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CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS Section 3-3a (p. 55-56 & 58-59)

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Page 1: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS

Section 3-3a (p. 55-56 & 58-59)

Page 2: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Essential Questions

1. Identify the monomer, polymers and primary

function of carbohydrates. (Essential Skill 1-3)

2. Identify the monomers, polymers and

primary function of lipids. (Essential Skill 1-3)

Page 3: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

CarbohydratesSugars & Starches & Fiber

Page 4: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Function of Carbohydrates

Used for short-term energy in all organisms and for

structure in plants.

Page 5: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)=

monomer of carbohydrates

Mono- = one

Examples

Glucose (C6H12O6) = sugar used as an energy source in all cells.

Other Examples: Fructose (Fruit sugar) & Galactose(Milk sugar)

Isomers – molecules with the same atoms that are arranged differently

Many monosaccharides are isomers

Page 6: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Disaccharides (sugars) =

2 monosaccharides linked together.

Di- = two

Examples: Lactose (milk

sugar) & Sucrose (table

sugar)

Page 7: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Polysaccharides (Starches & Complex Carbs.) =

3 or more monosaccharides linked.

Poly- = Many

Examples

Glycogen = Used as

energy storage in

animals (stored

glucose)

Cellulose = Used to

form the cell wall of

plants.

Page 8: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Lipids

Page 9: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Function: Used for long-term energy

storage.

Page 10: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Monomers of Lipids (there are 2)

Glycerol = monomer

that can hold 3 fatty

acids

Fatty Acids = long

chains of C & H.

Page 11: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Polymers of Lipids

Triglyceride =

normal energy

storage lipid

3 fatty acids & 1

glycerol

Page 12: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Other Classes of Lipids to Know

Phospholipids = used to make all cell membranes.

Steroids = chemical messengers.

Cholesterol = strengthens cell membranes.

Page 13: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats

Saturated = animal fat solid at room temp.

“bad fat”

no double bonds in fatty acid (straight molecule

Unsaturated = plant fat liquid at room temp.

“good fat”

has double bonds in fatty acid (bent molecule)

Page 14: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Hydrogenated/Trans Fat

Unsaturated fat that

food companies turn

into saturated fat, for

better “look” of food

or preservation.

BAD! Linked to heart

disease.

Page 15: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Some fat is good!

Healthy levels of fat

are needed for:

insulation

organ protection

long –term energy

storage

Page 16: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

What happens when you have too much

bad fat

Page 17: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

75% blockage

Page 18: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Cross section of arteries

Page 19: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid
Page 20: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid

Bypass

Surgery

Page 21: CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High Schoolwhs.rocklinusd.org/subsites/Biology/documents/Biology... · 2013-12-12 · Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated = animal fat solid