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Diamond chips Diamond chips are now ready for mass production. 10/26/2022 1 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE

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Page 1: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 1

Diamond chipsDiamond chips are now ready for

mass production.

Page 2: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 2

Introduction:- Electronics without silicon is unbelievable, but it

will come true with evolution of diamond or carbon chip.

Now-a-days we are using silicon for manufacturing of electronic chips.

It has many disadvantages when it is used in power electronic applications, such as bulk size, slow operating speeds, etc…

By using carbon as manufacturing material, we can achieve smaller, faster and stronger chips

Page 3: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 3

What is diamond chip?What is Diamond chip? Diamond chip is nothing

but carbon chip. Carbon

chip is an electronic chip

manufactured on a

diamond structural carbon

wafer. The major component

using Carbon is (cnt)

”CARBON NANOTUBE”

•  

Page 4: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE

Form of carbon for diamond chip

Dean Freeman, senior analyst

at Gartner, said that diamonds are

a geek's best friend and will probably

be the first carbon chip seen. He said work had been going on graphene

chip using diamond chips for 15 years

and thus diamond is the closest form

of carbon-based chip to becoming

commercialized.

silicon chip

4

Page 5: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 5

Contd 2...

Diamond offers 10 times the heat dissipation of silicon and has been used for 40nm to 15µ diamond films on silicon wafers.

Fig. Heat dissipation curve of silico and diamond.

Page 6: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 6

Semiconductors fabbed using carbon

could kill off silicon chips by attaining

10 times better electron mobility.

Fig.Electron hole mobility for carbon

Fig. Electron hole mobility for silicon

Page 7: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 7

What is a carbon nanotube???

Carbon nanotubes were

discovered in 1991. It is a nano - size cylinder

of carbon atoms. They are made of one or several

concentric walls in which carbon atoms

are arranged in hexagonal pattern,

measuring several tens of microns in

length and less than a few nanometers

in diameter.

Page 8: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 8

How nanotechnology works?

Imagine a sheet of carbon

atoms, which would look like

a sheet of hexagons. If you roll that sheet into a

tube, you'd have a carbon

nanotube. Carbon nanotube properties

depend on how you roll the

sheet.

Page 9: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 9

CARBON FEATURES…   Carbon will succeed

silicon as the predominate

semiconducting material for

the integrated circuits of the future. Carbon--which sits just above

silicon on the periodic table can

surpass silicon’s abilities in thermal

performance, frequency range and

perhaps even superconductivity.

Page 10: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 10

• One-dimensional carbon-

1nm-diameter nanotubes—could

solve digital silicon's speed woes. • Nanotubes will appear first as

printable "inks" that are 10 times

faster than competing organic

transistors.• Zero-dimensional carbon-

-60-atom, hollow spheres of

carbon called fullerenes—could

answer silicon's inability to attain

high-temperature superconductivity.

Page 11: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 11

Carbon transistors:- Transistors less than one-quarter the size of

the tiniest silicon ones - and potentially

more efficient - can be made using sheets of

carbon just one-tenth of a nanometre thick,

research shows. The transistors are made of graphene, a

sheet of carbon atoms in a flat honeycomb

arrangement. Graphene makes graphite

when stacked in layers,and carbon nanotubes

when rolled into a tube. Graphene also conducts electricity faster

than most materials since electrons can travel

through in straight lines between atoms without

being scattered. This could ultimately mean faster,

more efficient electronic components that also require

less power.

Page 12: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 12

When placed a piece of graphene

on top of silicon and positioned this

over a metallic grate. Acid was used to dissolve the silicon,

leaving graphene suspended across

500 nm gaps. A transmission electron microscope

then revealed it is covered in tiny ripples,

which keep the material stable. The ripples extend about 1 nm up and

down and are around 25 nm across.

It's not flat at all.. Sheets of graphene are a single carbon

atom thick and have a wavy structure that

keeps them stable

 

Page 13: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 13

Advantages:-SMALLER COMPONENTS ARE POSSIBLE As the size of the carbon atom is small compared with that of silicon atom,

it is possible to etch very smaller lines through diamond structural carbon. We can realize a transistor whose size is one in hundredth of silicon transistor.

IT WORKS AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE Diamond is very strongly bonded material. It can withstand higher

temperatures compared with that of silicon. At very high temperature, crystal structure of the silicon will collapse. But diamond chip can function well in these elevated temperatures.

Diamond is very good conductor of heat. So if there is any heat dissipation inside the chip, heat will very quickly

transferred to the heat sink or other cooling mechanics.

Page 14: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 14

FASTER THAN SILICON CHIP Carbon chip works faster than silicon chip. Mobility of the

electrons inside the doped diamond structural carbon is higher than that of in he silicon structure. As the size of the silicon is higher than that of carbon, the chance of collision of electrons with larger silicon atoms increases. But the carbon atom size is small, so the chance of collision decreases.

LARGER POWER HANDLING CAPACITY For power electronics application silicon is used, but it has

many disadvantages such as bulk in size, slow operating speed, less efficiency, lower band gap etc at very high voltages silicon structure will collapse. Diamond has a strongly bonded crystal structure. So carbon chip can work under high power environment.. We can connect high power circuit direct to the diamond chip

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Page 15: Carbon Chips

04/11/2023 yogita pal Deptt. of ECE 15

Conclusion:-

Thus diamond chip replaces the need of silicon in every aspect in future generations…..

Page 16: Carbon Chips

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Page 17: Carbon Chips

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Queries??