CardiovasculCardiovascularar

System System

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Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem

A transport system composed of A transport system composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

…is the only system with access to every living cell of the body.

The HeartThe HeartA hollow, 4 - chambered organ, about the size of your fist.

Weighs less than 1 pound, and pumps approximately 1500 gallons of blood/day.

Layers of HeartLayers of Heart

Pericardium - outer layer of heart Pericardium - outer layer of heart (skin) (skin)

Epicardium - thin “skin” of heartEpicardium - thin “skin” of heart Myocardium - muscular partMyocardium - muscular part Endocardium - inner lining of Endocardium - inner lining of

heartheart

Chambers of Chambers of HeartHeart

2 Atria -

receive blood

2 Ventricles -

push blood away

Coronary CirculationCoronary Circulation

The Coronary arteries are the first arterial The Coronary arteries are the first arterial branches off the Aortabranches off the Aorta

Supplies oxygen and nutrients to Supplies oxygen and nutrients to myocardium of heart.myocardium of heart.

Removes carbon dioxide & wastes from Removes carbon dioxide & wastes from myocardium.myocardium.

The Heart takes care of itself first…The Heart takes care of itself first…

Coronary Arteries & Veins

Coronary Circulation

Chambers of Chambers of HeartHeart

2 Atria -

receive blood

2 Ventricles -

push blood away

Right Atrium

Tricuspid Valve

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Pulmonary Arteries

Lungs

Pulmonary Veins

Left Atrium

Pulmonary Circulatory Route

The Conducting System of the The Conducting System of the HeartHeart

The conducting system initiates and The conducting system initiates and conducts and distributes electrical conducts and distributes electrical impulses.impulses.

The human heart has the capactity The human heart has the capactity to contract on its own w/o to contract on its own w/o stimulation by nerves or hormones stimulation by nerves or hormones (pacemaker).(pacemaker).

Conduction Conduction SystemSystem

From the brain…

to the SA Node…

to the atria…

the AV Node…

the Bundle of His…

the right and left ventricles.

Arteries & VeinsArteries & Veins

Veins - Vena CavaAorta - Arteries

Circulation Channels

Venous Venous PumpPump

Heart

Venous PumpVenous Pump Valves - formed from folds of tunica intima Valves - formed from folds of tunica intima

prevent backflow of blood in veinules & prevent backflow of blood in veinules & veins.veins.

Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of veins provide force to move blood from one veins provide force to move blood from one valve through the next toward the heart.valve through the next toward the heart.

Distal valves close preventing backflow of Distal valves close preventing backflow of blood when skeletal muscles relax, blood when skeletal muscles relax, reducing pressure on walls of veins.reducing pressure on walls of veins.

Pulse PointsPulse Points

Temporal

Facial

Common Carotid

Brachial

Radial

Femoral

Popliteal

Dorsalis pedis

Hepatic Portal CirculationHepatic Portal Circulation

The term “PORTAL” is used to refer to The term “PORTAL” is used to refer to veinsveins which carry blood to organs other which carry blood to organs other than the heart.than the heart.

Materials absorbed into the blood in the Materials absorbed into the blood in the digestive system are carried into veins digestive system are carried into veins which form into a single which form into a single hepatic portal hepatic portal veinvein which leads to the liver. There which leads to the liver. There those materials are processed before those materials are processed before the blood continues on to the heart.the blood continues on to the heart.

Portal Portal CirculationCirculation

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BloodBlood

A liquid connective tissue found in A liquid connective tissue found in the bodythe body

Thicker than waterThicker than water A pH of 7.4A pH of 7.4

Blood has 3 primary functions; Blood has 3 primary functions; distribution, regulation and distribution, regulation and protection protection

Blood Functions - DistributionBlood Functions - Distribution

Supplies Oxygen from lungs to cellsSupplies Oxygen from lungs to cells Supplies nutrients from digestive Supplies nutrients from digestive

system to cellssystem to cells Transports metabolic wastes from Transports metabolic wastes from

cells to disposal sitescells to disposal sites Transports hormones to target Transports hormones to target

tissues/organstissues/organs

Blood Functions - Blood Functions - RegulationRegulation

Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature Regulates the pH of body fluidsRegulates the pH of body fluids Regulates blood volume to support Regulates blood volume to support

efficient circulation to cells, tissues, efficient circulation to cells, tissues, organs & systemsorgans & systems

Blood Functions - Blood Functions - ProtectionProtection

Prevents blood lossPrevents blood loss Prevents infection through the Prevents infection through the

activity of white blood cells, activity of white blood cells, complement & antibodiescomplement & antibodies

BloodBlood

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Red Blood Red Blood CellsCells

In an adult, RBC’s are formed In an adult, RBC’s are formed primarily in red marrow of the bones primarily in red marrow of the bones of the chest, vertebrae and pelvis.of the chest, vertebrae and pelvis.

Yellow marrow can convert to red Yellow marrow can convert to red marrow if the body needs it. marrow if the body needs it. (emergencies)(emergencies)

Blood cells originate from stem cells.Blood cells originate from stem cells.

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Blood Cells

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Red Blood Red Blood CellsCells

Carry gases in the bodyCarry gases in the body the most abundant cell in the the most abundant cell in the

body/approx. 20,000 - 30,000 trillionbody/approx. 20,000 - 30,000 trillion 5,000,000 in one pinprick of blood5,000,000 in one pinprick of blood live only about 120 dayslive only about 120 days replaced at a rate of about 2,000,000 replaced at a rate of about 2,000,000

p/secp/sec

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White Blood White Blood CellsCells

LeukocytesLeukocytes part of the bodies defense systempart of the bodies defense system five types; neutrophil, eosinophil, five types; neutrophil, eosinophil,

basophil, monocytes, and basophil, monocytes, and lymphocyteslymphocytes

1 wbc for every 1000 rbc’s1 wbc for every 1000 rbc’s live hours to dayslive hours to days

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PlateletsPlatelets

Also referred to as, ThrombocytesAlso referred to as, Thrombocytes major function to prevent blood lossmajor function to prevent blood loss smallest visible particles in blood smallest visible particles in blood

(thickest)(thickest) control clottingcontrol clotting live only 5 - 9 dayslive only 5 - 9 days

Plasma

PlasmaPlasma

Liquid part of Liquid part of bloodblood

Contains:Contains:– WaterWater– ProteinsProteins– HormonesHormones– NutrientsNutrients– ElectrolytesElectrolytes– Respiratory GasesRespiratory Gases– WastesWastes

Blood FlowBlood Flow

Pulmonary Circulation Heart - Lungs - Heart

Systemic Circulation

Heart - Body - Heart

Circulation Channels

Pulmonary Pulmonary CirculationCirculation

Transports blood (low in oxygen) Transports blood (low in oxygen) from the right ventricle to the lungs.from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Exchange of oxygen and carbon Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between alveoli & dioxide occurs between alveoli & blood in pulmonary capillaries.blood in pulmonary capillaries.

Returns blood to left atrium.Returns blood to left atrium.

Systemic Systemic CirculationCirculation

Provides the functional blood supply to Provides the functional blood supply to all tissues of the body.all tissues of the body.

Supplies Oxygen and other nutrients to Supplies Oxygen and other nutrients to body tissues and organs.body tissues and organs.

Removes Carbon Dioxide and other Removes Carbon Dioxide and other wastes.wastes.

Systemic circulation pathways arise from Systemic circulation pathways arise from the aorta and end in the right atrium.the aorta and end in the right atrium.

Blood Blood alwaysalways goes through the goes through the pulmonary circulation before it enters the pulmonary circulation before it enters the systemic circulation.systemic circulation.

AneurysmAneurysm

Weakness of the wall of an artery causing an Weakness of the wall of an artery causing an abnormal enlargement or bulge.abnormal enlargement or bulge.

The aorta or the arteries that supply the heart, The aorta or the arteries that supply the heart, brain, legs or kidneys are most commonly brain, legs or kidneys are most commonly affected.affected.

Varicose VeinsVaricose Veins

Veins that are stretched, dilated & Veins that are stretched, dilated & overfilled with blood due to overfilled with blood due to incompetent valvesincompetent valves

Contributing causes:Contributing causes:– Weak valves or veins - (heredity)Weak valves or veins - (heredity)– Excessive weightExcessive weight– Excessive standing, strainingExcessive standing, straining– Inadequate exerciseInadequate exercise– Increased intra-pelvic pressure - Increased intra-pelvic pressure -

pregnancy, constipationpregnancy, constipation

Varicose Varicose VeinsVeins

Angina PectorisAngina Pectoris

Medical term for chest pain due to coronary Medical term for chest pain due to coronary heart disease.heart disease.

It occurs when the myocardium doesn’t get It occurs when the myocardium doesn’t get as much blood (Oxygen) as it needs.as much blood (Oxygen) as it needs.

Insufficient blood supply is called Insufficient blood supply is called ischemiaischemia.. May initially occur during physical exercise, May initially occur during physical exercise,

stress, or extreme temperatures.stress, or extreme temperatures. It is a sign of increased risk of heart attack.It is a sign of increased risk of heart attack.

ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis ((AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis))

Narrowing and hardening of arteriesNarrowing and hardening of arteries and and impairment of blood flow impairment of blood flow due to the due to the deposition of fatty materials and calciumdeposition of fatty materials and calcium in in their walls.their walls.

Risk factors include:Risk factors include:– smokingsmoking– inactivityinactivity– diabetesdiabetes– high blood cholesterolhigh blood cholesterol– personal or family history of heart diseasepersonal or family history of heart disease

Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis (Atherosclerosis):(Atherosclerosis):

All images copyright © Camera M.D. Studios. Special thanks to Gregory Curfman, M.D..

This photograph of a cross section of a coronary artery affected by arteriosclerosis shows the effects on arterial blood flow.*

Benefits of Massage to the Benefits of Massage to the Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

Increases circulation of O2 and Increases circulation of O2 and nutrients to cellsnutrients to cells

Increases circulation/removal of CO2 Increases circulation/removal of CO2 and wastesand wastes

Increases circulation of RBCs and Increases circulation of RBCs and WBCsWBCs

Increases metabolismIncreases metabolism

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Cardio

System

Crossword

Puzzle

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BCFH

DA

E

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Cardio Quiz 1 Answers

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. A

7. D

8. C

Cardio Quiz 2 Answers

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. A

5. B

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. A

10.B

11.A

12.A