carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

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Carbon Nanotubes for delivery of Anticancer Drug Presented by Rameshwar Madharia PE/2013/313 Guided by Dr. Wahid Khan Assistant Professor Department of Pharmaceutics

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Page 1: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Carbon Nanotubes for delivery of Anticancer Drug

Presented by

Rameshwar Madharia

PE/2013/313

Guided by

Dr. Wahid Khan

Assistant Professor

Department of Pharmaceutics

Page 2: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Introduction

Carbon Nanotubes

Pros and Cons of CNTs

Current research on CNTs

Drug selection and profile

Objective

Formulation development

Characterization

References

List of Contents

Page 3: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Life threatening disease, cancer, continues to increase with increasing age of the

population and urbanization.

In a number of situations, the malignancy of tumors is detected only at advanced

stages when administration of chemotherapeutic drugs is toxic to healthy cells.

In the attempt to improve this condition, the approaches to explore targeted drug

delivery and detect cancer cells at an early stage are of particular interest.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having properties such as their potential

biocompatibility in pharmaceutical drug delivery systems and their excellent role

as drug carriers with a highly site-selective delivery and sensitivity make them

good drug carrier.

Introduction

Page 4: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Cancer is a broad group of disease involving unregulated cell-growth.

In cancer, cells divide & grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors,

which may invade nearby parts of body.

Treatment of cancer

Chemotherapy

Radiation

Surgery

Palliative care

Cancer

wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer#cite_note-1

Page 5: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

•.

Cancer Scenario in India

Source: Year wise total cancer prevalence in India [ICMR, 2006; ICMR, 2009]

•Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in India.

• About 2.5 million cancer patients in india.

• 1 million new cases added every year.

•A chance of the disease rising five-fold by 2025.

Page 6: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)

L. Lacerda et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 58 (2006) 1460–1470

•Carbon nanotubes (CNT) consist exclusively of carbon atoms arranged in a series of condensed benzene rings rolled-up into a tubular structure.

• This novel nanomaterial belongs to the family of fullerenes, the third allotropic form of carbon along with graphite and diamond.

Page 7: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) consist exclusively of carbon atoms arranged in a series of condensed benzene rings rolled-up into a tubular structure.

Their name is derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene.

These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete ("chiral") angles, and the combination of the rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube properties.

Components of CNT

Page 8: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Classification

consist of one layer of cylinder graphene.

have diameters from 0.4 to 2.0 nm.

lengths in the range of 20–1000 nm.

contain several concentric graphene sheets.

with diameters in the range of 1.4–100 nm

lengths from 1 to several μm.

L. Lacerda et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 58 (2006) 1460–1470

Single-walled (SWNT)

•Consist of one layer of cylinder graphene.

•Have diameters from 0.4 to 2.0 nm.

•Lengths in the range of 20–1000 nm.

Multi-walled (MWNT)

•Contain several concentric graphene sheets.

•With diameters in the range of 1.4–100 nm.

•Lengths from 1 to several μm.

Page 9: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

CNT have very interesting physicochemical properties such as:

Ordered structure with high aspect ratio

Ultralight weight

High mechanical strength

High electrical conductivity

High thermal conductivity

Metallic or semi-metallic behaviour and

High surface area

The combination of these characteristics make CNT a unique material with the

potential for diverse applications, including biomedical.

Pros of CNT

L. Lacerda et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 58 (2006) 1460–1470

Page 10: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Hydrophobicity

Production of structurally and

chemically reproducible

batches

Bundling/aggregation of

individual tubes

Cons of CNT

Functionali-zation Overcome by

L. Lacerda et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 58 (2006) 1460–1470

Page 11: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Scientists are just now beginning to explore uses for nanotubes in the medical field.

Fluorescent nanotubes will eventually be utilized for specific anti-cancer treatments involving the ejection of tiny fluorescent light particles.

Additionally, scientists are interested in the injection of nanotubes into the human body to act as actuators or substrates for cell cultures or implants.

The use of nanotubes in technologically advanced wound dressings is also in progress. Research thus far has shown a connection between accelerated wound healing when materials similar to nanotubes are present.

Current research on CNTs

Page 12: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Doxorubicin (Trade name Adriamycin) is a drug used in cancer chemotherapy & derived by chemical semisynthesis from a bacterial species.

It is an anthracyclin antibiotic, it works by intercalating DNA base pairs & inhibit the synthesis of DNA.

Commonly used in the tretmaent of blood cancers like leukemia & lymphoma & many types of carcinoma(solid tumors) & soft tissue sarcomas.

In spite of high clinical effectiveness against many cancers due to side-effects, effective & safer way of delivery of DOX is needed.

Drug-SelectionDoxorubicin(DOX)

B.S. Wong et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 65 (2013) 1964–2015

Page 13: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Physico-chemical Properties of Doxorubicin

drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00997

Property Value

State Red crystalline solid

Melting point 229-231 °C

Log P 1.27

Stability Stable under normal conditions. Light, moisture sensitive.

Solvent solubility Soluble in normal saline, methanol, acetonitrile. Practically insoluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethyl ether and petroleum ether.

pKa 9.53

Page 14: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

In spite of their high clinical effectiveness against many cancers, the use of anthracyclines is unfortunately plagued with-

Myelosuppression, Alopecia, Acute nausea and vomiting, Vesicant effects and, Most notably, cardiotoxicity.

More effective and safer ways of delivering anthracyclines are hence of significant research interest.

Limitation of Doxorubicin

B.S. Wong et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 65 (2013) 1964–2015

Page 15: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

The objective is to synthesize Carbon nanotubes based drug delivery system for anticancer drug Doxorubicin through which the controlled & targeted delivery of drug can be achieved & also to reduce the side-effects of drug.

Objective

Page 16: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Selection of Materials

Purification of SWCNTs

Synthesis of biofunctionalized chitosan

Loading of SWCNTs with DOX

Synthesis of DOX-loaded CNT-chitosan-folate carrier

Formulation Development

H. Huang et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 63 (2011) 1332–1339

Page 17: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra

UV spectra

Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)

Drug loading efficiency

Drug release response

Fluorescence spectra

Characterization

H. Huang et al. / Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 63 (2011) 1332–1339

Page 18: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

H. Huang et al., A new family of folate-decorated and carbon nanotube-mediated drug delivery system: Synthesis and drug delivery response, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,63 (2011),1332–1339.

B.S. Wong et al., Carbon nanotubes for delivery of small molecule drugs, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,65 (2013),1964–2015.

L. Lacerda et al., Carbon nanotubes as nano medicines: From toxicology to pharmacology, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,58 (2006),1460–1470.

A. Battigelli et al., Endowing carbon nanotubes with biological and biomedical properties by chemical modifications, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 65 (2013), 1899–1920.

References

Page 19: carbon nano tubes for delivery of anticancer drugs

Z. Liu et. al., Carbon materials for drug delivery & cancer therapy, Materials Today, July-august 2011,Volume 14,Number 7-8.

Y. Zhang et. al., Functionalized carbon nanotubes for potential medicinal applications, Drug Discovery Today, June 2010,Volume 15, Numbers 11-12.

C.P. Firme III, P.R. Bandaru, Toxicity issues in the application of carbon nanotubes to biological systems, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine,6 (2010),245–256.

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