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PRESENTATION ON

CARDIAC FAILURE

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PRESENTED BY- Marzeea Ahmad Raka

ID: 1320703046

Suraiya Ahmed

ID: 1320916046

Nusrat Alam Mou

ID: 1321238046

Usha showdagor

ID: 1320012046

Mir Tasnia Noshin

ID: 1320877046

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OBJECTIVESDefinition of Cardiac Failure

Sign and symptoms of Cardiac Failure

Types of Cardiac Failure (Right and Left)

Causes of Cardiac Failure

Diagnosis of Cardiac Failure

Treatment of Cardiac Failure

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What is Cardiac Failure?

• In medical terms cardiac failure is defined as the condition when heart is unable to pump enough blood required for normal body functions.

• Human body needs sufficient amount of oxygen which is supplied by heart through blood. Heart failure or cardiac failure is a serious condition and needs immediate medical care.

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Heart attack leads to Cardiac arrest or heart failure !

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Signs & Symptoms

• Congested Lungs

• Dyspnea (shortness of breath)

• Dizziness, Fatigue and Weakness

• Fluid and Water retention

• Peripheral Edema

• Rapid or irregular heart beats

• Most common noncardiac signs and symptoms of heart

failure include anorexia, nausea, weight loss, bloating,

weakness, oliguria (less urine output), nocturia (excess

urine output), and cerebral symptoms of varying severity,

ranging from anxiety to memory impairment and confusion.

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TYPES OF CARDIAC FAILURE

Mainly two types-

1)Left cardiac failure

2)Right cardiac failure

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LEFT CARDIAC FAILURE

Involves the left ventricle (lower chamber) of the

heart.

Systolic failure

• The heart looses it’s ability to contract or pump

blood into the circulation.

Diastolic failure

• The heart looses it’s ability to relax because it

becomes stiff.

• Heart cannot fill properly between each beat.

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Systolic and diastolic heart failure are

treated with different types of

medications.

In both types, blood may “back up” in

the lungs causing fluid to leak into the

lungs (pulmonary edema).

Fluid may also build up in tissues

throughout the body (edema).

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Right CARDIAC Failure

Usually occurs as a result of left

heart failure

The right ventricle pumps blood

to the lungs for oxygen

Occasionally isolated right heart

failure can occur due to lung

disease or blood clots to the lung

(pulmonary embolism)

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CAUSES OF CARDIAC FAILURE

Coronary artery disease

Heart attack

High blood pressure

Heart muscle diseases (cardiomyopathy)

Heart inflammation (myocarditis)

Congenital heart defects

Severe lung disease

Diabetes

Severe anemia

Hyperthyroidism

Abnormal heart rhythms

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CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Coronary artery disease (CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply

blood and oxygen to the heart.

Cholesterol and fatty deposits build up in the heart’s arteries

Less blood and oxygen reach the heart muscle

This causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle and occasionally

damages the heart muscle

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HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

If a person has high blood pressure, this

means that his/her heart has to work

harder to push blood throughout body. To

cope with this extra effort, heart becomes

thicker and stiffer, which makes it less

able to do its job.

Uncontrolled high blood pressure doubles

a persons risk of developing heart failure.

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Heart attack:A heart attack occurs when a coronary artery becomes suddenly blocked, stopping the flow of blood to the heart muscle. A heart attack damages the heart muscle, resulting in a scarred area that does not function properly.

Diabetes:Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of heart failure (HF) independent of coronary heart disease and hypertension and may cause a cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle).

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OTHERS Severe anemia

• Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen.

• Heart beats faster and can become overtaxed

with the effort.

Hyperthyroidism

• Body metabolism is increased and

overworks the heart.

Abnormal Heart Rhythm

• If the heart beats too fast, too slow or

irregular it may not be able to pump enough

blood to the body.

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Diagnosis of Cardiac Failure

• Blood tests

• B-type Natriuretic Peptide

(BNP) blood test

• CXR (Chest X-ray)

• EKG (Echocardiogram)

• ECG (Electrocardiogram)

• EF (Ejection fraction)

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TREATMENTS

Medication is the first line of treatment for heart failure. The

drugs include the following:

Diuretics (frusemide, spironolactone, metolazone)

Beta blockers (bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol,

nebivolol)

ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, ramipril, peridopril)

Angiotensin receptor blockers (candesartan, valsartan,

losartan)

Digoxin

Nitrates

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TREATMENT OPTIONS

Surgery and other Medical

Procedures: Not often used in heart

failure unless there is a correctable

problem.

Coronary artery bypass

Angioplasty

Valve replacement

Defibrillator implantation

Heart transplantation

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)

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CHANGES IN LIFESTYLEStop smoking

Loose weight

Avoid alcohol

Avoid or limit caffeine

Eat a low-fat, low-sodium diet

Exercise

Reduce stress

Keep track of symptoms and weight and report any changes or concern to the doctor

Limit fluid intake

Consult with doctor more frequently

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REFERENCES• Textbook of Medical Physiology- Guyton

& Hall

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure

• http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-failure

• http://medimoon.com/2012/08/what-is-the-difference-between-heart-attack-and-heart-failure/

• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/basics/symptoms/con-20029801

• http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-failure?page=2#3

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THANK YOU !