carboline alkaloids. 1- rauwolfia alkaloids source: rauwolfia roots (rauwolfia serpentina, fam....
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Carboline AlkaloidsCarboline Alkaloids
NH
N
1- 1- RauwolfiaRauwolfia Alkaloids Alkaloids
Source:Source: RauwolfiaRauwolfia roots roots ( (Rauwolfia serpentina, Rauwolfia serpentina, Fam. ApocynaceaeFam. Apocynaceae))
Constituents:Constituents: The most important are Reserpine and The most important are Reserpine and Rescinnamine.Rescinnamine.
Properties:Properties: ReserpineReserpine and and related alkaloidsrelated alkaloids are are weakly basic diester, weakly basic diester,
tertiary alkaloidstertiary alkaloids and possess a carboxylic group on and possess a carboxylic group on ring "E".ring "E".
NH
NH3CO
H3COOC OR
R= 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid ReserpineR= 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid Recinnamine
E
Alkaline Hydrolysis:Alkaline Hydrolysis:1- 1- ReserpineReserpine → → reserpicreserpic acidacid + + trimethoxybenzoictrimethoxybenzoic acid + acid + methanol.methanol.
2- 2- RecinnamineRecinnamine → → reserpicreserpic acidacid + + trimethoxycinnamictrimethoxycinnamic acid + acid + methanolmethanol..
Its solution acquires a yellow color and a pronounced fluorescence Its solution acquires a yellow color and a pronounced fluorescence especially after the addition of acids or upon exposure to light.especially after the addition of acids or upon exposure to light.
Tests for reserpine:Tests for reserpine: Vanillin /HCl reagent: → violet color.Vanillin /HCl reagent: → violet color.
Sodium molybdate in HSodium molybdate in H22SOSO44 → Yellow → Blue in two minutes. → Yellow → Blue in two minutes.
Uses:Uses: ReserpineReserpine and the related alkaloidand the related alkaloid rescinnaminerescinnamine are mainly used as are mainly used as
antihypertensives (250-500 mg daily) and as tranquilizersantihypertensives (250-500 mg daily) and as tranquilizers (0.1- 1mg (0.1- 1mg or more daily).or more daily).
2- 2- YohimbeYohimbe Alkaloids Alkaloids Source:Source: Yohimbine occurs in the barks of the West Yohimbine occurs in the barks of the West
African tree African tree Pausinystalia yohimbe =Pausinystalia yohimbe = Coryanthe Coryanthe yohimba, yohimba, Fam. RubiaceaeFam. Rubiaceae..
Constituents:Constituents: About 6% total alkaloids, the major is YohimbineAbout 6% total alkaloids, the major is Yohimbine ..
Tests:Tests:1- 1- Yohimbine + HYohimbine + H22SOSO44 + crystals of K + crystals of K22CrCr22OO77 → violet → violet streaks → blue → green streaks → blue → green
2- Yohimbine + Mandalin's2- Yohimbine + Mandalin's reagent → blue color → greenreagent → blue color → green Uses:Uses:
Yohimbine is mainly used as an aphrodisiac drug.Yohimbine is mainly used as an aphrodisiac drug.
NH
N
OH
H3COOC