carbon. fun, fast facts atomic number: 6 atomic mass: 12.01 atomic symbol: c classification:...
TRANSCRIPT
CARBON
FUN, FAST FACTS ATOMIC NUMBER: 6
ATOMIC MASS: 12.01
ATOMIC SYMBOL: CCLASSIFICATION:
NON-METALLICCOLOR: BLACK,
COLORLESS
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
HISTORY OF CARBON THIS ELEMENT OF PREHISTORIC
DISCOVERY IS FOUND THROUGHOUT NATURE
FOUND IN STARS, SUN, COMETS, ATOMSPHERES
THE ENERGY OF THE SUN AND THE STARS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE CARBON CYCLE
3 TYPES OF CARBON CARBON CAN BE
FOUND IN THREE DIFFERENT FORMS:– GRAPHITE– DIAMONDS– FULLERENE (aka
BUCKYBALLS)
CARBON AS GRAPHITE
GREAT GRAPHITELAYERED ATOMIC STRUCTURE-
THERFORE PRODUCES A WEAK FORCE, AND IS EXTREMELY BREAKABLE
SOFT, SLIPPERYMOST COMMONLY USED AS PENCIL
LEAD
CARBON DIAMONDS
DIAMOND DATADIAMONDS HAVE AN ATOMIC SHAPE
THAT ENSURES A TIGHT BONDEACH CARBON ATOM IS THE SAME
DISTANCE FROM ANOTHER ATOMDIAMONDS ARE USED FOR CUTTING
HARD OBJECTS AND FOR DECORATION (JEWELERY)
FULLERENE-ALSO KNOWN AS
THE ‘BUCKYBALL”-RECENTLY
DISCOVERED-CONSISTS OF 60
CARBON ATOMS-C60
-STILL BEING RESEARCHED
“BUCKYBALL” THIS COMPLEX MOLECULE CAN BE ALTERED
WITH A SINGLE ATOM TO CHANGE ITS PROPERTIES
NAMED AFTER ROBERT BUCKMINISTER FULLER
THIS MOLECULE HAS BEEN MAKING HEADLINES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AND HOW THE DRUG INDUSTRY HAS INTEREST IN IT
COSTS OF CARBON
-AS OF 1990, CARBON-13 WAS COMMERICIALLY AVAILABLE AT A COST OF ABOUT $700/GRAM.
CARBON CYCLE
CARBON IN THE LITHOSPHERE PLANTS ABSORB
CARBON DIOXIDE FROM ATMOSPHERE, AND USE IT TO MAKE SUBSTANCES NEEDED FOR GROWTH
PHOTOSYNTHESIS INCORPORATES CARBON ATOMS FROM C02 TO SUGARS
LITHOSPHERE CONT. ANIMALS (RABBIT) EAT PLANTS AND USE
CARBON TO BUILD TISSUES OTHER ANIMALS (FOX) EAT RABBIT AND
USE CARBON FOR OWN NEEDS ANIMALS RETURN C02 INTO AIR WHEN
THEY BREATHE, AND WHEN THEY DIE (BECAUSE CARBON IS RETURED TO SOIL DURING DECOMPOSITION)
CARBON IN THE HYDROSPHERE C02 ABSORBED INTO
BODIES OF H20 SOME OF DISSOLVED
C02 REMAINS IN WATER WHILE SOME IS USED BY ALGAE AND PHYTOPLANKTON THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MOLLUSCS (MUSSELS, CLAMS AND OYSTERS) MAKE SHELLS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE FROM C02
HYDROSPHERE CONTINUEDONCE MUSSLES DIE, SHELLS FALL
TO BOTTOM WITH HARD CALCIUM CARBONATE AND BECOMES COMPRESSED, CEMENTED TOGETHER, AND EVENTUALLY FOSSILISED INTO ROCKS LIKE CHALK, LIMESTONE, AND MARBLE
CARBON IN THE ATMOSPHERE COMBUSTION
OCCURS WHEN ORGANIC MATERIAL IS REACTED (BURNED) IN PRESENCE OF OXYGEN TO GIVE OFF C02
-DURING CONBUSTION, OXYGEN IS USED AND CABON DIOXIDE IS PRODUCED PLUS WATER
SMOKESTACK ORGANIC
MATERIAL CAN BE ANY FOSSIL FUEL SUCH AS NATURAL GAS, (METHANE) OIL, OR COAL
PHOTOSYNTHESISCARBON
DIOXIDE+ WATER
(h20) -> CARBOHYDRATE+ OXYGEN
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATIONCARBOHYDRATE + OXYGEN-> CARBON DIOXIDE + OXYGEN
CALCIUM CARBONATE
CALCIUM CARBONATE-> CALCIUM OXIDE + CARBON DIOXIDE
OIL AND COAL WHEN TREES DIE,
THEY FALL INTO SWAMPY MUD, WITH A LACK OF OXYGEN. THEREFORE, NORMAL DECOMPOSITION CANNOT OCCUR
OIL AND COAL II TREES BECOME
FOSSILISED (COAL IS THEN FORMED)
OIL FORMS FROM TINY DEAD PLANTS TRAPPED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN OR MURKY WATER
RELATE COAL TO CARBON THE PROCESS IN WHICH OIL AND
COAL ARE MADE, IS RELATIVE TO THE CARBON CYCLE BECAUSE ALL LIVING ORGANISMS AND THE PROCESSES ARE MADE UP OF CARBON
RECAP OF CYCLES
HYDROSPHERE, LITHOSPHERE, AND ATMOSPHERE AGAIN!
CARBON CYCLE, AS EASY AS 1, 2, 3…
COMPLEX CARBON CYCLE
WHERE THE CYCLE BEGINS… THE ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS CARBON
DIOXIDE THROUGH THE PROCESS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, PLANTS TAKE IN CARBON, CONTINUING THE CYCLE IN THE LITHOSPHERE
WHEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS EXCEEDS RESPIRATION, ORGANIC MATTER BUILDS UP TO FORM COAL AND OIL DEPOSITS
“The major exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the
lithosphere results from photosynthesis and
respiration”
CARBON AND RESPIRATION RESPIRATION IS PART OF THE PROCESS
OF THE CARBON CYCLE IN THE LITHOSPHERE
ONCE ANIMALS BREAK DOWN CARBOHYDRATES IN PLANT TISSUES, THEY RELEASE IT TO THE ATMOSPHERE (THE CYCLE THEN CONINUES BACK TO THE LITHOSPHERE OR GOES TO THE HYDROSPHERE)
CARBON AND RESPIRATION CONTINUED
WHEN ANIMALS RELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE TO THE ATMOSPHERE, THEY DECOMPOSE, DECAY, AND FROM POOLS OF ENERGY CALLED FOSSIL FULES (INCLUDING COAL, OIL, AND NATURAL GASES)
CARBON IN THE HYDROSPHERE
CARBON IS ABSORBED IN THE WATER BY PHYTOPLANKTON TO MAKE SHELL OF CALCIUM CARBONATE AND BECOME SEDIMENTS ONCE THEY DIE
CARBON IN HYDROSPHERE CONT.
CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE IS CONTROLLED BY THE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, CIRCULATING CURRENTS, AND THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PHYTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
MORE CARBON IN HYDROSPHERE CARBON DIOXIDE CAN DISSOVLE EASILY
AND THE AMOUNT THAT THE OCEAN CAN HOLD DEPENDS ON THE OCEAN TEMPERATURE AND HOW MUCH CARBON IS ALREADY IN THE OCEAN
WHEN THE OCEAN IN COLD, MORE CARBON IS ARBORBED, AND WHEN THE TEMP. IS WARM, CO2 IS RELEASED TO THE SURFACE
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTRIBUTES
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
KEEPS ALL EARHT’S HEAT FROM ESCAPING TO THE OUTER ATMOPSHERE
CARBON RESPONSIBLE FOR GREENHOUSE GASES AND 55% OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
CARBON DIOXIDE IS TRANSPARENT TO LIGHT BUT OPAQUE TO HEAT RAYS, THEREFORE THE ATMOSPHERE RETARDS THE RAIATION OF HEAT FROM THE EARTH BACK INTO SPACE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT