David J. Arthur, CEO SouthWest NanoTechnologies, Inc. http://swentnano.com darthur@swentnano.com

TM Carbon Nanotube Materials for Automotive Applications

Presented at:

ACCE2014 Novi, MI

Sep. 9~11, 2014

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Advanced materials for a better future. www.swentnano.com

Energy storage solutions and light-weight composites

Crack-free concrete, asphalt and anticorrosion paints

Flexible, low-cost displays and “3D” touch solutions

Sales: 860.428.9482 l Tech Support: 914.844.8516 l www.swentnano.com

Electric Vehicles Infrastructure Printed Electronics

Slide 2

“According to Future Markets, CNT market is projected to grow

to $2.3 billion by 2020”

Slide 3

“Commercial success depends on CNT industry addressing Five Critical Factors.”

Slide 4

Five Critical Factors

SWeNT® CNT

solutions

Structure

Purity

Integration Scalability

Value

Improve performance and

reduce cost

CNTs tailored for target

applications

No need for further

purification

Easy & safe to use

Scale with capital

efficiency

Slide 5

SW “Single-wall”

FW “Few-wall”

MW “Multi-wall”

CNT Types

❶ ❷ ❼

$100,000/kg $1,000/kg $100/kg

# Walls

Price

Slide 6

1nm 3nm 10nm Diameter

CNT Synthesis

Slide 7

Catalyst Support (metal oxides)

Active phase precursor (proprietary compound)

Active phase support (Mo2C)

Active phase (metal clusters)

CNT

Starting Catalyst Catalyst Activation Nucleation & Growth

Occurs in Fluidized Bed Reactor

Starting Catalyst for SWCNT

Starting Catalyst for FWCNT

Catalyst

MWCNT

Starting Catalyst for MWCNT

CoMoCAT® catalyst technology + fluidized bed reactor platform = selective and scalable synthesis

of the full range of CNTs.

SW “Single-wall”

FW “Few-wall”

MW “Multi-wall”

CNT Applications

❶ ❷ ❼

$100,000/kg $1,000/kg $100/kg

# Walls

Price

Energy storage (supercapacitors)

PMC (conductive, light-weight)

MMC (ultra conductive copper)

Electronics (transparent conductors,

transistors, sensors, memory)

Infrastructure (cement, asphalt, steel)

Energy storage (batteries)

Slide 8 CNTs will impact the Automotive Industry

SWCNT for electronics

Slide 9

Video of screen printing: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRhN7bK9p1Q

R&D Stage

Commercial Stage

SWCNT Transparent Conductive Films

Slide 10

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Δ Sh

eet R

es (R

/R0)

VC101 vs. PEDOT: Sheet Resistance after Thermoforming

VC101 PEDOT

Thermoformed prototype (VC101 on transparent

polycarbonate). *Data unavailable due to PEDOT sample cracking at this location.

4

6

*

Data collected along midline of

prototype surface.

85 ⁰C

-40 ⁰C

60 ⁰C at 90% hum

85 ⁰C at 85% hum

VC101: Sheet Res Stability

200 μm

AC200 (95% VLT)

CNT line Width = 175 μm

VC101 VC101

100 nm

SWCNT Network After R2R Coating

MWCNT for PMC

Slide 11

C. P. Rejisha, S. Soundararajan, N. Sivapatham, and K. Palanivelu, “Effect of MWCNT on Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate/Polycarbonate Blends,” Journal of Polymers, vol. 2014, Article ID 157137, 7 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/157137

MWCNT for energy storage

Slide 12

K. Sheem et al., Journal of Power Sources 158 (2006) 1425-1430

Hypothesis: CNTs (if well-dispersed) are

expected to form more robust and more electrically & thermally

conductive networks:

Results:

Battery fab & testing done by:

FWCNT for energy storage

Slide 13

TEM: FW100X

# Walls

Mostly DWCNT

OD ~ 3nm Length ~ 2.3µm SSA ~ 800 m2/g

5 nm 20 nm

FWCNT for energy storage

Slide 14

> 99.9% purity

FWCNT for energy storage

Slide 15

Activated Carbon (AC) (Commercially

Available)

Random FWCNT Network

Energy Density (Wh/kg) 4~5 ~10

Power Density (kW/kg) 1~2 ~20

Capacitance (F/g) < 100 180

FWCNT network: – lower resistance than AC higher Power Density – higher electrolyte-accessibility than AC higher Energy Density

T Chen and L Dai, ”Carbon nanomaterials for high-performance supercapacitors”, Materials Today, 16(7/8), 2013.

FWCNT network

FWCNT for energy storage

Slide 16

RGO FWCNT + RGO Delta %Capacitance, 5 cycles (F/g) 74.6 141.6 90%Capacitance, 100 cycles (F/g) 24.6 116.6 374%Delta % 67% 18%

Electrochemical Characterization*

*

What is Ultra Conductive Copper (UCC)?

Slide 17

– A composite material consisting of < 1% nano-carbon embedded in a >99% copper matrix

– In 2011, demonstrated 130% IACS at ambient temperature and at lab scale. Indications that >200% IACS possible

– Two promising UCC production approaches: • Electrolytic co-deposition UCC foil • CNT filament formation UCC wire

– Valuable IP surrounds managing C/Cu interface – Other UCC property improvements vs. Cu:

• Ampacity • Thermal conductivity • Tensile strength, Elastic modulus • Thermal coefficient of expansion

Electrons flow with ultra-low resistance through nano-tubes

Source: International Copper Association

UCC Foil

Slide 18

Property Cu UCC delta %

Conductivity1 (S/m) 6.02E+07 8.01E+07 33%

Ampacity1 (A/cm2) 3.88E+04 5.57E+04 44%

Thermal conductivity2 (W/m/K) 385 590 53%

CTE2 (ppm/C) 17 5 -71%

Tensile strength2 (Mpa) 230 710 209%

Tensile elongation2 (%) 22% 5% -77%

1 2 Applications include LiBs, CCLs

CNT Applications Development Center in Boston, MA

SWeNT Strategic Alliance Partner

Slide 19

Integration

Slide 20

SW CNT inks for

screen printing

FW CNT pastes & slurries for R2R electrode fabrication

MW CNT/polymer pellets for

injection molding or extrusion

Business Model

Slide 21

CoMoCAT®

catalyst

CNT-enhanced polymers, cement,

asphalt, etc.

SWeNT® CNT products

CNTs mass-produced

at low-cost

CUSTOMERS Large Chemical Companies

Scalable and Low Cost

Fluidized Bed Reactor Design

Continuous Processes

Recycling Catalyst

Capital Efficiency

Low Cost

Slide 22

Value

Slide 23

PMC better conductive plastics

Electrical conductivity in Polycarbonate

Cond

uctiv

ity (S

/cm

)

CNT Loading (wt%)

SW

Lower cost, more ergonomic & more durable

Printed Electronics replace membrane switches

More conductive, lower loadings,

better toughness

Energy Storage better supercapacitors

Higher power density & longer

cycle life

SSA (m2/g) Cost ($/kg)

SW 1,000 100,000

FW 800 1,000

FW MW

MWCNT for infrastructure

Slide 24

Stronger & stiffer cement: Self-sensing cement:

Plus stronger, more durable asphalt materials and anti-corrosion paints for steel.

What does this have to do with Automobiles? Economies of scale will drive down costs of MWCNTs!

Today, Total MWCNT production ~ 3,000 MTA With only 1% share of cement market, MWCNT production > 300,000 MTA

Source: S.P. Shah, M. S. Konsta-Gdoutos, Z.S. Metaxa, Highly dispersed carbon nanotube-reinforced cement-based materials, US Patent 2009/0229494A1, (2009).

Source: “Carbon Nanotube Based Self-sensing Concrete for Pavement. Structural Health Monitoring”, Dr. Xun Yu, Dr. Eil Kwon, University of Minnesota Duluth, Final report for the U.S. Department of Transportation, Contract/Grant No. DTFH61-10-C-00011, April 2012

Thank you!

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