carbon-footprint based merit analysis of ammonia as hydrogen
TRANSCRIPT
E3Tec Service, LLC 1
Carbon-Footprint Based Merit Analysis of Ammonia as
Hydrogen Carrier and for Energy Storage
C. B. Panchal
E3Tec Service, LLC
www.e3-tec.com
NH3 2015 Conference
Argonne National Laboratory
E3Tec Service, LLC 2
Investing Existing Finite Carbon-Based
Energy & Material Sources on Future
Sustained Energy Supplies
E3Tec Service, LLC 3
Presentation Outline
Today’s NH3 Market and Production
Energy Consumption in Commercial Process
Energy Consumption using Renewable Energy
C-Footprint Profile of NH3 Production
C-Footprint Frame Work of NH3 End Use
Summary & Recommendations
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Today’s NH3 Market & Production
Global Production ~ 156 Million Metric Ton/y (MMTA)
Global production based on NG, Petroleum Product &
Coal
US Consumption ~ 16 MMTA
Production ~ 9.6 MMTA (NG feed stock)
Average 2015 price in Midwest $500 to $650/T
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Commercial NH3 Production Based on NG SynGas Process
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Energy Consumption:
Process Heat 7,250 kWh/T NH3
Electricity (Primary energy) 1,825 kWh/T NH3
Total 9,075 kWh/T NH3
Ref: Energy & Environment Profile of the US Chemical Industry, DOE Report, 2000
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NH3 Production Using Renewable Energy
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OTEC Power
Electrolyzer
Ammonia
Reactor
Heat Recovery
Boiler
Feed/Effluent
Heat Exchanger
Compressor
Ammonia Storage at -33C
PreCooler
Air Separation
Unit
Oxygen Oxygen
Steam to Refrigeration
Compressors
Air
Purified
Water
Steam from
Heat Recovery Boiler
Ammonia
Compressor
High Pressure
Separation Drum
Recycle
Compressor
OTEC Power
Ammonia Cooled
Condenser
Letdown
Valve
Cooling
Water
Reflux Vent
Condenser
Water-Cooled
Condenser
OTEC Power
OTEC Power
P-59
Energy Consumption for OTEC Plantship:
Electricity (Haber-Bosch Process) 8,917 kWh/T NH3
Electricity (NHThree™ Solid State Process) 7,000 kWh/T NH3
Ref: OTEC Plantships for Production of Ammonia as Hydrogen Carrier, ANL Report,
2009
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NH3 Production Using OTEC Plantships Energy Profile
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130 MW
30.1 MW
4.9232
93.5 MW 1.7 MW
4.73 MW 48 kWh/kg 250 hp
51 MM Btu/h
1948 kg/h
2.15 MW
103 MM Btu/h
2.33 MW
385 hp
1602 hp
33 MM Btu/h
.245 MW
967 hp
11038 kg/h
.235 MW
264.9 MTD
H2
O2
13.8 KV
Distribution4.16 KV
Distribution
OTEC
Auxiliaries
Propulsion &
Ship Services
Elctrolysis
Sysyem
48 kWh/kg H2
Water
Purification
Evaporation
Distilled water
Heat
Waste heat
Seawater
OTEC
Power
Generation
460 V
Distribution
Air Liquefaction
Air
Cold water
for cooling
Syngas
Compressors
N2
Ammonia
Synthesis
Plant
Closed
Cooling
System
Steam
Plant
Waste heat
Ammonia
Refrigeration
Steam Power
Ammonia
Storage
NH3
Ammonia
Heat
Motor &
Ancillary
Loads
OTEC NH3
Makeup
Waste heat
Steam Power
Heat
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Significance of C-Footprint Analysis
Focus on long-term realistic scenario of NH3 as hydrogen carrier and
energy storage
Realistic C-Footprint analysis without performing an extensive Life
Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Identifies elements of high C-Footprint that would suggest alternate
approach of production and end uses
Identifies opportunities of energy efficiency and alternate energy
sources – such as combined heat and power or process intensification
or renewable energy
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C-Footprint Analysis
Process Block Diagram of NG-Based Commercial Plants
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Air Separation
Unit
NG Feed
Nitrogen
Oxygen & Other
Gases
SynGas Process
Haber-
Bosch
Reactor
Electricity
Usage
Air
Ammonia
Storage
Heat
Recovery &
Cooling
Fuel - NG
Refrigeraiton
System
CO2 Emission
Ammonia Synthesis Process Block Diagram
Mass Flow Energy Flow
Waste
Water
Byproducts
Electric
Usage
Compressor
Ammonia +
Unreacted
Gases
Cooling Water
CO2/CO
Emission
Electricity
Usage
Hydrogen
Steam
Generation
Compressor
Electric
Usage
Boundary Limit
Electric
Usage
Recycle
Unreacted
Gases
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C-Footprint Analysis
Process Block Diagram of NH3 Synthesis using Renewable Energy
10
Air Separation
Unit
Water
Nitrogen
Oxygen & Other
Gases
Elecrolyzer
Haber-
Bosch
Reactor
Electricity
Usage
Air
Ammonia
Storage
Heat
Recovery &
Cooling
Refrigeraiton
System
CO2 Emission
Ammonia Synthesis Process Block Diagram
Mass Flow Energy Flow
Waste
Water
Byproducts
Electric
Usage
Compressor
Ammonia +
Unreacted
Gases
Cooling Water
Oxygen
Electricity
Usage
Hydrogen
Purified
Water
Compressor
Electric
Usage
Boundary Limit
Electric
Usage
Recycle
Unreacted
Gases
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Commercial Haber-Bosch Process
CO2 Emission (Global scale) 2.4 T CO2/T NH3
CO2 Emission (Energy Efficient) 1.7 T CO2/T NH3
Global NH3 Production ~ 156 MMTA
CO2 Emission ~ 375 MMTA
Renewable Energy (Electricity from Renewable Energy, such as OTEC)
Haber-Bosch Process 8.9 MWh/T NH3
Solid State NH3 Synthesis 7.0 MWh/T NH3
Need to perform C-Footprint analysis for renewable energy to determine
cross-over period when CO2 emission occurred in manufacturing of
renewable energy system is balanced out for net CO2 emission reduction
C-Footprint NH3 Production
Initial Target for Global Reduction of CO2 Emission
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NH3 End Uses
Fertilizer and Chemicals
Replacing commercial C-based production
Direct Combustion Fuel
Replacing petroleum liquid transportation fuel
Hydrogen Carrier
H2 fuel-cell – transportation and distributed power generation
Replacing H2 from NG in petroleum and petrochemical industry
Electric Power
Combustion turbine – most likley combined cycle
Fuel-cell power
Need to perform C-Footprint analysis for merit-based
justification of NH3 end uses
12
E3Tec Service, LLC 13
Summary
Initial target should be to replace C-based NH3 production for
fertilizer and chemical applications
NH3 is a promising candidate for effective utilization of renewable
energy such as OTEC
C-Footprint can be performed for production and end-use of NH3
without full Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) that would accelerate NH3 as
energy and hydrogen carrier
Last comment is based on on-going two projects of conversion of
captured CO2 to value-added alkyl carbonates
E3Tec Service, LLC 14
Suggestive Recommendations
Global initiative for green NH3 production with specific targets
First target to replace NH3 plants using coal and petroleum
products
C-Footprint analysis for NH3 production and end uses that would
justify emerging technologies
The island states could be the first target for introducing the NH3-
based energy technologies
E3Tec Service, LLC 15
Investing Existing Finite Carbon-Based
Energy & Material Sources on Future
Sustained Energy Supplies