cargo clauses
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Marine Cargo Clausesin different countries
April 13, 2007
Svante O. Johansson
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Cargo Insurance in Context Sales contract
Passing of Risk Various options for the cargo owner
Contract of carriage Different modes
Different carriers Risk of loss
What Cargo?
What Carriage?
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The S.G. Policy form Annexed to the MIA 1906
Sanctioned by Members of Lloyds 1779 The antiquated document
Additional clauses to S.G. All risks
W.A. F.P.A
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The three sets of conditionsand three levels of cover Three sets
Marine Perils War Perils
Strike Perils
Three levels of cover
A-clauses All risks B-clauses Extended transport accidents
C-clauses Transport accidents
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Finnish legislation Finland
Insurance Act 1994
General contract for cargo insurance 2003
General Cargo conditions 2003
Basic cover
Extended cover
All risks
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Norwegian legislation Norway
Insurance Contract Act 1989
Norwegian Cargo Clauses (Cargo Plan) 1995 (version2004)
A-Clauses
B-Clauses
C-Clauses
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Swedish legislation Sweden
Insurance Contract Act 2006
Swedish Marine Insurance Plan 2006
Cargo conditions 2006
Basic cover
Extended cover
All risks
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Danish legislation Denmark
Insurance Contract Act 2006
Danish Marine Convention 1934
The first one already 1850
Danish conditions 1989
Restricted
Extended - All risks
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The structure of the clauses Perils covered
Exclusions Duration
Claims
Other provisions
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Named perils
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B
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B
B
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BB
DK
UBU3BTotal loss of package whilst laoding ordischarge
UBUBEntry of (sea) water into container
--UC/BJettisson /washing overboard
GLossGCGH-kostnad, rddnings- ochbrgningskostnader
UC2G1BEarthquake, volcanic eruption or lightning
GBUCDischarge of cargo at a port of distress
GCGCCollision or contact with external
U--COverturning or derailment of land conveyance
GCGCStranding and grounding, sunk or capsizedGCGCFire and explosion
SNSFUKCovered risks / Conditions
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Exclusions
Four categories
General exclusion Unseaworthiness and unfitness
War
Strikes
This counts for English clauses The Nordic countries have various patterns
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Excluded perils (apart from warand strike)
4.5
4.6
4.5
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4.4
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4.7
4.7
5.1
4.3
4.2
4.1/7
UK
3.2.6.13.2.5K63Indirect losses
3.4-518.53.2.44.6Delay
3.3-3.2.64.7Carriers insolvency
3.12343.2.1-Non maintenance of refrigeration
3.1118.13.2.14.2Inherent vice
2.56.23.1.9-Liability for damages
2.418.103.184.9Radioactivity
2.318.103.1.84.9Weapon of war duclear fission
13.1.2223.1.44.5-8Unseaworthiness or unfitness
13.1.1233.1.34.4Insufficiency or unsutability of packing
2.218.23.1.24.3Ordinary leakage, loss or wear and tear
2.1/
7.2
4-9
FAL3.1.14.1
Wilful missconduct of the Assured/Third
party damages
SNSFDKExclusion / Condition
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War and strikes exclusions
War cover
Inside or outside normal cover 1898 left outside if not agreed
Strike cover
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Duration of cover
The risk attaches
When the Transport starts It remains in force during ordinary transit and
Terminates Delivery to the consignee
At delivery to warehouse other than storage during transit
for allocation and distribution
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The risk attaches
Place of storage
Warehouse
Transport conveyance
Swedish and Norwegian
Finnish
Danish and
English
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When the risk terminates afterthe sea leg
Custom WarehouseDestination port
Transport to
Disposal or Distribution
Final warehouse
Warehouse atrequest
60 days
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Risk passes and warehouse-to-warehouse cover
Buyers insurance Ex works or fob terms and delay
Risk passes when?
No cover during the time the goods
are ready for the buyer and the timethe carrier takes care of them orloading them.
Norwegian clauses cover this 14.2
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Ex works and risk cover
Agreed delivery timeThe goods is ready
Risk passes
Buyers late
Time axis
Actual delivery
Cover attaches
No Cover