HOLIDAYHUNGER

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Upto3millionchildrenriskgoinghungryduringtheschoolholidays,leavingthemvulnerabletomalnutrition.

Thoseatriskofhungeroverthesummerincludemorethan1millionchildrenwhoreceivefreeschoolmealsduringtermtime,and2millionmorewithworkingparentswhoarestillinpoverty

Anestimated8.4millionpeopleintheUKarelivinginhouseholdswithinsufficientfood.Employment is no guarantee that someone will never struggle to provideenough food for their family. One in four low income households in the UKare in a state of food insecurity, which means they are not able to accessenough affordable and nutritious food.

4.5% of people in the UKsaid that, at least once, theywent a full day withoutanything to eat.

Half of mums under 25have had to skip meals tofeed their children and aquarter used foodbanks.

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

SeeOpportunity

TakeAction

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

Howisholidayhungerlinkedtolocalcrimelevelsduringtheholidays?

Iftherootcauseofholidayhungerislowincome–whatcanyoudotoaddressthisforparents?

Isthisrelatedtotheneedforbreakfastclubsduringtermtime?

Howtomakenutritiousfoodaccessibleandaffordableandtoensureincreaseincomeisspentonaddressingholidayhunger?

Howcanyoumakeyourinterventionsustainable–environmentallyandeconomically?

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Thepositiveimpactonpoorerchildrenwhoattendedfreemealandfunprojectsduringtheholidayswasstark,thereportsaid.

Howcanyoutackleholidayhungerandaddresstheneedforhealthyeatingandexercise? 5.

CYBER-BULLYING

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Ditchthelabel.org,aninternationalanti-bullyingcharity,estimatesthataround5.43millionyoungpeopleinthe UKhavebeenthevictimsof cyberbullying.

Morethan16,000youngpeopleareabsentfromschoolduetobullying.

In the UK, over 1.26 million young people are subjected to extremecyberbullying on a daily basis. This can included receiving threatening oraggressive texts, emails or instant messages. Cyberbullying can lead topsychological effects in victims, including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and physical illness.

LGBTQyoungpeoplearethreetimesmorelikelytobebulliedthanheterosexualyoungpeople.

Researcherssaythatbullyingusuallyendswithin10secondsofaninterventionbypeers.

AlmosthalfofallgirlsintheUKhaveexperiencedsomeformofharassmentorabuseonsocialmedia,

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

SeeOpportunity

TakeAction

Howcanyouhelpraiseawarenessoftheissue.IntheUnitedKingdom,Portsmouth-basedstudentsocialenterprise RockClothing wantstochangethat.HeadedbystudentKeiran O’Toole,RockClothinghasorganised ananti-bullyingconference.

Howwouldyoursolutionaddresstheneedsofparentsandteachers?

Whatcanbedonetoensureeverychildreceivesaneducation?

Whatrolecanmentorsandpeersupportprovidetoaddresstheproblems?

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Countriesthatprovideallchildrenwithsecondaryeducationcuttheirriskofwarinhalf.

Ateamat atauniversity developedanappthatscansphotos,videosandsocialmediatorecognizesignsofbullying.Ifdetected,theappalertsthevictim,theirparents,schooladministratorsandeventheperpetrator,ineffectprovidingtotalvisibilitytostopbullyinginitstracks.

HYGIENEPOVERTY

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Morethanfourin10parents(43%)saidtheyhavehadtogowithoutbasichygieneorcleaningproductsbecausetheycan’taffordthem.

Almostoneinfive(18%)admittheirchildwearsthesameunderwearatleasttwodaysinarow.

Thenumberonereasonwhyunder-10svisitA&Eisdentalhygiene-related.

Oneinfourfamiliessurveyedhavegonewithouttoiletriesbecauseoffinancialdifficulties.

Two-thirds of primary school teachers who responded (63%) said theysee children turning up in dirty clothes; almost half (47%) have children whocome to school without having cleaned their teeth, and eight in 10 said theyhave seen an increase in the numbers of pupils coming to school unwashed.

Surgingdemandforbasicslikeshowergel,shampoo,andsanitarytowelshasbeenreportedtoHuffPost UKbyorganisationsworkingtohelpthoseconsideredtobelivinginanemerging hygienepoverty.

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

SeeOpportunity

TakeAction

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

HowcanwhatweknowaboutFoodBanksapplytoHygieneBanks?

Howwouldyouaddresstheroot-causesofthisproblem?

Howwouldyoucollaboratewithlocalschools?

Howcanyouhelppeoplewithoutcreatingmoreofastigmaandriskridiculeandbullyingofbeneficiaries?

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Childpsychologistsclaim“Children’sself-esteemisgreatlyaffectedbythereactionofthosearoundthem– andiftheyarestigmatised,ridiculedorrejectedbytheirpeersbecauseofpoorbasichygiene,theirsenseofself-worthwillquicklynose-dive.

Schoolsarehavingtointervenetosupportstrugglingfamilieswhoarehavingtochoosebetweenfoodorpersonalhygiene

NUMERACY&LITERACY

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Educationisthefirststeptobreakingthecycleofpoverty.Everyonehastherighttoaneducation.

With access to education, children gain the skills and tools to empowerthemselves and their communities. Education provides the opportunity forchildren to learn, grow and become empowered to lead the life they wantto live. When children are educated, they are armed with the courage andself-confidence to better themselves, and ultimately the next generation.

Ifeverychildleftprimaryschoolwiththereadingskillstheyneed,theUKeconomycouldseea£32.1billionboostby2025.

About8millionworkingageadultshave'below-

functional'numeracyskillsandabout5million

have 'below-functional'literacyskillsinEngland

Twice asmanyboysaged8to11saidtheyenjoyreadingcomparedwithboysaged14to16.

1.7millionadultsinEnglandhaveliteracylevelsbelowthoseexpectedofan11-year-old.

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

Isthisanissueformaturepeopleasmuchasschoolchildren?

Howmuchoftheroot-causeisrelatedtootherissuestobeconsidered?

Doyoufeelabettersocietyreliesonliteracyforall?

Whatroleshouldemployersplaygivenmanypeoplewithlowlevelsofattainmentareinemployment?

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Oneinfive15-year-oldsarenotachievingbaselinestandardsinreading, Literacy andmathematics

Countriesthatprovideallchildrenwithsecondaryeducationcuttheirriskofwarinhalf.

SOCIALISOLATION

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytosufferfromdementia,heartdiseaseanddepression.

For older adults — one in five of whom is affected by social isolation — theabsence of a shoulder to lean on or a hand to hold, of someone to count onin times of stress and need, can be crushing. What’s more, it can havealarming emotional and physical effects.

Socialisolationaffectsnearly1in5olderadults.

Itisclaimedthatthehealthrisksofprolongedisolationareequivalenttosmoking15

cigarettesaday.

Lonelinessisworseforyouthanobesity.

Alongwithitscousin,loneliness,isolationisassociatedwithahigherriskofmortalityinolderadults.Higherbloodpressure,increasedsusceptibilitytothefluandotherinfectiousdiseases,greaterriskofheartdisease,earlieronsetofdementia— allarelinkedtosocialisolation.

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

SeeOpportunity

TakeAction

Astudyby TheCo-opandtheBritishRedCrossrevealsover9millionpeopleintheUKacrossalladultages– morethanthepopulationofLondon– areeitheralwaysoroftenlonely.

Researchby Sensehasshownthatupto50%ofdisabledpeoplewillbelonelyonanygivenday.

Whataretheotherissuesrelatedtosocialisolationandloneliness?Eg,reducedindependentliving.

Howwouldyoureachlonelyindividuals??

Whatcanbedonetohelplonelypeoplemakemeaningfulconnectionswithothers?

Whatrolewilltechnologyplayinprovidingapartofthesolution?

Howcouldyouinvolveolderpeopletoco-developthesolutionorservice?

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HOMELESSNESS

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Everyday150familiesintheUKbecomehomeless.Thenumberofrough-sleepershasincreasedby132%since2010.Strict criteria must be met in order to gain homelessness assistance from alocal authority. There is no single reason why people are homeless acrossthe UK – many of fleeing abuse, have lost their job or have suffered arelationship breakdown.

LGBTQyouthareatagreaterriskofhomelessnessbya

factorof2.2

Morethanhalfofyoungpeoplebecomehomelessbecauseofa

relationshipbreakdown–usuallywiththeirparents.

Itcoststhetaxpayer£26,000ayearforeachhomeless

person.

77% ofhomelesspeoplesufferfrommentalhealth.

1.7millionadultsinEnglandhaveliteracylevelsbelowthoseexpectedofan11-year-old.

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

Howistheissueofhomelessnessrelatedtohealthissues?

Arecurrentservicestosupporthomelesspeopleandrough-sleepersavailableonweekends?

Howcanyoumakeyourimpactsustainableovertimeandnotjustahand-out?

Whatrolecouldemployersplayinbeingpartofthesolution?

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TakeAction

EndingroughsleepingisanincreasingpolicypriorityacrosstheUK.

Toend roughsleeping, solutions needtoaddressbothaccommodationandsupportneeds.

HOUSEHOLDDEBT

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Britain’shouseholddebtmountainhasreachedanewpeak,withUKhomesnowowinganaverageof£15,385tocreditcardfirms,banksandotherlenders,accordingtotheTUC..In 2017, British households spent on average £900 more than they earned and thismoney was predominantly borrowed. The amount of debt in unsecured credit – “suchas credit cards and payday loans” – is at an all-time high of £205bn, said the Guardian.Figures show that almost 90% of consumer credit was held by those who had debt twoyears earlier. It now appears “renters” make up the largest proportion of credit debtbalances.

Over1.1mhouseholdshavesavingsunder£1,000and4.3mhouseholdshaveno

savingsatall.

Over2.9mrentersareinrentarrearsorstrugglingtopay

theirrents.

Over6.2mUKhouseholdsarefinanciallyvulnerableand3.2mUKhouseholdsareinfinancialdifficultynow.

Wearelivinginaperiodinwhichsavingisnotanoptionformany;an ONS reportsays“backintheearly1990s,theaveragehouseholdhadaround£120leftovertosavefromevery£1,000ofincome(aftertakingouttheirspendingandtaxes).Bycontrast,in2017thishadfallenbytwo-thirdstojust£41,whichisthelowestever.”

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

Istheprovisionofdebtadvicesufficienttothosewhoneedimpartialadvice?

WhataretherootcausesofthisproblemthatcanbetackledpracticallywithbigGovernmentinterventions?

Howcanbanksandfinancialorganisations helpmore?

Howmuchofthesolutionisbehaviour change?

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TakeAction

Low-educatedyoungadultsareparticularlylikelytobestruggling.Theyarebothmorelikelytobeinhouseholdsthatareinarrearsandtendtohavedebts(e.g.hirepurchaseandmailorder)thatneedtoberepaidmorequickly.

Toaddressthisproblemsolutionsneedtodomorethanmerelyincreaseincome.

FUELPOVERTY

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Householdsarenowdefinedasfuelpooriftheyfacehighfuelcosts(spending10%ormoreoftheirincomeonfuel)andareonalowincome.

Fuelpovertyisnowwidelyrecognised intheUKasadistinctformofsocialinequalityandinjustice.

Britainhasahighlevelofexcesswinterdeathscomparedtoothercountrieswithsimilarclimates.Ifonlyatenthofthesearedirectlyattributabletofuelpoverty,thisaccountsfor2,700deathsa yearinEnglandandWales.Livinginacoldhomehasdetrimentaleffectsonphysicalhealthandmentalhealth,particularlyrespiratoryandcardiovascularconditions.Peoplelivingincoldhomesaremorelikelytoexperiencesocialisolation.

The HillsFuelPovertyReview identifiesthatalthoughconnectedtogeneralpoverty,fuelpovertyshouldbeconsideredaseparateandimportantissueforanumberofreasonsincluding:

Thereissomeassociationbetweencoldhomesandtruancy,anti-socialbehaviourandnegativeeffectsoneducationattainment.Peoplelivinginapropertywhichisdifficulttokeepwarmmayhavetofaceahardchoicebetweenheatingandeating.Thereissomeevidenceofreducedfoodspendingduringthecoldestperiodsbypensionersonthelowestincomes.

Estimatesexceed25,000peoplewhodiefromthecoldintheUKeveryyear.Mostofwidowersinsocialhousing.

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

Howistheissueoffuelpovertyrelatedtohealthissues?

Arecurrentservicestosupportthefuelpooraccessibletoallthatneedit?

Howcanyoumakeyourimpactsustainableovertimeandnotjustahand-out?

Whatrolecouldfamilymembers/friendsplayinbeingpartofthesolution?

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TakeAction

EndingfuelpovertyisanincreasingpolicypriorityacrosstheUK.

Currentlymorethan5millionhouseholdsintheUKcan’taffordtokeepadequatelywarminwinter,oftenasaresultofpoorinsulationstandardsandinefficientheatingintheirhomes..

DOMESTICVIOLENCE

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Domesticabusecostssocietyanestimated£66billionayearintermsofcoststo

services,economicoutput,humanandemotionalcosts.

Theestimatedcostforasinglevictimofdomesticabuseis

£34,015(1,946,000estimatedvictims)(ONS2017a)

Anestimated2.0millionadultsaged16to59years

experienceddomesticabuseinthelastyear(1.3millionwomen,695,000men).

Developedinassociationwith

Accordingtothe OfficeofNationalStatistics (ONS)about4.2%ofmenand7.9 %ofwomensufferdomesticabuseintheUKduring2018.Domestic abuse is a largely hidden crime, occurring primarily at home. Women oftendon’t report or disclose domestic abuse to the police and may under-report domesticabuse in surveys, particularly during any in person interviews. In addition, majority ofthe estimates around domestic violence ignore important knock-on effects such ashow the violence creates fear and damages self esteem in other scenarios, or thosewho experience coercive controlling behaviour and the effects this has.

Metropolitan Police figures show a 95% increase in adolescent on parent violencebetween 2012-2016. National figures show similar rises. Whilst police argue this maybe due to increased recording of incidents, it is becoming a recognised problem.

Onaverage100callsperhourarereceivedbythepoliceinEnglandandWales.Womenwhoexperiencedomesticviolencearetwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepression.

5.6%ofwomenand2.4%ofmenexperiencednon-sexualpartnerabuseinthelastyear(2017/18).

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

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TakeAction

Domesticviolenceunderminesmanyaspectsoflifeandisrecognisedasaprioritypolicyarea

Solutionsneedtodevelopresilienceandempowerthenotionwhilstrecognisingtheperpetratoralsoneedssupport.

Howwouldyouaddresstheroot-cause(s)ofthisproblem?

Howcanyouhelppeoplewithoutcreatingmoreofariskforthemintheircurrentsituation?

Howcanyouhelpraiseawarenessofthisissue?

Howcanyoufosterresilienceinyoungpeoplewhowitnessviolencebetweenparents?

AIRPOLUTION

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

EnvironmentAuditCommitteehasestimatedthattotalhealthcostsasaresultofairpollutionrange

between£8.5- £20.2billionayear.

DepartmentofEnvironment,Food&RuralAffairs(Defra)estimatedthatin2012,poorair

qualitycosttheeconomy£2.7billionthroughproductivityloss.

Airpollutionisoneofthemajorenvironmentaldeterminantsofhealth,andthereisgoodevidenceithassignificantimpacton,amongstotherthings,theincidenceandseverityofcardiovasculardiseaseandlunghealth.Ithasbothshortandlong-termhealtheffects,andhasaparticularimpactonchildrenastheygrow.

EvidencefromtheGovernment’sCommitteeontheMedicalEffectsofAirPollution(COMEAP)suggeststhatsome29,000deathsperyear(4,000inLondonalone)arebroughtforwardbyexposuretoman-madeparticulateairpollutionatcurrentlevels.

Developedinassociationwith

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

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SeeOpportunity

TakeAction

Increaseawarenessandencouragepeopletoreducetheirpersonalcarbonfootprint

Cancompaniesbeencouragedtobemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandpassthismessageontotheiremployees

Howwouldyouaddresstheroot-cause(s)ofthisproblem?

Whatcanbedonetomakepeoplemoreawareofeverydaycauses?

Howcanyouhelpreducetheseeverydaycauses?

Whatrolecouldemployersplayinbeingpartofthesolution?

ADOPTIONandFOSTERING

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

49%ofyoungmenundertheageof21whohavecomeinto

contactwiththecriminaljusticesystemhavebeenincareforaperiodoftime

OnandonedayintheUK:83,000childrenareincareawayfromthehomeofwhichnearly80%(65,000children)livewithfosterfamilies.*Ofthosechildrenseekingadoptivefamilies,aroundonethird(2,200children)findthem.**.

Lookedafterchildrenmightbelivingwithfosterparents,livinginaresidentialchildren'shomeorlivinginresidentialsettingslikeschoolsorsecureunits.Achildstopsbeinglookedafterwhentheyareadopted,returnhome,moveinwithanotherfamilymember,becomesubjecttoaspecialguardianshiporresidenceorder,orwhentheyturn18.LocalauthoritiesintheUKarerequiredtosupportchildrenleavingcareat18untiltheyareatleast21.Childrenmayentercareforallsortsofreasons.Butmanyenterbecausetheyhavebeenabusedorneglected.Theseexperiencescanleavechildrenwithcomplexemotionalandmentalhealthneeds,whichcanincreasetheirvulnerabilitytoabuse.***Thismeansthatfosterandadoptiveparentsneedspecialistskillstosupportthesetraumatisedandtroubledyoungpeople

Childrenincaretendtohavepooreroutcomeswhencomparedtochildreninthegeneralpopulation:

Lowereducationalattainment,41%of19-year-oldcareleaverswerenotineducation,employmentortraining(NEET)comparedwith15%forall19-year-olds. Childrenincarearealsomorelikelytoexperiencementalandphysicalhealthissues.

22%offemalecareleaversbecometeenageparents

Placingachildinaresidentialcarehomecancostupto£272,000pa

Developedinassociationwith

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

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TakeAction

Moreeffectivesupportforyoungpeopleincareisapriority,butistheretoomuchfocusonnumbersandnotonoutcomes.

Solutionsneedtobefoundtoreducethenumberofchildrentakenintocare,andtoimprovetheoutcomesofthoseincareandthoseleavingcare.

Whataretherootcausesofchildrenbeingtakenintocare?

Howcanoutcomesforchildrenincarebeimproved?

Howcanyouhelpraiseawarenessofthisissue?

Whatotherstakeholderscouldbeinvolvedinasolution?

*https://www.thefosteringnetwork.org.uk/advice-information/all-about-fostering/fostering-statistics**https://corambaaf.org.uk/fostering-adoption/looked-after-children-adoption-fostering-statistics/statistics-england***(Bazalgette,Rahilly,andTrevelyan,2015;Lukeetal,2014).Notethatsomestatisticsdatesvary

MEANINGFULOCCUPATION

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

Approximately1.5millionpeopleintheUKhavea

learningdisabilityPeoplewithProfoundMultipleLearningDifficulties(“PMLD”)struggletoentertheworkforce.Theyneedtobesupportedtounderstandwhatitistheymightliketodothatwouldsuittheirskillset.Theyalsoneedhelpfindingemployersthatwouldsupportthem.

PeoplewithPMLDcanonlyworklimitedhoursotherwisetheirdisabilitybenefitsarecut(thesearefundamentaltotheirhealthandwellbeing).

Peoplewithlearningdisabilitiesarelesslikelytobeemployedthanpeoplewithout.Itismoredifficultforpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestogetajob,stayinworkandmakeprogressatwork.

6%ofadultswithalearningdisabilityareinpaidwork.Of

this:28%hadamildormoderatelearningdisabilityand10%hadaseverelearningdisability.0%ofpeoplewithPMLDwereemployed.*

Anumberofbarrierstoworkhavebeenidentifiedforthosewithlearningdifficulties:

- Negativeattitudesorlowexpectations- Skillsandqualificationsgap- Lackofflexible,personalisedemploymentprogrammes

- Unfairtreatment- Issuesrelatingtoaccess- Manydon’tfeelcomfortabletalkingabouttheirdifficultiesatwork

5%ofadultswithalearningdisabilityarein

voluntarywork

Developedinassociationwith

ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD

DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA

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TakeAction

EducatingemployersandbuildingawarenessastothebenefitsofhiringandsupportingpeoplewithPMLDintheworkplace.

Thereisverylittleguidanceonhowemployersmightbetterengagedisabledemployeesthroughworkplacelearningprovision.

* https://www.mencap.org.uk/learning-disability-explained/research-and-statistics/employment

Howwouldyougoaboutcausingasystemicchangeinthisarea?

Arethereanyquick-winsolutionsthatmighthelpthesituation?Ifso,whatmighttheybe?

WhatdoesmeaningfuloccupationlooklikeforpeoplewithPMLD,whatdoes‘good’looklike?

Whoiscurrentlypushingthisagendaandmightbeausefulpartner?