carbon nanotubes - cnts
TRANSCRIPT
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Carbon Nanotubes - CNTs
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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SWCNTs – Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Carbon Nanotubes - Growth
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Carbon Nanotubes– Building Principles
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Carbon Nanotubes – Building Principle
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Carbon Nanotubes – Building Principle
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Carbon Nanotubes – Building Principles
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Dynamics of C-NTs
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Strength of CNTs
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Strength of CNTs
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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SWCNT – Plastic Deformation
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Carbon Nanotubeshttp://www.pa.msu. edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.hmtl
Density: 1.35 g/cm3
Resistivity 10-4 wcm
Maximum Current Density 109 A/cm2
Thermal Conductivity ~2000 W/mK
Relaxation Time ~10-11 s
Elastic Behavior
Young's Modulus (SWNT) ~1 TPa
Young's Modulus (MWNT) 1.28 TPa
Maximum Tensile Strength ~100 GPa
Characterization of
each individual
set of nanoparticles
necessary
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C-Nanotubes - Forms
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Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
D ~ 0.34 nm
Synthesis below 500 oC
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C-Nanotubes – Multiwall Connections
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Helices, Springs, Actuators
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Other new CNTs ?
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Building Faults, Properties, Electronics
5+7 ring => Diode
But contact resistance !!
Semicond. / metallic CNT transistor
But no control on helicity!!
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T < 500 C
Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTs and Other C Nanoparticles
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Carbons – All Pasta and Infinite Set ?
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Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTsand Other C Nanoparticles
Fish bone structures
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Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTs
Fish bone structures
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Cones, Bamboos etc. A. Ivantchenko, R. Nesper
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Storage in CNTsIn a recent work of Baker and Rogriguez [1] indicate a very large specific hydrogen storage capacity in
carbon nanotubes (CNT`s) and in herringbone materials. Yet, these results have not been confirmed by any research group in the world [1,2,3,6,7,8], but nevertheless they gave rise to enhanced activity in the field of carbon-based hydrogen storage on the theoretical and on the experimental side.
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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Baker & Rodriguez
65wt% !!???
M. Parrinello
max. 14wt%
H2 – Storage in C-NTs ? wrong !!
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Catalyst Patterning for Growth of CNTs
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Hierarchical Order – Aggregations
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Hierarchical Order – Carpets Predefined
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Hierarchical Order – Carpets etc.
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(http://www.pa.msu. edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.hmtl)
Carbon Nanotubes Models
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Filling of Carbon Nanotubes
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Elastic strain
STM topography
Atomic resolution
Valence & conduction bands
SWT bundle
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Applications of CNTs - Thermocouple
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Tube-in-Tube
EF
EF
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Field Emission Displays
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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(C)NT-Applications
ion sensoractuator
Conductorrectifyertransitorsensor
nano tips
emission tip
??
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C-NT Sensor •gases
•liquids
•solutionsSurface electron conductance
Adsorbed species
strongly change conductivity leads
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New Carbons ?
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GraphitT = 350 - 600°C
[CF]x, x=0.5 - 1
Derivates of Graphite
???
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Exfoliate Graphite Intercalation Compounds?
06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO
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MgB2
AlB2
MgB2C2
LiBC
Heterographites
???
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TheThe superconductingsuperconducting materialsmaterials demonstratedemonstrate a a zerozero electricalelectrical resistivityresistivity in a in a certaincertain rangerange of of temperaturetemperature, , currentcurrent and and magneticmagnetic fieldfield..
TheirTheir maximummaximum valuesvalues areare calledcalled::
criticalcritical temperaturetemperature (T(TCC))
criticalcritical currentcurrent densitydensity (J(JCC))
criticalcritical magneticmagnetic fieldfield (H(HCC))
GraphiteGraphite--related Superconductorsrelated Superconductors
MgB2 Cax-graphite
MgB2C2 Ybx-graphite
LiBC „Li0.5BC“ Tc=90K
AlB2
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SupraleitungSupraleitung in MgBin MgB22, , LiBCLiBC and MgBand MgB22CC22
MgB2
MgB2C2
LiBCLi0.5BC Tc=90K
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LiB MgB2
Mg-Melt
[B=B=B=B=]n
J.M. Reinoso, F. Ottinger, M. Wörle, R. Nesper, Method for producing a super-conducting material made of MgB2, Patent No WO0207149909/2002
MgB2 and its AnalogaWire Preparation ?
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Morphologie Morphologie PreservingPreserving TransformationTransformation
182 ° C
300 ° C
450 ° C
LiLi--B B liquid liquid solutionsolution
moltenmolten LitiumLitiumcrystallinecrystalline BoronBoron
550 ° C
700 ° C
LiBLiBxx
formationformation
MgBMgB22
formationformation
--UnderUnder continuouscontinuous stirringstirring Boron Boron dissolvesdissolves intointo moltenmolten Lithium, Lithium, formingforming an high an high malleablemalleable, , lowlowdensitydensity, metallic solid , metallic solid solutionsolution
--TheThe wirewire isis droppeddropped intointo thethecruciblecrucible just just thethe time to time to coatcoat itit
--TheThe coatedcoated wirewire isis placedplaced intointo thethefurnacefurnace untilluntill thethe metallic metallic glitteringglitteringdesappearsdesappears
--TheThe LiBLiB wirewire isis keptkept intointo thethecruciblecrucible of of moltenmolten Magnesium for Magnesium for aboutabout 15 min.15 min.
-- Sublimation of Mg / Sublimation of Mg / MgMgxxLiLiyy underunder High High vacuumvacuum, 630 , 630 °° C, 8 hC, 8 h
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PreparingPreparing WiresWires and Rodsand Rods
Li-B mixture LiBx compound MgB2
- The inner partdoes not reactcompletely
- The resultingcoating is highlyporous
- Formation of oxidiclayer can occur betweenthe wire and the coating
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MgBMgB22 χχ(H(H))
MgB2_Mo Bloop 5 K
-0.45
-0.35
-0.25
-0.15
-0.05
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.35
0.45
-40000 -30000 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Applied Field (G)
Long M
om
ent (e
mu)
LiMg_hwMg1 (10 G)
-0.006
-0.005
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Temperature (K)
Lo
ng
Mo
men
t (e
mu)
reines MgBreines MgB22 χ χ (T)(T)
Magnetische Messungen
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MgB2
MgB2C2
LiBC
„Li0.5BC“ Tc=90K
Heterographites –
???
Scrolled Ionic Compounds ?
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Chaoite – Substitute ?
[B=B=B=B=]n
LiB0.89