Cardiac EmergenciesCardiac Emergencies

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System

Heart AttackHeart Attack

Caring for a Heart AttackCaring for a Heart Attack

Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

Heart-muscular organ that pumps Heart-muscular organ that pumps blood (about the size of your fist)blood (about the size of your fist)

Blood- carries oxygen & nutrientsBlood- carries oxygen & nutrients

ArteriesArteries

Carry oxygen- rich blood AWAY from the heart.

VeinsVeins

Carry oxygen- Carry oxygen-

poor bloodpoor blood

back to the heart.back to the heart.

Coronary ArteriesCoronary Arteries

Supply the heartSupply the heart

muscle with bloodmuscle with blood

Heart AttackHeart Attack

When the heart muscle doesn’t receive oxygen, that part of the muscle dies and causes CHEST PAIN!

Common cause of Heart Common cause of Heart AttackAttack

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease– Leading cause of death for adults in the Leading cause of death for adults in the

United StatesUnited States– Nearly 1 million deaths each year Nearly 1 million deaths each year

Signs and Symptoms of a Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack*Heart Attack*

-Chest pain (#1)

-Pressure, squeezing or tightness

-Difficulty breathing

-Sweating

-Nausea or vomiting

-Pale, bluish or moist skin

-Changes in pulse rate

Heart Attack VictimsHeart Attack Victims

Victims often deny that they are Victims often deny that they are having a heart attack or dismiss the having a heart attack or dismiss the pain as indigestionpain as indigestion

Do NOT let this influence you…if you Do NOT let this influence you…if you think the victim is having a heart think the victim is having a heart attack you must act FAST.attack you must act FAST.– Prompt action may prevent cardiac Prompt action may prevent cardiac

arrestarrest

Heart Attack*Heart Attack*

Pain or discomfort in the chest that Pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3-5 minutes or that lasts more than 3-5 minutes or that goes away and comes backgoes away and comes back

Risk factors for Cardiovascular Risk factors for Cardiovascular DiseaseDisease

SmokingSmoking Poor diet (high in fat)Poor diet (high in fat) High blood pressureHigh blood pressure ObesityObesity Lack of regular exerciseLack of regular exercise

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION

High Blood High Blood

PressurePressure

Measures High Blood Measures High Blood PressurePressure

Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Normal- 120/80Normal- 120/80

– 120 = pressure of blood against the 120 = pressure of blood against the artery walls when the heart beatsartery walls when the heart beats

-- 80 = pressure between beats-- 80 = pressure between beats

Blood Pressure ValuesBlood Pressure Values

Normal-Normal-Less than 120/80 Less than 120/80 Hypertension-Hypertension- 140/90 140/90

Increase in High Blood Increase in High Blood PressurePressure

Causes of HBPCauses of HBP

Genetics Genetics Obesity Obesity Lack of physical activity Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the dietToo much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (no Too much alcohol consumption (no

more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Stress

Where’s the SALT?Where’s the SALT?

Contain high levels of sodium (salt)Contain high levels of sodium (salt)– Lunch meatsLunch meats– Soy sauceSoy sauce– Canned soups and canned vegetablesCanned soups and canned vegetables– Frozen dinnersFrozen dinners– PicklesPickles– Chinese foodChinese food– Potato chips, corn chipsPotato chips, corn chips

Symptoms of HBPSymptoms of HBP

There are NO symptoms or signs of There are NO symptoms or signs of hypertension, so you usually don't hypertension, so you usually don't feel it.feel it.

In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have

hypertension don't know it. The only hypertension don't know it. The only way to know if you have hypertension way to know if you have hypertension is to have your blood pressure is to have your blood pressure checked.checked.

Health problems associated Health problems associated with HBPwith HBP

StrokeStroke Heart failure/attackHeart failure/attack Sleep apnea/snoringSleep apnea/snoring Kidney failureKidney failure Vision problemsVision problems Premature deathPremature death Erectile dysfunctionErectile dysfunction baldnessbaldness

Reducing the risksReducing the risks

Eat more fruits and veggiesEat more fruits and veggies Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day)Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day) Exercise at least 30 minutes a dayExercise at least 30 minutes a day Moderate alcohol consumption (no Moderate alcohol consumption (no

more than 2 drinks a day)more than 2 drinks a day) Maintain healthy weightMaintain healthy weight

Cholesterol

HDL and LDL

HDL= good

LDL= bad

LDL- Bad cholesterolLDL- Bad cholesterol

Too much LDL in the blood causes a Too much LDL in the blood causes a build up build up

What LDL does What LDL does

it can slowly build up in the inner it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain, forming plaque, a heart and brain, forming plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog thick, hard deposit that can clog those arteries those arteries

ATHEROSCLEROSISATHEROSCLEROSIS

This condition is known as This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and . If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can blocks a narrowed artery, it can cause a heart attack or stroke. cause a heart attack or stroke. 

HDL- Good cholesterolHDL- Good cholesterol

HDL cholesterol is known as the HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol "good" cholesterol

HDL tends to carry cholesterol away HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the liver, where it's passed from the body. body.

Increasing your HDLsIncreasing your HDLs

Increase the Increase the monounsaturatedmonounsaturated fats in your diet.fats in your diet. – canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in

the fats found in peanut butter the fats found in peanut butter

Add soluble Add soluble fiberfiber to your diet. to your diet.

– oats, fruits, vegetables, and legumesoats, fruits, vegetables, and legumes– at least two servings a day at least two servings a day

What NOT to eat…What NOT to eat…

Saturated fatty acids - which come Saturated fatty acids - which come from animal fats (meat, lard, dairy from animal fats (meat, lard, dairy products) and tropical oils such as products) and tropical oils such as coconut and palm oils - raise the coconut and palm oils - raise the levels of LDL cholesterol. levels of LDL cholesterol.

NO GOOD FOR YOUNO GOOD FOR YOU

stick margarines contain the most stick margarines contain the most trans fatty acid, tub margarines trans fatty acid, tub margarines contain less, and semi-liquid contain less, and semi-liquid margarines contain the leastmargarines contain the least

Obesity HazardsObesity Hazards

Risk of: strokes, diabetes, heart Risk of: strokes, diabetes, heart disease, HBPdisease, HBP

Appendicitis Appendicitis Arthritis Arthritis Hernia Hernia

Need to change our Need to change our LifestyleLifestyle

2/3 of Americans are overweight2/3 of Americans are overweight

Get Healthy NOWGet Healthy NOW

Cardiovascular disease develops Cardiovascular disease develops gradually, over many yearsgradually, over many years

Leading a healthy lifestyle now is Leading a healthy lifestyle now is important for future healthimportant for future health