cardiovascular drug chart
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7/29/2019 Cardiovascular Drug Chart
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Cardiovascular DrugsBeta-Adrenergic Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers ACE Inhibitors Diuretics
Prototype Atenolol (Tenormin) Propranolol (Inderal)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Captopril (Capoten)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Benazepril (Lotensin)
Action blocks beta receptors in heart; excitabilityof heart; reduces cardiac workload andoxygen consumption; release of renin;lowers BP by reducing CNS stimuli
blocks calcium access to cellscausing: contractility + conductivity of the heart
resulting in demand for O2. -> oxygenation of myocardialcells
blocks ACE in lungs fromconverting angiotensin I to
angiotensin II (powerful
vasoconstrictor); causes BP, aldosterone secretion, sodium
and fluid loss
Loop diuretics inhibit Na andCl reabsorption through direct
action primarily in the
ascending loop of Henle but
also in the proximal and distal
tubules. Thiazide diuretics act
primarily on the distal tubules,
habiting Na and Cl
reabsorption.
Indications HTN (used with diuretics), angina,
supraventricular tachycardia, prevent
recurrent MI, migraine headache, stage fright
(Propranolol) & heart failure
Angina, HTN, dysrhythmias,
interstitial cystitis, migraines
HTN, CHF Edema (heart, liver, or kidney),
HTN
Contraindications
breastfeeding, children, hypersensitivity,heart block, K-sparing diuretics, bilateral
renal artery stenosis, angioedema
heart block, Pregnancy, breastfeeding,severe adrenocortical
impairement, anuria, oliguria
Caution dialysis pts., hypovolemia, leukemia,
scleroderma, SLE, blood dyscrasias, CHF,
diabetes mellitus, thyroid/renal/hepatic
disease, COPD, asthma
Fluid & electrolyte depletion,
gout
SE/Adverse bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbance, CHF, BP, depression, dizziness
BP, Bradycardia, mayprecipitate A-V block,
headache, abdominal
discomfort (constipation,
nausea), peripheral edema
dizziness, orthostatic
hypotension, GI distress,
nonproductive cough,
headache
Dehydration, hyponatremia,
hypochloremia, hypokalemia,
unusual tiredness, weakness,
dizziness, irregular heartbeat,
weak pulse, orthostatic
hypotension, tinnitus,
hyperglycemia, hearing lossDrug-Drug K-sparing diuretics, sympathomimetics, K+
supplements
Digitalis, lithium, NSAIDS, &
other antihypertensive meds
Interventions - Do not discontinue abruptly, taper
gradually over 2 wks, take with meals,
provide rest periods, for diabetic pts., block
normal signs of hypoglycemia (sweating,
tachycardia); monitor blood glucose,
medications have antianginal and
antiarrhythmic actions
- Monitor v/s, do not chew or
divide sustained-release
tablets, medications also have
antianginal actions, contact
HCP if BP < 90/60, instruct pt.
to avoid grapefruit juice
(verapamil), monitor for signs
of HF
- absorption if taken withfood- give 1 h ac or 2 h pc,
small, frequent meals, frequent
mouth care, change position
slowly, can be used with
thiazide diuretics
- monitor for adequate I&O and
K+ loss, monitor for weight and
v/s, monitor for S&S of hearing
loss, which may last 1-24 hrs,
teach pt. to take meds early in
the day, teach to report any
hearing loss or signs of gout