Volume- 1

2

The recent controversy over the arrest of 3 players of Rajasthan Royals for alleged ‘spot-fixing’ has brought thespotlight on the murky side of IPL. Behind all the glitz and glamour, there is a world of corruption and greed. Thereis also a growing view that betting on cricket (and sports in general) should be legalized.

Gambling and Sports Betting

Gambling is one of mankind’s oldest vices and has been around in since ancient civilizations. Gambling forms a keypart of Mahabharata, where Duryodhana, with the help of Shakuni cheats Yudhisthira and the Pandavas in a gameof dice.

In Modern India though, Gambling has largely been seen by the government as a sinful activity, which must beprohibited.

The Public Gambling Act of 1867 prohibits running or being in charge of a public gaming house. The penalty forbreaking this law is a fine of 200 rupees or imprisonment of up to 3 months. Additionally, this Act prohibits visitinggambling houses. A fine of Rs 100 or imprisonment of up to one month is the penalty. The Information Technology Act2000 regulates cyber activities in India and prohibits publication or transmission of information that can corruptpeople. This includes online gambling and the punishment for such activities is much more serious than for offlinegambling operations – the fine is Rs 100,000 or imprisonment up to 5 years

Despite the existing prohibitive legislation, there is extensive illegal gambling throughout the country. The Indiangambling market is estimated to be worth US $60 billion per year. This includes

(a) Legal gambling: Horse racing, Lotteries and Casino’s (Sikkim and Goa are the only states where Casino’s havebeen legalized)

(b) Online gambling: Indians making bets through online sites based abroad. Money is transferred through creditcards or various eWallet services. This is a legal grey area as these sites are legal in their own country

(c) Illegal gambling: Satta, Matka or Cricket betting run by illegal bookies many of them connected to the underworld,with links to people like Dawood Ibrahim

Match Fixing and Spot fixing?Match fixing is a term used to denote the ‘fixing’ of a match to get a pre-determined outcome. This ensures (especiallyso if it is an statistically unlikely outcome) that specific bookies win heavily at the expense of the bettors. Forexample if we have a Pakistan – Bangladesh match in a world cup, the odds favor a Pakistan win and it is likely thatmost people bet on a Pakistan win. However if some players (or umpires) are bribed to ensure an upset win forBangladesh, then the bookies tend to make a lot of money.

However, given that a game like cricket is a team game with 11 players each, it is difficult to bribe all or a largeenough number of players to be sure of the outcome of the match. Hence Spot Fixing is known to be used. Spot Fixingrelates to betting on certain specific controlling sub events within the game, such as the number of runs scored bya specific batsman, runs conceded in a particular over etc. Since Cricket is game with many such small outcomesoccurring almost every minute, it is highly vulnerable to spot fixing. And these smaller outcomes can be fixed by abribing a particular player. For example Ajit Chandila and Sreesanth are allegedly to have fixed the number of runsto be conceded in a particular over (>11 runs for example). Also Mohd. Asif and Mohd Amir of Pakistan wereconvicted of being bribed to bowl no balls at a predetermined point.

A new Law against Match FixingIt seems to be that the Indian Penal Code has no law against Match or Spot Fixing and the players can at best be triedunder Section 420 relating to cheating. Who cheated whom? Can intention to cheat and wrongful loss be proven?While it can be said that genuine sports lovers including ticket-paying spectators have been cheated, that would be

Volume- 1

33

difficult to prove. In fact, Rajasthan Royals, which has contracted the players, is the only entity who can file acheating compliant and the penalty appears too light.

The Union Law Ministry is said to be contemplating a new law that makes Match and spot fixing a criminal offencecreating provisions for strict punishment. Currently the minister is consulting the attorney general as well as Boardof Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) on this issue.

Should sports betting be legalized?Following the controversy, many experts have called for a legalization of sports betting in the country. Lets study thearguments for and against the proposal.

FORLegalizing sports betting would bring in more competition and transparency into the secret world of bookies, whichcould curtail illegal betting. International betting houses have ensured that betting online is safe, secure andsubject to minimum interference by outsiders

People who place bets today have no legal protection in case of cheating by the bookie.

When something such as gambling is made illegal, it does not prevent the activity, it simply drives it ‘underground’.It then allows criminal elements to earn and grow and even use the funds for other criminal activities like drugsmuggling and terrorism.

Competition from private legal betting corporations would wipe out or largely diminish illegal betting syndicates.It would also make Match Fixing and Spot fixing easier to identify and punish.

Legalizing betting, the court said, would help the government keep track of the transfer of funds (currently donethrough ‘hawala’ channels) and even use the revenue generated for public welfare

Lastly the argument that laws should be made to protect us from injury or harm from others rather than to protectus from ourselves by regulating actions that are made through free will and do not harm others

AgainstGambling is sinful activity, which should not be encouragedGambling is addictive and can ruin the individuals and families. There is substantial evidence that gambling can bean addiction and people have been known to bankrupt themselves ruining their own lives as well as those of theirfamily.Legalizing gambling may allow criminal elements to form ‘legal’ corporations and indulge in money laundering.

Volume- 1

4

NAXAL s and SALWA JUDUMThe term ‘Naxal’ derives from the name of the Naxalbari village in West Bengal, where the Naxalite movement hadits origin. The Naxals are considered far-left radical communists, supportive of Maoist political sentiment andideology. Their origin can be traced to the split in 1967 of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), leading to theformation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). Initially started in West Bengal and then in lateryears, it spread into less developed areas of rural southern and eastern India, such as Chhattisgarh, Odisha andAndhra Pradesh through the activities of underground groups like the Communist Party of India (Maoist). Thevarious groups CPI (ML), PWG, MCC etc have merged to become CPM (Maoist). They oppose our constitutionaldemocracy and seek to form a ‘People’s Govt’ through armed rebellion. They have a strong presence in the backwardespecially Tribal areas, typically remote underdeveloped areas with forest cover. They have strong presence in thestates of Jharkhand, Bengal, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh.

Chhattisgarh has always been a favorite with the Naxals. The Bastar and Dantewada districts of Chhattisgarh havetraditionally been sparsely populated and rich in natural resources but also with some of the poorest tribalregions. The Naxalites progressively increased their influence and control among local tribals through a combinationof political mobilization (around poor governance, land rights, livelihood and social inequity) and force.

The first movement against the Naxalites in Chhattisgarh was the ‘Jan Jagran Abhiyan’, started in 1991 by MahendraKarma, a local tribal leader. This was mostly led by local traders and businessmen. This collapsed, and the leadershad to seek police protection.

Then since June 2005, the Government of Chhattisgarh, with the support of the Home Ministry has been waging acounter-insurgency operation against the Naxalites in a ‘spontaneous’, ‘self initiated’,’ peaceful’, ‘people’s movement’named the Salwa Judum in Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh. The district administration claims that upset withthe Maoist strike call on collecting Tendu leaves and opposition to development works like road construction andgrain levies, people in some 200 villages began mobilizing against the Maoists, going on processions and holdingmeetings. Mahendra Karma, a Congress Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and the leader of opposition inthe State Legislative Assembly became the public front and took the movement to various parts of the region.

Far from being a peaceful campaign, Salwa Judum ‘activists’ are armed with guns, lathis, axes, bows and arrows. Upto January 2007, 4048 “Special Police Officers” (SPOs) had been appointed by the Government under the ChhattisgarhPolice Regulations, who were paid an honorarium of Rs 1,500 (Rs 3000 in 2011) per month by the state government,were trained and armed, with mostly .303 rifles. They actively participated in the Salwa Judum and are givenmilitary and weapons training by the security forces as part of an official plan to create a civil vigilante structureparallel to that of the Naxalites.

Salwa Judum herded villagers and tribals in makeshift camps, where human rights abuses were rife. Entire villageswere abandoned completely in order to deny supplies and information to the Maoists. Salwa Judum became increasinglyviolent and out of control. Salwa Judum is also accused of burning and evacuating out 644 or more villages, making300,000 people flee their homes. Since the inception of the movement in 2005, over 800 people, including some 300security personnel, have been killed by the Naxalites, SPO deaths alone total 98 — one in 2005; 29 in 2006; 66 in 2007;and 20 in 2008, when the Maoists rebels continued their attacks, though now considerably more dramatic from theprevious years, they were now splitting into smaller groups and specifically targeting Salwa Judum leaders andsecurity personnel who were ambushed in weekly markets in remote areas, and their weapons stolen, also postersthreatening Salwa Judum leaders continued to appear in villages across Dantewada and Bijapur

As the situation further escalated in the past few years, Human Rights Watch reported atrocities at both ends, andreported large scale displacement of the civilian population caught in the conflict between the Naxalites and SalwaJudum activists with at least 100,000 people moving to various camps in southern Chhattisgarh or fleeing toneighboring Andhra Pradesh as of early 2008. By mid-2008 the figure grew to 150,000 tribals being displaced. Therehas been widespread criticism of this government supported militia consisting of uneducated and in some casesminors with very little training. These SPO’s have indulged in violent crimes including looting and rape. They havesystematically targeted villages where people have refused to move to Salwa Judum camps and cut them off fromsupplies and access to education, healthcare etc

As reported in a leading newspaper, the Supreme Court directed the Chhattisgarh police to “immediately cease anddesist from using SPOs in any manner or form in any activities, directly or indirectly, aimed at controlling, countering,mitigating or otherwise eliminating Maoist/Naxalite activities” and directed the police to recall all firearms issuedto these men. On July 6, 2011 Supreme Court declared Salwa Judum as illegal.

On 25th May 2013, Mahendra Karma was assassinated by naxalites in a Maoist attack while returning froma Parivartan Rally meeting organized by his party in Sukma.

Volume- 1

55

National News

The Supreme Court has ruled that non ferrous metals giant Vedantacannot resume bauxite mining in Odisha’s Niyamgiri hills. India’s topcourt has ruled that the decision to allow Vedanta Resources to minebauxite in two districts of the eastern state of Odisha rests with localtribes. The gram sabha, or vi llage council, wil l look into theenvironmental and religious issues and the rights of the local peopleconcerning the project. London-listed mining firm Vedanta, which isowned by Indian businessman Anil Agarwal, plans to mine the Niyamgirihill range, home to deity Niyam Raja worshipped by the local tribeDongria Kondh. The Supreme Court has ruled that if the project affectsthe tribe’s religious sentiments, then those rights need to be protected.So far, Vedanta has spent $10 bn in Odisha to construct a power plant,an alumina refinery and an aluminum smelter.

The Central government has ordered investigation against some 73 companies running ponzi schemes in WestBengal for allegedly failing to pay back investors. The ministry of corporate affairs has received complaints against87 companies out of which 73 are in Bengal.

Aruna Bahuguna, an Andhra IPS is the first women to be appointed as a CRPFtop rung. She is appointed Special Director General of CRPF, India’s largestparamilitary force. She became the first woman officer to be appointed to thetop position. Her husband S. Jayaraman is also an IPS officer of the 1977 batchof West Bengal cadre and is presently special secretary in the Union homeministry handling internal security.

Justice Aftab Alam who was part of the Supreme Court bench which upheld the death sentence of Ajmal Kasab hasresigned. Justice Alam also headed the bench which delivered the recent verdict dismissing Swiss pharmaceuticalmajor Novartis AG’s plea seeking a patent for its cancer drug Glivec and thus paving the way for Indian firms tomanufacture generic drugs which can be afforded by lakhs of cancer patients here. He headed the forest bench afterthe retirement of ex-Chief Justice S H Kapadia, which delivered the verdict on the mining issues in Odisha andKarnataka. 65-year-old Justice Alam was also the part of the  bench which had ordered CBI probe  into  the fakeencounter killing of gangster Sohrabuddin Sheikh and subsequent elimination of his wife Kauser Bi by GujaratPolice. The judge headed the bench which had ordered a CBI probe into the murder of Tulsiram Prajapati, a keywitness in the Sohrabuddin case. In both the cases former Gujarat Minister and BJP General Secretary Amit Shah isan accused.

National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) figures show that the sexual offence againstchildren has increased in the country in the last decade. The report says that a total of48,338 child rapes were recorded between 2001-2011, and the nation saw an increase of336% of such cases from 2113 (2001) to 7112 (2011).

The Union Home Ministry has decided to incentivize the chase for Maoists in Jharkhand, which witnessed themaximum number of rebel attacks in the beginning of the year. The ministry notified that police personnel servingin all the 18 Maoist-affected districts in Jharkhand would be eligible for Police Internal Security Medal, which wasearlier restricted to only three districts - Garhwa, Palamu and Chatra and not more than 10 cops had received themedal.

Rail Minister’s nephew was arrested for promising an officer a top job for Rs.10 cr bribe. According to the CBI, VijaySingla had demanded Rs 10 cr for making Mahesh Kumar a Member (Electrical) of the Railway Board. Rs 90 lakh wasthe first instalment that was paid. The post is equivalent to that of a Secretary rank officer and is considered

Volume- 1

6

important for passing tenders for railway projects worth Rs 2,000 crore and above. Kumar was already promotedas Member (Staff) of the board; the deal was that his next post would be Member (Electrical).

PM promises to accelerate reforms pace to make India more attractive for investors. “Weare initiating measures to spur investment and to make India more attractive to investors,both at home and abroad,” Singh told the ADB (Asian Development Bank) annual meeting.Although the PM did not mention specific measures, he referred to the food security bill.“We also plan to provide our people a legal entitlement to food at affordable cost,” he said.

K Siddaramaiah of Congress party becomes the 22nd Chief Minister of Karnataka.Karnataka state Legislative Assembly election was held on 5 May 2013 for 223out of 224 assembly constituencies. The Indian National Congress emerged asthe majority party winning 121 seats defeating the incumbent Bharatiya JanataParty (BJP) which won only 40 seats. The Janata Dal (Secular) and KarnatakaJanata Paksha (KJP) won 40 seats and 6 seats respectively.

State finance ministers have turned down the Centre’s request to place mobile phones and tablets on the list ofdeclared goods under the proposed goods and service tax regime, saying the idea is untenable.

The centre will launch the direct benefit transfer (DBT) scheme for LPG customers in 20 districts from June 1.Announcing the decision to launch the DBTL, Petroleum and Natural Gas Minister Veerappa Moily on Wednesdaysaid that 76 lakh customers in 20 districts would get Rs 435 in their bank accounts every time they book an LPGrefill. Though the scheme is being launched as a pilot scheme, Moily said that the government wanted to extend thescheme to the entire country.

In New Delhi, CBI arrested its own officer heading the coal allocation probe for allegedly taking a bribe of Rs.7 lakhfrom a businessman outside its headquarters here to settle a land dispute. CBI’s internal vigilance apprehendedInspector Rajesh while receiving the bribe on behalf of SP Vivek Dutt, who was the Chief Investigator in the coalblocks allocation scam case.

The government has appointed auditors for the RBI after consulting with the Controller and Auditor General (CAG),reversing earlier practice of involving the central bank in the selection process. The two auditors appointed by thegovernment are V Sankar Aiyar & Co and Haribhakti & Co.

A severe shortage of ginger triggered by a steep decline in production has hit domestic andexports market. India is the world’s largest producer of ginger accounting for over 30% of theworlds output.

Three dairy farms in technical collaboration with the Netherland government will be set up bythe Union government with a focus of enhancing the yield and improving the production of value-added products.

Maoists ambushed a Congress convoy in chhattisgarh and killed 25 people, includingSalwa Judum founder Mahendra Karma, state congress chief Nand Kumar Patel and hisson and critically injured former Union minister Vidya Charan Sukhla. The Chhattisgarhgovernment has named a panel to investigate Saturday’s deadly attack. High court judgePrashant Mishra would probe the attack and submit his report in three months.Meanwhile, the central state’s top police and administration officials have been removedafter criticisms that “security lapses” led to the incident.

Volume- 1

77

The coal ministry has recommended Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) to meet coal demands of 78,000MW of power projects partly through imports since Coal India will not be able to cater more than 65-75% ofsupplies from its domestic production.

Former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was conferred with US based National Space Society’sWernher von Braun Memorial Award in San Diego on 24th May.

PM Manmohan Singh has presented the Padma Shri to Japanese Tamil scholarNoburu Karashima for his outstanding contribution in literature. The 80-year-oldMr. Karashima could not be present for the Padma awards ceremony in New Delhion April 5, 2013 due to health reasons. Mr. Karashima, presently ProfessorEmeritus at the University of Tokyo, had spent several years in India as a researchscholar on South Indian history and epigraphy at the University of Madras.

A PIL has been filed before a Madras High court bench seeking reinvestigation into the assassination of former PMRajiv Gandhi.

Tamil Nadu is the only state to achieve the target set under the “Saakshar Bharat” schemeby educating over 17.25 lakh adults. Over 6,304 coordinators in 3,152 centres were takingclasses on week days between 3 PM and 7 PM for these people. The Chief Minister hadencouraged more participation of women by introducing classes for soap making, tailoring,candle making and artificial jewellery making.

India is the largest recipient of remittances in the world, receiving $ 69 billion in 2012, the World Bank has said.

Volume- 1

8

International News

International Monetary Fund (IMF) Chief Christine Lagarde was questioned by a FrenchMagistrate in May over an arbitration payment made to a wealthy supporter of former PresidentNicolas Sarkozy. Lagarde has denied she did anything wrong when she ended a long-runningcourt battle between the state and Tapie by agreeing to arbitration to settle the dispute.

Islamist protesters clashed with opponents as they rallied to demand a purge of Egypt’s judiciary, a sign of risingtension between the Islamist government and legal organs.

Bangladesh has signed the biggest ever joint venture agreement with India involving investment of $1.6 billionfor 1,320 MW coal fired power plant which is expected to be operational in five years.

Pakistan police took former President Pervez Musharraf into custody to face allegations that heoverstepped his powers while in office. An anti-terrorism court extended formerPakistanPresident Pervez Musharraf’s detention remanding him in judicial custody for two weeks andthen granted him bail in a case accusing him of illegally detaining judges after imposingemergency in country in 2007.

US defence secretary Chuck Hagel has said a $10 billion arms deal under discussion with Arab andIsraeli allies sent a very clear signal to Tehran that military option remains on the table overnuclear programme.

More than half of the men held at the Guantanamo camp have joined a hunger strike to protest their detention. TheUS military counted 84 of the 166 prisoners as strikers and was forced feeding 16 of them liquid meals.

Israel’s senior military intelligence analyst has said that the Syrian government had repeatedly used chemical weaponsin the last month.

Former Egyptian finance minister Youssef Boutros Ghali was sentenced in absentia to life inprison in a corruption case.

With over 6 million unemployed, Spain’s jobless rate shot up to a record 27.2 per cent in the first quarter of the year.

Syrian prime minister Wael-al-halki has survived a bomb attack on his convoy in Damascus.

At least 14 people were killed and scores injured as Islamists , demanding tougher blasphemy law , fought with thepolice in Dhaka promoting a ban on rallies.

Volume- 1

99

The British Embassy is temporarily withdrawing some of its staff from Libya over concern about political uncertaintyand the risk of clashes between rival armed groups in Tripoli.

Bulgarian parties tried to cobble together a government after an election delivered a split parliament and left it inpolitical stalemate.

North Korea has replaced the hard line General Kim Kyok Sik who headed its armed forcesministry, in a further reshuffling of the top brass by leader Kim Jongum.

Russia has sent advanced anti-ship cruise missiles to Syria , a move that illustrates the depth of its support for the

Syrian Government led by President Bashar al – Assad.

An Indian police unit in Democratic Republic Of Congo has received the UN Peace Keeping Medal for its” high level ofcommitment” towards fighting criminals and maintaining peace in African nations.

North Korea launched three short-range guided missiles into the sea off its east coast, the South Koreandefence ministry said.

French President Francois Hollande has signed into a bill allowing same-sex marriage makingFrance the 14th country to legalize gay weddings.

Thousands of people protested in Rome against austerity policies and high unemployment, urging the new PrimeMinister Erico Letta to focus on creating jobs to help pull the country out of recession.

Mountaineer Samina Baig has become the first Pakistani woman to scale the Mount Everest, theworld’s highest mountain peak at 8,848 meters. An 80-year-old Japanese man also became theoldest person to climb to the top of the Mount Everest on 24th May.

Iran’s electoral watch dog said it would bar physically feeble candidates from running from president, in an apparenthint that it would disqualify 78-year-old former president Akbar Rafsanjani from the race.

Pakistan and China has agreed to consolidate their partnership and create joint economic corridorto promote bilateral economic cooperation during Chinese Prime Minister’s Li Keqiang visit toIslamabad.

More than 70 people were killed in a wave of bombings in Shia markets across Baghdad in worseningsectarian violence in Iraq.

Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suukyi has condemned policing by a district government tolimit Muslims families to two children.

Volume- 1

10

Business News

Reliance Industries is in the process of raising close to a billion dollars from leading global financial institutions andbanks, including JP Morgan, Wells Fargo, Citi and Barclays, by using its shale gas reserves in the US as collateral.

Mukesh Ambani’s Jio Infocomm has received a nod for using 10,000 mobile numbers it wouldrequire to test its 4G services without any compensation to be paid the government. Out ofthese, 4,000 numbers have been allotted for Delhi and Mumbai each, and the rest 2,000 inJamnagar in Gujarat.

The Supreme Court allowed Sesa Goa and eight other iron ore companies torestart operations in Karnataka. India’s top court today allowed Sesa GoaLtd. (SESA) and eight other iron ore companies to restart operations inKarnataka, 21 months after imposing a mining ban in the southern state forenvironmental breaches.

Alto retained its top selling slot in the Indian market , though sales slipped 15% to 2.66 lakh year-on-year. Sales ofmid-level cars like Maruti Swift jumped 20%, Hyundai i20’s 18%, Mahindra Bolero’s 17% in FY2013.

Cairn India plans to invest 5000 crore on its Rajasthan oil fields in three years to 2016 for an “over – archingintegrated block development plan” even as it seeks extension of block contract beyond 2020. Cairn India hasposted a 17 per cent jump in profit.

Global sales of connecting devices like smart phones, tablets and PCs are expected to surpass 2.2 billion units andtouch revenues of $814.3 billion by 2017.

Power and automation technology firm ABB will acquire US based solar energy company power-one for over $1billion.

After Nokia and Royal Dutch Shell, the income tax department has sent a demand notice to software giant Microsoft’sIndian arm, which said it has challenged the same.

Jet Airways has announced a strategic alliance with Etihad Airways, saying it would sell 24% stake to the Abu Dhabibased carrier for about 2,058 cr, marking the first investment by foreign carrier in an Indian Airline since thechanges in FDI policy.

The biggest borrowing bank from the US government emergencyprogramme is Bank of America with total loan amount 67 Billion.

India’s largest hospital chain Fortis Healthcare will raise $100 million (Rs 540 crores) from IFCWashington, the private sector arm of the World Bank.

India in its first agreement to buy LNG from the US , Petronet LNG , India’s biggest liquid gas importer has signed aninitial pact with Houston based United LNG to buy 4 million tonnes of liquefied natural gas per annum for 20 yearsbeginning 2018.

The government’s indirect tax collection for 2012-13 has exceeded the revised estimate by Rs.6000 cr. Indirect taxcollection as on April 22 stood at Rs 4.75 lakh cr. The revised indirect tax collection from Customs, central exciseand service tax was Rs 4.69 lakh crore. Finance Ministry official said “combining (indirect and direct tax), we havemet the target.”

Volume- 1

1111

Swedish fashion retail giant Hennes & Mauritzz has sought the government’s permission toenter the single brand retail segment in India.

Meru cabs , the country’s largest radio taxi operators, will put 1,000 new ‘sedan’ class cars on Delhi roads by this yearend to cope with increasing passenger demand in the national capital and its adjoining satellite towns.

The Asian Development Bank has said that it would lend $2 billion annually over the next threeyears to India.

Salary burden of telecom firm BSNL in 2011-2012 rose to Rs. 13,406 cr , almost half of its revenue , with as much asRs. 5,000 crores being spent on one lakh employees who were in excess of the requirement.

Facebook’s monthly active users rose 23% to 1.11 billion in January – March 2013 compared to theyear ago period thanks to India and Brazil.

Cargo Traffic at 12 major ports in the nation declined by 2.58% at 545.68 million tonnes during 2012-13.

The government is looking to launch a 20 cr share sale by divesting 10% equity in Coal India which will single-handedlymeet half of this year’s disinvestment target and is expected to be completed by September 2013.

The government has approved a proposal to set up two ports in Bengal and Andhra Pradesh at an investment ofabout 15,820 crore.

Corporate Raider Carl Icahm and other investors made a new offer for DELL, calling a plan privateequity buyout by company founder Michael Dell a “giveaway”.

Fertilizer Cooperative major IFFCO has linked along term agreement with a Brazilian mining company Vale SA for thesupply of rocket phosphate , used in manufacturing phosphatic soil nutrients.

Five merchant bankers , including ICICI Securities and IDFC are in the race to manage a 10% stake in Engineers India,which could fetch the government about 625 crore at the current share price.

Ranbaxy to pay $500 million fine under the settlement agreement with the US department of justice.

The State Bank of India today urged the RBI to act as a uniform regulator for all key lending agencies, particularly thehousing finance companies whom the bank is competing for retail customers in the home loan segment.

Drug major Cipla has said shareholders of South Africa-based Cipla Medpro had approvedits around $512 million takeover offer.

The Essar Group, owned by brothers Shashi and Ravi Ruia, will sign deals with a leadingChinese bank and its largest oil & gas producer and distributor , deepening the BPO-to-steel conglomerate’s engagement with the world’s second largest economy.

KFC sales in China fell down by 29% in April as concerns about the safety of its chicken and the spreadof avian flu had customers steering clear of KFC restaurants.

Volume- 1

12

The recent Reserve Bank of India derivative that banks can import gold on consignment basis for genuineexports has opened a door for the entry of gold dore bars , which has less than 95% gold content.

Heidelberg Cement India decided to sell its .6 million tonnes per annum grinding facility in Raigad to JSW group foran undisclosed sum.

The finance minister on Wednesday agreed to dole out a record Rs.1,00,000 cr towards andLPG subsidy in 2012-13 but wants pricing formula to be changed from the current year.

Wockhardt has been banned from exporting products from its Aurangabad factory to the US after that the country’sfood & drug regulator issued an “import alert” , citing concerns over the quality of drugs manufactured at thefactory.

Ranbaxy agreed to pay a fine of $500 million for selling adulterated drugs in the US market. It is the largest financialpenalty paid by any generic drug maker in the US for violating the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and CosmeticAct (FDCA).

Nestle India declared a change in its India management with its current chairman and managingdirector Antonio Helio Waszyk to be replaced by Etienne Benet.

Japanese car giant Nissan will recall 22,188 units of its small car Micra and sedan Sunny in Indiabecause of faulty breaking system , as a part of global exercise to rectify the problem.

England-based Chinese food chain YoYo Noodle plans to invest over Rs. 210 cr over the next five years to open asmany as 200 outlets in the country.

ICICI intends to ask the reserve bank of India to relax its 70 year age limit for bankchairmen in order to give Kundapur Vaman Kamath the opportunity to stay on as thechairman of the country’s second largest commercial bank until 2019.

US based auto component maker Johnson controls said that it had bought out its Indian partner Tata automotivecomponents from their joint venture for an undisclosed sum.

An inter-ministerial group has approved a 7.64 per cent government stake sale in National Fertilisers Limited, whichis expected to fetch over Rs 175 crore to exchequer.

Ireland is to become the first country in the European Union (EU) to ban all trademarks, logos, colours and graphicson cigarette packaging by using plain packages said by the government.

Procter & Gamble (P&G) has announced that the former Chairman and CEO AG Lafley wouldbe coming out of retirement to replace current CEO Bob McDonald, who will retire at the endof June, 2013.

Volume- 1

1313

Sports/Entertainment News

Olympic great Sir Chris Hoy announced his retirement from cycling. Hoy is eleven-time worldchampion, six-time Olympic champion and a winner of a total of seven OlympicGames medals, six gold and one silver. Hoy is the most successful Olympic cyclist of all time.

India has won four medals in the International Skating Union, held in Singapore. India won gold in Junior Boys 1000m and Junior Boys 500 m, silver medal in Junior Girls 500 m and bronze in Junior Girls 100 m. The Indian Boys teamcomprised Sohan Tarkar (Mumbai) and Prathik Prasad (Bengaluru) while Seeliya Simmith and Avani Kumar(Mangalore) and Varsha Kukreja (Mumbai).

Sachin Tendulkar’s wax statue was unveiled at the Sydeny Cricket Ground (SCG), Australia.

Dimple Kapadia received the Padma Bhushan for late actor Rajesh Khanna.

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has imposed a worldwide banon 23 players and one official found guilty of match fixing. “Of the players involved, 20 received a one-year ban fromall football-related activities while the remaining individuals received a two-year ban, three-year ban and lifetimeban respectively,” FIFA said in a statement.

Bahrain’s Sheikh Salman bin Ebrahim Al Khalifa was voted the new president of the AsianFootball Confederation.

Frank Lampard etched his name into the history books by deposing Bobby Tambling as Chelsea’srecord goalscorer with a match winning brace against Aston Villa. Frank Lampard is understood to have agreed toa new one year deal to remain at Chelsea next season, ending speculation over the future of the club’s record goalscorer, in a move that will also appease supporters.

India opened their medal account in the Junior Weightlifting Championships with Saikhom Mirabai Channu baggingthree bronze in the women’s 48 Kg category on the opening day of the competition in Lima, Peru on Sunday.

Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu have retained their respective second and 13th spots in theBadminton World Federation (BWF) rankings.

Volume- 1

14

The only Indian to win an individual gold in Olympics, shooter Abhinav Bindra, has beenrecommended for the Bharat Ratna.

The Indian woman cagers clenched their first Gold medal in the Fédération Internationalede Basketball (FIBA) Asia 3x3 basketball tournament beating Mongolia in the final play offgame.

Seasoned paddler Sharath Kamal became the only Indian player to enter the second round of the world table tennisChampionship.

England’s best known footballer David Beckham announced his retirement on Thursday after acareer laden with trophies and glamour that had a worldwide impact that went away beyondSoccer. He played for Manchester United, Real Madrid, LA Galaxy and finally Paris St Germain.

India won a first -ever archery World Cup medal in the compound women’s section when Trisha Deb, Gagan DeepKaur and Lily Chanu P beat their Italian opponents in the Bronze medal play off in Shanghai on Saturday. DeepikaKumari had to settle for silver in both finals as Indian archers finished with three medals in the first stage worldCup Archery tournament in Sanghai

Badminton Association of India president Akhilesh Das Gupta was elected to the Badminton World Federation’sexecutive council by a record number of votes in the election at Kuala Lumpur.

On 16 May 2013, Rajasthan Royals players Sreesanth, Ankeet Chavan and Ajit Chandila werearrested from Mumbai’s Trident Hotel by Delhi Police along with seven bookies on chargesof spot-fixing in the tournament. Police sources said the players have been accused of spot-fixing in their matches on 9 and 15 May 2013 against Kings XI Punjab and Mumbai Indiansrespectively. Later many bookies were arrested from various cities of the country. Film personalityVindoo Dara Singh and Gurunath Meiyappan, the CSK owner were also arrested.

Mahesh Bhupathi and Rohan Bopanna ended runners-up at the Rome Masters.

Arunima Sinha, became the first woman in the world to conquer Mt Everest in prosthetic legs.

Robin Dutt was named as the new coach of German football club Werder Bremen after the German footballassociation agreed to release him from the post as their sporting director.

Inter Milan fired coach Andrea Stramaccioni, five days after concluding Serie A with highly disappointing ninth –placefinish.

Manchester City striker Sergio Aguero has signed a one-year contract extension that will keep himat the Premier League club until 2017.

Goalkeeper Iker Casillas and striker Fernando Torres returned to the Spain squad as coach Vicentedel Bosque named a provisional 26 man group for next month’s confederation.

Volume- 1

1515

Test your current affairs quotient

Given below are 100 questions covering measure news / events of the month. Take the test and find out your level ofawareness.

1. Who is the Executive chairman of company Vedanta Resources?a. Anil Agarwal b. Anil Ambani c. Ashok Todi d. None of these

2. Niyamgiri hills are in which state of India?a. MP b. UP c. Chattisgarh d. Orissa

3. Find the odd one out?a. Hindustan Zinc Limited b. BALCOc. Hindustan Copper Limited d. Sesa Goa

4. “Dearness Allowance” is paid toa. Central government employees b. State government employeesc. Both a and b d. None of these

5. Who is recently appointed the special DG of CRPF?a. Kiran Bedi b. Aruna Bahuguna c. Pranay Sahay d. None of these

6. Who was a part of the supreme court bench that upheld the death sentence of Ajmal Kasab?a. Justice Aftab Alam b. Justice C K Prasad c. Justice Altamas Kabir d. Both (a) and (b)

7. The full form of NCRB isa. National Corruption Records Bureau b. National Climate Records Bureauc. National Crime Records Bureau d. National College Records Bureau

8. Who is the leader of opposition in Lok Sabha?a. Arun Jaitley b. Sushma Swaraj c. L K Advani d. Ravi Shankar Prasad

9. Maoist hief Prachanda hails from which country?a. India b. Bhutan c. Nepal d. Myanmar

10. Ottavio Quattrochi can be associated witha. Bofors scandal b. Coal gate scandal c. 2G scam d. None of these

11. Coca cola has recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with a state government to set up a bottlingplant and it has triggered protests. Which state is involved in that MoU?a. UP b. HP c. Uttarakhand d. Punjab

12. Which state government recently banned the awarding of extensions or reemployment of former officials?a. J&K b. West Bengal c. Orissa d. Bihar

13. Who is the chairman of Jindal Steel Power Limited (JSPL)?a. O P Jindal b. Naveen Jindal c. Sajjan Jindal d. None of these

14. Who recently translated all the plays of Shakespeare into Punjabi?a. Surjit Hans b. MS Gill c. Amrita Pritam d. Buta Singh

15. Which state of India had its assembly elections in the last month?a. Tripura b. Karnataka c. Punjab d. Gujarat

16. Who is the chairman of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?a. Justice K G Balakrishnan b. Justice G P Mathurc. Justice B C Patel d. Satyabrata Paul

Volume- 1

16

17. Where are the head quarters of Asian Development Bank (ADB) located?a. New Delhi b. Singapore c. Manila d. Bangkok

18. When was Asian Development Bank established?a. 26th Aug,1966 b. 15th May, 1948 c. 20th June, 1990 d. None of these

19. Who is the chairman of ADB?a. Takehiko Nakao b. Haruhiko Kuroda c. Takeshi Watanabe d. Inoue Shiro

20. In India, which city is the largest municipal solid waste producer?a. Delhi b. Bengaluru c. Chennai d. Hyderabad

21. Olympic great Chris Hoy participated in which sport?a. Swimming b. cycling c. tennis d. wrestling

22. Who is the chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB)?a. Imran Khan b. Zaka Ashraf c. Javed Miandad d. Nawaz Sharif

23. Which great cricketers wax statue was unveiled at Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) recently?a. Brian Lara b. Sachin Tendulkar c. Ricky Ponting d. Don Bradman

24. ”I-league” is associated with which sport in India?a. Cricket b. Football c. Hockey d. Chess

25. Asian Wrestling Championship 2013 was held in which country?a. India b. China c. Japan d. Sri Lanka

26. The Government of India conferred which award to the Late Rajesh Khanna in 2013?a. Padma Shri b. Padma Bhushan c. Padma Vibhushan d. Bharat Ratna

27. Amit Kumar and Bhim Singh can be associated with which sport?a. Boxing b. Wrestling c. Hockey d. Judo

28. Deepika Pallikal and Saurav Ghoshal can be associated with which sport?a. Badminton b. Squash c. Tennis d. Table Tennis

29. Who is the owner of “Mahi Racing Team India” ?a. MS Dhoni b. Mahi Gill c. Shahrukh Khan d. John Abraham

30. The new president of Asian Football Confederation is from which country?a. Iran b. South Korea c. Bahrain d. Japan

31. Steven Gerrard can be associated with which sport?a. Cricket b. Football c. Tennis d. Golf

32. What is the current world ranking of Saina Nehwal?a.1st b. 2nd c. 3rd d. 4th

33. Who is the chairman of Indian Premier League T-20 cricket tournament?a. Rajeev Shukla b. N Srinivasan c. Jagmohan Dalmiya d. Ravi Shastri

34. Who won the recently concluded under 17 National Chess Championship?a. Koneru Humpy b. Nisha Mohota c. Sayantan Das d. SS Ganguly

35. Which car is the top selling car in India in 2012-13?a. Alto b. Swift c. Wagon R d. i10

Volume- 1

1717

36. ITC headquarters are located in which city of India?a. Kolkata b. Mumbai c. Bengaluru d. Chennai

37. Who is the promoter of Spicejet Airlines?a. Kalanithi Maran b. Vijay Mallya c. Capt. Gopinath d. Richard Branson

38. Who is the chairman of Tata Sons?a. Ratan Tata b. Cyrus Mistry c. S Ramadorai d. None of these

39. Power and automation Technology firm ABB headquarters are ina. USA b. Switzerland c. France d. Denmark

40. The biggest borrowing bank from the US governments emergency programme isa. Bank of America b. Citibank c. JP Morgan d. Meridian Bank

41. Recently which industrialist was in news for being provided Z category security?a. Anil Ambani b. Mukesh Ambani c. Vijay Mallya d. YC Deveswar

42. Who is the chairman of HDFC bank?a. Deepak Parekh b. Shikha Sharma c. Naina lal Kidwai d. None of them

43. Where is the headquarter of Fortis healthcare?a. Delhi b. Mumbai c. Bengaluru d. Chennai

44. Fortis Hospital is not present in which of the following cities?a. Delhi b. Mumbai c. Pune d. Kolkata

45. Which of the following is the India’s largest private hospital chain?a. Fortis b. Apollo c. Vasan d. Bellevue

46. Where are the headquarters of National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO) located?a. Nagpur b. Bhubaneswar c. Hyderabad d. New Delhi

47. Fashion retail giant Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) belong to which country?a. Netherland b. England c. Sweden d. France

48. Which of the following is not a Maharatna company?a. ONGC b. IOC c. BPCL d. CIL

49. Which of the following is an eligibility criterion for a Maharatna company?a. An average annual turnover of more than Rs. 20,000 croreb. An average annual net worth of more than Rs. 10,000 crore during the last 3 years.c. An average annual net profit after tax of more than Rs. 2500 crore during the last 3 years.d. All of the above

50. Which is the largest mobile phone operator of India?a. Vodafone b. Airtel c. BSNL d. Idea

51. Which is the largest radio taxi operator in India?a. Meru Cabs b. Gold Cabs c. Easy Cabs d. Star taxi

52. Which of the following is an Aditya Birla Group company?a. Hindalco b. Ultratech cement c. Peter England d. All of them

53. Who is the chairman of Aditya Birla Group?a. GD Birla b. Aditya Birla c. Kumarmangalam Birla d. None of them

Volume- 1

18

54. Bandra-Worli Sea Link project was undertaken bya. HCC b. L&T c. NCC d. None of them

55. The headquarters of Vijaya Bank is ina. Bengaluru b. Mangalore c. Hyderabad d. Chennai

56. It is the only Indian bank other than State Bank of India to feature in the List of Fortune 500 Companies in the World.Which Bank is it?a. Indian Bank b. ICICI c. AXIS d. OBC

57. The frequent flier program of kingfisher Airlines is known asa. Kingfisher Club b. King Club c. Royal Club d. None of these

58. Who is the chairman of State Bank of India?a. OP Bhatt b. Pratip Chaudhuri c. Deepak Parekh d. Chanda Kochhar

59. State Bank of India operates as INMB in which of the following countries?a. Nigeria b. Bahamas c. USA d. China

60. Which of the following is a subsidiary of Tata Consultancy Services?a. NIIT Limited b. APTECH c. CMC Limited d. None of them

61. Which automobile company has recently launched a new multipurpose vehicle “ENJOY” in India?a. General Motors b. Volkswagon c. Maruti d. Tata Motors

62. Who is the Managing Director of IMF?a. Christine Lagarde b. Horst Kohlerc. Dominique Strauss Kahn d. Rodrigo Rato

63. Where are the headquarters of International Monetary Fund?a. Washington b. New York c. Paris d. London

64. International Monetary Fund has got how many members?a. 150 b. 175 c. 188 d. 195

65. Who is the President of Italy?a. Giorgio Napolitano b. Enrico Letta c. Boutros Ghali d. Sylvio Berlusconi

66. Who is the President of France?a. Nikolas Sarkozy b. Francois Hollande c. Christine Lagarde d. None of them

67. What is the capital of Democratic Republic of Congo?a. Kinshasa b. Bengazi c. Congo city d. Laos

68. What is the currency of South Africa?a. Peso b. Rand c. Dollar d. Franc

69. What is “Mahasen”?a. Comic character b. Cyclone c. Wave d. None of these

70. “S4” is the new brand of mobile of which company?a. Nokia b. Samsung c. Motorola d. LG

71. “Canvas Doodle” is the new brand of mobile phone of which company?a. Nokia b. Karbonn c. Micromax d. Gaba

72. Suzlon Energy produces/manufactures which of the following?

Volume- 1

1919

a. Wind Turbine b. Medicines c. Hydel power plant d. None of these

73. “Tehrik-e-Insaf” is a political party belonging to which country?a. Iran b. Pakistan c. Iraq d. India

74. Where is the capital of Sweden located?a. Stockholm b. Oslo c. Geneva d. None of these

75. Who is the chairman of “P&G”?a. Bob McDonald b. A G Lafley c. Larry Ellison d. None of them

76. Aung San Suukyi is from which country?a. Myanmar b. Singapore c. Thailand d. Mauritius

77. Heathrow airport is in which city?a. New York b. London c. Canberra d. Wellington

78. The Essar Group is owned by who among the following?a. Gupta brothers b. Ruia brothers c. Goenka brothers d. Mishra brothers

79. What is the full form of FII?a. Foreign Institutional Investor b. Finance Institute of Indiac. Flexible Interim Investment d. None of these

80. In which city are the headquarters of KFC located?a. Louisville b. New Jersey c. New York d. Los Angeles

81. Who is the chairman of Reliance Infrastructure?a. Anil Ambani b. Aakash Ambani c. Mukesh Ambani d. None of them

82. Where is the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) located?a. Mumbai b. Bengaluru c. Chennai d. Hyderabad

83. Who is the present chairman of APPLE?a. Steve Jobs b. Warren Buffet c. Arthur Levinson d. None of them

84. Who is the chairman of Zee Entertainment?a. Subhas Chandra b. Prannoy Roy c. Rajdeep Sardesai d. Prabhu Chawla

85. In which news channel do we find the programme “NEWSHOUR”?a. Times Now b. NDTV c. Headlines Today d. BBC

86. “Air Asia”s head office is in which city?a. Kualalampur b. Jakarta c. Bangkok d. Islamabad

87. Sumantra Choudhury is the Managing Director of which company?a. HPCL b. BPCL c. HPL d. None of these

88. Which of the following is a brand of Toyota Motor Corporation?a. Etios b. Ertiga c. Linea d. Santro

89. Which team has won the Pepsi IPL 2013?a. Chennai Super Kings b . Mumbai Indians c. Rajasthan Royals d. Sunrisers Hyderabad

90. Denson Devdas, Sunil Chhetri and Syed Rahim Nabi play which game?a. Cricket b. Football c. Tennis d. None of these

91. “Slam Dunk” is associated with which sport?a. Tennis b. Chess c. Volleyball d. Basketball

Volume- 1

20

92. The Asian Athletics Championships will be held in which city of India?a. Kolkata b. Delhi c. Mumbai d. Pune

93. Who directed the film “Raincoat”?a. Mrinal Sen b. Ayan Mukherjee c. Rituparno Ghosh d. Satyajit Ray

94. William S Pinckney is the CEO of which company?a. Amway India b. Gillette c. P&G d. HLL

95. The largest textile hub of the country is in which state of India?a. West Bengal b. Tamil Nadu c. Maharashtra d. Punjab

96. Who scored the maximum runs in an innings in the IPL 2013?a. Chris Gayle b. Virat Kohli c. Shane Watson d. Dinesh Kartik

97. Which team won the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League 2013?a. Borussia Dortmund b. Bayern Munich c. Real Madrid d. Barcelona

98. Bombay Stock Exchange’s (BSE) Index SENSEX is a list of how many companies?a. 30 b. 50 c. 75 d. 100

99. How many members are there in “Rajya Sabha”?a. 245 b. 233 c. 12 d. None of these

100. Who is the chairman of Planning Commission of India?a. President b. Prime Minister c. Finance Minister d. Lok Sabha Speaker

Your current affair quotient

0 – 20 Hopeless21 – 40 Poor41 – 60 Average61 – 80 Very Good81 – 100 Excellent

Answers given at the end of the magazine

Volume- 1

21

Maths Funda

Dear Maths,‘I’m sick and tired of finding your “x”…she’s gone…move on, dude!’

Welcome to the world of mathematics. It does not matter in what profession you are; perhaps all human beings usemaths in their lives in some form or the other.

I choose to talk on calculations technique, considering it to be the oldest and most elementary part of mathematics.Well, it involves basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) on quantities.It is not only about your exams like CAT, XAT, IIFT etc., it is about your entire life, be it personal or professional.

Every time you calculate the Interest that you would earn  on  a Fixed Deposit that  you’ve  invested  in; or  howmuch Tax you have to pay during a particular financial year; or handling payroll of employees under you; decidingon how much of the total marketing budget you would spend on Newspaper Ads in 5  states where  you havelaunched a New Brand; what is the best way to adopt Cost Control in your Factory and what not…

We open newspaper and find out so many instances where decisions taken by Managers make or break fortune ofa company. Most effective tools for a Manager to take decisions are (i) data and (ii) experience.

You all know how important is SPEED as a skill to crack CAT successfully. But let us face the truth now. SPEED doesnot come from being able to handle loads of calculations; rather it is about identifying the most effective methodto reduce the load of calculation.

Let us begin with an example:While working in an organization as a product manager, you find that your product is manufactured at the costof Rs 375 and moreover, you are given to understand it makes a thin margin of 4.96%. When you share this informationwith your junior in a meeting, he asks you “Sir, for every 100 units, how much do we make?”

Well, embarrassing for a boss to keep quiet, right?Don’t worry, I know you’ll prove to be a smart boss, because, you know A% of B & B% of A are same thing. So you’llmentally do a calculation as follows:4.96% of 375 * 100 = 375% of 4.96 * 100 = 37.5% of 496 * 1/10 * 100 = 3/8 * 496 * 10 = Rs 1860.

Trust me, you’ll earn respect from each of your juniors even if they are not sure how could think so fast!

I remember those childhood days, when my mom used to force me to go to the grocery shop to get a few stuffs forhome…thanks to her, it taught me lot of things…most important learning was…the grocery guy knows much bettermaths, how else can he calculate so fast?Yeah of course, the answer is, PRACTICE. There’s hardly any role of memory here. It has become his habit to addnumbers like….34, 43, 56, 48, 39…perhaps he would quickly add the 10’s digits (19) and units digit separately (30),and then add the 10’s digit of 30 with 19, and find out the sum as 220.

Some of you, who likes experimenting can also find out 43 is the middle-most number (as in, we have two numbersgreater than and two numbers less than 43), hence I quickly multiply 43 by 5, since there are 5 numbers (215) andthen look at the difference with the respective numbers 34 (-9), 43 (0), 56 (+13), 48 (+5) & 39 (-4); clearly netdifference is +5. Thus my answer would be 215 + 5 = 220.

People who are comfortable with calculations always get a step ahead in every sphere of life. Let’s say, you’rehandling a product that eats up 20% of the market as of now. Now your boss wants you to grow the market share by

Volume- 1

22

another 5 percentage points and tells you that the estimated growth of the industry is 20%. When you discuss thesame with your juniors, again an innocent question turns up “Sir, by what percentage do we have to grow?”

I re-confirm the fact that you’re going to be a smart boss! Because, you would think about the calculation as follows:You would learn if market was at 100, it becomes 120. Since market was at 100, your product was at 20. Now, yournew market share = 25% of 120, i.e. 30. Thus 20 to 30 implies 50% growth. But in the office, we do not get time for thismuch of academic calculation.

So, finally the question is “What’s the smartest trick for this calculation?”Market grows by 20%. Market share grows by 5 percentage point; thus, percentage increase in the numerical valueof the percentage market share = 5/20 * 100%, i.e. 25%.So, we’ll simply say, growth of my product would be 0.2 + 0.25 + 0.2*0.25 = 0.5 è 50% [remember the standard thumbrules for successive percentage changes].

Now, let me take you to the world of fantasy…You land up in the Wonderland and find 145 persons there…who havea habit of confusing others with their statements…one of them tells you “Since last six years, each year 1/3rd of thepeople has been dying and 27 new babies were born. Let me give you some numbers…610, 710, 820…can anyone ofthese numbers be the population of the Wonderland six years back?”

Leaves you utterly confused, right?Let’s apply a simple and precise logic…population reduced by 1/3rd implies it had been a multiple of 3…oh yeas, nowyou got the hint, none of the numbers given are multiple of 3 (by adding the digits of the numbers)…hence, you’llreply him bluntly “None of these”…[don’t worry, in CAT or XAT or IIFT exams, you would see this (“None of these”) asan option in this sum.

In our daily life, we look at objects, most of which run on some principles or rules…which are established throughsome fundamental mathematical calculations…be it LED that helps you enjoyIPL at home, Washing Machine thathelps your mom to reduce her workload, Smart mobile phonethat helps you keep in touch with all your friends…andthe list goes on…

 If you think managers are only making strategies seating in front of a computer in an AC room, then you’re absolutelymistaken! Strategy evolves through lots of analysis, be it numerical or qualitative; Survey, Statistical analysis,Demographics, Database management, Trend analysis, Identifying patterns etc involve numerical investigation.After all, we have not invented calculators to prove that we’re worse than those, right?My objective is to help you build up rapport with this friend called “calculation”…I can promise this friendship will carry through your entire life with style and glamour.

Eco Basics – Demand and Supply

“Teach a parrot the terms ‘supply and demand’ and you’ve got an economist”.

Thomas Carlyle

Two words that drive any economy are – Demand and Supply. In every day to day activities we always see variousrelations between these two words. Demand refers to quantity of product or services desired by the buyers. Thequantity demanded is the amount that the buyers are ready to buy at a certain price and this relationship betweendemand and price is also known as demand relationship. Supply on the other hand is the quantity that the marketis ready to provide. It also means the quantity that a certain good producer is willing to supply at a certain price.The relation between the price and the quantity of goods supplied is known as supply relationship. In the marketeconomy theories, the relationships between supply and demand helps to allocate the resources in the mostefficient way.“Supply always comes on the heels of demand”. Robert Collier 

The Law of Demand states that if all the other factors remain same, as the price of any goods or services go up, lesspeople will demand for that product. In other words, the higher the price, the lower the demand. As the prices go up,people will naturally avoid buying that product as that will force them to forgo something else that they value more.

Volume- 1

23

For example, recently it came in the news that due to the increase in price of petrol the demand of petrol cars aregoing down and people are preferring diesel cars instead of petrol cars.The diagram below shows the relationship between price and demand,We can see in the diagram, quantity is plotted in the vertical axis and price is in the horizontal axis. As the priceincreases from left to right the demand falls from top to bottom. This diagram states that the lesser the price themore will be the demand of that good.

The Law of Supply demonstrates the quantities that are sold at a certain price. Unlike the Law of Demand, this oneis an upward sloping graph. Producers supply more at a higher price as then they can maximize their revenue. Thediagram below represents the relationship of supply and price.We have represented the quantity in the vertical axis and price in the horizontal axis and clearly we see that thesupply tends to increase as the price increases.

Looking at the above two relationships we can conclude that with the increase of price the supply increase but thedemand decreases. Let us take an example of the mobile phones. The manufacturers will want to sell mobile phonesat a higher price but the number of buyers ready to pay the high price is less. So there is a chance that most of themobile phone might go unsold. That is one of the reasons why we find the prices of the mobile phone going downevery day as the producers are looking for the correct price which will give them more sellers as well as it will helpthe to increase their revenue. We will call this the state of Equilibrium.Let us club the above two diagrams and see what happens,

Volume- 1

24

Initially when the price is less the producers are unwilling to produce but the demand for that article is very high.As the price increases the producers start producing more but the demand gradually keeps on decreasing. Then wereach point A, the intersection of both the Demand and the Supply. At this point whatever quantity is produced getsold as there are optimum number of buyers for that product and the buyers are also happy with the price. Afterpoint A, if the price still keeps on increasing then the buyers refuse to buy that product and a lot of them remainsunsold which is a loss for the producer. Thus we can see that the point A can be said to be the point of Equilibrium.Any point to the left of point A is a situation of excessive demand and any point to the right of A is a situation ofexcessive supply.

Still there as a question that arises that in the market how do we reach equilibrium?

When the price is less and the demand is very high then people gradually start paying extra money to get the goodand its price increases till it reaches the equilibrium. Similarly when at a higher price the supply is very high but thedemand is less then the producer to increase the sales gradually reduces the price of the goods till it reaches theequilibrium price. Thus the situation of excessive demand or supply cannot go on forever as the market forces willbring it to the state of equilibrium.

Volume- 1

25

Telecom Industry in India

The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing in the world in terms of number of wirelessconnections after China. According to the world telecommunications industry, India will have approximately 1.2billion mobile subscribers by 2013. Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate thatthe total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013.

In 1850, experimental electric telegraph started for first time in India between Calcutta (Kolkata) and DiamondHarbor (southern suburbs of Kolkata, on the banks of the Hooghly River). On the 28th of January 1882, the firstformal telephone service was established with a total of 93 subscribers. From the year 1902, India drasticallychanges from cable telegraph to wireless telegraph, radio telegraph, radio telephone, trunk dialing. During Britishperiod all major cities and towns in India were linked with telephones. In the year 1975, Department of Telecom(DoT) was responsible for telecom services in entire country after separation from Indian Post & Telecommunication.In 1990s the telecom sector was opened up by the Government for private investment. In 1995 TRAI (TelecomRegulatory Authority of India) was setup. This reduced the interference of Government in deciding tariffs and policymaking. The Government of India corporatized the operations wing of DoT in 2000 and renamed Department ofTelecom as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). Government policies and regulatory framework implemented byTelecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) have provided conducive environment for service providers. This hasmade the sector more competitive, while enhancing the accessibility of telecommunication services at affordabletariffs to the consumers.

In the last two decades, the Indian Telecom Sector and mobile telephony in particular has caught the imagination ofIndia by revolutionizing the way we communicate, share information; and through its staggering growth helpedmillions stay connected. This growth, however, has and continues to be at the cost of the Climate, powered by anunsustainable and inefficient model of energy generation and usage. Simultaneously, this growth has also come atsignificant and growing loss to the state exchequer, raising fundamental questions on the future business andoperation model of the Telecom sector.

The telecom industry has witnessed significant growth in subscriber base over the last decade, with increasingnetwork coverage and a competition-induced decline in tariffs acting as catalysts for the growth in subscriber base.The growth story and the potential have also served to attract newer players in the industry, with the result that theintensity of competition has kept increasing. The sector expected to witness up to US$ 56.3 billion investments andthe market will cross the US$ 101 billion mark in five years.

Today, the Indian telecom network is the second largest in the world after China. A liberal policy regime andinvolvement of the private sector have played an important role in transforming this sector. The total number oftelephones has increased from 429.73 million on 31 March 2009 to 926.55 million on 31 December 2011.Liberalization of the sector has not only led to rapid growth but also helped a great deal towards maximization ofconsumer benefits, evident from a huge fall in tariffs. Telecom sector has witnessed a continuous rising trend in thetotal number of telephone subscribers and hence the teledensity. In simple terms, ‘Teledensity’ is the number oflandline telephones in use for every 100 individuals living within an area. A teledensity greater than 100 meansthere are more telephones than people. In 2012, the overall tele density in the country increased to 78.66 from70.89. The rural tele density increased to 39.22 from 33.79. The urban tele density increased to 169.55 from 157.32.

According to the United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), there is a direct correlationbetween the growth in mobile teledensity and the growth in GDP per capita in developing countries, which tend tohave a high percentage of rural population. The share of the telecom services industry in the total GDP has beenrising over the past few years (the telecom sector contribution in GDP went up from 2.52% in FY05 to 2.83% in FY07).

Volume- 1

26

The Indian Telecom market is the most competitive with over 11 operators in each circle. Nowhere in the world doesany country have so many carriers. The dominant players are Airtel, Reliance, Vodafone, BSNL (state owned), Ideaand Tata. Reliance and Tata offer CDMA technology while all the other players are in the GSM space. GSM has 88%share of subscribers and now even Reliance and Tata have launched nationwide GSM services.

Apart from the current players, there are several new players like Aircel, Unitech-Telenor, Shyam-Siestema, Etisalatthat have got the license and spectrum to launch mobile services in several telecom circles. Shyam-Siestema is theonly player to launch CDMA services while all the new operators are in the lucrative GSM space. The adjoiningfigure gives the market shares of the operators in India. It is a fragmented market with the biggest operator (Airtel)having only 20% share.

Since past few years, the telecom service providers have been plagued with various withholding taxes issues onaspects such as inter-connect usage charges, roaming charges, distributorship margin under a Principal to Principalarrangement, use of passive infrastructure, etc. Absence of clarity on the withholding tax obligations for suchtransactions has resulted in significant tax litigation. Considering that Indian telecom is a highly capital intensivesector, extending the tax holiday benefits in 3G and the broadband internet sector would also go a long way inbringing down the costs of investments in rural areas and promote the growth of the industry. On the indirect taxfront, All operators and support sectors are facing huge amounts of blocked credits and lengthy litigations with therevenue authorities on account of disputed credits on passive infrastructure. With the mandate and need to modernizeand expand the present infrastructure consequent to allocation of 3G licenses, the problem is going to get worse. Itshigh time that all cascading effects are identified, appreciated and addressed by the Government.

Volume- 1

27

Bharti Airtel

Sunil Mittal founded the Bharti Group. In 1986, Mittal incorporated Bharti Telecom Limited (BTL), and his companybecame the first in India to offer push-button telephones, establishing the basis of Bharti Enterprises. In 2003, thecellular phone operations were re-branded under the single Airtel brand. Bharti Airtel is India’s leadingtelecommunications company and the largest telecom operators in the world with over 210 million subscribers. Aswell as providing mobile services across 19 countries in South Asia and Africa, it offers landline telephone servicesand broadband internet access in nearly 100 Indian cities and also has a satellite TV business. Launched in Delhiand Himachal Pradesh in 1995 Bharti Airtel has expanded at a breathless pace in the 16 years of its existence andanalysts see that it has displayed remarkable capacity to scale up year on year and to execute its plans with highenergy.

The telecom operator has earmarked a capital expenditure of $3.1 billion (over Rs 14,000 crore) for India and otherglobal operations in the current fiscal, and is betting big on non-voice offerings For the first few years, Bharti Airtelfollowed a very similar growth strategy to other mobile operators around the world – buying licenses, buildingnetworks, growing support activities such as customer care, billing and network operation, building its brand,offering competitive tariffs and the latest phones, and so steadily gaining more customers. This served the companywell, but did not significantly differentiate it in the market or give it any major competitive advantage over its peers.

Facing the challenge of how to deliver telecoms at affordable (very low) prices to Indian customers in an industrythat requires high capital investment, the breakthrough came at the end of 2009, when the management teamrecognized that to sell at the lowest prices in the world requires the lowest costs in the world. To achieve thisrequired a new business model under which Bharti took the hitherto unprecedented step in the telecoms servicesindustry of just focusing on the things it does best – customer, brand and people management – and leavingeverything else to people who can do it better.

By outsourcing the majority of its activities – networks, IT, call centres, towers, distribution to global specialistfirms in long-term partnership arrangements – Bharti are now able to operate a low-cost business model thatsupports the company’s belief that it can ‘bring the benefits of mobile telephony to millions and millions of lowermiddle class and poor consumers around the world.’ And this focus on doing what it does best has allowed BhartiAirtel’s entrepreneurial culture and customer-centricity to combine to create an organizational culture that isconsistently opportunity minded.

Volume- 1

28

The country’s largest cellular operator, Bharti Airtel, is gearing up to consolidate its India share and expand globalfootprint. The company, which reported a 32% fall in its April-June net profit in 2011, rolled out 4G services by yearend.

April 10, 2012 was an historic day for Bharti Airtel, India’s number one telecom service provider, and the country.India experienced its first 4G service. Airtel’s journey - from 2G in 1995 to 3G in 2010 and 4G in 2012 - was eventful.Telecom Lead is sharing some of the major milestones in the life of Sunil Mittal, the iconic chairman of Airtel and theIndian telecom industry. We have gone ahead in telecom industry. By launching 2G, 3G and 4G, Airtel has contributedsignificantly to Indian telecom industry. Having honed its business model in India, over the past couple of yearsBharti Airtel has been on a spending spree -– adding operations in what it sees as other high-growth markets and itsambition is high as demonstrated by its belief that ‘By 2015, Airtel will be the most loved brand in the daily lives ofthe African people.’ It is time for the government to recognize telecom industry’s efforts. Do not kill the goldenindustry. It deserves better treatment.

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)

In 1990s the entry of private service providers brought with it the inevitable need for independent regulation in thetelecom sector of India.

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was, thus, established with effect from 20th February 1997 by anAct of Parliament, called the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997, to regulate telecom services, includingfixation/revision of tariffs for telecom services which were earlier vested in the Central Government. TRAI is astatutory body and is wholly funded by grant received from the Consolidated Fund of India.

The Government, through notification dated 9th January, 2004, has brought the broadcasting and cable televisionservices within the ambit of telecommunication services in the country. In 2004, TRAI was thus vested with thepowers to regulate broadcasting & cable TV services also in the country. The Government continues to be theadministrator for the policy and licensing function.

As per the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 [as amended by TRAI (Amendment) Act, 2000], theAuthority shall consist of a Chairperson and not more than two whole-time Members and not more than two part-time Members. The Chairperson and other members of the Authority shall hold office for a term not exceeding threeyears. The authority functions with a Secretariat headed by a Secretary and assisted by various divisional heads. A

Volume- 1

29

staff of 160 (as on 31.03.2007) is handling the work in the Secretariat, which performs the tasks assigned to it by theAuthority in the discharge of its functions. Wherever necessary, consultants are engaged.

The mission of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is to ensure that the interests of consumers are protectedand at the same time to nurture conditions for growth of telecommunications, broadcasting and cable services ina manner and at a pace which will enable India to play a leading role in the emerging global information society.The goals and objectives are focused toward:

1) Transparency in decision-making by affording an opportunity to all stakeholders.2) Providing consumer with adequate choice, affordable tariffs and high quality of service.3) Promoting level playing field and fair competition among service providers.4) Access to world class quality telecommunications, broadcasting and cable services.5) Ensuring technical compatibility and effective interconnection between service providers.

In the first 10 years (1997-2007), the major achievements of TRAI include,(a) The reduction in call charges in both outgoing and incoming calls. In 1997 the incoming calls were also chargedat Rs 16.80 per minute which in the year 2007 became free.

Per Minute Call Charges (in INR)#  1997 2002 2007

Local 16.8 3.09 1STD 30 9.8 2.4ISD 75 40.8 6.4

(b) Telecom sector had shown exponential growth, tele-density, which grew only by 1.92% in 50 years (1948-98),increased by 18% in just 10 years of TRAI’s existence.

(c) Subscriber base in the country was growing by 6 million every month.

(d) Internet Connection as on 31st March 2007 was 40.57 million as compared to Broadband Policy, 2004 target of18 million subscribers by end of 2007 and 40 million by the year ending 2010.

(e) India had the fourth largest telecom network after China, USA and Russia with lowest tariff.

(f) The Indian Telecom Service industry contributed 2.71% to the total GDP. Total telecom revenue in year 2005-06was 867 billions Indian Rupees (INR).

(g) Regulatory framework issued to cover nearly 300 million cable TV viewers.

In its annual report of 2011-12 , TRAI provides an account of its achievements as:

(A) The Telecom sector continued to register an impressive growth during the year. The number of telephonesubscriptions increased from 846.32 million to 951.34 million, registering a growth of 12.41 %. The wirelesssubscriber base increased by 107.58 million and the wireline subscriber base recorded a decline of 2.56 million.The wireless segment continued to dominate with a total base of 919.17 million connections.

(B) The growth in subscriber base resulted in an increase in the gross revenue of telecom services from Rs.1,71,719crore to Rs.1,95,442 crore during the year, a growth of 13.82%.

(C) During the year, the number of Internet subscribers increased to 22.86 million from 19.67 million registering anannual growth of about 3.19 million. The number of Broadband connections increased from 11.89 million to 13.81million.

(D) Several significant policy recommendations were made by TRAI during the year which include recommendationson spectrum management, licensing, Telecom Infrastructure, Green telecommunications and Telecom equipmentmanufacturing.

Volume- 1

30

(E) TRAI also notified several regulations relating to consumer protection, complaint redressal and for controllingunsolicited commercial communications.

(F) On Merger & Acquisition issues TRAI recommended that spectrum holding by the Resultant entity (after M&A)would be limited to 25% of the spectrum assigned in a service area

(G) India is the second largest mobile market in the world. There are currently about 400,000 telecom towers in thecountry, involving significant diesel consumption. To ensure reduction in carbon footprint, the Authority in itsrecommendations on “Approach towards Green telecommunications” provided that 50% of all rural towers and20% of the urban towers should be powered by hybrid power by 2015 and that all service providers should aim atreduction of carbon emission by at least 8% of the base year (2011) emissions by 2015.

(H) TRAI initiated a process of preparing for consultation and eventual establishment of appropriate policy andregulatory framework for Next Generation Network (NGN).

(I) A major initiative of the Authority in the year 2011-12 was the work relating to control of unsolicited commercialcommunications, popularly known as pesky calls / SMS. “The Telecom Commercial Communications CustomerPreference Regulations were implemented w.e.f. 27th September 2011. This has resulted in significant reduction inunwanted commercial calls/ SMS.

Volume- 1

31

Your gateway to an exciting and rewarding career

Law as a profession has undergone a massive change in the last decade. Gone are the days when lawyers willremind you of black robes and courtrooms. Now lawyers work in swanky corporate offices and work for corporatesas varied as media, insurance, Banks, FMCG, etc or become a Partner/Associate in a law firm.

So if you have good communication skills, both oral and written, are fond of reading, can convince others easily,have a logical way of thinking so that you are able to look at matters objectively and come to your own conclusions,then this is the career for you. And if you are smart, suave, presentable and ready to voice your opinion, then THISIS the career for you.

You can do an under-graduate programme (LL.B) or an Integrated post graduate programme (LL.M) after passingclass 12th.

Careers in Law Litigation: The only option for Lawyers, earlier is now one of the choices. Areas are numerous like criminal, civil,constitutional, intellectual property, etc. Law Firms: You can joining a top Indian law firms as an Associate and work your way up to become a partner orhave your own Law firm. Corporate counsel: Lot of lawyers today are opting for joining companies and being on their in-house staff. Workinvolves greater interaction with non-legal aspects of business like sales, marketing and finance. Judiciary: There are two routes to become a member of the Indian Judiciary – one is to be elevated to the Judge’sbench by sheer performance and the other route is through the Indian Judicial Services. Business Management: Law teaches you a number of skills that are applicable across domains and armed withyour legal expertise, you can quickly rise to senior positions in the corporate world. Legal Process Outsourcing: Law firms abroad pass portions of their work to India, which has high number ofEnglish speaking lawyers.

Placements:Students passing out from the National Law Schools/Universities get average placements of around 10-12 lacs perannum with the highest salary often being in the range of 25-30 lacs per annum.

Some big names hiring from B-Schools are: Management consultancies like McKinsey & Co., KPMG, Price Waterhouse Coopers, McKinsey, E&Y, Deloitte, H5Asia Pacific, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, etc International Law Firms including Linklaters (UK), Clifford Chance (UK), Herbert Smith (UK), Simmons & Simmons(UK), Allen & Overy (UK) & (Singapore), SJ Berwin (UK), Boehmart & Boehmart (Germany), Eisenfuhr Speiser (Germany),Mayor, Brown & Rowe (France), Penderson & Houpt (USA), Rajah & Tann (Singapore), Roousee International (UAE) Indian Law Firms like Amarchand Mangaldas, AZB & Partners, Fox Mandal Little, Jyoti Sagar Associates, Luthra &Luthra Law Offices, Khaitan & Co, Wadia Ghandy & Co., Nishith Desai and Associates, Anand and Anand, DuaAssociates, Singhania & Partners, Remfry & Sagar, etc Corporate legal Departments of ICICI , Citibank, China Trust Bank, India Bulls, Cholamandalam, GE Capital, ITC,HDFC, HSBC, HUDCO, Sahara India, UTI Bank, UCO Bank, Bajaj Allianz, General Insurance, Indian Oil, Bharat Petro., ONGC,Wipro, Infosys, Satyam, Coca Cola, Reliance Industries, ITC, TISCO, Reliance Infocom, AT&T, Bharti, Ansal’s, NDPL,Godrej,Genpect, Xerox Modi Corp, Lafarge, Raymond, Reid & Taylor, Thomas Cook, Pfizer, Ranbaxy, Wockhardt , etc. Legal Process Outsourcing companies like Pangea 3, SDD Global, Infosys BPO, Mindcrest, Quislex, Wipro BPO, etc Government Organizations like Ministry of Law & Justice, MEA, Supreme Court of India / Sri Lanka, NHRC, SHRC,SEBI, Law Commission of India, NLSA, etc. NGOs, Lawyers, Academicians, etc.

Volume- 1

32

Placement:All the Top Law Schools in India offer close to 100% placements and the biggest recruiters are Indian Law Firms,International Law Firms, Management Consultancies, Corporates, NGOs, Legal Process Outsourcing companies,Government Organizations, etc. Some students opt out of placements and go for IAS while some others work take upwork and assignments for the betterment of economically backward and socially deprived citizens.

The salaries offered by India Law Firms at National Law Schools/Universities ranges between INR 10-15 lacs p.a.while that offered by the International Law Firms is generally in the range of INR 15-30 lacs p.a.

Entrance Exams:Almost all the leading institutes take admission through entrance exams which are conducted in the month of Apr,May or June every year. The major exams are: Common Law Admission Test (CLAT): For admission to 14 NLUs All India Law Entrance Test (AILET): For admission to NLU Delhi LSAT – India: For admission to about 30 leading Law colleges in India Symbiosis Entrance Test (SET): For admission to Symbiosis Law School CET Delhi: For admission to Law Schools affiliated to IP University, Delhi Campus Law Centre, Delhi University, Delhi: For admission to Delhi University Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh BHU LEE (Law Entrance Exam of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi) Army Institute of Law, Mohali Lloyd Entrance Test for Law (LET)

Common Law Admission Test (CLAT)Started in 2008, the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is an all India entrance examination conducted by 14National Law Schools/Universities for admissions to their under-graduate and post graduate degree programmes(LL.B & LL.M).

The 14 participating NLUs in the order of their establishment are: National Law School of India University, Bangalore (NLSIU) NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad (NALSAR) National Law Institute University, Bhopal (NLIU) The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata (WBNUJS) National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ) Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur (HNLU) Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar (GNLU) Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow (RMLNLU) Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala (RGNUL) Chanakya National Law University, Patna (CNLU) National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi (NUALS) National Law University, Orissa (NLUO) National University of Study & Research in Law, Ranchi (NUSRL) National Law University & Judicial Academy, Assam (NLUJA)

These 14 NLUs have about 1,700 seats between them for which close to 30,000 students appeared for the entranceexam this year. There is a centralized admission process for CLAT on the basis of merit-cum-preference. All admissionsshall be centrally done at NLU which organizes CLAT.

Eligibility:To be eligible to appear in CLAT, a candidate should have obtained a Senior Secondary School/Intermediate (10+2)or its equivalent qualification from a recognized Board with not less than 45% marks in aggregate (40% in case ofSC/ST/OBC and PWD). Candidates who have appeared in the 10+2 examination and are awaiting results are alsoeligible to appear in the test. However, the candidate must have passed the qualifying examination at the time ofhis/her admission and be able to submit its proof.

Age of candidate should not be more than 20 years in case of General/OBC candidates (22 years in case of SC/ST andpersons with Disability) as on 1st July, of the year of the exam.

Volume- 1

33

Test Pattern

Total Marks 200 Total number of multiple-choice questions of

one mark each 200

Duration of examination Two Hours

Subject Area Marks

English including Comprehension 40 General Knowledge/ Current Affairs 50

Elementary Mathematics (Numerical Ability) 20 Legal Aptitude 50

Logical Reasoning 40 Total 200

From CLAT 2013 onwards, there is negative marking of 0.25 for every wrong answer.

The different subject areas of the exam are as below

English including ComprehensionThe English section will test the candidate’s proficiency in English based comprehension passages and grammar. Inthe comprehension section, candidates will be questioned on their understanding of the passage and its centraltheme, meanings of words used therein etc. The grammar section requires correction of incorrect grammaticalsentences, filling of blanks in sentences with appropriate words, etc.

General Knowledge/Current AffairsThis section will only test students on their knowledge of current affairs (broadly defined as matters featuring in themainstream media between March of the year before of the exam and March of the year of the exam). For example,for CLAT 2013, it will be March 2012-March 2013.

MathematicsThis section will test candidates only on “elementary” mathematics i.e. maths that is taught up to the class X.

Logical ReasoningThe purpose of the logical reasoning section is to test the student’s ability to identify patterns, logical links andrectify illogical arguments. It will include a wide variety of logical reasoning questions such as syllogisms, logicalsequences, analogies, etc. There will not be any questions from Non-verbal/visual reasoning.

Legal AptitudeThis section will test students only on “legal aptitude”. Candidates will not be tested on any prior knowledge of lawor legal concepts. Questions will be framed with the help of legal propositions (described in the paper), and a set offacts to which the said proposition has to be applied. Some propositions may not be “true” in the real sense (e.g. thelegal proposition might be that any person who speaks in a movie hall and disturbs others who are watching themovie will be banned from entering any movie theatre across India for one year). Candidates will have to assumethe “truth” of these propositions and answer the questions accordingly.

If a technical/legal term is used in the question, that term will be explained in the question itself. For example, if theword patent is used, the meaning of patent (“a legal monopoly granted by the government for certain kinds ofinventions”) will also be explained.

Admission ProcessCLAT scores will be the sole parameter for admission into the National Law Schools. Merit cum preference will be thebasic principle. The first merit list of the candidates will be made available to the respective participating instituteas per merit cum preference basis. This list will be published along with the declaration of the result The eligibilitycriteria will be checked by the respective Law Schools/Universities at the time of admission.

Volume- 1

34

Exam pattern and Analysis

2013 CLAT Analysis

The 6th Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) was conducted today in 20 cities across India. The CLAT is the doorwayto 14 national law universities in the country. About 29,000 aspiring lawyers took the exam this year.

The CLAT is a 200 mark, 2 hour paper which tests students on 5 areas, namely, English, Mathematics, LogicalReasoning and General Knowledge/ Current Affairs, and Legal Aptitude. CLAT 2013 for the first time introducednegative marking. This year there will be 0.25 mark deduction for every incorrect answer. The paper when comparedto 2012 was much lengthier, which made it challenging. The general feedback from the students was that the paperwas of moderate difficulty level. A criticism against the 2012 paper was that it did not adequately test speed in amanner that competitive exams should. This year’s CLAT paper, though not difficult, definitely sought to test astudent’s nerves in the 2 hours. Most students attempted 160-170 with reasonable confidence. However, the effectof negative marking will be reflected in the overall cut-offs this year.

Analysis of individual sections

English: CLAT 2013 paper stuck to the syllabus and previous years’ paper pattern. There was a Reading Comprehensionpassage with 10 questions. The questions following the passage were a mix of direct and indirect and were fairlysimple. The other questions in this section were on areas such as grammar based questions, foreign words, paragraphformation, synonyms, etc.

General Knowledge/Current Affairs:According to the syllabus indicated by the CLAT Committee, this section would test students on all areas of generalawareness, including static knowledge. In the 2012 paper, while only current affairs was supposed to be tested, thepaper had many questions from static G.K. This year the Committee expressly included static G.K. in the syllabus.True to its word, there was a mix of questions from static G.K., and current affairs from the areas of history,geography, polity, sports, science, important dates, etc.

Mathematics:On expected lines, the Mathematics section had questions from topics like profit and loss, ratio and proportion,percentage, geometry, menstruation, etc. There were no surprises in this section but the questions were time consumingas BODMAS and simplification based questions were missing.

Logical Reasoning:This year the logical reasoning section had majority questions from analytical reasoning. This section coveredquestions from topics such as syllogisms, seating arrangement, distribution, blood relations, number series, letterseries etc. This section was fairly simple and should boost the marks of reasonably well prepared students.

Legal Aptitude:The syllabus though did not exclude the possibility of knowledge based questions, the paper contained all questionswhich were reasoning based and students were not required to possess any prior knowledge of the law. On one sidethe positive was that no reasoning based questions were asked without legal principles being given. Many studentsfound this section to be lengthy. Students who thoroughly prepared for all types of questions, should fare decentlyin this section.The overall paper was of moderate difficulty level, however, most students found it difficult to finish 200 questionsin 2 hours. Further, because of negative marking in this year’s paper most students did not attempt all questions.Since the paper was not very difficult with most questions along predicted lines students were happy with theoverall paper. However, this year, due to the negative marking, the students who were thoroughly prepared areexpected to do well as random guess-work and luck factor will become less significant in the outcome of the results.

On a concluding note, a snapshot of section-wise analysis of the 2013 CLAT paper

Volume- 1

35

SUBJECT TIME TO BEGIVEN

NO. OFQUESTIONS/

NO. OF MARKS

DIFFICULTYLEVEL

EXPECTEDATTEMPTS

EXPECTEDSCORE

ENGLISH 40

GENERALKNOWLEDGE

MATHEMATICS

LOGICALREASONING

LEGALAPTITUDE

Easy

50

20

40

50

Moderate

Moderate

Easy

Moderateto difficult

40

35 - 40

16 - 18

32 - 36

38 - 42

28 - 32

26 - 30

12 - 14

25 - 28

28 - 32

20 - 22minutes

15 - 18minutes

15 - 20minutes

20 - 22minutes

20 - 22minutes

Expected cut-offs (General Category):Tier I: NLSIU Bangalore, NALSAR Hyderabad, WBNUJS Kolkata – 130 to 136 marksTier II: NLU Jodhpur, NLIU Bhopal, GNLU Gandhinagar, HNLU Raipur – 122 to 130 marksTier III: Remaining 7 NLUs – 110 to 122 marks

Sample Question Paper - CLAT 2012The paper contains 200 questions across 5 sections. Mark the correct answer choice for every question. There is nonegative marking for wrong answers. Time limit for the paper is 120 minutes.

EnglishInstructions (1 to 10): Read the given passage carefully and attempt the questions that follow.

The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only regarding the achievement of political freedom but also theestablishment of a new social order based on truth and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universalbrotherhood and maximum freedom for all. This unfinished part of his experiment was perhaps even more difficultto achieve than the achievement of political freedom. In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign powerand all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his/her moral support. In establishing a socialorder on this pattern, there was a strong possibility of a conflict arising between diverse groups and classes of ourown people. Experience shows that man values his possessions even more than his life because in the formerhe sees the means for perpetuation and survival of his descendants even after his body is reduced to ashes.A new order cannot be established without radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards property and,at some stage or the other, the ‘haves’ have to yield place to the ‘have-nots’. We have seen, in our time, attempts toachieve a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large,through the use of physical force.

In the ultimate analysis it is difficult, if not impossible, to say that the instinct to possess has been rooted out orthat it will not reappear in an even worse form under a different guise. It may even be that, like a gas keptconfined within containers under great pressure, or water held back by a big dam, once the barrier breaks, thereaction will one day sweep back with a violence equal in extent and intensity to what was used to establish andmaintain the outward egalitarian form. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its owndestruction.

The root cause of class conflict is possessiveness or the acquisitive instinct. So long as the ideal that is to beachieved is one of securing the maximum material satisfaction, possessiveness is neither suppressed nor eliminatedbut grows on what it feeds. Nor does it cease to be possessiveness, whether it is confined to only a few or is shared

Volume- 1

36

by many.

If egalitarianism is to endure, it has to be based not on the possession of the maximum material goods by a few orby all but on voluntary, enlightened renunciation of those goods which cannot be shared by others or can beenjoyed only at the expense of others. This calls for substitution of material values by purely spiritual ones. Theparadise of material satisfaction, which is sometimes equated with progress these days, neither spells peacenor progress. Mahatma Gandhi has shown us how the acquisitive instinct inherent in man can be transmuted bythe adoption of the ideal of trusteeship by those who ‘have’ for the benefit of all those who ‘have not’ so that,instead of leading to exploitation and conflict, it would become a means and incentive for the amelioration andprogress of society respectively.

1. According to the passage, egalitarianism will not survive if(A) It is based on voluntary renunciation(B) It is achieved by resorting to physical force(C) Underprivileged people are not involved in its establishment.(D) People’s outlook towards it is not radically changed.

2. According to the passage, why does man value his possessions more than his life?(A) He has inherent desire to share his possession with others.(B) He is endowed with the possessive instinct.(C) Only his possession helps him earn love and respect from his descendants.(D) Through his possessions he can preserve his name even after his death.

3. According to the passage, which was the unfinished part of Gandhi’s experiment?(A) Educating people to avoid class conflict.(B) Achieving total political freedom for the country(C) Establishment of an egalitarian society(D) Radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards truth and non- violence.

4. Which of the following statements is ‘not true’ in the context of the passage?(A) True egalitarianism can be achieved by giving up one’s possessions under compulsion.(B) Man values his life more than his possessions.(C) Possessive instinct is a natural desire of human beings(D) In the political struggle, the fight was against alien rule.

5. According to the passage, true egalitarianism will last only if(A) It is thrust upon people.(B) It is based on truth and non-violence.(C) People inculcate spiritual values instead of material values.(D) ‘Haves’ and ‘have-nots’ live together peacefully

6. According to the passage, people ultimately overturn a social order —-----(A) which is based on coercion and oppression.(B) which does not satisfy their basic needs(C) which is based upon conciliation and rapprochement.(D) which is not congenital to the spiritual values of the people

7. According to the passage, the root cause of class conflict is(A) The paradise of material satisfaction.(B) Dominant inherent acquisitive instinct in man.(C) Exploitation of the ‘have-nots’ by the ‘haves’.(D) A Social order where the unprivileged are not a part of the establishment.

8. Which of the following statements is ‘not true’ in the context of the passage?(A) A new order can be established by radically changing the outlook of people towards it.(B) Adoption of the ideal of trusteeship can minimize possessive instinct.(C) Enforced egalitarianism can be the cause of its own destruction(D) Ideal of new order is to secure maximum material satisfaction

Volume- 1

37

9. Which of the following conclusions can be deduced from the passage?(A) A social order based on truth and non-violence alone can help the achievement of political freedom.(B) After establishing the social order of Gandhiji’s pattern, the possibility of a conflict between different classes of society will hardly exist.(C) It is difficult to change the mind and attitude of men towards property.(D) In an egalitarian society, material satisfaction can be enjoyed only at the expense of others.

10. According to the passage, what does “adoption of the ideal of trusteeship” mean?(A) Equating peace and progress with material satisfaction.(B) Adoption of the ideal by the ‘haves’ for the benefit of ‘have-nots’.(C) Voluntary enlightened remuneration of the possessive instinct by the privileged class.(D) Substitution of spiritual values by material ones by those who live in the paradise of material satisfaction.

Instructions (11 to 15): Choose the correct synonym out of the four choices given.11. Lethargy

(A) Serenity (B) listlessness (C) impassivity (D) laxity

12. Emaciated(A) tall (B) languid (C) very thin (D) wise

13. Latent(A) concealed (B) apparent (C) lethargic (D) prompt

14. Sporadic(A) epidemic (B) whirling (C) occasional (D) stagnant

15. Compendium(A) summary (B) index (C) reference (D) collection

Instructions (16 to 25): Choose the correct option out of the four choices given.16. Give an example pertinent the case.

(A) with (B) on (C) for (D) to

17. My voice reverberated the walls of the castle.(A) with (B) from (C) in (D) on

18. The reward was not commensurate the work done by us.(A) for (B) on (C) with (D) order

19. Our tragic experience in the recent past provides an index _ the state of lawlessness in this region.(A) of (B) in (C) at (D) by

20. Your conduct smacks __recklessness.(A) of (B) with (C) from (D) in

21. A good judge never gropes _ the conclusion.(A) to (B) at (C) on (D) for

22. Nobody in our group is a genius _ winning friends and in convincing people.(A) for (B) in (C) of (D) at

23. If you are averse _ recommending my name, you should not hesitate to admit it.(A) about (B) for (C) to (D) against

24. Religious leaders should not delve _ politics.(A) in (B) with (C) at (D) into

Volume- 1

38

25. What you say has hardly any bearing the lives of tribals.(A) about (B) for (C) on (D) with

Instruction (26 to 30): Select the correct meaning of the italicized idioms and phrases out of the four choices given.26. He burnt his fingers by interfering in his neighbor’s affair.

(A) got himself into trouble (B) burnt himself(C) got himself insulted (D) got rebuked

27. Mr. Gupta, who is one of the trustees of a big charity, is suspected of feathering his own nest.(A) being lazy in doing his work (B) being too generous(C) neglecting his job (D) making money unfairly

28. Mrs. Hashmi has been in the blues for the last several weeks.(A) abroad (B) unwell (C) depressed (D) penniless

29. For the first week, the apprentice felt like a fish out of water.(A) frustrated (B) homeless (C) disappointed (D) uncomfortable

30. His friends failed to see why he should ride the high horse just because he had won an election.(A) become abnormal (B) appear arrogant (C) indulge in dreams (D) hate others

Instructions (31 to 35): Given below are the jumbled sentences of a paragraph. The first and the last sentence of thejumbled paragraph are given in correct order. Arrange the middle sentences in the correct sequence.

31. i. On one hand we are proud of being Indians,ii. on the other hand we behave as if we were still at the dawn of our civilizationiii. murders of our own brothers and sisters is not the way to please Ram or Rahimiv. the citizens of the land where Buddha and Gandhi taughtv. the principles of love and non-violence,vi. nor does it fetch us any prosperity.(A) ii, iii, iv, v (B) iii, iv, v, ii (C) iv, v, iii, ii (D) iv, v, ii, iii

32. i. On the basis of experiments with ratsii. health experts here say thatiii. exercise more and consume vitaminsiv. they will live up to 100 years or morev. if humans eat less,vi. and be vigorous in their eighties and nineties.(A) ii, iii, v, iv (B) ii, v, iii, iv (C) ii, v, iv, iii (D) v, ii, iii, iv

33. i. The release of atomic energy is the greatest achievement which science has yet attainedii. but the first invention to which their discoveries were applied was a bombiii. the atom was split by physicists whose minds were set on the search for knowledgeiv. it was more deadly than any other weapon invented so farv. it is with dread that scientists regard the first use to which their greatest discovery was putvi. however, they are gratified by the numerous applications of atomic energy for peaceful and constructive

population.(A) ii, iii, iv, v (B) v, iii, ii, iv (C) iii, ii, iv, v (D) iv, v, iii, ii

34. i. The problem of food is intimately connected with populationii. wages will seldom rise in proportion to the rising pricesiii. the market is governed by demand and supplyiv. without enough food, such people lack health, strength of efficiencyv. if too many people demand goods to go round, prices will rise and poor classes will starvevi. they fall an easy prey to all sorts of diseases.(A) iii, v, ii, iv (B) ii, iii, iv, v (C) iv, ii, v, iii (D) v, iii, iv, ii

Volume- 1

39

35. i. India’s message has always been one of love and peace.ii. our Buddha was the light of Asiaiii. it has been a source of light and wisdom to the rest of the worldiv. Ashoka, moved by the horrors of Kalinga War, adopted the message of non- violencev. the greatest apostle of non-violence in recent years was Mahatma Gandhivi. he shook the foundation of the British rule in India through non-violence.(A) ii, v, iii, iv (B) iv, ii, iii, v (C) v, iv, iii, ii (D) iii, ii, iv, v

Instructions (36 to 40): Given below are a few commonly used foreign language phrases, select the correct answer fromthe four options given below.

36. Mala fide(A) generous (B) bad intention (C) trustworthy (D) genuine

37. Tabula rasa(A) clean slate (B) agitated (C) deprived (D) creative

38. Carte blanche(A) slavery (B) complete discretion (C) anarchy (D) dependent

39. De jure(A) illegal (B) heir (C) concerning law (D) forbidden

40. Raison d’etre(A) logical conclusion (B) reason for existence (C) free choice (D) dubious argument

General Knowledge / Current Affairs

41. Who said that, ‘Man is a social animal’?(A) Socrates (B) Aristotle (C) Kahn (D) Plato

42. World Computer Literacy day is celebrated on(A) November 14 (B) November 3 (C) December 2 (D) July 5

43. Whose teaching inspired the French Revolution?(A) Rousseau (B) Locke (C) Hegel (D) Wagner

44. The II Africa-India Summit was held in May 2011 in(A) New Delhi (B)Lagos (C)Nairobi (D) Addis Ababa

45. The famous Akshardham temple is situated in the city of(A) Jamnagar (B) Gandhinagar (C) Jammu (D) Madurai

46. Who out of the following was the recipient of Dhyan Chand Award in 2011?(A) Satish Pillai (B) Hukam Singh (C)Shabbir Ali (D) Mukh Bain Singh

47. Name the annual fair of Rajasthan that is famous for its camel trading event.(A) Maru Mela (B) Pushkar Mela (C) Suraj Kund Mela (D) Sonepur Mela

48. The 38th G-8 summit will be held in 2012 in(A) USA (B) UK (C) Germany (D) Canada

49. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 2011?(A) Paul Lauterbur (B) Bill Clinton (C) Tomas Transtromer (D) Shirin Ebadi

50. Who was awarded the UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize in 2011?(A) Nelson Mandela (B) National Literacy Service, Burundi(C) Medha Patkar (D) National Literacy Mission, India

Volume- 1

40

51. December 10 is observed as(A) World Health Day (B) U. N. Day (C) Red Cross Day (D) Human Rights Day

52. Which is the largest gland in human body?(A) Pancreas (B) Liver (C) Thyroid (D) Pituitary

53. The book titled ‘The Google Story’ has been authored by(A) David A. Vice (B) Shobha Dey (C) Fredrick Forsyth (D) Vikram Seth

54. Which strait separates Europe from Africa(A) Mallaica (B) Gibralter (C) Berring (D) Palk

55. Taiwan was earlier known as(A) Fuchow (B)Marshall Island (C) Formosa (D) Macau

56. Identify the Indian Tennis player who has turned Hollywood filmmaker?(A) Vijay Amritraj (B) Mahesh Bhupathi (C) Leander Paes (D) Ashok Amritraj

57. Where will the next Olympic Games be held in 2012?(A) Tokyo (B) Berlin (C) London (D) Toronto

58. Which of the following teams has won the Santosh Trophy Football Championship in 2011?(A) Punjab (B) West Bengal (C) Goa (D) Railways

59. Excess of money supply as compared to supply of goods results in(A) Depression (B) Deflation (C) Trade deficit (D) Inflation

60. The largest living flightless bird is(A) Emu (B) Kiwi (C) Ostrich (D) Penguin

61. Which of the following oceans has the shape of the English letter ‘S’?(A) Atlantic (B) Pacific (C) Indian (D) Arctic

62. Which is the longest shipping canal in the world?(A) Panama Canal (B) Suez Canal (C) White Sea-Baltic Canal (D) Kiel Canal

63. Le Corbusier, the architect of Chandigarh was a national of(A) Britain (B)Portugal (C)France (D)Netherlands

64. India became a member of UNO in(A) 1945 (B) 1947 (C) 1950 (D) 1952

65. To which country does India export the largest quantity of iron ore?(A) USA (B) Japan (C) Egypt (D) Germany

66. The longest highway in India runs from(A) Kolkata to Jammu (B) Shillong to Amritsar (C) Ambala to Nagercoil (D) Varanasi to Kanyakumari

67. The longest irrigation canal in India is called(A)Upper Bari Doab Canal (B) Indira Gandhi Canal (C) Sirhind Canal (D)Yamuna Canal

68. Leukemia is a disease related to(A) Kidney (B) Throat (C) Blood (D) Eyes

69. In which city was Osama Bin Laden killed in May 2011?(A) Islamabad (B) Abbottabad (C)Faisalabad (D) Peshawar

Volume- 1

41

70. The XI Five Year Plan envisaged the highest growth in the sector of(A) Industry (B) Agriculture (C) Services (D) Manufacturing

71. Light year is a unit of(A) Distance (B) Time (C) Sound (D) Light intensity

72. The IV summit of BRICS was held in New Delhi on(A) 11th January 2012 (B)1st April 2012 (C) 29th March 2012 (D) 28th February 2012

73. An indigenous nuclear submarine still under construction has been named as(A) Chakra (B) Sudarshan (C) Arihant (D) Ghaatak

74. Government of India has launched a publicity campaign for census 2011 in association with which of the followingUN organization?(A) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (B) World Health Organization (WHO)(C) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (D) United Nations Population Fund (UNPF)

75. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) completed how many years of operation in2011?(A)3 years (B) 4 years (C) 5 years (D) 6 years

76. The first ever formula one race in India was held in(A) Greater Noida (B) New Delhi (C) Faridabad (D) Pune

77. Name the actor who has been honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2012.(A) Naseerudin Shah (B) Kamal Hasan (C) Soumitra Chatterjee (D) Amol Paleker

78. In which city was the Arab Summit held in the last week of March 2012?(A) Bagdad (B) Cairo (C) Beirut (D) Riyadh

79. The two Supreme Court Judges who delivered the famous 2-G judgment in February 2012 were(A) Justice G.S. Singhvi and Justice Gyan Sudha Mishra(B) Justice G.S. Singhvi and Justice A.K. Ganguly(C) Justice S.H. Kapadia and Justice A.K. Ganguly(D) Justice Chandramauli Kumar Prasad and Justice H.L. Gokhale

80. Who presides over the joint sitting of both houses of Parliament?(A) Speaker of Lok Sabha (B) President(C) Chairman of Rajya Sabha (D) Prime Minister

81. Christian Lagarde heads the(A) World Bank (B) UNICEF(C)International Monetary Fund (D) WHO

82. The seat of International Criminal Court is at(A) The Hague (B) Geneva (C) Washington (D) Tokyo

83. First Indian to ski to North Pole is(A) Arun Nayyar (B) Ajeet Bajaj (C) Sq. Ldr. Sanjay Thapar (D) Neal Paramjeet

84. First woman Director General of Police in India was(A) Kanchan Choudhary (B) Kavitha Choudhary (C) Kiran Bedi (D) Aswathy Tonge

85. Which countries co-hosted the One-day cricket World Cup in 2011?(A) India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (B) India, Bangladesh and Pakistan(C) India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan (D) India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan

Volume- 1

42

86. Priyanka Chopra has been named National Ambassador of(A) WHO (B) UNICEF(C)UNESCO (D) International Red Cross Society

87. Who is leading in the Republican primaries to contest the American Presidential election scheduled in November2012?(A) Sara Palin (B) Newt Gingrich (C) Rick Santorum (D) Mitt Romney

88. Supreme Court recently declared ‘Salva Judum’ unconstitutional. What is ‘Salva Judam’?(A) A terrorist outfit(B) An armed civilian group formed to combat Maoists(C) A money-chain business(D) Custom of killing a girl for inter-caste marriage in the name of honour

89. As per the Indian Union Budget of 2012-13, the income-tax exemption limit for persons below 65 years of age is(A) Rs. 175000 (B) Rs. 200000 (C) Rs. 250000 (D) Rs.190000

90. The U. N. Climate Change Conference 2011 was held in(A) New Delhi (B) Doha (C) Durban (D) Geneva

Elementary Mathematics (Numeric Ability)

91. P sells a table to Q at a profit of 10% and Q sells it to R at a profit of 12%. If R pays Rs. 246.40 for it, then how muchhad P paid for it?(A) 200.00 (B) 300.00 (C) 248.00 (D) 346.00

92. The least value of x, for which the expression x2+x+17 will not give a prime number, is(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 13 (D) 17

93. A train 300 meters long is running at a speed of 25 meters per second, it will cross a bridge 200 meters long in(A) 5 seconds (B) 10 seconds (C) 20 seconds (D) 25 seconds

94. If 0.06% of a number is 84, then 30% of that number is(A) 25.2 (B) 420 (C)42000 (D)2520

95. A sum was divided among P, Q & R. R got double than P who got double than Q. If the difference between the sharesof Q and R is Rs. 3675.00, then the sum in rupees is(A) 4900 (B) 8575 (C) 11025 (D)7350

96. If the ratio of the areas of two squares is 25:36, then the ratio of their perimeters is(A) 5:6 (B) 25:36 (C) 6:5 (D) 36:25

97. The denominator of a fraction is greater than its numerator by 11. If 8 is added to both its numerator anddenominator, then it becomes ¾. The fraction is(A) 25 / 26 (B) 35 / 26 (C) 26 / 35 (D)25 / 36

98. The value of 22 y1

x1 where x = 2 +”3 and y = 2 - “3, is

(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 14 (D) 10

99. If the volume of a sphere is divided by its surface area, we obtain 27 cm. The radius of the sphere is(A) 9 cm. (B ) 81 cm. (C) 27 cm. (D) 24 cm.

100. One-third of one fourth of a number is 12. Then the number is(A) 96 (B) 144 (C) 108 (D) 36

Volume- 1

43

101. In the number series 4,10,23,50,104,216,439 the wrong number is(A) 10 (B) 23 (C) 104 (D) 50

102. The price of 2 trousers and 4 shirts is Rs. 1,600. With the same amount one can buy 1 trouser and 6 shirts. If onewants to buy 12 shirts, he has to pay(A) Rs. 2400 (B) Rs. 4800 (C) Rs. 1200 (D) Rs. 3700

103. If 42

323x

, the value of x–2 is

(A) 12

32

(B) 12

23

(C)

12

56

(D)

12

65

104. A dealer buys an article for Rs. 380.00. What price should he mark so that after allowing a discount of 5% he stillmakes a profit of 25% on the article?(A) Rs. 500 (B) Rs. 475 (C) Rs. 95 (D) Rs. 465

105. In a factory, the production of scooters rose to 48400 from 40000 in 2 years. The rate of growth per annum is(A) 20% (B) 10% (C) 30% (D) 8%

106. If 3x1x , then 2

2

x1x will be

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 27 (D)7

107. When 16x4 + 12x3 – 10x2 + 8x + 20 is divided by 4x – 3, the quotient and the remainder are, respectively

(A)261andx2x6x4 23 (B)

251and

27x6x4 23 (C) 2

61and72x2x6 2 (D)

261and

27x2x6x4 23

108. The sum of two numbers is 2490. If 6.5% of one number is equal to 8.5% of the other, the numbers are(A) 1411 and 1079 (B) 1412 and 1080 (C) 1141 and 1709 (D) 1214 and 1800

109. 120 men had food provision for 200 days. After 5 days, 30 men died of an epidemic. The food will last for further(A) 280 days (B) 260 days (C) 290 days (D) 252 days

110. Out of the total income, X spends 20% on house rent and 70% of the remaining amount on household expenditure.If X saves Rs. 1800, the total income is(A) Rs. 8000 (B) Rs. 9500 (C) Rs. 7500 (D) Rs. 8500

Logical Reasoning

Instructions (111 to 116): Given below are some statements followed by two arguments. Decide which of the argumentsstrongly support the statement and then mark your answer as:.(A) if Argument (i) is strong(B) if Argument (ii) is strong(C) if Both Arguments (i) and (ii) are strong(D) if Neither Argument (i) nor (ii) is strong

111. Statement: Should the pay scale and conditions of service of government employees be made applicable toprivate sector employees?Arguments:(i) No, this will develop inertia, inefficiency and would adversely affect spirit of competition.(ii) Yes, this will enhance dedication to work and institutional loyalty

Volume- 1

44

112. Statement: Should a strong institution of ombudsman be created in India?Arguments:(i) Yes, this will bring transparency and accountability in the administration(ii) No, this will develop lack of initiative and flexibility in the administration.

113. Statement: Should internal assessment in colleges and universities be abolished?Arguments:(i) Yes, this will eliminate the possibility of favoritism.(ii) No, teaching faculty will lose control over the students and this would adversely affect their academic growth.

114. Statement: Should military training be made compulsory for all college and university students?Arguments:(i) Yes, this will develop in them a sense of punctuality and discipline(ii) No, military training should be given only to those students who are physically fit.

115. Statement: Should students’ union in colleges and universities be abolished?Arguments:(i) Yes, it detracts students from academic and career development.(ii) No, all great leaders have been students’ union leaders.

116. Statement: Should the age of marriage be raised to 25 years for boys and 21 for girls?Arguments:(i) No, it is difficult to change a social practice in Indian conditions.(ii) Yes, by that age people develop a sense of responsibility and also complete their education.

Instructions (117 to 120): Each question contains six statements followed by four sets of combination of three. Choosethe set in which the statements are logically related.

117. Statements:(i) X and Y are siblings.(ii) X and Y do not quarrel.(iii) Siblings are known to quarrel often. (iv) X and Y quarrel often.(v) All those who quarrel are siblings.(vi) X and Y cannot be siblings.(A) ii, iv,v (B) i, iv, vi (C) i, iii, iv (D) i, ii, v

118. Statements:(i) All mangoes are fruits.(ii) All mangoes are green.(iii) All mangoes are oval shaped.(iv) All fruits are sweet.(v) All mangoes are sweet.(vi) All fruits are expensive.(A) i, ii, iii (B) i, iv, v (C) ii, iii, iv (D) iv, v, vi

119. Statements:(i) All frogs are amphibians.(ii) All amphibians are not frogs.(iii) All amphibians are cold blooded.(iv) All frogs lay eggs.(v) All amphibians lay eggs.(vi) Frogs are cold blooded.(A) i, iii, vi (B) i, iv, v (C) i, ii, v (D) ii, v, iv

120. Statements:(i) Some men are of short- height.(ii) Short-heighted men are intelligent.(iii) Sudhir is a man.(iv) Sudhir is of short-height.

Volume- 1

45

(v) Sudhir is intelligent. (vi) All men are intelligent.(A) i, ii, vi (B) iii, iv, ii (C) ii, iv, v (D) ii, iv, vi

Instructions (121 to 123):Of the four alternatives given in each of the following questions, find the one which isdifferent from the rest.

121. (A) Fast-Slow (B) Bright-Dark (C) Day-Night (D) Valley-Depth

122. (A ) Body-Hand (B) Foot-Ankle (C) Eye-Ear (D) Wrist-Finger

123. (A) Snake-Frog (B) Goat-Hen (C) Dog-Cat (D) Tiger-Deer

Instructions (124-126): Each question below has two statements followed by four conclusions I, II, III and IV. Youhave to accept the given statements to be true, even if they appear to be at variance from commonly known facts.Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two statements:

124. Statement One: All girls are students.Statement Two: All doctors are students. Conclusions:I. All girls are students.II. Some students are girls.III. Some students are doctors.IV. All doctors are girls.(A) Only I follows. (B) Only I and II follows. (C) Only II and IV follow. (D) Only I and II and III follows.

125. Statement One: All researchers are sociologistsStatement Two: Some researchers are professors. Conclusions:I. All researchers are professors.II. Some researchers are professors.III. Some professors are sociologists.IV. Some sociologists are researchers.(A) Only III and II follow. (B) Only II and IV follow. (C) Only III follows. (D) None follows.

126. Statement One: Some democracies are dictatorship.Statement Two: No dictatorship is a monarchy. Conclusions:I. No democracy is a monarchy.II. No dictatorship is a democracy.III. Some democracies are monarchy.IV. Some dictatorships are democracies.(A) None follows (B) Only IV follows. (C) II and III follow. (D) I and IV follow.

Instructions (127 to 129): The following questions comprise of one or more statements. Answer the questions on thebasis of the given statement(s). Accept the factual assumptions required by the question, even if you believe thatthe statement is false.

127. Statements:I. Cheese is bad for people with high-cholesterol.II. Sumeet does not eat cheese.Assuming that (i) and (ii) are true, which of the following statement follows?(A) Sumeet has high-cholesterol.(B) Cheese is bad for Sumeet.(C) People with high-Cholesterol do not eat cheese.(D) None of the above.

128. Statement: Democrats are secularists.Which of the following statements, if true, would show that the above statement is false?(A) My father is a secularist but he is not a democrat.(B) My father is a democrat but he is not secularist.(C) My father is a democrat and he is secularist.(D) My father is neither a democrat nor a secularist.

Volume- 1

46

129. Statement: Where there is a cloud, there is a rain.Which of the following statements, if true, would show that the above statement is false?(A) Sometimes there is cloud, but there is no rain.(B) Sometimes there is rain, but there is no cloud.(C) There is no rain where there is no cloud.(D) None of the above.

Instructions (130 to 132) : Read the following information carefully and then answer the questions.Four friends W, X, Y and Z are students of Class 10th. W and X are good in Hindi but poor in English. W and Y aregood in Science but poor in Mathematics. Y and Z are good in English but poor in Social Studies. Z and X are goodin Mathematics as well as in Science.

130. Who amongst the following friends is not good in Mathematics but good in Hindi?(A) W (B) Y (C) X (D) Z

131. Which of the following pairs of friends are good, both in English and Science?(A) W and Y (B) W and Z (C) Y and Z (D) Z and X

132. Which of the following statements is definitely true?(A) Y and Z are good in English as well as in Hindi(B) All four friends are good in Science(C) W is good in Social Studies, Hindi and Science(D) Y is not good in Mathematics, Hindi and Social Studies

Instructions (133 to 135): Select the statement which logically follows the two given statements.133. Statements:

I. No athletes are vegetarians.II. All players are athletes.III. Therefore ------——-------------(A) no players are vegetarians (B) all players are vegetarian(C) some players are vegetarian (D) all vegetarians are players

134. Statements :I. All persons who have done any creative work can be responsible criticsII. Z has not done any creative workIII. Therefore ------——--------------—(A) Z can be a responsible critic (B) Z cannot be a responsible critic(C) Z can become a responsible critic (D) Z cannot become a responsible critic

135. Statement:I. One who has squared a circle is not a mathematicianII. Therefore ---------------------—(A) No one who has squared a circle is a mathematician(B) All non-mathematicians have squared a circle(C) Some mathematicians have squared a circle(D) All mathematicians square a circle

136. Statement: The Supreme Court of India is encouraging Public Interest LitigationReasons:I. To increase the reach of justice to the disadvantaged sections of societyII. To quicken the pace of JusticeIdentify the correct reason for the aforementioned statement.(A) Both I and II are correct reasons of the statement(B) I is the correct reason of the statement(C) Both I and II are not correct reasons of the statement(D) II is the correct reason of the statement

Volume- 1

47

137. Yoga has become a very popular exercise, but it may not be for everyone. If you are interested in high energy andfast workouts, yoga may not be the best choice. Therefore, evaluate your fitness requirement before joining yogaclasses.This paragraph best supports the statement that:(A) Yoga is more popular than high energy exercise(B) Yoga is changing the concept of fitness in various ways(C) Before opting for Yoga, assess your fitness requirements(D) Yoga is a holistic fitness regime

138. Statistics allows us to understand the reality. It indicates developmental directions.Statistics is good for exposing reality, but it can also be manipulated to perpetuate untruth and misunderstanding.Data has power to mislead people.This paragraph best supports the statement that:(A) Words are more truthful than numbers(B) Study of statistics is more important than any other discipline(C) Numbers never lie(D) Numbers can be used to mislead people.

139. Technology has developed out of stone tools which were used in ancient times. At first, development of newtechnology was slow, but after neo-liberal economic policy was adopted there has been a tremendous growth intechnology sector.This paragraph best supports the statement that:(A) Stone tools were not really technology(B) Stone tools were in use in Ancient India(C) Today new technologies are developing at a fast pace(D) New technology has nothing in common with the stone tools

Instructions (140 to 144): Given below is a pair of events I and II. You have to decide their nature of relationship.Assume that the given information is correct and final.

140. I. Prices of toys in the market have gone downII.Government has reduced import duty on toys.(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause.

141. I. Inflation rate in India has come downII. Reserve Bank of India has increased interest rate.(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause

142. I. More and more students are opting for legal educationII.Bar Council of India has introduced Bar Examination(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause

143. I. Sea level is steadily risingII. Global Warming is a serious problem which the world is facing(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause

144. I. Financial Institutions are largely unregulatedII. Today, world is passing through a serious phase of economic crisis(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause

145. An argument is given below, on the basis of that argument; find out the parallel argument from the given list ofsubsequent argumentsArgument: Himalayan Sparrows are disappearing. This bird is an Indian bird; therefore, Indian birds are disappearing.Subsequent Arguments:

Volume- 1

48

(A) Industrialists pay most of the taxes. ‘Z’ is a wealthy man therefore ‘Z’ must pay most taxes(B) A pineapple is a fruit, a mango is a fruit therefore pineapple is a mango(C) Snow tigers are an endangered species; all endangered species must be protected; therefore snow-tiger must be protected(D) John is his father’s favorite son, and John knows this must be true because his father told him this; and no father would lie to his favorite son

Instructions (146 to 149): Each question below is followed by arguments. Choose the most appropriate choice fromthe options given below:(A) if Argument I is strong(B) if Argument II is strong(C) if Both the arguments are strong(D) if Both the arguments are weak

146. Question: Should Judicial Activism be discouraged?Argument I: No, it would lead to executive dictatorshipArgument II: Yes, Judiciary should stay in the constitutional limits

147. Question: Should the Judiciary be independent of Executive and Legislature?Argument I: Yes, this is necessary to ensure impartiality in the administration of JusticeArgument II: No, it will develop inertia in Executive and Legislature

148. Question: Should E-Governance be introduced at every Level of public administration?Argument I: Yes, it will reduce corruptionArgument II: No, it will lead to unemployment

149. Question: Should there be a world Government?Argument I: Yes, it will eliminate inter-state conflictsArgument II: No, Rich and Powerful countries will dominate it

150. “Some philosophers believe that a concept which cannot be verified can still be valid because of its inner logicwhich ennobles it.”In the light of the above statement, decide the status of the statement given below.Statement: “Every person has certain inherent and inalienable rights which must be protected by Rule of Law.”(A) True (B) False (C) Difficult to determine (D) Both True and False

Legal Aptitude

151. Principle: Only Parliament or State Legislatures have the authority to enact laws on their own. No law made by theState can take away a person’s fundamental right. Facts: Parliament enacted a law, which according to a group oflawyers is violating the fundamental rights of traders. A group of lawyers files a writ petition challengingthe Constitutional validity of the statute seeking relief to quash the statute and further direct Parliament to enacta new law.(A) No writ would lie against Parliament, as the court has no authority to direct Parliament to enact or re-enact a law(B) The court can quash existing law if it violates fundamental rights and can direct Parliament to make a new law(C) The court can quash the existing law if it violates fundamental rights but cannot direct Parliament to make a new law.(D) None of these

152. Principle: When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a viewto obtaining the assent of that person to such an act or abstinence, he is said to have made a proposal.Fact: “Ramanuj telegraphed to Shyam Sunder, writing: “Will you sell me your Rolls Royce CAR? Telegram the lowestcash price.” Shyam Sunder also replied by telegram: “Lowest price for CAR is Rs. 20 lakh.” Ramanuj immediately senthis consent through telegram stating: “I agree to buy the CAR for Rs. 20 lakh asked by you.” Shyam Sunder refusedto sell the car.(A) He cannot refuse to sell the CAR because the contract has already been made.(B) He can refuse to sell the CAR because it was only invitation to offer and not the real offer

Volume- 1

49

(C) It was not a valid offer because willingness to enter into a contract was absent(D) None of these

153. Principle: Every person, who is of the age of majority, is competent to contract according to the law to which heis subject.Facts: A minor mortgaged his house in favour of Thakur Das, a money lender, to secure a loan of Rs. 20000. A partof this, i.e. Rs. 10500 was actually advanced to him. While considering the proposed advance, the attorney whowas acting for the money lender, received information that the plaintiff was still a minor. Subsequently the minorcommenced an action stating that he was underage when he executed the mortgage and the same should, therefore,be cancelled. He prayed for setting aside the mortgage. The mortgagee money lender prayed for the refund of Rs.10500 from the minor.(A) As a minor’s contract is void, any money advanced to a minor can be recovered.(B) A minor’s contract is void ab initio, any money advanced to a minor cannot be recovered.(C) A minor’s contract is voidable; any money advanced to a minor can be recovered(D) Advanced money can be recovered because minor has given wrong information about his age.

154. Principle: A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making a contract if, at the time when he makesit, he is capable of understanding it and of forming a rational judgment as to its effect upon his interests.Facts: Mr. X who is usually of sound state of mind, but occasionally of unsound state of mind, enters into a contractwith Mr. Y when he was of unsound state of mind. Mr. Y having come to know about this fact afterwards, wants tofile a suit against Mr. X(A) Mr. X cannot enter into contract because he is of unsound state of mind when he entered into contract.(B) Mr. X can enter into contract but the burden is on the other party to prove that he was of unsound state of mind at the time of contract.(C) Mr. X can enter into contract but the burden is on Mr. X to prove that he was of sound state of mind at the time of contract(D) None of these

155. Principle:(1). The state shall not deny to any person equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within theterritory of India.(2). The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex and placeof birth or any of them.Facts: The Government of Rajasthan, passed an order providing for reservations for the Scheduled Castes/ ScheduledTribes and Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (including Muslims), and Women, in all institutions ofhigher education, including private educational institutions, both aided as well as unaided, in the followingmanner: Scheduled Caste- 15%; Scheduled Tribe- 7.5% , Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (includingMuslims) - 27%I. The reservation policy of the government is violative of the principle of equality envisaged in the ConstitutionII. The reservation policy is unconstitutional because it is based on ‘caste’ which is a prohibited markerIII. Reservation does not violate equality clause as it entails “like should be treated like and unlike should betreated differently.”IV. Reservation does not violate equality clause as the Constitution itself enables the State to make special provisionfor the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes andScheduled Tribes.(A) I is correct (B) I and II are correct (C) III is correct (D) III and IV are correct

156. Principle: Nothing is an offence merely by reason of its being done with the knowledge that it is likely to causeharm, if it be done without any criminal intention to cause harm, and in good faith for the purpose of preventingor avoiding other harm to a person or property.Facts: Mr. Sharman, the Captain of a steam vessel, suddenly and without any fault or negligence on his part, findshimself in such a position that, before he can stop his vessel, he must inevitably run down a boat B, with twenty orthirty passengers on board, unless he changes the course of his vessel, and that, by changing his course, he mustincur the risk of running down a boat C with only two passengers on board and which he may possibly clear.(A) Sharman has committed no offence because this was done out of necessity(B) Sharman can be held responsible for the act of criminal negligence(C) Sharman can be held responsible for culpable homicide(D) This is a clear case of accident so Sharman cannot be held responsible

Volume- 1

50

157. Principle: Willful rash driving is an offense.Facts: Mr. Tiwari was driving his car after drinking alcohol. Police books him for willful negligent driving. Is the actof the police lawful?(A) No, because Mr. Tiwari was not driving rashly; he was drunk while driving.(B) No, this is not a negligent act.(C) Yes, because Mr. Tiwari was driving rashly.(D) Yes, because the police has the power to arrest a person driving rashly.

158. Principle: Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any personwithout that person’s consent, moves that property with an intention to take it, is said to commit theft.Facts: Y cuts down a tree on Z’s ground, with the intention of dishonestly taking it out of Z’s possession without Z’sconsent. Y could not take away the tree.(A) Y can be prosecuted for theft (B) Y cannot be prosecuted for theft(C) Y can be prosecuted for attempt to theft (D) Y has neither committed theft nor attempted to commit theft

159. Principle: Injuria Sine Damnum i.e. Injury (violation of legal right) without damage Facts: X, who was the returningofficer at a polling booth in Amethi, wrongly refused to register a duly tendered vote of Y in the recent UP elections,even though Y was an eligible voter. The candidate in whose favour Y wanted to vote, was declared elected. Give theappropriate answer-(A) Y can sue X on the ground that he was denied the right to cast vote, which is a fundamental right.(B) Y can sue X on the ground that he was denied the right to cast vote, which is a legal right(C) Y cannot sue X because there is no injury or damage caused to Y(D) Y cannot sue X because the candidate in whose favor he wanted to vote was declared elected.

160. Principle: Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsound stateof mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or something that he is doing is either wrong or contraryto law.Fact: X takes his son Y who is three years old, for bathing to the well. He throws his son inside the well so that theson can have a good bath. After 10 minutes he also jumps into the well to take bath and get his son out of the well.Both were rescued by the villagers but his son was found dead.(A) X has committed culpable homicide amounting to murder(B) X has committed murder(C) X has done no offence as he can plead the defense of unsound state of mind(D) X’s family should be held responsible for allowing him to take the child to the well

161. Principle: Ignorance of Fact is excused but ignorance of law is no excuseFact: X was a passenger from Zurich to Manila in a Swiss Plane. When the plane landed at the Airport of Bombay on28 Nov. 1962 it was found on searching that X carried 34 kg of Gold Bars on his person and that he had not declaredit in the ‘Manifest for Transit’. On 26th Nov. 1962 the Government of India had issued a notification modifyingits earlier exemption, making it mandatory now that the gold must be declared in the “Manifest” of the aircraft.(A) X cannot be prosecuted because he had actually no knowledge about the new notification issued two days ago(B) X cannot be prosecuted because ignorance of fact is excusable(C) X can be prosecuted because ignorance of law is not excusable(D) X’s liability would depend on the discretion of the court

162. Principle: Proposal (communication) + Acceptance (communication) + Consideration = Contract. The communicationof a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made.Facts: X’s nephew absconded from home. He sent his servant in search of the boy. After the servant had left, X byhandbills offered to pay Rs. 501 to anybody finding his nephew. The servant came to know of this offer only afterhe had already traced the missing child. He, therefore, brought an action to recover the reward.(A) His action would fail because he was not aware of the offer(B) His action would not fail because it was a general offer(C) The fact that he was not aware of the offer does not make any difference and hence it was a valid contract. It isa mere formality(D) None of the above

Volume- 1

51

163. Principle: Agreements, the meaning of which is not certain, or not capable of being made certain, are void.Facts: A horse was bought for a certain price coupled with a promise to give Rs.500 more if the horse is provedlucky.(A) This is a valid agreement.(B) This agreement is void for uncertainty because it is very difficult to determine what luck, bad or good, the horsehas brought to the buyer.(C) The agreement is partially valid and partially void.(D) None of the above.

164. Principle: Mere silence as to the facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not afraud, unless the circumstances of the case are such that, on close examination it is found to be the duty of theperson keeping silent to speak, or unless his silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech.Facts: X sells by auction to Y, a horse which X knows to be of unsound state of mind. X says nothing to Y aboutthe horse’s unsound state of mind. Give the correct answer-(A) X can be held liable for fraud.(B) X can be held liable for misrepresentation(C) X cannot be held liable, because he did not say anything positive about the mental state of the horse.(D) X cannot be held liable because it is the buyer who must be aware of the things.

165. Principle: Any direct physical interference with goods in somebody’s possession without lawful justification iscalled trespass of goods.Facts: Z purchased a car from a person who had no title to it and sent it to a garage for repair. X believing wronglythat the car was his, removed it from the garage.(A) X can be held responsible for trespass of goods(B) X cannot be held responsible for trespass of goods as he was under a wrong belief.(C) X has not committed any wrong.(D) None of the above.

Instructions (166 to 180 ): Each of the next nine questions consists of two statements, one labeled as ‘Assertion’ (A) andother as ‘Reason’ (R). You are to examine these two statements carefully and mark the answer as:(A) if Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A.(B) if Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A(C) if A is true but R is false(D) if A is false but R is true

166. Assertion (A): A void contract is not necessarily illegalReason (R): Every illegal contract is void.

167. Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th November, 1949.Reason (R): Law Day is celebrated in India on 26th November every year.

168. Assertion (A): The state shall not make any law, which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by Part III(Fundamental Rights) and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, bevoid.Reason (R): The fundamental rights are the rights reserved by the people and for this reason they are eternal andsacrosanct.

169. Assertion (A): Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Part IV shall not be enforceable by any court, but theprinciples therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the dutyof the State to apply these principles in making laws.Reason (R): Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights are both complementary to each other butin case of any controversy fundamental rights will prevail.

170. Assertion (A): All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administereducational institutions of their choice.Reason (R): Institutions established by the minorities are not entitled to governmental aid and government is notunder an obligation to give aid.

Volume- 1

52

171. Assertion (A): The right to move the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution by appropriate proceedingsfor the enforcement of the fundamental rights is guaranteed as a fundamental right.Reason (R): Supreme Court of India has been appointed as the guardian of the Constitution.

172. Assertion (A): If the budget presented to the Rajya Sabha in not passed in the stipulated period, the budgetproposals are not affected.Reason (R): The Lok Sabha is more powerful, in financial matters, than the Rajya Sabha.

173. Assertion (A): In the Event of violation of any legal right (tort) the aggrieved party is entitled to recover unliquidateddamages. the same position in which he would have been if the wrong would not have been committed. Damages aretherefore, assessed on that basis.

174. Assertion (A): During inflation, there is increase in money supply and rise in price level.Reason (R): The rise in prices is due to shortage in supply of essential consumer goods.

175. Assertion (A): X, because of unsound state of mind and not knowing the nature of the act, attacks Y, who in selfdefense and in order to ward off the attack hits him thereby injuring him. Y has not committed an offence.Reason (R): Y had a right of private defense against X under Section 98 of the Indian Penal Code.

176. Assertion (A): X and Y independently entertained the idea to kill Z. Accordingly; each of them separately inflictedwounds on Z who died as a consequence. X and Y are liable for murder under 341 IPC.Reason (R): When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of common intention of all, each ofsuch persons is liable as if the whole act was done by him alone.

177. Assertion (A): A person claims compensation for his non-gratuitous act.Reason (R): A person who enjoys benefit from lawful, non-gratuitous act of another must compensate him eventhough there is no contract.

178. Assertion (A): Freedom of Speech is the most important civil liberty of people in a democratic polity.Reason (R): State can regulate free speech in the interest of public order.

179. Assertion (A): Austin’s concept of law is known as imperative theoryReason (R): Austin emphasized on the commanding character of law.

180. Assertion (A): The essence of joint liability under section 149 of the IPC is that the criminal act must have been donewith a view to fulfill the common object of an unlawful assembly.Reason (R): Any sudden and provocative act done by a member of an unlawfulassembly would render the other members of that assembly liable.

181. The following are enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution of IndiaI. Equality of status and of opportunity II. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worshipIII. Justice-social, economic and political IV. Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individualV. Unity and Integrity of the nationWhich of the following is the correct order in which they appear in the preamble?(A) V-I-II-IV-III (B) III-II-I-IV-V (C) III-I-II-V-IV (D)I-II-IV-III-V

182. Which one of the following statements is correct?Right to free and compulsory education for all children of the age of 6 to 14 years is:(A) a fundamental right enforceable in law(B) a fundamental duty(C) a directive principle of state policy(D) a fundamental right which, however, can be enforced only if the state makes an enabling legislation

183. Affirmative action connotes:I. Measures taken by the state to help the socially disadvantaged groupsII. Positive discriminationIII. Strict quotas for the socially and educationally backward class in school/college admissions and jobs.

Volume- 1

53

Which of the above mentioned is true?(A) I and II only (B) II only (C) I, II and III (D) II and III only

184. Identify the correct statement:(A) Federalism implies a system of government which embodies a division of powers between a central and a number of regional authorities(B) Federalism implies a system of government which embodies a division of powers between Legislature, Executive and Judiciary(C) Federalism implies a system of Government which embodies Parliamentary supremacy(D) None of these

185. Consider the following statements:I. In a recent Supreme Court verdict pronounced by Justice Markandeya Katju and Justice Gyan Sudha Mishra, the court upheld the constitutionality of the Haj subsidyII. Muslims are not the only beneficiaries of the secular state’s generosity. Hindus have also received substantial financial support from the Government With reference to the statements mentioned above, which of the following is correct?(A) I only (B) II only (C) Both I and II (D) Neither I nor II

186. X, a married woman, agreed to live in adultery with B and also agreed to serve him as his housekeeper. In return, Bagreed to pay X Rs. 500 per month for living in adultery and Rs. 500 per month for housekeeping. The agreement is(A) Valid(B) Void(C) Void as to the first object but valid with respect to the second object(D) Unlawful as being opposed to public policy

187. Ramu applied for the post of Director in an organization. The governing body of the organization passed a resolutionappointing him to the post. After the meeting, one of the members of the governing body informed him privatelyof the resolution. Subsequently, the resolution was rescinded. Ramu claims damages. Which one of the followingis the correct legal proposition in the case?(A) Ramu cannot claim damages as he had not resigned from his existing post in anticipation of getting theappointment letter(B) Ramu cannot claim damages as there was no formal communication(C) Ramu can claim damages as governing body cannot rescind the resolution once passed(D) Ramu can claim damages as there was private communication

188. The Railway authorities allowed a train to be over crowded. In consequence, a legitimate passenger Mr. X gothis pocket picked. Choose the appropriate answer:(A) Mr. X can sue the Railway authorities for the loss suffered(B) Mr. X cannot sue because he had given his consent to travel in a over-crowded train(C) Mr. X cannot sue railway authorities because there was no infringement of his legal right and mere fact that the loss was caused does not give rise to a cause of action(D) None of these

189. Z is carried off by a tiger. X fires at the tiger, knowing that the shot might kill Z, but with no intention to kill Z, andin good faith trying to save Z. X’s shot, however, gives Z a mortal wound. Choose the correct option –(A) X has committed an offence of a grievous nature.(B) X has no moral duty to save Z therefore he can be held liable.(C) X has not committed any offence, as the act was in good faith and for the benefit of Z.(D) None of the above

190. Ms. Usha wants to file a suit against Bhagyalaxmi Theatre praying for a permanent injunction (stay order) restrainingthe theatre from running the film named “Jai Santoshi Maa”. Her contention is that the film hurt her religiousfeelings and sentiments as Goddess Saraswati, Laxmi and Parvati were depicted as jealous and were ridiculed.(A) She cannot file a suit because injury to religious feelings is not a legally recognized right.(B) She cannot file a suit because the Theatre has a fundamental right to speech and expression.(C) She can file a suit as injury to religious feelings has been legally recognized as a right (injuria sine damnum)(D) It is a case of complete judicial discretion.

Volume- 1

54

191. Match schedule one and two and choose the appropriate answer-Schedule I Schedule II

i. Concurrent list 1. Constitution of Japanii. Rule of Law 2. Constitution of Irelandiii. Directive Principle of State Policy 3. British Constitutioniv. Procedure established by law 4. Constitution of Australia(A) i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4 (B) i-2, ii-4, iii-3, iv-1 (C) i-1, ii-3, iii-4, iv-2 (D) i-4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1

192. P, Q and R made a joint promise to give S a sum of Rs.3000. S recovered the whole amount from P. Q was declaredinsolvent and cannot give anything. Which statement out of the following is correct?(A) P cannot get anything from R. (B) P can recover Rs.1000 from R.(C) P can recover Rs.1500 from R (D) P can recover Rs.2000 from R.

193. X went to Y’s house and forgot his bag which contained 1 kg sweets. Y’s children consumed the sweets. Decide theliability of Y.(A) Y is bound to pay the price of sweets to X (B) Y is not bound to pay anything(C) Y is bound to pay half the price of sweets. (D) Y would not have to pay anything because X loves Y’s children.

194. Which one of the following is not correct?(A) Freedom of speech and expression includes freedom of press.(B) Right to life and personal liberty includes right to carry on any trade and profession(C) Right to equality includes the principles of natural justice(D) Freedom of conscience includes the wearing and carrying of kirpans by the Sikhs

195. Y makes an attempt to steal some jewels by breaking open a box and finds, after opening the box, that there is nojewel in it. Choose the appropriate answer.(A) Y is not guilty of attempt to theft because the box was empty. (B) Y is guilty of attempt to commit theft.(C) Y is guilty of trespass. (D) Y is not guilty of any offence.

196. A lady wanted to get a railway ticket but finding a crowd near the ticket window at the station, asked Raju, who wasnear the window, to get a ticket for her and handed him money for the same. Raju took the money and instead ofgetting the ticket, ran away with it. What offence has been committed by Raju?(A) No offence (B) Criminal breach of trust (C) Criminal misappropriation (D) Theft

197. The Right to Equality is guaranteed by-(A) Article 14 to 18 (B) Article 14 (C) Article 14 and 15 (D) Article 14, 15 and 16

198. Mr. Samay was severely hurt while working in his factory and fell unconscious. He wasrushed to a hospital byhis fellow workers. In the hospital (at emergency/casualty ward) the doctors opined that he should be operatedimmediately. While conducting preliminary examinations, he was found to be HIV positive. The doctors are in adilemma regarding what should they do first-(A) Doctors should operate first(B) Doctors should inform his family members(C) Doctors should inform his employers(D) Doctors should not inform anyone because it would violate patient’s right of privacy.

199. Match the schedule I and II and choose the appropriate answer-Schedule I Schedule IIi Republic 1. Head of the state is elected by the peopleii Secular 2. State does not recognize any religion as religion of the stateiii Democracy 3. The government which gets authority from the will of the people(A) i-1, ii-2, iii-3 (B) i-1, ii-3, iii-2 (C) i-2, ii-3, iii-1 (D) i-3, ii-2, iii-1

200. In which of the following cases can a Constitutional amendment be passed just by a simple majority in Parliament?(A) Election matters (B) Change in the name and boundaries of states(C) Powers of the President (D) None of the above

Answers given at the end of the magazine

Volume- 1

55

Feature : NLSIU, Banglore

The National Law School of India University, Bangalore

The National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bangalore came intoexistence by an Act of the State of Karnataka and began with its first batchin July 1988 under the aegis of Prof. (Dr.) N.R. Madhava Menon, with thevision to create a world class centre for legal education and research,and at the same time to reform the existing legal education in India. It wasthe first of its kind university for law in India and has since then paved theway for 15 national law universities in the country.

Academic Programmes :NLSIU offers a B.A. LL.B (Hons.) (Integrated Bachelor of Law) programme atthe undergraduate level, with an intake capacity of 80 students in eachbatch. It is a 5 year intensive curriculum, covering about 60 subjects in 12trimesters. It also offers post-graduate and research programmes includinga 2 year LL.M (Master of Law) degree in various disciplines and M. Phil(Master of Philosophy).

Activities and Facilities :NLSIU changed the way legal education was imparted in India. The teaching methodology is based on extensiveresearch, readings, project work, and clinical legal education. It attracts excellent faculty from India and abroadand facilitates international students exchange programme, allowing its students to study a semester in a universityabroad. Further, NLSIU provides its students with placement assistance, and over the years has seen nearly 100%placement every year.

NLSIU boasts of a holistic fully-residential academic programme and a range of curricular and non-curricularactivities. It conducts moot-courts (a mock court wherein students are presented with a fictional legal case and arethereafter required to research and submit a written memorial or brief, finally arguing their case before a panel ofjudges), debates, and hosts notable academic discussions. Students are also encouraged to participate in a varietyof co-curricular activities like sports, dramatics, musical and cultural fests.

Achievements:Over the years NLS has established a distinct name for itself, in India and abroad. Its alumni have establishedpractices in the High Courts and the Supreme Court, are partners at prestigious law firms globally like CliffordChance, Allen & Overy, Linklaters etc. and Amarchand Mangaldas, AZB & Partners, Trilegal, Luthra & Luthra, Khaitan &Co., etc. in India. Others have gone on to study further at prestigious institutes like Harvard, Yale, Oxford withdistinguished scholarships. Many have become judges, civil servants, academicians, professors or have joinedpolitics.

Admissions and Eligibility :Admission to the undergraduate degree programme is entirely on merit assessed through the Common Law AdmissionTest (CLAT) conducted every year. Students who have passed their class 12th with not less than 45% marks and havenot completed 20 years of age as on 1 July of the year of admission are eligible to take the exam.

“I loved my five years at law school and would go back in a heartbeat. Like every other law school in the country, nowhere else would you get the opportunity to spend your best years thinking about society and how to change it!“ , NLS, batch of 2007-2012 Niharika Rao

Volume- 1

56

Feature : International Management Institute, New Delhi (IMI)

B school profile-IMIIMI was established in 1981 at the national capital with the sponsorship of various corporates. It was set up incollaboration with IMI Geneva (now IMD Lausanne). The corporate sponsors include RPG Enterprises, Nestle, ITC,SAIL, TATA Chemicals, BOC and others.Padmashri Dr. Pritam Singh is the Director General of IMI. Mr. Sanjiv Goenka,the chairman of RP- Sanjiv Goenka Group is also the chairman of the board ofgovernors of the institute.Over a period of time in the last 30 years the Institute has acquired a trulyglobal status. The Institute received UNDP assistance for promotinginternationally oriented management education. Besides this it has alsovarious other international linkages with bodies like World Bank, UNDP, ILO,UNCTAD, Asian Productivity Organization etc.Presently it has three branches in New Delhi, Kolkata and Bhubaneswar.

Programs offered:IMI takes students through valid CAT score. Once a student gets a call throughCAT, he has to undergo a round of Group discussion and Personal interviewafter which he is offered a seat at the college. IMI offers four postgraduateprograms:

Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) is a two year full-time program approved by the All India Councilfor Technical Education (AICTE) and has been recognized by the Association of India Universities (AIU) as equivalentto MBA. To provide a global perspective to the students, the Institute’s flagship two year Post Graduate Program inManagement has a student exchange program with various European Schools such as ESC Rennes, France, MIPSchool of Management France, Graz University Austria, IESEG School of Management and IDRAC Lyon, France etc.

Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (Human Resource) PGDM - HR is a two year full-time program approved bythe All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and has been recognized by the Association of India Universities(AIU) as equivalent to MBA

Executive Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Executive PGDM) is a 15 months full-time program recognized bythe Ministry of Human Resources, Govt. of India. It is targeted at participants looking for an exposure in international

business. This program therefore requires the participants to have priorexperience in industry.

Post-Graduate Diploma in Management for Working Executives- PGDM-(WE) is  a  three  year  part-time program  for working  executives.  Thisprogram is recognised by Ministry of Human Resources, Govt. of India,and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

In addition, the institute offers a full range of custom-made in-companyprograms, and Management Development Programs (MDPs), all gearedto enrich creativity and ability to manage in a dynamic globalenvironment.

Volume- 1

57

Fees: For the flagship PGDM course the tuition fees for the 2013-15 batch is INR 11,85,000. Along with that the hostel andmess charges will be an additional INR 1,20,000 per year.

Placement:According to the institute website, for the 2012 batch, 49 companies visited the campus to hire a batch of 152. Outof them, 115 were from the PGDM program and 37 were from PGDHRM, IMI’s dedicated HR program. The highest andthe average domestic salary for PGDM was INR 21 lacs and INR 9.75 lacs whereas it was INR 11.35 and INR 8.60 forthe PGDHRM students. The highest International salary for PGDM stood at INR 29 lacs.

Ranking:From the last two years information, IMI Delhi is among the very good B schools of the country. The other twobranches at Kolkata and Bhubaneswar are new and there is quite a big difference between these branches with theDelhi branch

B-School Experience

My IMI Life

A usual hot day of April, I came back from office only to find a new e-mail in my inbox. The mail reads “Congratulations!You have been selected for the Post Graduate Diploma in Management Program in International ManagementInstitute.”

Cut to 25th June, 2012, New Delhi – outside temperature 48 degree Celsius, we have gathered in the auditorium of IMI,New Delhi, for the induction process. A lot of rules and regulations have been informed, one of them being – “all thestudents can get ‘F’ if all of them perform badly” - enough to scare the new joiners, most of them having engineeringcollege experience prior to this. But the seniors came at rescue by saying that it takes a lot of hard work to get an ‘F’,much to our relief, since hard work did not feature in our daily routine, at least till then.

Next day was the first class of my MBA curriculum. Class schedule said that the class starts at 8.30 am, thankfullyI reached exactly on time only to find the professor already standing there and I became the last person to beallowed to enter the class, half of the class standing behind the closed door. But the story doesn’t end here, within10 minutes of the beginning of the class, the rest of the people were also sent to join the people outside – reasonbeing, we had not come prepared with the 25 pager “Harvard Business Review” case with the solution in thenotebook, which was given as a pre-read in the course material. Stupefied, we’ve learnt that attending the classrequires active participation in the class discussions, vegetables are not needed in the class.

After a fortnight, got our first assignment, nothing unusual till this point, but the catch was – submission deadline– 23:59 pm of the same day!! Had our first taste of “si opus sit” – if there is a need, you need to work till mid night.Some of us, still in the mood of the graduation college days, tried to submit it 5 minutes after the deadline and failed,the web portal was blocked exactly at 23:59 pm!!

By the time we were getting used to this new strictly disciplined system, got the next hurdle called “surprise quiz”,and to add more to our surprise, it contained everything that was taught till the previous class and had three setsof questions to ensure everyone writes on their own. By the time the quiz ended, we started wondering when theprofessor must have got the time to make three sets, as the previous class was only on the day before!

Now, while writing this article, as I look at my book shelf, I see a pile of numerous HBR cases of different subjects andbelieve me, all of them are read and properly prepared even if it had called for sleepless nights as I had to prepare for nextday’s assignments, not-so-surprising-any-more “surprise quizzes” and B-school competitions also. Foregoing the weekendshas become a part of life owing to the guest lectures, which bring key industry people to share their experiences.

But, how can we complain? When the professors are putting so much effort for the classes, taking care almost atindividual level, it’s justified on their part to ask us to come prepared for the classes or to submit the assignmentson time. Anytime we need a help, they are just a phone call away. Some of them go beyond the formal teacher-student

Volume- 1

58

relationship and become our personal counselors at times, trying to guide us to choose the right career path. Havingyears of industrial experience, they give the best insight about the industry and to give the idea about present dayscenario, they invite guest lecturers from relevant industry backgrounds to share their thoughts.

Apart from the usual guest lecture sessions and small 2 days summits dedicated to one discipline, we have“Conventus”, a weeklong summit, wherein senior management people from different industries and different disciplinescome together to share their thoughts on some present day relevant topics. Each day is dedicated to one of the key areaslike marketing, finance, HR, etc. having four slots a day, making it a very hectic but really engaging sessions. Learning fromthose sessions is not for any mid-term or end-term in the B-school, but for the future ahead. Listening to the CMOs andCFOs of the MNCs from different industrial sectors on one platform is itself an experience for us.

Conventus ends with our cultural fest “Kritva”- taking all our exhaustion away, leaving us afresh. Along with Kritva,we have at least 5 more cultural nights keeping our entertainment quotient high throughout the year. All the clubsand committees also keep on conducting different events throughout the year, keeping us on our toes all the time,making IMI a happening place always.

Pracheta ChattopadhyayPGDM 2012-14

International Management Institute, New Delhi

GD and Interview Experince

Institute : Management Development Institute, Gurgaon (MDI)

GD Topic : TV & Movies influence children more than parents

Number of participants present : 10 Time: 8 mins

Details :The panel gave us 2 mins to gather our thoughts and said that they will give us 10-15 mins for discussion dependingon how our discussion proceeds. It started off peacefully, I was the 2nd one to enter with the point that Movies area mirror of our society so its easy for kids to relate their life with movies than one of the guys interrupted and thereon it was a complete fish market. The worst GD of my life, nobody letting anybody make their points, the panel gotfrustrated and stopped us well before time and it reflected also in the way the PI was taken. It all happened becauseof one person who was shouting all the time.

PI Details:Panel Members Intro: 2 male, one young (P1) one middle age (P2) professor, 1 silent female professor. 2 personsbefore me had stress interviews.. They were grilled and with me it started on the same lines.

P2: So Piyush, you were a diplomat in e-biz. That’s a very high post. (Sarcasm)Me: Nothing such sir, it was just a level, actually we used to get levels based on the sales we achieve and I was a

Diplomat.

P2: So what was this e-biz, was this your company?Me: (what are you saying) Obviously not sir, its based in Noida.

P2: It’s a big company (I have no idea why he said so but could sense a lot of sarcasm in his tone). So tell me why youjoined this company?? ( was waiting for this question)

Me: Sir, I would like to brief you on this. I belong to a lower middle class family and since the age of 12 yrs I’m supportingmy education myself. In 2nd yr of my engg my father’s earning was so poor that he could hardly support our familyexpenses. (that sarcastic smile went away from his face). That time I attended the seminar of e-biz which was takenby a person from SRCC and liked the concept of MLM and joined it primarily to support my family. I worked well andthanks to the almighty I could support my family since then with Rs. xxxxx/mnth. Primarily my reason for joining

Volume- 1

59

was money then I fell in love with the things we did there. We used to motivate people to do better things in life. Asyou know sir, most of the college students spend most of their time in shopping malls and study just one day beforeexams, we actually motivated them to spend time developing certain skill sets and make it big in life.

P2 : so what were your primary responsibilities?Me: Sir, Primarily it was selling the products of the company for which I had to sell myself, train distributors, organise

promotional events of capacities ranging from 100-2000 people, taking those events and even training people totake such meetings, managing people, solving any problem if it arises, promoting my work to new places outsideKolkata, managing a team of 17,000 people which I had.

P1: You managed 17,000 people ?Me: Not me alone sir, it was a whole network. I was responsible for making it work properly.

P1: So you arranged this free computer awareness camp. Tell me more about it.Me: Sir we had a free package in our company for students. We, 5-6 friends together rented a place, bought 20 PC’s and

people used to bring poor kids of classes 8-11 for learning computers.

P2: So what were the learning from your work?Me: I learnt a lot of things. I was a very introvert person and hardly spoke to people. I learnt marketing, public speaking.

I learnt how to make people work and what is the primary motivating factor for people. I travelled to many parts ofthe country and learnt how to gel well with people, developing inter-personal skills. I learnt public speaking. I learntevent management as well.

P2: So what’s your biggest strength?Me: I’m a very passionate person sir. Whenever I do something I give it all I have and end up achieving good results. At

e-biz I was the fastest 2nd, 3rd and 4th level achiever in WB and the record still holds. I started preparing for MBAentrance tests and scored a 99+ in all the exams I sat for. I am good at leading people. The people who attended myleadership empowerment workshops have always said that i am one of the best and are still in touch with me andrespect me.

P2: So what’s your goal in life?Me: Sir, I want to be a successful entrepreneur and contribute to the society in whichever way possible. Belonging from

a lower middle class background I’ve seen lot of difficulties in life so I will open an NGO alongside my business tohelp poor kids study as I myself wanted to learn a lot but hardly had money to purchase books.

P2: How will you afford MBA?Me: Sir, I will take an Educational loan. I have some Rs. xxxxxx saved with me but I will keep that aside for my sister’s

marriage and take up a loan for studies.

P2: What about your family, how will they survive?Me: I had a talk with them and discussed the opportunity cost of doing an MBA. Both my father and sister are earning as

of now and my brother is about to graduate so if required he can earn as well to support the family. Moreover I havegiven that Rs. xxxxx/mnth to my family till 2012 end so it’s just about 2yrs after which definitely I’ll take care ofthings myself.

P2: If you’re such a good speaker and motivator what happened in the GD?Me: Sir, I tried to make my points but was always cut in between and people were not letting others make their points.

P2: Why didn’t you moderate and guide the GD in the right direction?Me: I thought doing that would be showing disrespect to the moderator.

P2: Was there a moderator? (a tough look on the face)Me: No sir, but you people were there so I thought it may be a disre spect to you people. So I didn’t try to do so.

P2 looks at P1, “I’m done, you continue” and he leaves the room

P1: Which other calls you have ?Me: IIM-L, FMS, IIFT, IIT-B, D, etc..

Volume- 1

60

P1: What do you mean by etc?Me: NITIE, NMIMS. (Didn’t wish to mention Symbiosis and DSE. Forgot to mention new IIMs)

P1 : and MDI right?Me: Obviously sir (with a big smile on my face)

P1 : Are you done with their gd-pi ?ME: Yes sir, only NITIE & IIT-D left.

P1 looks at the female professor and asks whether she wants to ask anything, she nods her head and I’m asked to leave.Me: thank you :)

Interview with CAT / XAT toppers

Topper Says...Consistency is the key to ace aptitude tests. I had followed a simple daily schedule for my preparations. I used to putin 25 hrs every week in slots of 1 hr each. I allocated these slots in 4 broad areas - Maths, Logical Reasoning, DataInterpretation and Verbal Ability. One needs to balance the time spent in the 4 areas well, with a little more focus onone’s weak areas.

Apart from the number of hours per week, every day in the morning I used to put in 1 hr extra comprising of 15-20minutes for speed maths (crucial for DI calculations) and 45 mins of newspaper reading (mainly editorials).

I can divide my preparation in 2 phases.

Phase 1 (May-June): This phase was mainly for solving all the basic study material which I had with me. I made surethat I covered all the topics from the study material in all the areas. Another thing which I followed was to study thetopics to be taught in the class, before the class itself. This helped me to grab knowledge faster and better. I finishedthe first lot of the study mat in 2 months. In this phase my focus was not on giving tests, but it was more onunderstanding the basics properly.

Phase 2 (July-October): Now as I had understood the basics properly, it was time to improve my test taking skills. Atime bound test helps much more than your knowledge of the subject. Always remember that Speed, Accuracycombined with the Right Choice of Questions holds the key to success in timed tests. Apart from solving advancedstudy materials and questions from other sources, I made sure that I give full length tests regularly. In the beginningI used to give 2 mocks a week, later I gave mocks on alternate days. I used to follow different strategies for mocks,like, area wise solving, difficulty wise solving and others. I analysed and understood which strategy suits me themost. After each mock I used to analyse my performance in terms of accuracy, areas of weakness, approach towardsparticular questions. I used to learn from my mistakes and improve my performance in subsequent mocks. Accordingto me Mocks are one of the important parts of your test preparation.

Trust me acing aptitude tests neither requires you neither to be a great mathematician nor amazing at English. It justneeds your ability to deal with situation prudently. Most of the questions you will face in the examination will belike a candy wrapped in a big paper. Most of us get frightened by seeing the sheer size of the package and lose timeon it, and some of us will open the wrapper and eat the candy. It is most important to think in simple terms. I avoidedusing formulas every time and solved most questions by simple methods. I used to figure out various question typesthat generally come in the mocks and devised the best possible way of solving them. Be consistent, select questionswisely in exams, keep your eyes open for shortcuts, take simple approaches to solve questions and you will surelyace the tests.

Piyush BeriwalaCAT – 99.56XAT – 99.72SNAP – 99.37NMAT – 99.34CMAT – Rank 213

Volume- 1

61

Static Info

Ministers of India

Cabinet MinistersDr. Manmohan Singh :  Prime Minister, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Planning,

Department of Atomic Energy, Department of SpaceBeni Prasad Verma :  SteelJairam Ramesh :  Rural DevelopmentV. Kishore Chandra Deo :  Panchayati Raj, Tribal AffairsPalaniappan Chidambaram :  FinanceSharad Chandra Govindrao Pawar :  Agriculture, Food Processing IndustriesA. K. Antony :  DefenceSushil Kumar Sambhajirao Shinde :  Home AffairsSalman Khurshid :  External Affairs Jaipal Sudini Reddy :  Science and Technology, Earth SciencesGhulam Nabi Azad :  Health and Family WelfareDr. Farooq Abdullah :  New and Renewable EnergyDr.(Shri) M. Veerappa Moily :  Petroleum and Natural GasVayalar Ravi :  Overseas Indian AffairsAjit Singh :  Civil Aviation Mallikarjun Kharge :  Labour and Employment Dr. M. Mangapati Pallam Raju :  Human Resource Development Kapil Sibal :  Communications and Information Technology, Law & Justice

(Additional charge)Anand Sharma :  Commerce and Industry, TextilesC. P. Joshi :  Road Transport and Highways, Railways (Additional charge)Ajay Maken :  Housing and Urban Poverty AlleviationSmt. Chandresh Kumari Katoch :  CultureG. K. Vasan :  ShippingKamal Nath :  Urban Development, Parliamentary AffairsHarish Rawat :  Water ResourcesKumari Selja :  Social Justice and EmpowermentM. K. Alagiri :  Chemicals and Fertilizers Praful Manoharbhai Patel :  Heavy Industries and Public EnterprisesSriprakash Jaiswal :  CoalK. Rahman Khan :  Minority AffairsDinsha J. Patel :  Mines

Ministers of State with Independent ChargeSmt. Krishna Tirath :  Women and Child DevelopmentJitendra Singh :  Youth Affairs and Sports

Volume- 1

62

Prof. Kuruppassery Varkey Thomas :  Consumer Affairs, Food and Public DistributionSrikant Kumar Jena :   Statistics and Programme ImplementationSmt. Jayanthi Natarajan :  Environment and ForestsManish Tewari :  Information and BroadcastingPaban Singh Ghatowar :  Development of North Eastern RegionDr. K. Chiranjeevi :  TourismBharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki :  Drinking Water and SanitationJyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia :  PowerK.H. Muniyappa :  Micro, Small and Medium EnterprisesSachin Pilot :  Corporate Affairs

Ministers of StatePaban Singh Ghatowar :  Parliamentary AffairsS. Jagathrakshakan :  Commerce and IndustryCharan Das Mahant :  Agriculture, Ministry of Food Processing IndustriesSuresh Kodikunnil :  Labour and EmploymentSrikant Kumar Jena :  Chemicals and FertilizersLalchand Kataria :  Rural DevelopmentSmt. Deepa Dasmunsi :  Urban DevelopmentS. Gandhiselvan :  Health and Family WelfareD. Napoleon :  Social Justice and EmpowermentK. C. Venugopal :  Civil AviationJitin Prasada :  Human Resource DevelopmentDr. Shashi Tharoor :  Human Resource DevelopmentRamachandran Mullappally :  Home AffairsV. Narayanasamy :  Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Prime Minister OfficeSmt. Daggubati Purandeswari : Commerce and IndustryAdhir Ranjan Chowdhury :  RailwaysKotla Jaya Surya Prakash Reddy :  RailwaysE. Ahamed :  External AffairsNamo Narain Meena :  FinanceSmt. Preneet Kaur :  External AffairsS. S. Palanimanickam :  FinanceSathyanarayana Sarvey :  Road Transport and HighwaysTariq Anwar :  Agriculture, Ministry of Food Processing IndustriesSmt. Ranee Narah :  Tribal AffairsPorika Balram Naik :  Social Justice and EmpowermentAbu Hasem Khan Choudhury :  Health and Family WelfareTushar Amarsinh Chaudhary :  Road Transport and HighwaysMilind Murli Deora :  Communications and Information Technology, Ministry of ShippingDr. (Smt.) Kruparani Killi :  Communications and Information TechnologyPratik Prakashbapu Patil :  CoalNinong Ering :  Minority AffairsPradeep Kumar Jain Aditya :  Rural DevelopmentRatanjit Pratap Narain Singh :  Home AffairsRajeev Shukla :  Planning, Ministry of Parliamentary AffairsJitendra Singh :  DefenceSmt. Lakshmi Panabaka :  Petroleum and Natural Gas

Volume- 1

63

State Chief MinistersAndhra Pradesh Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy

Arunachal Pradesh Nabam Tuki

Assam Tarun Gogoi

Bihar Nitish Kumar

Chhattisgarh Raman Singh

Delhi Sheila Dikshit

Goa Manohar Parrikar

Gujarat Narendra Modi

Haryana Bhupinder Singh Hooda

Himachal Pradesh Virbhadra Singh

Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah

Jharkhand Vacant[III]

Karnataka Siddaramaiah

Kerala Oommen Chandy

Madhya Pradesh Shivraj Singh Chauhan

Maharashtra Prithviraj Chavan

Manipur Okram Ibobi Singh

Meghalaya Mukul Sangma

Mizoram Pu Lalthanhawla

Nagaland Neiphiu Rio

Odisha Naveen Patnaik

Puducherry N. Rangaswamy

Punjab Parkash Singh Badal

Rajasthan Ashok Gehlot

Sikkim Pawan Kumar Chamling

Tamil Nadu Jayalalithaa

Tripura Manik Sarkar

Uttarakhand Vijay Bahuguna

Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav

West Bengal Mamata Banerjee

85 Academy Awards winnersth

Category AwardBest Picture Argo – Grant Heslov, Ben Affleck, andGeorge Clooney

Best Director Ang Lee – Life of Pi

Best Actor Daniel Day-Lewis – Lincoln as Abraham Lincoln

Best Actress Jennifer Lawrence – Silver Linings Playbook as Tiffany Maxwell

Best Supporting Actor Christoph Waltz – Django Unchained as Dr. King Schultz

Best Supporting Actress Anne Hathaway – Les Misérables asFantine

Best Writing-Original Screenplay Django Unchained – Quentin Tarantino

Best Writing-Adapted Screenplay Argo – Chris Terrio from The Master of Disguise by Antonio J. Mendez &

The Great Escape by Joshuah Bearman

Best Animated Feature Brave – Mark Andrews and Brenda Chapman

Volume- 1

64

Best Foreign Language Film Amour (Austria) in French – Michael Haneke

Best Documentary Feature Searching for Sugar Man – Malik Bendjelloul and Simon Chinn

Best Documentary Short Subject Inocente – Sean Fine and Andrea Nix Fine

Best live action short Film Curfew – Shawn Christensen

Best Animated short Film Paperman – John Kahrs

Best Original Score Life of Pi – Mychael Danna

Best Original Song “Skyfall” from Skyfall – Adele Adkins andPaul Epworth

Best Sound Editing Skyfall – Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers

Best Sound Mixing Les Misérables – Andy Nelson, Mark Paterson, and Simon Hayes

Best Production Design Lincoln – Rick Carter and Jim Erickson

Best cinematography Life of Pi – Claudio Miranda

Best Makeup and Hairstyling Les Misérables – Lisa Westcott and Julie Dartnell

Best Costume Design Anna Karenina – Jacqueline Durran

Best Film Editing Argo – William Goldenberg

Best Visual effects Life of Pi – Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer,

and Donald R. Elliott

Volume- 1

65

SIR ALEX FERGUSON

Childhood: Born to Alexander Beaton Ferguson, a plater’s helper in the ship building industry, and his wife, Elizabeth(née Hardie), Alex Ferguson was born at his grandmother’s home on Shield hall Road, Govan, on 31 December 1941.He attended Broomloan Road Primary School and later Govan High School, and supported Rangers.

Playing Career: Ferguson’s playing career began as an amateurwith Queen’s Park, where he made his debut as a striker aged 16.Dunfermline signed him from St. Johnstone in 1964, and Fergusonbecame a full-time professional footballer. He then joinedRangers for £65,000, then a record fee for a transfer between twoScottish clubs. There have been claims that he suffereddiscrimination at Rangers after his marriage to a Catholic, CathyHolding, but Ferguson himself makes it clear in hisautobiography that Rangers knew of his wife’s religion when hejoined the club and that he left the club very reluctantly, due tothe fall-out from his alleged cup final mistake. The followingOctober, he went to Falkirk. He was promoted to player-coachthere, but when John Prentice became manager he removedFerguson’s coaching responsibilities. Ferguson responded by requesting a transfer and moved to Ayr United, wherehe finished his playing career in 1974.

Career as a manger: In June 1974, Ferguson was appointed manager of East Stirlingshire, at the comparativelyyoung age of 32. It was a part-time job that paid £40 per week. The following October, he decided to join St. Mirren.Ferguson was manager of St. Mirren from 1974 until 1978, producing a remarkable transformation of a team in thelower half of the old Second Division watched by crowds of just over 1,000, to First Division champions in 1977.

Ferguson joined Aberdeen as manager in June 1978. Ferguson led Aberdeen to evengreater success the season 1982–83. They had qualified for the European Cup Winners’Cup as a result of winning the Scottish Cup the previous season, and impressivelyknocked out Bayern Munich and won a European trophy, with a 2–1 victory over RealMadrid in the final on 11 May 1983. Ferguson was appointed manager at Old Trafford on6 November 1986. After a slow start to the 1992–93 season, he took the club to the topof the table, ending United’s 26-year wait for a League Championship, and also makingthem the first ever Premier League Champions. Ferguson was voted Manager of the Yearby the League Managers’ Association. The 1998–99 season saw United complete anunprecedented treble sweep of trophies: the league, FA Cup and Champions League. Thesuccess coincided with the club becoming the world’s richest and most valuable sportingbrand worldwide. United ended the 1999–2000 league season as champions, with justthree defeats and a record points margin of 18. In the 2000–01 season, United retainedthe league title for a third season and became only the fourth side in history to do so.At the beginning of the 2004–05 season, teenage striker Wayne Rooney (the world’smost expensive teenager at more than £20 million) and Argentine defender GabrielHeinze joined  United while  Cristiano Ronaldo  continued where  he  had  left  off  theprevious season (his first) by putting in more match-winning performances. On 11 May

2008, Ferguson led Manchester United to a tenth Premier League title, exactly 25 years to the day after he ledAberdeen to European glory against Real Madrid in the European Cup Winners’ Cup. On 2 September 2012, Fergusonmanaged his 1000th league game with United against Southampton. Two weeks later, he won his 100th game in theChampions League with a 1–0 win over Galatasaray at Old Trafford. On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he

Volume- 1

66

was to retire as manager at the end of the football season, but would remain at the club as a director and clubambassador.

Awards and Accolades: On 5 November 2011, the Old Trafford North Stand was officially renamed the Sir AlexFerguson Stand in honour of his 25 years as manager of Manchester United. He has won 49 trophies as a manager,making him the most successful British football manager in history. He is also the only manager in English football tohave managed to finish in the top three league places in 20 consecutive seasons, since the 1991–92 season. Abronze statue of Ferguson, designed by Scottish sculptor Philip Jackson, was unveiled outside Old Trafford on 23November 2012. He also received the Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1983, Commander of theOrder of the British Empire (CBE) in 1995 and Knight Bachelor (Kt.) in 1999.

Controversies: In 2003, Ferguson was involved in a dressing room argument with United player David Beckham,resulting in an injury to Beckham, alleged to have been caused by Ferguson kicking a football boot in frustrationwhich hit the player in the face. It has also been suggested that Ferguson’s intimidation of referees results in “FergieTime”: that is, unusually generous injury time being added in matches where Manchester United are behind.

Volume- 1

67

SNAP - 2011 General Awareness

1. “Swayamsidha” is a scheme launched by the Government of India to help

(1) School Children only (2) Health workers only

(3) Senior citizen without any regular income (4) Women only

2. What is ‘Share swap’?

A. A business takeover in which acquiring company uses its own stock to pay for the acquired company.

B. When a company uses its own share to get some short term loan for working capital requirement

C. When companies are require to float a new issue to earn capital for their expansion programmes, each

Shareholder gets some additional preferential share. The process is known as Share Swap.

(1) Only A (2) Only A and B (3) Only C (4) None of the above

3. Regarding “carbon credits” which of the following statements is not correct?

(1) The carbon credits system was ratified in conjunction with Kyoto Protocol

(2) Carbon credits are awarded to those countries or groups who have reduced the green house gases below

their emission quota

(3) The goal of carbon credit system is to reduce carbon dioxide emission

(4) Carbon credits are traded at a price fixed from time to time by the United Environment Programme

4. Both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) are related to investment in a country.

Which one of the followingstatements best represents an important difference between the two?

(1) FII helps bring better management skills and technology while FDI only bring capital

(2) FII helps in increasing capital availability in general, while FDI only targets specific sectors

(3) FDI flows only into secondary markets while FII targets primary markets

(4) FII is considered to be more stable than FDI

5. In context of global oil prices, “Brent crude oil” is frequently referred to in the news. What does this term imply?

1. It is a major classification of crude oil 2. It is sourced from North sea 3. It does not contain sulphur

Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?

(1) 2 only (2) 1 and 2 only (3) 1 and 3 only (4) 1, 2 and 3

6. With reference to the “Look East Policy” of India, consider the following statements:

1. India wants to establish itself as an important regional player in the East Asian affairs.

2. India wants to plug the vacuum created by the termination of Cold war.

3. India wants to restore the historical and cultural ties with its neighbors in Southeast and East Asia.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(1) 1 only (2) 1 and 3 only (3) 3 only (4) 1, 2 and 3

Volume- 1

68

7. Recently “oilzapper” was in news. What is it?

(1) It is eco friendly technology for the remediation of oily sludge and oil spills

(2) It is the latest technology developed under sea oil exploration

(3) It is genetically engineered high biofuel – yielding maize variety

(4) It is the latest technology to control accidentally caused flames from oil wells.

8. Why is the offering of “teaser loans” by commercial banks a cause of economic concern?

1. The teaser loans are considered to be an aspect of sub – prime lending and banks may be exposed to the risk

of defaulters in future.

2. The teaser loans are given to inexperienced entrepreneurs to set up manufacturing or export units.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(1) 1 only (2) 2 only (3) Both 1 and 2 (4) Neither 1 nor 2

9. Why is the government of India disinvesting its equity in the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE)?

1. The Government intends to use the revenue earned from disinvestment mainly to pay the External debt

2. The Government no longer intends to retain the management control of CPSEs

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(1) 1 only (2) 2 only (3) Both 1 and 2 (4) Neither 1 nor 2

10. The book “Unto this Last”which influenced Gandhiji, was authored by

(1) Boris Yeltsin (2) Pushkin (3) Ruskin Bond (4) John Ruskin

11. Besides USA, India has signed, with which of the following countries the agreement being named as “Cooperation

Agreement on the development of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy”?

(1) Italy (2) Germany (3) France (4) Australia

12. Which of the following country is not a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)?

(1) Russia (2) USA (3) Italy (4) Iran

13. Many times we read in the newspaper that several companies are adopting the FCCBs route to raise capital. What

is the full form of FCCB?

(1) Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (2) Foreign Convertible Credit Bonds

(3) Financial Consortium and Credit Bureau (4) None of these

14. As per the reports published in various newspapers, RBI has asked banks to make plan to provide banking

services in villages having population of 2000. This directive issued by the RBI will fall in which of the following

categories?

(1) Plan for financial inclusion (2) Efforts to meet Priority sector lending

(3) Extension of Internet and Branchless banking. (4) None of these

15. Which of the following is/ are treated as artificial currency?

(1) ADR (2) GDR (3) Both ADR and GDR (4) SDR

16. Which of the following terms indicates a mechanisms used by commercial banks to provide credit to the Government?

(1) Cash Credit Ratio (2) Debit Service Obligation

(3) Liquidity Adjustment Facility (4) Statutory Liquidity Ratio

Volume- 1

69

17. Who among the following was not part of the drafting committee of the Lokpal Bill?

(1) Salman Khurshid (2) Anna Hazare (3) Arvind Kejriwal (4) Kiran Bedi

18. Criminal procedure is a subject of which of the following lists?

(1) State List (2) Concurrent List (3) Union List (4) Both 1 and 3

19. One of the world’s biggest Uranium resources was recently found in

(1) Andhra Pradesh (2) Maharashtra (3) Jharkhand (4) Uttarakhand

20. Which of the following was the first venture of Kishore Biyani

(1) Pantaloons (2) Big Bazaar (3) Central (4) Future Capital Holdings

21. Who among the following is often referred to as father of India’s “Green Revolution”?

(1) Dr. Verghese Kurien (2) Dr. Amrita Patel (3) M. S. Swaminathan (4) Gurudev Khush

22. Who among the following directed the movie Peepli Live?

(1) Ashutosh Gowarikar (2) Kiran Rao (3) Anusha Rizvi (4) Seema Chisti

23. The point at which soild, liquid and gaseous forms of a substance co – exist is called

(1) sublimation (2) distillation point (3) triple point (4) melting point

24. The limit beyond which the stars suffer internal collapse is called the

(1) Raman Effect (2) Chandrashekhar limit (3) Aurora Borealis (4) Quasan Zone

25. UNDP reports publishes every year the Human Development Index. Which of the following is not a criteria used to

measure the Human Development Index?

(1) Health (2) Education (3) Living Standards (4) Human Rights

26. The software company, I – flex Solutions, was originally a division of which famous financial services company?(1) Citicorp (2) ICICI (3) HSBC (4) ABN Amro Bank

27. Which of the following is not a member of SAARC?(1) Bhutan (2) Bangladesh (3) Burma (4) Maldives

28. Which Article of the Indian Constitution recognizes Hindi in Devanagari Script as the official language of India?(1) Article 345 (2) Article 343 (3) Article 348 (4) Article 334

29. India has finally woken up to the needs of the country’s elderly. With the number of people in the 60 – plus age groupin India expected to increase to 100 million in 2013 and to 198 million in 2030, the health ministry is all set toroll out the(1) National Programme for Health care of the Elderly (2) National Programme for Senior Citizens(3) National Programme for Old Aged (4) Rashtriya Vriddha Swasthya Yojana

30. Which of the following statements is/are correct?1. Non – resident Indians (NRIs) can now cast votes in their home constituencies in India.2. The NRI can cast his vote by postal balloting.

(1) 1 only (2) 2 only (3) Both 1 and 2 (4) Neither 1 nor 2

Volume- 1

70

31. In a landmark move, which of these State governments has set up a Savarna Aayog, a commission to identify the

deprived and underprivileged families among upper castes?

(1) Uttar Pradesh (2) Bihar (3) Madhya Pradesh (4) Rajasthan

32. Which of these countries has announced one billion US dollar aid for the reconstruction of Nalanda University?

(1) Japan (2) Singapore (3) Malaysia (4) China

33. What is the name of the in-house magazine to be published by the Indian Railways, to be distributed to the

passengers on high end trains?

(1) Rail Vishwa (2) Rail Bandhu (3) Rail Mail (4) Rail Patra

34. The government, in February 2011, set up a task force to create a way to provide direct subsidies to the ultimate

beneficiaries on petroleum working gas and fertilizers. The task force will be headed by -

(1) Nandan Nilekani (2) Apoorva Sinha (3) Sangam Chitra (4) All of these

35. Which of these countries has been added in the ‘BRIC’ (Brazil– Russia – India – China) groupin of emerging economies?

(1) South Korea (2) Venezuela (3) South Africa (4) Malaysia

36. Which of the following countries was the host of First Asian Yoga Championship held recently?

(1) Thailand (2) Cambodia (3) Vietnam (4) Laos

37. Who among the following has been defeated by Saina Nehwal, who has won the Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold title

recently, becoming the First Indian to do so?

(1) Ji Hyun Sung (2) Wang Lin (3) Kamilla Rytter Juhl (4) Shinta Mulia Sari

38. On March 6, 2011, the Supreme Court held that the __________ has ample powers to enact legislation with respect

to extra-territorial aspects for the security of India?

(1) President (2) Prime Minister (3) Supreme Court (4) Parliament

39. Which country has appointed Brigadier General Ravinder Singh as its next Army chief, the first Sikh in nearly 30

years to be given the force’s batton

(1) Thailand (2) Singapore (3) Malaysia (4) Indonesia

40. Anant Pai, better known as ‘Uncle Pai’, who recently died was the creator of which among the following comic

series?

(1) Chacha Chaudhary (2) Chandamama (3) Indrajaal (4) Amar Chitra Katha

Answers given at the end of the magazine

Volume- 1

71

September 2013 MAT

Management Aptitude Test (MAT) is a standardised  test being administered since 1988 to help Business Schools  (B-Schools) to screen candidates for admission to MBA and allied programmes. Govt. of India, Ministry of HRDapproved MAT as a national level test in 2003. MAT examination is conducted four times every year, on the firstSunday of February, May, September and December.

Mode of Test:Candidate can choose any one of the two options to take the test: Paper Based Test or Computer Based Test.

Test Date:The paper based test will be conducted on 1st September, 2013 (Sunday) and the Computer Based Test will beconducted 7th September, 2013 onwards.

Test Duration:The test will be of 150 minutes duration.

Test Pattern:The test will have 200 questions divided into 5 sections each having 40 questions each. There will be no sectionaltime limit. The candidate will be given score out of 800 marks.

Eligibility: Graduates in any discipline. Final year students of graduate Courses can also apply.

How to apply:Registration will start from 1st week of July 2013 onwards. Candidates can choose any one of the three ways ofapplying: Obtain Form with MAT Bulletin/CD against cash payment of Rs 1200/- (One thousand two hundred only) from

listed branches of Bank of Baroda, Axis Bank, listed Study Centre of AIMA or from AIMA, New Delhi. Obtain crossed Demand Draft (DD) of Rs 1200/- (One thousand two hundred only) in favour of ‘All India

Management Association’ payable at Delhi from any Bank. Register online at website link: http://apps.aima.in/matsept13 along with the DD details. Detailed procedure is given on the website link.

Register online at website link - http://apps.aima.in/matsept13 and make payment with with Credit Card/Debit Card (ATM Card). Detailed procedure is given on the website link.

Last Date For sale of Forms and for Online Registration:14 August 2013 (Wednesday)

Last Date for submission of filled in Registration Forms at AIMA, New Delhi:17 August 2013 (Saturday)

Test Centre City:Details will be available by 1st week of July 2013 onwards

Volume- 1

72

T. Raghunath

Location: VistaMind Chennai

A Post Graduate In Statistics From Madras University 1973

University Rank Holder in both B.Sc and M.Sc

Worked as a Lecturer in Loyola College for almost a year 1973-1974

Worked in various capacities in officers cadre in Syndicate Bank for 20 years 1974-1994

Worked in General Manager/Chief General manager in El Forge Limited for 7 years 1994-2001

CAT trainer from 2001 till date. Trained over 30000 student in the past decade.

Passion: Mentoring (and Teaching) Students

Raghunath Sir is someone who is extremely passionate about mentoring students and ensur-

ing that their performance graph keeps climbing the scale consistently. His relationship with thestudents transcends that of a teacher and student in more ways than one. Students look at him asa figurehead and approach him for a lot more things than just CAT training.

Raghunath Sir has always been a thorough people's person. It is a very common sight to seestudents throng him before and after his class to discuss various issues. There are days whenthough his class ends at 8.15 pm, he leaves the venue only at 9.15 pm after patiently answering allstudent queries. This is not just restricted to his classes. In his office as well, one can always seea student or two who would have come to meet him. There have also been days where for himmeeting students has taken precedence over his important personal commitment. Such is his

passion towards teaching.

Volume- 1

73

Crossword

9

ACROSS1 Increase, exacerbate 14 wonderful (slang) 24 non placet

6 monotonous routine 15 aerated drink 26 compose

7 move bit by bit 16 play on word 27 soon

9 nurture 17 radical 30 ward off

11 gold pieces 19 much ado 31 burden

12 invalid 22 ……..vs real life of a star

DOWN1 Rough 6 & 28. 24 across 21 to hold by absorption

2 verbose 10 prefix meaning ‘without’ 23 solitary

3 tease 13 …….before the storm 25 in the stern of a ship

4 hyena: laugh, horse: ? 18 order

5 Honesty 20 open

Answers given at the end of the magazine

Volume- 1

74

Gadget Review

Samsung Tab2 P3100

Samsung mobiles have always brought out quality handsets and tabletsthat cater to individual needs based on a large demographic. RecentlySamsung came with an offer for its Galaxy series of smart phones andtab.

I was an user of Reliance Tab V9C for the last two years and thought ofupgrading to Samsung Tab 2 P3100.

The Samsung Tab2 P3100 has wide screen area for multimedia and touchsensitive applications, powerful 1 GHz dual core processor, PowerVRSGX540 graphics chip for gaming purposes and 2G/3G compatibility.The Samsung Tab2 P3100 runs on the latest version of Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean). One big problem with the Tab 2 isthat its battery can’t be removed. It feels more comfortable and portable while using with both hands. It cannot fitinto our jeans and trouser pockets. The design is very much similar to its earlier versions.

In terms of User Interface overlays, Samsung has come far with the famous Touch Wiz UX interface. The movementsand phone functions come without lag using this interface and also makes the phone perform better. The SamsungTab2 P3100 comes with a Gyro Sensor, Light and proximity sensor. All the sensors together enable the tablet toperform at peak conditions.

The Samsung Tab2 P3100 comes with 1 GB RAM gives the device enough free memory to run multiple tasks at thesame time. It has an in-built memory of 16 GB. This memory can further be expanded to another 32 GB by using amicro SD memory card. This gives the device a lot more memory in total and we can use this extra memory to storeall our favorite videos and music files.

The 7 inch TFT Capacitive touch screen has a resolution of 1024 X 600 pixels which make images and high qualityvideos stand out in vivid clarity. The screen is capable of 16 M colors. The PLS screen also makes the photos takenwith the 3 MP camera look bright and vivid, with good contrast levels. The front facing 0.3 megapixel camera is goodenough for video conferencing.

The 4000 mAh Li-Ion battery keeps the device powered for over 20 hours on 3G and 30 hours on 2G networks. Thisis another area where they could have improved as I have to charge the tab every day. The Samsung Tab2 P3100comes with a standby time of around 800 hours. The device has 3G connectivity and supports 21 Mbps HSDPA andHSUPA connections. Gprs and Edge are also supported. The primary camera is capable of Full HD video recordingand playback. The A-GPS works well in conjunction with the Google Maps installed. The USB 2.0 port is fast enoughfor rapid data transfers.

The Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 P3100 is among the best 7 inch Tablet in the market, and at Rs. 16400 (and on it a cashback of 15%) it is a very good option to opt for from Samsung. But, many domestic manufacturers these days arecoming with far better and cost effective tablets. It comes with class and quality. It has great selection of apps. Thecamera work is good but could have been better with LED flash. Its embedded features are better and abundant.

Our Verdict

Book Review

IS SHIVA TRILOGY IS A MUST READ OR NOT??

A sequel is a narrative, documental, or other work of literature, film, theatre or music that continues the story of, orexpands upon, some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction, a sequel portrays events setin the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work. Such asequel is The Shiva Trilogy written by Amish Tripathi, an IIM-C graduate. Sequels are really hard to write as you have

Volume- 1

75

to acquire some tricky writing techniques to pull them off. It is really challenging for the writer to think upon a newplot which is consistent to the earlier one keeping the reader’s interest also. I think that in his trilogy Amish hasdone it amazingly.

In his first book ‘Immortals of Meluha’ he introduced Shiva as a Tibetan tribal legend. After consuming the Somrashe turned into Neelkanth and then he was considered to be the saviour of the Meluha. He fought for Meluha. Hisactual motive was to find out the actual evil which he found out to be the Somras as described in the third part. It isthat Somras which turned him into a legend.

In the second part ‘The Secret of The Nagas’ Amish tried to glorify the activities of the nagas who were hated by themeluhans. The story in which he made a connection between the meluhan king Daksha and Naga queen Kali isfantastic.

In the last part ‘The Oath of The Vayuputras’, Shiva dedicated himself in destroying the true evil Somras. For thisShiva used his ultimate weapon Pasupatiasthra and as a result millions of meluhans died. Though the whole plotis amazing there are some flaws in the writing . The great scientist Brihaspati had actually no role in the plot indestroying the Somras. What is the need of introducing a character like Tara, the lover of Brihaspati? The mainconspiracy was done by Lord Vrigu. He insisted Daksha to destroy the Neelkanth. But at the end of the story he wasnot punished for what he had done. But Vrigu’s friends who were with him in the conspiracy were destroyed. LordNeel kanth used the ultimate weapon Pasupatiasthra inspite of the Vayuputras warned him not to use it. Why shouldyou kill the millions of innocent peoples of meluha for the wrongdoings of their king? I think this ultimately defilesthe image of the great Neelkanth. The problem of the panchvati also remained unsolved which is still a mytery to thereaders. Where should the Nagas go after the destruction of the Meluha?

But overall it is a very good story and a worth – reading to me. I think Amish tried it really hard to give The ShivaTrilogy a modern look and he is successful in doing it.

Our Verdict

Latest Apps

WHATSAPP

On 16th May, as the IPL 2013 spot fixing hit the headlines, the police said that the taintedcricketers were in touch with the bookies through a new application- Whatsapp.

So, what is Whatsapp?“We know people go to sleep excited about who they chatted with that day (anddisappointed about who they didn’t). We want WhatsApp to be the product that keeps youawake… and that you reach for in the morning.”- is what one of the official blogs on thewhatsapp website say about the application.Whatsapp - is a cross platform messaging application which can be installed in anysmartphone- windows, iphone , blackberry or android. Now, you don’t need BBM only tochat with a friend who has a blackberry. This application is developed by Whatsapp Inc, a company formed by twopersons working previously at Yahoo. As a leading newspaper wrote “ whatsapp will do to sms what skype has doneto the international calls to landlines”.

Why do we need Whatsapp?The generation “Y” these days are mostly using smartphones where they are connected to their friends throughvarious social networking sites using the mobile internet services. As the mobile telephony has developed from 2Gservices to 3G and now 4g services, the cost of internet services on a mobile phone has gone down and the dataspeed has gone up. On the other hand the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has first put a restriction onbulk sms and then a cap on the number of sms sent per day ranging from 30 to 100 sms per day. Most of the younggeneration people who were heavily dependant on messaging services had to cut down on the messages due to this.

Volume- 1

76

People were looking for an alternative and that is given by whatsappp. Whatsapp can be used to send messages aswell as photos, videos and audio messages without any extra cost. It only needs an working internet connection inthe phone. The internet that was used initially to view facebook and twitter will now be used to send messages also.One has to install the free whatsapp application in the mobile phone.

What is the cost of using Whatsapp?Whatsapp comes for free for one year service and after that you will have to buy the license by paying a minimumsum of Rs 50-60 for another additional year service. This is where the cost has reduced by a huge margin andanybody can also afford the above sum very easily. Above all the sum is for one year service whereas sms top upsare monthly services where you will have to recharge your account every month thus saving on your effort. As oneof the owners of Whatsapp when asked about the charges said. “Have you considered the alternatives?”

Let us try and analyse the financial aspect in details?Every month, Ram spends Rs 100 for 1 GB data connection and uses an sms top up Rs 69 for 100 free sms/per day.For the MMS, the cost is additional Rs 5/per mms. If in a month he sends 20 mms then the total cost for that monthof sms and mms together is Rs 169. If we add the data cost then the total becomes Rs 269 per month or Rs 3228 peryear. On the other hand if he uses Whatsapp then there will be a direct saving s of Rs 2000. Even if he goes for ahigher data limit i.e. Rs 199 for 2 GB still he ends up saving money. For normal browsing and checking emails a datalimit of 1 GB is more than sufficient and the whats app messages can easily be sent with the remaining data.

Whatsapp, which handled one billion messages in a day in October 2011 for the first time went on to handle 10billion messages in a day by the end of the next year 2012.For the information, one billion messages mean-41,666,667 messages an hour, 694,444 messages a minute, and 11,574 messages a second.Whatsapp is not the only messaging service available to us. We talk, Kakao Talk and various others are alsoavailable in the market. There will be a situation when people will stop using the sms service of the service providerand will shift entirely to various messaging services like Whatsapp.

Our Verdict :

ExcellentVery GoodAveragePoorHopeless

Volume- 1

78

Answer of Crossword

Answer of Current Affairs Quotient

Answers

1. a 2. d 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. a

11. c 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. c 18. d 19. a 20. a

21. b 22. b 23. b 24. b 25. a 26. b 27. b 28. b 29. a 30. c

31. b 32. b 33. a 34. c 35. a 36. a 37. a 38. b 39. b 40. a

41. b 42. a 43. a 44. c 45. a 46. b 47. c 48. c 49. d 50. b

51. a 52. d 53. c 54. a 55. b 56. a 57. b 58. b 59. a 60. c

61. a 62. a 63. a 64. c 65. a 66. b 67. a 68. b 69. b 70. b

71. c 72. a 73. b 74. a 75. b 76. a 77. b 78. b 79. a 80. a

81. c 82. a 83. c 84. a 85. a 86. a 87. c 88. a 89. b 90. b

91. d 92. b 93. c 94. a 95. b 96. a 97. b 98. a 99. a 100. b

Volume- 1

79

Answer of Sample Question Paper - CLAT 2012

Answers

1. d 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. b 10. b

11. d 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. d 16. d 17. b 18. c 19. a 20. a

21. d 22. d 23. c 24. d 25. c 26. a 27. d 28. c 29. d 30. b

31. d 32. b 33. c 34. a 35. d 36. d 37. a 38. b 39. c 40. b

41. b 42. c 43. a 44. d 45. b 46. c 47. b 48. a 49. c 50. b

51. d 52. b 53. a 54. b 55. c 56. a 57. c 58. b 59. d 60. c

61. a 62. c 63. c 64. a 65. b 66. d 67. b 68. c 69. b 70. c

71. a 72. c 73. c 74. c 75. d 76. a 77. c 78. a 79. b 80. a

81. c 82. a 83. b 84. a 85. a 86. c 87. d 88. b 89. b 90. c

91. a 92. d 93. c 94. c 95. b 96. a 97. d 98. c 99. b 100. b

101. c 102. a 103. a 104. a 105. b 106. d 107. d 108. a 109. b 110. c

111. a 112. a 113. c 114. b 115. a 116. b 117. c 118. b 119. a 120. c

121. d 122. c 123. b 124. d 125. b 126. b 127. c 128. b 129. a 130. a

131. c 132. b 133. a 134. b 135. a 136. b 137. c 138. d 139. c 140. c

141. c 142. d 143. c 144. a 145. c 146. d 147. a 148. c 149. b 150. a

151. c 152. b 153. b 154. c 155. d 156. a 157. a 158. a 159. b 160. a

161. c 162. a 163. b 164. c 165. a 166. b 167. b 168. a 169. a 170. c

171. a 172. d 173. a 174. a 175. a 176. d 177. a 178. a 179. a 180. c

181. b 182. d 183. c 184. a 185. c 186. d 187. b 188. c 189. c 190. a

191. d 192. c 193. b 194. b 195. b 196. b 197. d 198. a 199. a 200. d

Answers1. 4 2. 1 3. 4 4. 2 5. 2

6. 2 7. 1 8. 1 9. 1 10. 4

11. 3 12. 4 13. 1 14. 1 15. 4

16. 4 17. 4 18. 2 19. 1 20. 1

21. 3 22. 3 23. 3 24. 2 25. 4

26. 1 27. 3 28. 2 29. 1 30. 1

31. 2 32. 4 33. 2 34. 1 35. 3

36. 1 37. 1 38. 4 39. 2 40. 4

Answer of GK Paper of the month