a sentence. Examples:

All of the book is interesting, isn’t it? All of the books are interesting, aren’t they?

Use a singular pronoun to refer to two or more singular antecedents joined by or or nor. Examples:

Either Ralph or Carlos will display his baseball cards. Neither Nina nor Mary will bring her CD player.

Use a plural pronoun to refer to two or more antecedents joined by and. Examples:

Isaac and Jerome told me that they were coming. Elena and Roberto sent letters to their cousin.