cardiovascular system blood vessels. general 3 types of blood vessels: -arteries -veins -capillaries...
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Blood Vessels
GENERAL
3 Types of Blood Vessels:- Arteries- Veins- Capillaries
Typical Blood flow:- Heart Arteries Arterioles Capillaries
Venules Veins Heart
STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS
3 Tunics (Coats):- Tunica Intima (Interna)
*Innermost, Thin
*Endothelium (Simple Squamous E.T.) + C.T.
- Tunica Media
*Middle, Thickest
STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS continued
* Smooth Muscle Fibers, Arranged Circularly
* C.T. (Elastic & Collagen)
- Tunica Externa (Adventitia)* Fibrous C.T. Sheath
The Vascular SystemThe Vascular System
Slide 11.24
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Figure 11.8b
ARTERIES
Carry Blood Away From the HeartUnder Highest PressureThickest Walled (Tunica Media)Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood Pulmonary Arteries Carry O2 Poor Blood
Systemic Arteries Carry O2 Rich Blood
ARTERIES continued
Arterioles
- Smallest arteries
- Deliver Blood to Capillaries
- Regulate Capillary Blood Flow
VEINS
Return Blood to the HeartThinner-walledWider Lumen, Greater DiameterTend to be more Superficially Located
The Vascular SystemThe Vascular System
Slide 11.24
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Figure 11.8b
VEINS continued
Under Lowest Pressure- Valves
* In Veins Carrying Blood Against GravityVenules
- Smallest Veins- Receive Blood from Capillaries
The Anatomy of VeinsThe Anatomy of Veins
Slide 11.24
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.8b
VEINS continued
Venous Return Assisted By: - Muscular Compression
* Skeletal Muscle Contractions* Aids Venous Return
- Respiratory Pump* Pressure Drops in Thoracic Cavity During
Inhalation, Pulling Blood into Venae Cavae
Movement of Blood Through Movement of Blood Through VesselsVessels
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Arterial blood is pumped by the heart
Veins use the milking action of muscles to help move blood
Figure 11.9
CAPILLARIES
Thinnest Walls (tunica intima)Site of Exchange via DiffusionSome capillaries form Capillary BedsPrecapillary Sphincters (& smooth muscle
in arterioles) regulate blood flow into capillaries
Slide 11.28b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.10
Hepatic Portal System
Carries Venous Blood From Capillaries in Digestive Organs to Capillaries in Liver
Contains Substances Absorbed from Digestive Tract (Nutrients, Wastes, Toxins)
Liver Stores, Converts, DetoxifiesLiver also Receives Arterial Blood from
Hepatic Artery
Special Circuits: Hepatic Portal Special Circuits: Hepatic Portal SystemSystem
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Figure 11.14
Fig. 13.19
FETAL CIRCULATION - General
Differs from Adult“Non-functional” Lungs & Digestive TractPrimary Functions Carried out by Mom’s
SystemsExchange Between Fetal Blood &
Maternal Blood Occurs at Placenta
FETAL CIRCULATION – Fetal Vessels
Placental or Umbilical Vein- Returns O2 Rich Blood from Placenta to
Fetus- Branches Below Liver; 1st Branch Joins
Portal Vein
Ductus Venosus- Branch of Umbilical Vein (O2 Rich)
- Bypasses Liver; Empties into Inferior Vena Cava
Special Circuits: Fetal CirculationSpecial Circuits: Fetal Circulation
Slide 11.34
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Figure 11.15
FETAL CIRCULATION – Fetal Vessels continued
Foramen Ovale- Interatrial Opening- Bypasses Pulmonary Circ.
Ductus Arteriosus- Connects Pulmonary Trunk & Aorta- Bypasses Pulmonary Circ.
Special Circuits: Fetal CirculationSpecial Circuits: Fetal Circulation
Slide 11.34
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.15
FETAL CIRCULATION – Fetal Vessels continued
Placental or Umbilical Arteries (2)- Branch off Internal Iliac Arteries- Carry Blood towards Placenta
Special Circuits: Fetal CirculationSpecial Circuits: Fetal Circulation
Slide 11.34
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.15
FETAL CIRCULATION – Fate of Fetal Vessels
Umbilical Vein Round Ligament of Liver
Ductus Venosus Ligamentum VenosumForamen Ovale Fossa OvalisDuctus Arteriosus Ligamentum
ArteriosumUmbilical Arteries Umbilical Ligaments
Coronary Circuit
Part of Systemic circuitCoronary Arteries are 1st vessels to branch
from aorta (ascending aorta) Supply myocardium of heart with oxygenDrain into right atrium via coronary sinus
