carbohidratos

7/21/2019 CARBOHIDRATOS

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UNIVERSIDAD DE EL SALVADOR

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA Y ARQUITECTURA

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MATEMATICAS

QUIMICA ORGANICA 1

AÑO LECTIVO CICLO II – 2014

INSTRUCTORA DE LABORATORIO:

Msc. Carm! D"!#ra C$a%ra

NOMBRE DE LA PRÁCTICA DE LABORATORIO:Car&#'"%ra(#s

INTEGRANTES DEL GRUPO

APELLIDO NOMBRECARNET

Gar)#!a Ur*$"++a, V"+ma Na(a+"a

GU1-001

N/) C'ac!, A+a!%r# A+&r(#NC1-002

S"$!)a D"a), A!%ra I3#!!SD12001



2

SEMANA: C

CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, VIERNES 12 DE

DICIEMRE DE 2014



-

INDICE



4

INTRODUCCION

L#s car&#'"%ra(#s s(5! 6rs!(s 7$!%am!(a+m!( ! +#s

3(a+s 8 7r$(as. E! s( r$6# % a+"m!(#s, +#scar&#'"%ra(#s s#! + r$6# ma8#r"(ar"# %s6$9s %+ a$a.

L#s car&#'"%ra(#s 6$%! sr %"7r!(s ! c$a!(# a s$ 6s#m#+c$+ar, +#s 'a8 s"m6+s 8 c#m6+#s. L#s a)cars s"m6+sm5s "m6#r(a!(s s#! +a +$c#sa, +a 7r$c(#sa # +a sacar#sa. La"m6#r(a!c"a *$ ("!! s 6#r + sa&#r %$+c *$ c#!:r a+#s a+"m!(#s +# *$ +s 'ac m$c'# m5s a(rac("3#s.

U! a)car c#m6+# % s$ma "m6#r(a!c"a s + a+m"%!. Es +a7#rma ! +a *$ + ("%# 3(a+ rsr3a !r;a. E+ sr'$ma!# +# %""r 8 a 3cs +# a+mac!a 6ara !r;a.

La ma8#r 6ar( % +#s a)cars *$ s #&("!! ! !$s(ra%"(a 6r#3"!! % +#s a/a%"%#s a +#s 6r#%$c(#s +a&#ra%#s*$ ("!! m5s *$ +#s !a($ra+s.

La sacar#sa *$ s #&("!! % +a ca/a % a)car # % +arm#+ac'a s +a *$ m5s s $("+")a. La +ac(#sa s + m5s"m6#r(a!( % #r"! a!"ma+.

L#s car&#'"%ra(#s s c+as":ca! !< m#!#sac5r"%#s,#+"#sac5r"%#s 8 6#+"sac5r"%#s.

.



=

OBJETIVOS

Objetivo gener!"

I%!(":car +a s(r$c($ra 8 7$!c"#!s % +#s car&#'"%ra(#s 6ararc#!#cr s$ "m6#r(a!c"a c#m# 7$!( % !r;a % +#ssrs 3"3#s.

Objetivo# e#$e%&'%o#"

Q$ c#m# s($%"a!(s sam#s ca6acs %<

C#m6r#&ar >6r"m!(a+m!( +as racc"#!s !9r"cas %+#s car&#'"%ra(#s, c#! +#s rac("3#s % A!(r#!a, M#+"s' 8

Sa+"?a!#@. D"7r!c"ar +#s a)$cars r%$c(#rs % +#s !# r%$c(#rs,

$("+")a!%# +#s rac("3#s % F'+"! 8 T#++!s.

Vr":car +a 6r$&a % 7#rmac"! % #sa)#!as c#! +a+$c#sa, 7r$c(#sa 8 sacar#sa.

C#m6r#&ar +a rac("3"%a% % +a s#+$c"! % sacar#sa'"%r#+")a%a.

I%!(":car + a+m"%! m%"a!( s$ racc"! c#! $!as#+$c"! % 8#%#.



MARCO TEORICOCARBO(IDRATOS

E+ 6a!, +as 6a6as, + arr#), + ma;), +#s %$+cs 8 +as 7r$(as s#!r"c#s ! car&#'"%ra(#s. E++#s s#! +a 7$!( % !r;a m5s"m6#r(a!( %+ c$r6#, 6r#38!%# %+ =0 a+ 0B % +asca+#r;as ! $!a %"(a (;6"ca % 6a;s %sarr#++a%# 8 crca %+0B % +as ca+#r;as "!r"%as 6#r +#s 'a&"(a!(s % +#s 6a;ss

s$&%sarr#++a%#s c#m# + !$s(r#. L#s car&#'"%ra(#s s(5! c#m6$s(#s !(ram!( 6#rcar&#!#, '"%r!# 8 #>;!#. S$ !#m&r s %r"3a % +acr!c"a a!("$a *$ ++#s c#!s"s(;a! % car&#!# '"%ra(a%#,s(# s, car&#!# $!"%# a m#+9c$+as % a$a. #8 sa&m#s*$ s(# s "!c#rrc(#, 6r# + !#m&r 6rma!c".

#8, + (9rm"!# car&#'"%ra(# s r:r a m#+9c$+as *$c#!("!! 3ar"#s r$6#s a+c#'#+ O 8 a%m5s, # $! r$6#

a+%';%# CO # $! r$6# c(#!a CO, c#!#c"%#s c#m#a)cars. E+ (am&"9! "!c+$8 a s$s(a!c"as m5s c#m6+as *$racc"#!a! c#! a$a 6r#cs# ++ama%# '"%r#+"s"s, 6r#%$c"!%#(a+s m#+9c$+as.

D&"%# a *$ s$s !$mr#s#s r$6#s 6#+ars O, 7#rma!!+acs # 6$!(s % '"%r!# c#! +as m#+9c$+as % a$a,



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(#%#s +#s a)cars ("!%! a sr s#+$&+s ! a$a. Es(#>6+"ca 6#r *$9 + a)car % msa, +a sacar#sa, s %"s$+3 !$!a (a)a % ca79 8 6#r *$9 #s a)cars 6$%! sr $sa%#sr56"%am!( 6#r + c$r6# 6ara #&(!r !r;a "!s(a!(5!a.

L#s car&#'"%ra(#s, c#!#c"%#s (am&"9! c#m# +c"%#s, s#!a)cars s"m6+s, c#m# +a +$c#sa # +a 7r$c(#sa # 6#+;mr#s% $!"%a%s % a)cars, c#m# + a+m"%! %"s("&+ 8 +a"!%"s("&+ c+$+#sa. S c+as":ca! ! 7$!c"! %+ !mr# %$!"%a%s +a%r"++# % a)car ! s$s m#+9c$+as, c#m#

m#!#sac5r"%#s, %"sac5r"%#s # 6#+"sac5r"%#s.

Mono#%)ri*o#S carac(r")a! 6#r (!r r$6#s '"%r#>"+#s 8 $! r$6#a+%'"%# # c(#!a, % a*$; *$ 6$%a! c+as":cars c#m#a+%#sas # c(#sas, rs6c("3am!(. S! + !mr# %5(#m#s % C 6$%! c+as":cars ! (r"#sas - C, 6!(#sas =C 8 '>#sas C. E+ s"$"!( c$a%r# m$s(ra m6+#s %m#!#sac5r"%#s c+as":ca%#s *$;m"cam!(.



E#tereoi#o+er& *e !o# +ono#%)ri*o#

T#%#s +#s m#!#sac5r"%#s 6#s! $!# # m5s 5(#m#s % C

as"m9(r"c#s, s %c"r, 6#r $! +a%# 6rs!(a! $! 8 6#r +#(r# +a%# $! O 6#r (a!(#, 6$%! m#s(rar ac("3"%a% 6("ca<%>(r# D, r#(a +a +$) 6#+ar")a%a 'ac"a +a %rc'a +3# L'ac"a +a ")*$"r%a.

Es %>(r# c$a!%# + # +#s r$6#s '"%r#>"+#s $!"%#s a+ C

as"m9(r"c# s(5! 'ac"a +a %rc'a. L3#, 'ac"a +a ")*$"r%a. A%m5s, %!(r# % $! m"sm# ("6# D L % c#m6$s(#s6$%! 6rs!(ars 3ar"ac"#!s ++ama%as "smr#s. J#rm6+# <



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J#r +("m#, ! + cas# % a)cars % = 8 car&#!s, 6$%!6rs!(ars ! s#+$c"! 7#rmas ! a!"++#s 8 s(ar !*$"+"&r"# c#! 7#rmas +"!a+s.

Em6+# <

Di#%)ri*o#



10

S#! car&#'"%ra(#s 7#rma%#s 6#r +a c#!%!sac"! % 2m#!mr#s % '>#sa. C#!%!sac"! s + 6r#cs# *$;m"c#6#r + c$a+ s 6"r% $!a m#+9c$+a % a$a 6#r a6#r( % s$s+m!(#s %s% +as %#s m#+9c$+as % m#!mr#s < $!#

a6#r(a + 8 + #(r# + O. E+ !+ac 6r#%$c"%# % s(ama!ra s %!#m"!a +$c#s;%"c#.

Eje+$!o# :

Condensación de una molécula de glucosa con una de

fructuosa produce sacarosa

E+ 6r#cs# *$;m"c# "!3rs#, s %c"r, a/a%"r a$a a $!%"sac5r"%# s ++ama '"%r+"s"s.

Es +# *$ s$c% a +a m#+9c$+a % sacar#sa c$a!%# a+arar a$a #r""!a +$c#sa 8 7r$c($#sa, s"!%# +a +$c#sa +aM#+9c$+a $("+")a%a 6#r + #ra!"sm# c#m# 6r"!c"6a+ 7$!( %!r;a.



11

Po!i#%)ri*o#

E! !ra+, a +#s c#m6$s(#s car&#'"%ra(#s *$ c#!("!! 2a $!"%a%s % m#!mr#s s +s %!#m"!a #+"#sac5r"%#s.

L#s 6#+"sac5r"%#s s#! m#!#sac5r"%#s $!"%#s !(r s; 6#r!+acs +$c#s;%"c#s 7#rma!%# +aras ca%!as *$ 6$%!6rs!(ar ramas.

Las 6r"!c"6a+s 7$!c"#!s % +#s 6#+"sac5r"%#s ! +#s s"s(mas 3"3#s s r+ac"#!a! c#! +a rsr3a a+"m!("c"a 8 +a s(r$c($ra.L#s r5!$+#s s 6$%! "%!(":car a+ MO ("/"9!%#+#s c#! $!as#+$c"! % 8#%#.

La 6a6a, 6#r m6+#, c#!("! a+m"%! 6r#%$c"%# a 6ar("r%+ a)car 7#rma%# ! +as '#as 3r%s % +a 6+a!(a m%"a!(+ 6r#cs# % +a 7#(#s;!(s"s. E+ a+m"%! s +a 7#rma 6r"!c"6a+% a+mac!am"!(# % a+"m!(# ! +a ma8#r;a % +as 6+a!(as.S %6#s"(a c#m# ra!%s r5!$+#s ! +#s c+#r#6+as(#s %



12

a+$!as 6+a!(as 3r%s # ! +$c#6+as(#s "!c#+#r#s % ra;),(a++# 8 #(r#s ("%#s 3(a+s.

E+ +$c!# s +a 7#rma %

a+mac!am"!(# % a+"m!(# !+#s a!"ma+s. Es(5 7#rma%# 6#rcrca % -0.000 $!"%a%s %+$c#sa $!"%as 7#rma!%# $!s*$+(# +"!a+ %+ c$a+ s#r""!a! ramas. E! 3r(&ra%#s, ++$c!# s !c$!(raa+mac!a%# 6r"!c"6a+m!( ! + ';a%# 8 + ("%# m$sc$+ar.

E+ %6s"(# 8 rm#c"! %s% +as c9+$+as ("! $! c#!(r#+'#rm#!a+, c#m# +# %(a++a + s"$"!( s*$ma<

L %e!,!o# s +a m#+9c$+a s(r$c($ra+ m5s "m6#r(a!( %+as 6+a!(as. Es(5 c#!7#rma%a 6#r m$c'as m#+9c$+as %+$c#sa *$ c#!s("($8! $!a s(r$c($ra +ara !#ram":ca%a. La ma%ra s cas" $! =0 B c+$+#sa 8 +a+#%! s c+$+#sa 6$ra. Las m#+9c$+as % c+$+#sa7#rma! +a 6ar( :&r#sa % +a 6ar% >(r"#r % +as c9+$+as

3(a+s. Jara s(#, m#+9c$+as % c+$+#sa 7#rma! 'acs



1-

% ca%!as 6ara++as s(a&+c"!%# !+acs % c#! O% ca%!as 3c"!as.

L -,itin s $! 6#+"sac5r"%# !"(r#!a%# !# ram":ca%#

7#rma%# 6#r rs"%$#s % Nac("++$c#sam"!a, $! %r"3a%#% +a +$c#sa. La *$"("!a s !c$!(ra ! 6ar%s c+$+ars% '#!#s 8 ! + >#s*$+(# % +#s "!3r(&ra%#s.

E>"s(! 6#+"sac5r"%#s c#m6+#s *$ 6#s! ! s$ m#+9c$+ar$6#s 5c"%#s, cas# % +#s m$c#6#+"sac5r"%#s 5c"%#s,++ama%#s +$c#sam"!#+$ca!#s. Es(#s 6$%! c#!(!rr$6#s 5c"%#s s$+7a(a%#s.

Em6+#s < El condroitinsulfato presente en el cartílago, piel,

córnea, cordón umbilical, etc; heparina, sustancia

anticoagulante; ácido hialurónico, en piel.



14

Pro$ie**e# -,&+i%#Las racc"#!s *$;m"cas % +#s car&#'"%ra(#s, s#! %&"%as a+#s r$6#s C O 8 O +#s c$a+s s#! s$sc6("&+s a +a#>"%ac"! 8 ! + cas# %+ r$6# car&#!"+# (am&"9! 6r#%$cracc"#!s % a%"c"! !$c+#:+"ca.

A%m5s (!m#s #(r#s ("6#s % racc"#!s c#! rac("3#ss6c;:c#s c#! +#s c$a+s +#s car&#'"%ra(#s 7#rma!c#m6$s(#s c#m6+#s c#+#ra%#s, *$ s $("+")a! 6ara s$"%!(":cac"!.

Re%%ione# gen.ri%# *e %rbo/i*rto#"

S %!#m"!a! racc"#!s !9r"cas a a*$++as *$ s"r3!6ara "%!(":car a $! r$6# %(rm"!a%# % c#m6$s(#s.

L#s car&#'"%ra(#s racc"#!a! c#! +#s rac("3#s % a!(r#!a,M#+"sc', 8 Sa+"?a!#@ (#%#s ! m%"# 5c"%# 6ara %arc#m6+#s c#+#ra%#s % s(r$c($ra %sc#!#c"%a, m%"a!(+#s c$a+s 6$%! "%!(":cars # %"7r!c"ars % #(r#sc#m6$s(#s.

L#s car&#'"%ra(#s ! 6rs!c"a % 5c"%#s 7$r(s s%s'"%ra(a! 7#rma!%# + 7$r7$ra+ # %r"3a%#s % 9s(, +#sc$a+s racc"#!a! c#! +#s rac("3#s 8a m!c"#!a%#s 6ara %ar+#s c#m6$s(#s % s(r$c($ra c#m6+a.



1=

Re%%ione# e#$e%&'%# *e %rbo/i*rto#

O0i*%i1n

L#s car&#'"%ra(#s racc"#!a! 75c"+m!( c#! a!(s#>"%a!(s s$a3s c#m# +#s rac("3#s % F'+"! 8 % T#++!s,+#s c$a+s s $("+")a! 6ara +a #>"%ac"! % a+%'"%#s a 5c"%#scar&#>"+"c#s.

E! + cas# % +#s car&#'"%ra(#s (!m#s *$ racc"#!a! (a!(#a+%#sas c#m# c(#sas, 6#r +# *$ s(#s rac("3#s !# s#!a%c$a%#s 6ara s$ %"7r!c"ac"!

I#o+eri2%i1n

Las c(#sas (am&"9! r%$c! +#s rac("3#s % F'+"! 8T#++!s, c#m6#r(am"!(# *$ s carac(r;s("c# % +as '"%r#c(#sas +as c$a+s ! 6rs!c"a % 5+ca+" s "s#mr")a!a $! !#%"#+ *$ a s$ 3) s "s#mr")a a a+%#sa.



1

3or+%i1n *e o#2on#"Las a+%#sas 8 c(#sas racc"#!a! c#! 7!"+'"%rac"!a 6ara %ar7!"+'"%ra)#!as c#m# c$a+*$"r a+%';%# # c(#!a.

S" s m6+a $! >cs# % 7!"+'"%rac"!a, +a racc"!c#!("!a 'as(a %ar 6r#%$c(#s c#!#c"%#s c#m# #sa)#!as. Es(aracc"! s (;6"ca % (#%#s +#s c#m6$s(#s '"%r#>"

a+%'"%#s 8 '"%r#>"c(#!as.

E! + cas# % 7#rmar #sa)#!as (am&"9! s !csar"# *$ +car&#'"%ra(# 6#sa $! r$6# car&#!"+# ra+ # 6#(!c"a+ +"&r.

(i*r1!i#i#

L#s #+"#sac5r"%#s 8 6#+"sac5r"%#s 6$%! s$7r"r racc"#!s% '"%r+"s"s ca(a+")a%a c#! 5c"%#s # !)"mas, ! %#!% sr#m6! +#s !+acs +"c#s;%"c#s 6ara +"&rar m#!#sac5r"%#s.



1H

3or+%i1n *e %o+$!ejo# *e !+i*1n %on 4o*o"

E+ a+m"%! 7#rma $! c#m6$s(# % c#+#r a)$+ "!(!s# c$a!%#s 'ac racc"#!ar c#! I2 I. Es(# s %& a +a 7racc"! %

am"+#sa *$ a&s#r& % 120 B ! 6s# % 8#%#.E+ 6r#%$c(# a)$+ s $! c#m6+# % "!c+$s"! ! + c$a+ +asm#+9c$+as % 8#%# !(ra! ! +#s s6ac"#s % +a am"+#sa, +ac$a+ ! s#+$c"! s !c$!(ra !r#++a%a ! 7#rma % '9+"c,%a!%# ! s$ "!(r"#r s$:c"!( s6ac"# 6ara ac#m#%ar +asm#+9c$+as % 8#%#.



1

PROCEDIMIENTO E5PERIMENTAL



1K

OBSERVACIONES



20

CONCLUSIONES



21

REFERENCIA BIBLIOGRAFICA

P)gin# 6eb %on#,!t*#:

'((6<???.sc"!(":c6s8c'"c.c#m:(!sscar&#'"%ra(#s2.'(m+ '((6<&"&m%.$c+a.%$.3%#cs&m$c+ama(r"a+%"%ac("c#c+$+arCa

r&#'"%ra(#s '((6<P"!s"#+#"a2010.&+"##.c+m%"a$srsH-K4:+s21KHs

s"#!2

Libro# %on#,!t*o#:

Q$;m"ca #ra!"ca K , E%"c"#!s E!3a – Caracas, autor: REG!" R"#R$GE% G$&"'

Q$;m"ca K, E%"(#r"a+ Ac($a+"%a% Esc#+ar 2000 – caracas, autor: &iguel (. )olí*ar



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