carboxylic acids. write condensed structural formulas for and name organic acids. include: uses and...
TRANSCRIPT
Carboxylic Acids
• Write condensed structural formulas for and name organic acids.
Include: uses and functions of common organic acids
Additional KEY Terms
The functional group of carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group.
• general form: R – COOH• made up of two smaller functional groups
O
O CR HO
carbonyl group
hydroxyl group
Properties of Carboxylic Acids:
• Polar covalent: < 5C (small) are soluble in water
O
O CR HO H+
O
O CR O
_
(solid) (aqueous)
δ+δ-
• Weak acids that ionize when dissolved
• Strong IMF (H-bonding) gives high bp/mp
Organic acids common in both plants and animals:
• Sour taste in fruits (citric acid), vinegar (acetic acid)
• Amino acids (proteins) are carboxylic acids• Fatty acids (fats) contain large carboxylic acids
· Name parent chain containing carboxyl group.· Replacing the – e ending with – oic acid. · Numbering always begins with the carbon
containing the carboxyl group.
NAMING Carboxylic Acids
methanoic acidformic acid
(ant and bee stings)
butanoic acid CH3-CH2-CH2-C
O
\OH
//
CH3COOHCH3-C
OH
O//
\ethanoic acid
acetic acid (vinegar)
benzoic acid
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-C
O
\OH
//CH3\
4-methylpentanoic acid
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2COOH
CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?
• Write condensed structural formulas for and name organic acids.
Include: uses and functions of common organic acids
Additional KEY Terms