cardiovascular system
DESCRIPTION
anatomi dan fisiologi sistem kardiovaskularTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cardiovascular System
Physiology DepartmentMedical Faculty, Hasanuddin University
![Page 2: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ANATOMY OF THE HEART
THE HEART WALL :• Endocardium • Myocardium• Epicardium• Pericardium
INTERNAL ANATOMYOF THE HEART : 1. Right Atrium2. Right Ventricle3. Left Atrium4. Left Ventricle
![Page 3: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
POSITION OF THE HEART :Left : linea medioclavicularis
sinistraRight : linea parasternalis
dextraTop : intercostal II
Bottom : intercostal V
• VALVES :• 1. Semilunar valves : - aortic valve• - pulmonary valve• 2. Atrioventricular valves : - bicuspid (mitral) valve• - tricuspid valve
![Page 4: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Conducting System
1. Sinoatrial (SA) node2. Internodal pathways3. Atrioventricular (AV)
node4. Bundle of His5. Bundle branches6. Purkinje fibers
![Page 5: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Action Potential of the Heart
![Page 7: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)
![Page 10: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. P wave : atrial depolarization2. QRS complex : ventricular
depolarization- Q : septum interventricular- R : apex- S : posterobasal
3. T wave : ventricular repolarization4. U wave : late ventricular
depolarization
Electrocardiography(ECG/EKG)
![Page 11: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Heart Cycle
![Page 12: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Heart Cycle :1. Filling Phase
a. Rapid fillingb. Slow filling (diastasis)c. Atrial contraction
2. Isovolumetric Contraction Phase3. Ejection Phase4. Isovolumetric Relaxation
![Page 13: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Heart Sounds
There are four heart sounds :S1 : the AV valves closeS2 : the semilunar valves closeS3 : blood flowing to the ventriclesS4 : atrial contraction
![Page 14: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cardiodynamics
CO = SV x HRCardiac Output (CO) : the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute.Stroke Volume (SV) : the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single beat.Heart Rate : the frequency of heart beats in 1 minute.
![Page 17: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CardiodynamicsEnd-Diastolic Volume (EDV) : the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole (the start of ventricular systole)End-Systolic Volume (ESV) : the amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of ventricular systole (the start of ventricular diastole)
Ejection Fraction : the percentage of the EDV represented by the ESV.
EDV – ESV = SV
![Page 18: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Factors Affecting Cardiac Output
![Page 20: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Regulation of heart activities
1. Instrinsic regulation :
Heterometric :the ability of heart to increase it’s pressure at different heart volume
Homeometric : the ability of heart to create different pressure at the
same volume
![Page 21: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2.Extrinsic regulation
central nervous system- autonomic nervous system symphathetic (thoraco-lumbal) parasymphathetic (cervico-sacral)-baroreceptor reflex-vasomotor area hormonal
![Page 22: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DYSRHYTHMIA
1. Impulses Forming
2. Electrical Conduction
![Page 23: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Impulses Forming
1. Bradycardia
2. Tachycardia
3. Premature contraction
![Page 24: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Electrical Conduction
1. Sinoatrial block
2. Atrioventrikuler block
3. Reentry
4. Bundle branch block
![Page 25: Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062720/563db782550346aa9a8bb3e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)