carnputational · 2010-06-14 · journal of computational linguistics m j ci 01--i cij,~ j. r,...
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Journal of Computational Linguistics M j c I 01--i C I J , ~ J. r,
. T , V E R OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUlSTICS
WE 12 - ~ ~ U M E E R 1 APRIL 1975
CONTENTS
E f l i t o r i a l Review: Experimental Procedure . . 2
Z n f o r m a t i o n R e t r i e v a l C o u r s e . . - . . . . . . 5
b&nguiskics Summer School . a . . . . . . . 6
Xhdexing Seminar . . , . . . . . . . 7
l & o ~ ~ m e n t Access System Proposed . - . . . . . 8
r e Bibliography . . . . * . . . . . . . 9
~ ~ e r s h i p D i r e c t o x y 1 9 1 3 4 . . . . . . . . . 13
m--JAPBNTravel Package . . . - . . . . 70
LOLAR B i b l i o g r a p h y on ARPA N e t w o r k . . . . . . 72
C JOURNAL QF COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS i s p u b 1 i s h e d C e n t e r for Applied L i n g u i _ s t i c s f o r t h e ~ s s o e i a t - i o n fo1-
~ h t i o n a l Linguistics.
Bt David G H a y s , Professor of L i n g u i s t i c s a n d of Sc ience , State U n i v e r s i t y of N e w Y o r k , Buffalo.
STAFF: Brian Phillips, Assistant; J a c q u i n B r e n d l e B%mry.
Z34.G EDITOR: A . H o o d Roberts, Deputy D i l r e c t o r , Center Xied Linguistics. T: Nancy Jokovich.
TON AND SUBSCRIPTION ADDRESS: 1611 N o r t h Kent St ree t , ~ t d o n , V i r g i n i a 22209 .
C o p y r i qh t 1 9 7 5
A s s o c i a t i o n f o r C o m p u t a t i ~ n a l L i n g u i s t i c s
American Journal of Carnputational Linguistics ~ i . 7+0 f i ~h C' 1 5 2
AN EXPERIMENT IN PROCEDURES F O R
E D I T O R I A L R E V I E N
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American Journal of Computational Linguistics M i ~~~~~1 C ~ O 5
,SHORT COURSE ON
A N D 3 Y N A M I C
R E T R I E V A L
L I B R A R Y P R O C E S S I N G
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
LECTIJRER Gerard Salton
TEXT D y n a m i c Information and L i b r a r y Processing
CONTENT New techniques for automatic index ing and document
c o n t e n t a n a l y s i s term classification, optimum
thesaurus construction, document classification and
f i l e organization, i n t e r a c t i v e search and r e t r i e v a l ,
f i l e growth and document retirement m e t h o d ~ l o q y ,
dynamic c o l l e c t i o n control
The text, by S a l t o n . is in press w=th Prentice ~ a l i .
DETAILS D i r e c t o r of Continuing Education
College of Engineering
Cornell g n i v e r s i t y
U p s o n Hall
I t h a c a , New York 1 4 8 5 3
6 0 7 - 2 5 6 - 5 0 8 8
American Journal of Computational Linguistics ~i c r o f i tho 1 5 : 6
THIRD INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL I N
POLYTECHNIC OF CENTRAL LONDON 35 Marylebone Road London NWl, 5LS
JULY 2 1 - AlJGUST 8, 19-15
A b a s i s f o r f u r t h e r a p p l i c a t i o n and research i n l anguage and l i n g u i s t i c s , open t o t e a c h e r s , t r a n s l a t ~ r s , b e g i n n e r s , and advanced s t u d e n t s . S o m e knowledge o f a t l e a s t one f o r e i g n language is d e s i r a b l e but n o t e s s e n t i a l . Beg inne r s and t h o s c w i t h s o m e p r e v i o u s knowledqe are s e p a r a t e d .
CONTENT P r i n c i p l e s phonology, grammar, and s e m a n t i c s ; a p p l i c a t i o n s i n t r a n s l a t i o n t e a c h i n g , r e m e d i a l work, and comnun i ra t ions .
Op t ions o f f e r e d i n l i t e r a r y t r a n s l a t i o n and translation t e c h - n i q u e ; d y s l e x i a ; t e a c h i n g a d u l t i . l l i t e ra tes ; l e x i c o g r a p h y ; compara t ive and h i s t o r i c a l l i n g u i s t i c s ; p h o n e t i c s . S u b j e c t t o e n r o l l m e n t , a l s o i n Ch inese , Basque, and Russ ian ( b e g i n n e r s )
ARRANGEMENTS S i n g l e s t u d y bedrooms a t the P o l y t e c h n i c are a v a i l a b l e t o e a r l y a p p l i c a n t s a t h 1 0 . 5 0 a week (531.50 f u r t h e c o u r s e ) .
P a r t i c i p a n t s w i l l have t h e use of t h e library of t h e School o f Modern Languages which i s p a r t i c u l a r l y w e l l - s t o c k e d with l i n - g u i s t i c s book9 and j o u r n a l s ,
The course c o n s i s t s of 4-5 h o u r s of l e c t u r e s and semina r s d a i l y Monday t o F r i d a y . Groups of p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h common i n t e r e s t s and requirementS a r e p roposed . Group work w i l l be supplemented by plenary s e s s i o n s .
STAFF A l e x Auswaks i s c o u r s e d i r e c t o r , L e c t u r e r s a r e m e m b e r s o f the PCL staff and graduate s k u d e n t s of the PCL Post-Graduate D i p l o m a i n L i n g u i s t i c s .
American Journal of Computationd Linguistics M i c r o f i C ~ C 1 5 7
June 5 - 7 , 1975
organized b y ~ a k i o n a l Federation of A b s t r a c t i n g & Indexing S e r v i c e s - 3 4 0 1 Market Street - P h i l a d e l p h i a
L o c a ti on
Lecturers
American D e n t a l ~ s s o c i a t i o n
211 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago
E . H. B renne r , American Pe t ro l eum I n s t i t u t e
Ann Schabas , U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o
Tefko Saracevic , C a s e Western Reserve u n i v e r s i t y
Martha E. W i l l i a m s , U n i v e r s i t y of I l l i n o i s
Toni Carbo Bearman, n f a i s
Vocabularies-
Systems and formats
~ffects on retrieval
Index ing developments of tfie p a s t twen ty y e a r s i n r e l a t i o n t o
- t h e en t i r e f i e l d of i n f o r m a t i o n and l i b r a r y s c i e n c e ; case his-
tories. An i n t r o d u c t i o n for b e g i n n e r s and a p e r s p e c t i v e re-
view for t h e m o r e advanced. ~ k a s s i f i c a t j L o n , i n d e x i n e , s u b j e c t
h e a d i n g s , t e r m s , descriptors; c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes, l i s t s of
s u b j e c t h e a d i n g s , t h e s a u r i ; effect of t h e computer ; serial and
i n v e r t e d f i l e s ; s u b j e c t and coordinate indexing.
F e e $125, iacluding a special kit in preparation.
American Journal of Camputationai Linguistics M I k r of i chc 1 5 8
NFAIS ADOPTS A PLAN FOR A SYSTEM OF
D O C U M E N T A C C E S S
Anyone would be able t o g e t copy of ariy j ou rna l article,
c o n f e r e n c e p a p e r , d i s s e r t a t i o n , r e p o r t , map, book, or o t h e r
document c i t e d i n t h e index ing o r a b s t r a c t i n g p u b l i c a t i o n of
any member of n f a i s , i f the N a t i o n a l Cdrnrnission on L i b r a r i e s
and I n f o r m a t i o n S c i e n c e i n c l u d e s i n i t s program a p l a n approved
by the n f a i s board o f d i r e c t o r s on March 2 , f o l l o w i n g a two
year s t u a y .
Member s e r v i c e s would f u r n i s h c o p i e s o f t h e documents t h e y
c i t e t o s e l e c t e d r e s e a r c h l i b r a r i e s , Customers would pay f o r
c o p i e s , t a k i n g care o f t h e l i b r a r i e s and c o p y r i g h t h o l d e r s
alike. The p l a h i s f o r t h e government t o pay development and
management c o s t s f o r t h e system.
A copy o f t h e p o s i t i o n pape r d e s c r i b i n g t h e p l a n can be o b t a i n e d
from t h e N a t i o n a l F e d e r a t i o n of Indexing and A b s t r a c t i n g
Services, 3 4 0 1 Marke t Strreet, P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pennsylvania 1 9 1 0 4 .
Caro lyn Ga t sof f ~ a t i o n a l Tecf1n i~~3 .1 Xfifer mation S C P ~ V ~ . C ; ; . C Springfield, VA.
Repor t No. h l ~ l S / P S - 7 5 / 0 3 2 / 3 G A PC $25, M F $ 3 3 1 9 6 4 - Oct. 1,974
The bibliography con tams 108 sclcctod abstracts o.f f e d e r a l l y funded research reports c o n c e r n i n g computat ional linguistics. Some of t h e appljcatxons axe in the fields of n a t u r a l lang'uage a n a l y s i s and information r e t r i e v a l .
Mf 15 : 9 P h o n e t i c s : Recoynitlon
Wayne A . Lea Sper fy UiNIVAC Defense Sys t ems D i v i s i o n S t P a u l , Minnesota
R e p o r t -No. PX - 1 1 0 8 7 , October 1 9 7 4 .
Prosodic features detect b o u n d a r i es between pl i rascs ; stressed s y l l a b l e s are located w i t h i n each p h r a s e , a n d a n a l - ia lysis i s done w l t h i n s t r e s s e d syllables. Listeners p e r c e p t i o n s of stressed syl- lables corresponded to locations of stressed syllables o b t a i n e d from prosodic %a'tures. Results +bowed that au toma t i c phone ca te - c ~ s r i z a t i o n i s much more accurate in stressed syllables. Stressed vowels t e n d e d to be e q u a l l y spaced i n t i m e , b u t the nunher of mter- Vening u n s t r e s s e d syllables had a more pro~iirrfi~nf ef fec t 'cn intet- stress i n t e r v a l t h a n expected. Prosodic features appear. t o be u s e - f u l f o r providing cues t o s e n t e n c e type, syntactic b r a c k e t i n 3 occur- rwces of coord ina t ion and subord i r la t iop , and s p e c l f i c sernantlc s t r u c t u r e s .
The B e l l S y s t e m T c c h n l e a l J ~ u r n a l , 5 4 / 3 , 4 8 5 - 5 0 6 . M a r c 1 J 3 7 5
Describing a computer model of t h e human vocal cords and Vocal t r a c t t h a t i s amenable t o dynamic c o n t r o l by parameters d i r e c t l y i d e n t i f i e d i n human p h y s i o l o g y . The c o n t r o l f o r m a t p r o v i d e s an efficient , pars imar i ious d e s c r i p t i o n of speech i n f o r m a t i o n . C o n t r o l p a r a m e t e r s r e p r e s e n t s u u g l o t t a l l u n g pressure, v o c a l - c o r d tension and rest o p e n i n g , v o c a l - t r a c t shape, and nasal c o u p l i n g . Vowel- consonant-vowel s y l l a b l e s are synthesi zed usirly these nqmts t o demonstrate t h e dynamic b e h a v i o r of t h e c o r d / t r a c t model. I n h e r e n t p r o p e r t i e s of the model d u p l i c a t e phenomen'a o b ~ e r v e d i n human s p e e c h ; i n p a r t i c u l a r , c o r d / t r a c t acoustic i n t e r a c t i o n , cord v i b r a t ~ o n , and t r a c t - w a l l r a d i a t i - o n d u r i n g o c c l u s i o n , and v o i c i n g onsct-offset be- h a v i o r . An approach t o d e r i v e t h e p ' h y 9 ~ o l o g i c a l c o n t c o l s a u t o m a t i c - a l l y from the p r i n t e d t e x t i s d e s c r i b e d , and s e n t e n c e - l e n g t h syn- t h e s i s obtained from a p r e l i m i n a r y s y s t e m i s p r e s e n t e d
~ e x i c o q r a p h y : Concordance
LONCORDANCES IN THE SEVENTIES
W. Ingrafn u n i v e r s i t y o f M l c h l q a n Ann Arbor
The computes h a s e l i m i n a w d much of t h e d r u d g e r y of compll- x n g a cdncordance . Ilowever, t h e r e i s often a l a c k of e f f o r t i n p o s t - e d i t i n g t h e computer o u t p u t b for example, I n d e a l l n g w l t h homographs, e p l t h e l s , non-standard s p e l l i n g s .
D a v ~ d G . Hays State U n i v e r s i t y of New York B u f f a l o
E n c y c l o p e d i a of C o m p u t e r Sci'eoce a n d s . T c c h n o l o g y , e d i t e d b y J a c k B e l z e r , Albert G. H o l z m a n , a n d A l l e n K e n t . Marcel Q c k k e r , Inc. N e w York, In p r e s s . Manuscript A u g u s t 1 9 7 4 .
O r i g i n s : traditional. Form: A finite set of; class symbols and a mapping of a f i n i t e o r i n f i n i t e s e t of s t r i n g s o n t o the s c t of c lass symbols; r u l e s . w i t h f e a t u r e s , a r u l e i s a f e a t u r e p a i r ; some features appear i n ruses as dependent features, some do not. Algorithms: pushdown generator, three p a r s e r s : P o l i s h prefix no- tation, single parse, all p o s s i b l e . The s e c o n d u se s precedence, t he t h i r d uses a wanted list. Weak e q u i v a l e n c e with constituency. Natural choice of gove rno r s i n phrase-structure grammars. Trans- formation: e. g. , pass ive is "Agent (Noun) ; F I R S T " . Dependency grammar f p r p r e d i c a t e logic; f o r a programming l anguage . " I n programming as in logic, grammar and quantification have d i f f e r e n t structures. 'I
Noriko Urneda and Ryunep Teranishi Be11 Laboratories Kyushu Institute of D e s l g n Murray Hill, New Jersey Fukubka, Japan
I E C E T r a n s a c r i ons on A c o u s t i c s , S p e c c h , a n d S i g n a l S r a e c s s i n g , ? i S S P - ? 3 / 2 , 1 8 3 - / 8 8 , A p r i l 1 9 7 5
The parser hqnd le s u n i q u e problems for a speech production system, especially of phrase-structure analysis I n regard to stress and pause assignments. The parsing program- consists of a diction- a r y of about 2 5 0 0 most f r e q u e n t l y used words, a s imple s y n t a c t i c a n a l y z e r and a breath-group.delimiter. The s y n t a c t i c analyzer, w i t h t h e assistance of i n f o m a t i o n skored in t h e dictionary, d r v i d e s the s e n t e n c e i n t o phrases, and* assigns pause markers at major syn- tactic boundaries; the breath-group delimiter decides actual pauses and s e n t e n c e - s t r e s s . The output of the parsing program c o n s i s t s of a sequence of phonemes w l t h stress marks and of phrase termination maxks, These letters and marks aTe kransforhe6 into vocal tract shapes, duration, anti pitch signals in the s u b s e q u e n t p a r t of the synthesis system. The parsing program, written in the PL/I languaqe, consists of about 1 9 0 0 statements.
A l l a n M. Colllns, and E l e a n o r H . Waknock Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc;. Cambrldgo, Massachusetts
R e p o r t Nb. B B N - 2 8 3 3 , M a y 1 9 7 4
The w o ~ k on s e m a n t i c networks i nvo lves t h r e e d i s t i n c t areas: i n f e r e n c e s , map d i s p l a y s , and E n g l i s h com~rehension. I n f e r e n c e s t r a t e g i e s implemented i n SCHOLAR ific1u.de different types of de- ductivg, nega t ive , and f u n c t i o n a l i n f e r e n c e s . The, g r a p h i c s pack- age allows users t o a s k q a e s t i o n s and g ive commands in English to c o n t r ~ l SCHOLAR'S map display, which is tied i n t o t h e s e m a n t i c n e t - work on S o u t h American geography . With partial support from this c o n t r a c t , we a l s o developed a n English Comprehension Sys tem, u t i l - i z i n g a d a t a base on t h e ARPA n e t w o r k , Unlike geography , most questions about t h e ARPA network pertain t o a c t i o n s and p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v i n g c o m p l i c a t e d E n g l i s h sentence s * t r u c t u r e , n e c c s s i k a t i n y s o p h i s t i c a t e d p a r s i n g and r e t r i e v a l s t r a t e g i e s .
Mf 15 :' 12 Semantics - Discourse
SOLAR (A, SEMANTICALLY ' O R I E N T E D LEXICAL ARCH I VE) : C U R R E N T STATUS AND PLANS
T . D i l l e r , and J. Qlney S y s t e m Development Corporatxon S a n t a Monlca, Californza
C o r n p u t c r s 1 n t h e I I ' u m a n i t a e s 8 , 5 - G , 3 2 3 - 3 1 9 . S c p t - Nov. 1 3 7 4
SOLAR is d e s i g n e d to p e r q i t a xcscarcher to access a broad range of semantic data keyed to i n d i v i d u a l words. There are seven logleal fiies: (1) semantic analysis; (2) e x p l a n a t o r y notes f o r t3?e d e s c r i p t i v e constants used sn the semantic a n a l y s i s ; ( 3 ) con- c e p t u a l a n a l y s r s of t h e ,notions i n v h v e d by t h e descriptive con- s t a n t s ; ( 4 ) c o l l o c a t i o n a l features correlated with particular word senses; (5) semantlc files; (6) d e f i n i t i o n a l expansions; ( 7 ) c o n - teqt of occurrence .
Semantics --- : Comprehcnsi~n --
Bertram C . Bruce B o l t Beraneck and Newan I n c Cambridge, Mass.
Report No. 2973, Bolt Beranek and Newrnan I n c . J a n u a r y 1 9 7 5
Knowledge a b o u t i n t e n t i o n a l lows u s t o recognize the dis- t i n c t i o n between requests and orders, promises and t h r ea t s , o r l i e s and in£ ormings . To recognize i n t e n t i o m i n behav io r , speech o r o t h e r w i s e , r equ i res , a model of the beliefs of o t h e r s , how ac- t i o n s fit together i n t o la rger u n i t s , and haw aspects of an action are de te rmi~~ed by i n t e n t l c n s and beliefs. A t h e c a y of personal Causa t ion ha,; primitives t o describe the soc ia l aspec t of an ac- t i o n . I t d e f i n e s "Social ac t ion paradigms" (SAP'S) i n terms of social actions. The SAP'S provide a structure f a r e p i s o d e s analogous t o t h e s t r u c t u r e a grammar provides for sentences.
Roger C. Schank Yale University
In: The Nature of H u m a n Memory, e d i t e d by C. Cofer a n d H. . 4 t k i n s c i n . W. H . Freeman Co. , 1x1 p r e s s . M a n u s c r i p t F e ~ ~ r u a r y 1 9 7 5 )
Woods, Winograd, Simrnons, and o t h e r s b u i l d sernantlC routines t o o p e r a t e on parser o u t p u t . Schank, Wilks, and Riesbeck b u l l 6 semantic processors that call parsers only on fallure. All t h e s e a u t h o r s r e c o g n i z e t h a t l i n g u i s t i c processing is Inseparable from memory. Unders tand ing i s t h e a t t achmen t o r what is expliclt in a text to what is already known. I n f e r e n c e s are what i s likely t o be t r u e about a n i n p u t but not necessarily so. Conceptual depend- ency is a memory model w i t h 11 pr imi t ive a c t s and 4 kinds of c a u s a l l i n k s . Memory i s a morass of episodies, linked i n t i m e and s p a c e , access ible by t h e concepts t h a t - m a k e them up. Inferences are g e n e r a l i z e d episodes, cal led scripts: p l a n s t f i a t h a v e been used a l o t .
David G . Hays S ta te U n i v e r s i t y of New York B u f f a l o
E p c y c l o p e d l a of L i b r a r y a n d I n f o r m a P ~ o n S c i e n c e , e d i t e d by A 2 l e n Kent a n d H a r o l d L a n c o u r . Marcel b e k k e r ,I Inc. , N e w Y o r k . I n ~ r e s s . M a n u s c r z p t F e b x u a x y 19 7 5 .
Network s torage t e n d s t o o b v i a t e c a l c u l a t i o n , b u t a h y b r i d s y s t e m adds an e x t e r n a l p r o c e s s o r which can s e e t h e network in broad p e r - s p e c t i v e . An a c t i v e network h a s a p r o c e s s o r a t each n o d e ; an ex- ternal process sets initial and terminal c o n d i t i o n s . I n h e r i t a n c e i s a g l o b a l process, communicated on paradigmat ic l i n k s ; i n d i r e c t add res s ing u s e s them inversely. ~ e p r e s e n t a t i o n i s t h e r e l a t i o n between a single m a e and a subnetwork, e . g . a d e f i n r t l o n . P r l m i - t i v e nodes a r e defined e x t e r n a l l y ; n o n p r i m i t i v e s are c o n s t r u c t e d , e . g . a form h a s color and shape . P lacement l i n k s o b j e c t , position, and moment. The mind consists of LTM, STM . CPU; t h e CPU forms an i d e a i n STM t h a t c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e c o n t e n t of t h e s e n s e organs and LTM e tc . Desires s t i m u l a t e tohe CPU t o link ideas with purpose a rcs . C a u s a l i t y l i n k s systems w i t h o u t specifying mechanisms of interaction. Applications in r n f o r m a t i o n Let r ieva l and r o b o t i c s . References: LNR Research Group, Schank.
L i n g u i s t i c s : His to r ica l
Rudolf Hirschmann University of i ou the rn C a l i f o r n i a
Computers ~n t h e H u m a n l t l e s 8 , 5 - 6 , 2 7 9 - 2 8 4 S e p t - J iov . 1 9 7 4 .
The t o p i c s covered are: (1) C o n f e r e n c e s and p u b l i s h e d re- s e a r c h ; ( 2 ) Clearinghouses i (3) Pro jects i i s t e d w i t h c l e a r i n g - houses . A b i b l i o c r a p h y of 5 0 e n t r i e s i s g i v e n .
Computation -- : Znfcrcncc
R . C. S s h a n k , and C. J. K i c y c r , TI1 S t a n f o r d University [ N o w : Yale ( R C S ) , U-. of Maryland (CJR) ]
A r t i f i c i a l I n t t ! l , l i g . c n c e 5 , 4 , 37 '3 -422. 2 9 7 . 4
The n o t i o n of computer u n d e r s t a n d i n g of natural l a n g u a g e is examined, relative t o i n f e r e n c e m e ~ h a n l s ~ s d c ~ i gncd t o f u n c t i o n In a language f ree conceptual base ( C o n c e p t u a l Dependency) . ?'he conceptual analysis or a n a t u r a l l anguage s e n t e n c e i n t o t h i s con- c e p t u a l base and the n a t u r e o f the memory whlch stores and . oper- ates upon these c o n c e p t u a l s t r u c t u r e s a re d c s c x i h e d both from theore t i ca l a n d practical standpoints. The vaxrous t ypes of I n - ferences which c a n be made d u r l n g and a f t e r t h e conceptual a n a l - ysis of a s e n t e n c e a r e d e f i n e d .
T r a n s l a t i o n
OPTIMIZATION OF SYSTRAN SYSTEM
Peter P. Toma, Ludek A. K o z l i k and Dona ld G . P e r w l n L a t s e c I n c . La Jolla, C a l i f o r n i a
Report No. RkDC-TR-73-255-red. M a y 1 9 7 4 .
A 12-month e f f o r t aimed a t lrnproving t h e o u t p u t of t h e sPSTRAN System f o r machine t r a n s l a t i o n of R u s s i a n scientific and t e c h n i c a l l i t e r a t u r e i n t o E n g l i s h , b a s e d upon a n a l y s i s of a l a r g e amount of SYSTRAN-translated Russian text. Areas of o u t p u t - l a n g u a g e c o n - s t r u c t i o n i n c l u d e (1) transfer grammar p r o b l e m s , i.e.; grammatical c o n v e r s i o n of R u s s i a n Adnominal g e n i t i v e constructions, d e v e r b a t i v e noun c o n s t r u c t i o n s and v o i c e , number c o n v e r s i o n , a n d ( 2 ) svnthesis p r o b l e m s , i . e . , E n g l i s h e q u i v a l e n t suppression, article i n s e r t i o n , d i s a m b i g u a t ~ o n of dash and o t h e r s . I n p u t l a n g u a g e a n a l y s i s for purposes of structural d i s a m b i g u a t i o n i n c l ~ c l e s syn t ax and word classes, i.e., 'measure parameters and m e a s u r a b l e s ' , s u b j e c t / p r e d - i c a t e c o r r e l a t i o n s , s t r o n g and weak a d n o m i n a l g e n i t l v e government .
SOME PROBLEM2 I N GERMAN TO ENGL-ISI~ M A C H I N E TRANSLATION
G r e t c h e n Purkhis~r Hrown Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e oJ !tlcchnul-oyy Cambridge
R e p o x t No. M A C - 1 ' R - 2 4 2 . Ilr>ccmber 1 9 7 4
The paper discusses some pxoblcms i n t h c machine t r a n s l a t i o n of n a t u r a l l anguage , i n p a r t i c u l a r , for t r a n s l a t i o n of German i n t o Engllsh. An irnplementafion of some p a r t s of t h e t r a n s l a t i n g pro- cess has been b u i l t . The sys tem c o n s i s t s of a Gcrnan interpretive grammar, to t ake in German t e x t and o u t p u t a s c t of semant ic repre- s e n t a t i o n s , and a g e n e r a t o r , to produce English scntcnces from s i n g l e semantlc r ep resen ta t ions . Special a t t c r t i o n i-s p a i d t o q u e s t i o n s of semantic r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n a m u l t i - l a n g u a g e s e t t i n g and t o stylistic issues in English generation. [AD/A-003 0 0 2 / 3 C A PC $7/W S2. ,25 ]
Translation
Roy Lachman and Janet Mis t l e r -Lachman Unlversitp of IIouston
Progress in niaclilne t r ' a n s l a t i o n ncay f i r s t reqllj re undcy- s t a n d i n g t h e psy~l io lor r ica l tlasl: o f b i lingual C O I T I ~ C tcnc-c:. T h e outco~!le of r c s t ~ a r c h cjn h i 1 i r i c~u ; l l pc:n crnrancc 1:; ri-~ tl r m i i ! l z ~ d I r, a process model of l anguar jc and r:lemary. 13 i l i nnucAl : : who 11:71d I i x 5 -
t o m e s of abrupt transitions be tween cxcl-usl r re U S L of tliebrl~otller t o n g u e and t h e adopted language p e r m i t t e d c l e a r answers t o s e v e r a l q u e s t i o n s : over 1 5 years of continuous u s of a n a d o p t e 8 4 a n g u a g e may be r e q u i r e d for it to become domindn t . The s ~ x t c h l n q 6f l a n - guages in a p i c t u r e - n a m n g t a s k permittea infererices a s to the r o l e of. a lexical s y s t e m and i t s c o n c e ~ t u a l or rriranlng substrate. The two systems are a t l e a s t partially i n d e p e n d e n t . Gernan and E n g l i s h appear to be comparable in c o d a b l l i t y .
David G . Hays S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y of N c w York Buffalo
P r o c e e d i n g s of t h e 19 7 4 P ~ s a Summer School ~n Computational L l n g u l s - t i c s , e d i t e d by A n t o n i o Zampolli; t o a p p e a r . M a n u s c z i p . 1 : A p r ~ l 3 9 7 5 .
The speaker -hearer conslsts of a t hough t - speech conve r t e r o r p a i r of them; a s t o r e o f knowledge; an e x p l i c a t o r ; and a b a t t e r y of phy- s i c a l a p p e t i t e s , i n c l u d i n g one f o r human association. The s to re i s a cognitive ne twork- (Norman , R u m e l h a r t , ~ i n d s a y ; S c h a n k ) . The ex- p l i c a t o r and c o n v e r t e r have the same 'form, but have d i f f e x e n t l n p u t and o u t p u t c o n n e c t i o n s . The s t o r e consists of p r o p e r t y , e n t i t y , e v e n t , and p l a n (causal) nodes, some defiried by s e n s o r i m o t o r sche - mata (Powers) . They va ry i n o rde r (Powers) ; channe-1, scope (e . .g. s i z e ) , and f requency ( J u l e s z ) . They a r e linked paradigmatlcally and syntagmatically. E p i s o d i c memory i -s a c o l l e c t i o n of m o d a l i t y nodes, each r e p r e s e n t i n g a s y n t a g r n a t i c nexwork . T h e e x p l ~ c a t o r relates groups of e p i s o d e s , forming more abstract episodes, whish are r e p r e s e n t e d by nodes i n t h e original s t o r e . The linguistic network has t h e same form as t h e stoxe; its nodes are both con ten t and grammar. The c o n v e r t e r i s the e x p l i c a t o r u n d e r a n o t h e r name.
Mf 15 : 13 S o c i o - B e h a v i o r a l S c i e n c e : Psythology
I N A MODEL OF PARANOIA
B i l l F a u q h t , Kenneth Mark C o l b y , and Roger Parkison Department of Computer Sc ience Stanford U n i v e r s i t y
Report Nos . Stan-CS-74-471, A I M - 2 5 3 . D c c c m h t 3 r 1 3 7 4 .
The a n a l y s l s of natural l a n o u a g e lnput i n t o its underlying s e m a n t i c c o n t e n t is but one of the t a s k s necessary for a s y s t e m (human o r non-human) t o use n a t u r a l l a n g u a g e . R,espondlno to n a t u r a l language i n p u t requires performing a number of tasks (1) deriving f a c t s a b o u t t h e i n p u t and the s i t u a t i o n in whim1 lt was spoken; (2) a t t e n d i n g to t h e system s n e e d s , desires, and i n - t e r e s t s ; ( 3 ) choosing- intentions t o f u l f i l l these interests; (4) d e r l s l n g and executing a c t i o n s from these intentions. The ' a u t h o r s d e s c r i b e a series of p r o c e s s e s i n a model of paranc ia which per- forms t h e s e t a s k s . The a u t h o r s a l s o descr ibe t h e m o d i f i c a t ~ o n s made by t h e p a r a n o i d processes t o the normal processes. A computer program has been c o n s t r u c t e d t o test this t h e o r y .
Ilumnnj t i e s : n n a l y ~ i n . -
P r c d J. Damdrau XBM T J. Watson Hcscarch C e n t e r Yorkt3wn H e i y h t s , N . Y e
R e p o r t No. RC 5 2 3 9 J a n u a r y 2 8 , 1 9 9 5
The a i s t r i b u t i o n s of words whose t e x t frequencies were g r e a t e r than f i v e times i n t e n thousand were t e s t e d to deter- mine which of them m i g h t be s a i d t o have bcen g e n e r a t e d k)y an u n d e r l y i n g P o i s s o n process. For f i v e diffescnt samples from well-known n o v e l s , oRly very few words have this p r o p e r t y over a l l . Such words, relatively i n d e p e n d e n t of cant-ent to be ex- pressed, would r e f l e c t " m i n o r encoding h a b i t s " ( P a i s l e y ) , b u t i f t h e s t a t m of each word h a s to be checked f o r e a c h author, then the search for indicators of s t y l e and n u t h o r s h l p must h e p u r s u e d elsewhere.
American Journal of Computational Linguistics M i c r o f i ch I s : 1 9
M E M B E R S H I P D I R E C T O R Y 1 9 7 4
A list of p e r s o n s be long ing t o t h e Assoc ia t ion f o r Computa t ional
L i n g u i s t i c s . Specialized i n t e r e s t s are listed f o r t h o s e who re-
turned d i r e c t o r y cards e a r l y i n 1975; t h e e x a c t t e x t s u p p l i e d by
t h e member is copied here.
A s u b j e c t index i s p r i n t e d on cards.
ABERNATHY, Robert , Professor of S l a v i c Languages, U n i v e r s i t y of
Colorado, Boulder 80302.
ABORN, Murray, Division of Social Sciences, National S c i e n c e
~ o u n d a t i o n , wash ing ton , D. C . 20550
ADEY, F. C. Honorary L i b r a r i a n , T h e B r i t i s h Computer Society,
Leicester c o l l e g e of Technology and Commerce, The Newarke , Leicester, ENGLAND
ADLER, Jane E. 33036 Tra fa lgar Lane, F D ~ . 1 0 , Westland, Michigan
48185
AGRESTI, H e n r i , Department of Linguistics, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r -
n i a , San Diego, L a Jolla 9 2 0 3 7 .
ALI, Latif H. Department of European Languages, College of A r t s ,
Un ive rs i ty of Baghdad, Baghdad, IRAQ
ALLEMAN, John C. 377 Nor th k'irst Wcst St., S a l t Lakc City, Utah
8 4 1 0 3
ALLEN, J o n a t h a n : ~ M. I. T. , R o o m 36-581, Cambridge, Massachusctt$
02139
ALT, F r a n z , American I n s t i t u t e of P h y s i c s , 335 East 45 th Stree
New York, 10017
AMICO, Anthony, Department of Computer S c i e n c e , Merrimack C o l l e g e ,
Nortl Andover, ~ a s s a c h u s e t t s 01-845
A M S L ~ R , Rober t A . Department of Computer S c i e n c e s , U n i v e r s i t y of
Texas, A u s t i n 78712. Computat ional l e x i c o l o q y ; compu ta t i ona l
s e m a n t i c s ; artificial i n t e l l i g e n c e .
ANDERSON, Don D . , 326 Rue S a i n t J a c q u e s , 75005 Paris, ERANCE
ANDERSON, Jean W. 1 3 0 4 Mishishin T r . , Madison, Wisconsin 53716
ANDERSON, R. 0. 1G Willow Walk, Cambridge CB1-lLA, ENGLAND
WKWRIGHT, Thomas D . Module de l e t t r e s francaises , , U n i v e r s i t e du
Quebec, Ch icou t imi , Quebec, CANADA
BACON, C h a r l e s 13. T. 1 0 7 1 7 Burbank Dr ive , Potomac, Maryland 20854
BADBE, Naglb A. IBM T. J. Watson Research C e n t e r , P . O . Box 2 1 8 ,
Yorktown I3e ights, New York 1 0 5 9 8
George W . 5O West Kellogy B l v d . , S t . P a u l , Minnesota 55102
BALASHOV, V i c t o r A. Department of Languages and L i t e r a t u r e ,
Bennlngton C o l l e g e , Bennlngton, Vermont 05201
BALMA, P h i l l i p J. M c G r a w - H i l l , D e l Monte Research P a r k , Monterey
C a l i f o r n i a 9 3 9 4 0
BARANOFSKY, Sharon. 359 Oxford, P a l o A l t a , C a l i f o r n i a 94306
BAR-HILLEL, Yehoshua. P r o f e s s o r 0f Phi losophy , ~ e b r e w u n i v e r s i t y ,
Je rusa lem, ISRAEL
BARKMAN, Bruce. C l i n i c a l ~ a b o r a t o r i e s , Cen t r e H o s p i t a l i e r ~ n i v e r -
s i t a i r e de Sherbrooke , 189 Howard S t r e e t , Sherbrooke , Quebec
CANADA. Automatic Coding of Medical S t a t e m e n t s , Diztionary
C o n s t r u c t i o n , Morphosyntax and ~ o r p h o s e m a h t i c s
BARNES Mervin R. Department of Modern Languages, TJnivers i ty o f
Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73069
BARNES, R. F. Department of Phi losophy, Lehlgh u n i v e r s i t y ,
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
BARNEY, John R. 1 0 1 Cur l Drive, A p t . 8 4 3 , Co~umbus, Ohio 4321C
BARONE, ~ o s e p h M. Department of Sc i ence & Humanit ies Educcition,
Graduate School of Educa t ion , 10 Ssminary P l ace New Brunswiok
N e w Jersey 08903
BARYZA, Gregory A. 10327 W. Outer Dr ive , D e t r o i t , Michigan 4 8 2 2 3
BASSMAN, M i t c h e l l J . Department o f Computer S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y
of North C a r o l i n a , Chapel ill, 2 7 5 1 4
BATES, J an . S u d e t e n s t r a s s e 1 2 , D-7400 Tubingen, GERMANY
BATES, Madeleine. B o l t Beranek and Newman I n c . , 50 Moulton Street
Cambridge Massachuse t t s 02138 A r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e
s y n t a c t i c support f o r speech unde r s t and ing
BATORI, I. DP ~ a s i c Research, IBM Deutschland, P , O . Box 2 6 6 ,
70 32 S i r ~ d e l f ingen GERMANY
BAUER, ~ r i c W. B i smarcks t r a s se 1, D-852 E t l angen , GERMANY
BAXTER, S . D . N a t i o n a l Research Counc i l , Computation C e n t r e ,
O t t a w a 2 , Ontar l o , CANADA
BECKLES, David. 10 S t o n e S t r e e t , Po r t -o f -Spa in , T r i n i d a d , WDST
BELL, R. T 2121 Watson Avenue, S t . P a u l , Minnesota 55116
BELMoRE, Nancy F. S t u r e g . 8 , B 2 3 Uppsa la , SWEDEN
BELTRAPJ, S e r q i o F, F~onomia 11, Mexico 20, D 1 . F , , MEXICO
BENGUEFIEL, Andre-Pier re . Divisioii of Audiology and Speech S c i e n c e s
U n i v e r s i t y of British CoJumbia, Vancouver, V6T 1W5, CANADA
BENSON, David B. Computer S c i e n c e Depar tment , Washington S t a t e
U n i v e r s i t y , Pul lman, 99163 . Formal l anguage t h e o r y ; program-
ming l anguages f o r A 1 r e s e a r c h ; n a t u r a l l anguage query sys t ems .
BERKELEY, Edmund C . E d i t o r , Computers and Automat ion, 815
washington S t r e e t , N e w t o n v i l l e , lMassachuse t t s 0 2 1 6 0
BERSON, Thomas A. C,omputer S c i e n c e L a b o r a t o r y , Queen Mary Col l fege ,
M i l e End Road, London E. 1 ENGLAND
B L A I R , Chauqcey J. 12415 Seabury Lane, B o w i e , ~ a r y f a n d 20715
BLANTON, Mackie J. V . Humani t ies Depar tment , I l l i n o i s I n s t i t u t e
3f ' i 'echnology, Chicago , I l l i n o i s 60616
L w , Wil l iam J. Department o f Appl ied P h y s i c s and Informa t i o n
S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , San Dlego. L a J o l l a ,
C a l i f o r n i a 92037
BLUM, Eugene. 4 S.eagul l Lane, P o r t Washington, N e t r York 11050
BOAS, Hans U l r i c h . Seminar for E n g l i s c h e P h i l o l o g i e , 34 G o t t i n g e n ,
~ i k o l a u s b e r g e r hleg 1 5 , WEST GERMANY
BOBROW, D a n i e l G . Xerox P a r k , 3180 Porter Drive, P a l o A l t o ,
California 9 4 3 0 4
BORDIE, John G . Box 8152, A u s t i n , Texas 78712
BORXOWSXI, Casimir. Hampton H a l l , P i t t s b u r d P e n n s y l v a n i a 15213
~OURQUIN, GUY. 1 7 Rue des Damcs Ck~anoinesscs , ~ o u x i c r e s 54
champigneu l les , FR.ZiNCE
BOWIE, George F . Box 49, E l i z a b e t h C i t y S t a t e university,
E l i z a b e t h C i t y , North ~ a z o l i n a 27909
BOWLES, Philip D. Trevecca Nazarene College, ~ashville, Tennessee
37210
BRACHMAN,.Ronald J. Bolt Beranek and Newman Ine., 50 ~ o u l t ~ n S t .
Cambridge, Massachuse t t s 02138. N a t u r a l language s eman t i c s ;
r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f knowledge: a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e
BMNDT, B. R e Soxen. Vester Sogade 16 7 TH. DK-1601, Kobenhavn V
DSNMARK
BREMER, Patricia B e 7711 W. 80 th Street, Playa de1 Rey,
Ca l i fo rn ia 90291
BRISSr E. A. 9 0 7 V a r s i t y Avenue, Columbus, Ohia 4 3 2 2 1
BRISTOL, Edgar H . , 11. Research Department , The FOxbofo Company,
6 Maple Place, Foxboro, Massachuse t t s 0 2 0 3 5 , P r o c e s s c o n t r o l
software; adaptive c o n t r o l systems; m u l t i v a r i a b l e c o n t r o l
systems a n q l y s i s
BROMS, ~ e n r i . ~ i b r a r y of t h e Scientific S o c i e t i e s , Snel lmaninkatu
2-11, H e l s i n k i , FINLAND
BROOKS, ~ r e d e r i c k P Jr. Department of Computer Science, New
West H a l l , . u n i v e r s i t y of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27514
BROSS, ~ o h n S. Department of Modern Languages, Wilmington Col lege
Wilrnington, Ohio 45177
BROWN, Geof f r e y , Department of Compute r Sc i ence , Rutgers U n i v e r s i t y
New Brunswick, N e w J e r s e y 0 8 9 0 3
2 4
BROWN, John S c e l y . I n f o r m a t i o n and Computer Science Department,
U n i v e r s i t y of ~ a l i f o x n i a , l r v i n e 9 2 6 6 4
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n a t u r a l language unde r s t and ing ; p r a g m a t i c s .
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l a t i o n ; machine-aided t r a n s l a t i o n .
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9 3 0 6 3
BURKART, Edward I. 2 9 2 2 3 4 t h S t r e e t , N . W . , Washington D.C. 20008
BURTON, R ichard R. Bolt, Beranek and N e w m a n , 50 Moulton S t r e e t ,
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BUTCHERI C l i f t o n H, S t e w a r d T o w e r s 7 0 5 , 2 0 0 Font Mcade Road,
L a u r e l , Maryland 20810
BUTTELPWNN, H . W . Department of Computer and Inf~rmatioh S c ~ e n c e
Ohio State.University, Columbus 43210
CAHILL, Thomas P . (Research, , Chase Manhattan Bank) 215 Adams S t .
Brooklyn, New York 11201. ~ i n g u i s t i c t h e o r y ; speech under-
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~ a r o l i n a , Chapel H i l l , 27514
CECH, Claude G. 1105 E a s t Delaware-, Urbana, I l ' l i n o r s 61803.
CHAFE, Wallace. Department of L i n g u i s t i ~ s , U n i v e r s i t y of Cal-
i f o r n i a , Berkeley, 94720
CHANl S tephen W. P r o j e c t on L i n g u i s t i c A n a l y s i s , U n i v e r s i t y
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CHAO, Y . R. Depar tpen t of O r i e n t a l Languages, u n i v e r s i t y o f
~ a l i f o r n i a , Berke ley 94720
CHAPIN, Paul G. Professor of L i n g u i s t i c s , U n i v e r s i t y of Cal-
i f o r n i a (San Diego) , L a J o l l a , 9 2 0 3 7
CHEYDLEUR, B. F. 3960 Normanwood Drive, Orchard Lake , Michigan
48033.
CKINCHOR, Nancy. Department o f L i n g u i s t i c s , South C o l l e g e
University of Massachuse t t s , Amherst, 0 1 0 0 2
CHRONISTER, E . S c o t t . 2701 E. Towers D r i v e , #507, C i n c i n n a t i
Ohio 45238
CLAY, W i l l i a m T. 1335 North Rowell , Fresno, C a l i f o r n i a 93703
CLIPPINGER, John H . , Jr. Box 95A , J e f f e r s o n , New Hampshire 03583
COFFEY, James R. Country.PZaCe A p t s . , Bancrof t # d , Fries H i l l
Road, T u r n e r s v i l l e , New J e r s e y 0 8 0 1 2
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61150; ISRAEL
COHEN, Pau l S . IBM T. J. Watson k e s e a r c h C e n t e r , P . O . Box 218,
Yorktown Heights, New York 1 0 5 9 8
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Toronto , Toronto M5R 1 C 9 O n t a r i o , CANAI
2 6
CDLES L. S t e p h e n . 1 8 P a r k c r A v c ~ u e , A the r ton . C a l i f o r n i a 94035
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S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y of New York a t B u f f a l o , Buf fa lo , 1 4 2 1 4 .
Informat ion s t o r a g e and r e t r i e v a l systems: s e l e c t i v e dissem-
i n a t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n sys tems ; automatic i ndex ing and c l a s s -
i f i c a t i o n methods.
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C a l i f o r n i a 93950
COWAN, Mari lyn R. C . T . 938 Kapahulu Avenue # 2 0 5 , Honolulu
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2 1 2 1 W ~ s c o n s i n Avenue N.W., Washington D.C. 20007. N a t u r a l
language s e m a n t i c s ; programming languages; a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l -
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CRESSBY, William W . 44.25 S t an fo rd S t r e e t , Chevy Chase, Maryland
20015
CRETSOS, James M. Mer r e l l -Na t iona l L a b o r a t o r i e s , 1 1 0 Eaet Amity
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CROUT, J . yomood. F e d e r a l Reserve Bank ctf New York, 33 L i b e r t y
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08101. Translation.
DAHLBERG, I n g e t r a U t . Woogstrasse 36a, b 6 ~ r a n k f u r t 5 0 , FRG
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DALE, Ne11 B. Budapest 11, Budakeszi ut. 55/0,~/7,9/1 HUNGARY
DAMERAW, Fred J. Nash Road, Purdy's Station, New York 1 0 5 7 8
DANFORTH, Douglas G., Blackwelder 5-J, s tanford , California 94305
DAVIDSQN, J. H. 545 W. 63rd Avenue, Vancouver, BC VQP 2G7 CANADA
DAVIES, Peter. 24 Downing Street, Spring Hill ~risbane 4000
AUSTRALIA
DAVIS, PhiLip W. Editor, GLOSSA, Departmene ~f Modern Languages,
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby 2 , BC CANADA
DAVIS, Ruth M. 12720 Eldrid Place, Silver Spring, Maryland 20904
DEAHL, Thomas F. 815 Carpenter Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19119
DEARING, Vinton A. Department of English, University of California
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DEGLI ANTONI, Giobanni. Via Viotti 5, 20133 Plilano,, ITkLY
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y s i s by Computer, 2 rue Charles Flagnette, Lieqe, Er@LGLUM
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Auenue, Santa Monica, California 90406
2 8
DILLON, hartin. School of Library Science, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27514
DINGWALL, ~ill.iam Orr. 6511 Wilson Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20034
DINNEEN, David A. Department of French and Italian, The University
of Kansas, Lawrence, 66044
DOBREE, Nick. P.O. Box 155712, Beirut, LEBANON
DODDS, David R. Computing Science Department, Simon Fraser Uni-
versity, Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6 CANADA
DOMENS, Mark, 25Q1 Nostrand Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
DOUGHERTY, Ching-Yi. Merrill College, University of California
Santa Cruz, 95060
DOUGLASS, David. 1027 Racine Avenue South, Chicago Illinois 60607
DOWILLE, Judith A. 23 Virginia Drive, Middletown, Connecticut.
0 6-4 5 7
DOYLE, Lauren. Editor, SIG-IR Newsletter, Technomics Incorporared
1455 Nineteenth Street, Santa Monica, California 90404
DREIZIN, Felix A. Department of Mathematics, University of Bar-
I l a n , Ramat- Gan, ISRAEL
DUCRETET, Pierre. Erindale College, University of Toronto,
3359 Mississauga Road, Clarkson, Ontari~, CANADA
DUGAS, Andre. Department de Linguistique, Universite du Quebec,
B.P. 3050, Succursale E, Montreal, Quebec, CANADA
DUNHAMI Georqe S. 3840 Harrison Street, Washington D.C. 20015
DUNN, James M. Germanic Languages & Program in Linguistics,
Princeton University, 230 East Pyne Bldg., Princeton New
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of Hawaii, 14onoXulu 9 6822
EAGER, Michael J. 1 5 0 3 Fairway Drive #2C, Lisle, Illinois 60532
EARNEST, Lester D m 12769 Dianne rive, Los A l t o s ~ills,
California 9 4 0 2 2
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27607
EDMUNDSON, H. P. Professor of Computer Science, University of
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4700 Keele St. Downsview, Ontario M3J l P 3 CANADA
EICHMAN, Thomas. Division of Humanities, Indiana State Univeksity
8600 University Bou evard, Evansville, Indiana 47712.
Unguistic theory; Germanic linguistics; Indo-European
linguistics.
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ENGELS, Leopbld K. 61 Tiense Vest, 3200 Kessel-Lo, BELGIUM
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FABENS, William. Depar-tment of Computer Science, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick , New Jersey 0 8 9 0 3
3/1
FAUFSCII, Pctc3r A . G . 13nttel la , C;cDcvn Rcscarch C e n t e r , 1.22'1
Carouye-Gcncva, SWITZERLAND
FANNTN, R s b c r t C. 58-03 C a l L o w a y Strect, Q u c e n s , Ncw York 13368
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C a l i f o r n i a 9 5 2 1 1
FAUNCE, S t e p h e n Palma R e a l 11J, Madrid 2 , S a n t u r c e , P u e r t o R i c o
On907
FELTY, Jamcs L . 239 M o r r i ~ k Road, Newton C e n t r e , Massachusetts
02159
FERGUSON, R i c h a r d D i m l t r i . 3 1 4 Oakland S t r ee t , W d l e s l e y ~ l i l l s ,
M a s s a c h u s e t t s 0 2 1 8 1
FERRARI , J. T e r r i . 1 9 C o l i ; l m b i a S t . , Wakef i e l d , Rhode I s l a n d 02879
FINDLER, N i c h o l a s , P r o f e s s o r o f Computer Science, State U n i v e r s i t y
of New York a t B u f f a l o , 4 2 2 6 Ridge L e a ~ a a d , Amherst 14226,
FINK, John, 1 5 Woodbury, Cranston, Rhode I s l a n d 0 2 9 0 5
PINLEY, ~ a r i o n R . , J r . D e ~ a r t m e n t de Mathemat iques , U n i V e r s i t e
L a v a l , Cite U h i v e r s i t a i r e , Quebec G1K 7 P 2 , CANADA
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PISCMER, Marga re t T . R . 8. Uowk r Cunlpany, 1 1 8 0 Avenue of the
r ~ e r i c a s , New Y o r k , hew ~ o r k 1 0 0 3 6
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ARGENTINA
FISHER, Robert A. Depar tment o f Computer S c i e n c e , Cornell
U n i v e r s i t y , I t h a c a , N e w York 1 4 8 5 0
FISHER, W . M. C e n t r a l I n s t i t u t e f o r the Deaf, 818 S. Euclid Aven e ,
St. Louis, M i s s o u r i 63110
FJELLHEIM, Roard Avenue de F e u i l l a s s 7 , Apt . 3 1 , 1 2 1 7 Meyrln
SWITZERLAND
FOLEY, James. Depar tment of Modern Languages, Simon Frascr
U n i v e r s i t y , Vancouver, CANADA
FOSSATI, E l a i n e . 1220.-333 Tasman Dr ive , Sunnyva le , C a l i f o r n i a
9 4 0 8 6
FOUGHT, J o h n G . Department o r L i n g u i s t i c s , U r i v e r s i t y of
P e n n s y l v a n i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a 1 9 1 7 4 . D e s c r i p t i v e l i n g u i s t i c s ;
e t h n o s e m a n t i c s ; Mayan s t u d i e s
FOX, Margare t R. 3418 Anderson RoQd, K e n s i n g t o n , Maryland 2 0 7 9 5
FRANDSEN, K. D. Department of Speech, 3 0 5 S p a r t k s B l c l g . ,
Pennsylvania S t a t e U ~ i v e s s i t y , Un ive r s i t y P a r k , 1 6 8 0 2
FRANK, Michael. Computer Services Department, Texaco, Inc.
2316 Wallace Avenue, Bronx, New York 1 0 4 6 7
FREDERICK, Helga E ~ i k s e n . Box 1 3 0 , Lindenwold, N e w Jersey 0 8 0 2 1
FREDERICKSEN, Dick H., 77 Jef fe rson Avehue, White Plains,
New York 10606
FRIEDMY, Joyce. Computer and C o p u n i c a t i o n Sciences, U n i v e r s i t y
of Michigan, 2076 Frieze Bldg., Ann Arbo r , 48104 .
Computational l o g i c ; grammar t e s t i n g ; speech understanding
s y s terns
FROBERG, Carl-Erik, Department of Numerical A ~ a l y s l s , S o l v e g a t a n
J4, Lund , SWEDEN
FROMKIN Victoria A. Professor of L i n g u i s t i c s , Un ive r s i t y of
C a l i f o r n i a , L o s Angeles 9 0 0 2 4
FUTAMURA, Yoshibiko. c e n t r a l Research L a b o r a t o r y , H i t a c h i Ltd.,
Kokubunji, Tokyo, JAPAN 185
(;AWON, Edward R . Bcpnr tmcnt of l i n g u i s t i c s , F r c s n o S t a t e
U n i v e r s i t y , F resno , C a l i f o r n i a 93726
GARFIELD, Eugene P r e s i d e n t , I n s t i t u t e f o r S c i e n t i f i c I n f o r m a t i o n
325 C h e s t n u t , P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pennsylvania 1 9 1 0 6
GARV-ER, Ncwton, Professor o f Ph i l o sophy , S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y of
New York a t B u f f a l o , 4244 Ridge Lea R d I B u f f a l o 14226
GARY, Marga re t . 6 3 1 G. S t r e e t , S E . Washington, D . C . 20003
GAWN, p e t e r C . 5 2 1 F r a s c r Avenue, ~ t ' t a w a K 2 A 2 IT1 O n t a r i o CANADA
GETSER, Marie. 111 de l a Barre S t . #511 , Longueui l J 4 K 2T8 PQ
CANAbn
GECPERIN, David. Computer S c i e n c e Depar tment , ~ e c h n p o n , H a i f a ,
ISRAEL
GENTILHOMME, Yves. 11 Rue L i n n e , P a r i s V @FRANCE
G I B B , Da ry l K. Wal l sburg , U t a h 84082
GZGLEY, Helen M. 2 5 Nor th S t . , Hlngham, M a s s a c h u s e t t s 02043
GILMAN, E . W. G and C M e r r i a m Company, S p r i n ~ f i e l d , M a s s a c h u s e t t s
01101
GINGELL, Rober t A . , Jr . 5 3 2 0 Dorset Avcnuc, Chovy C x l a s c ,
Maryland 2 0 0 1 5
GLASERSFELD, E r n s t von. 555 R i v e r h i l l D r i v e , A t h e n s , Georg ia 3 0 6 0 1
GLICKERT, P e t e r . 140 T w e l f t h S t r e e t S E . , Washington, D . C . 20003
GOLDBOGEN, Geof. 1 4 SE Lake Shore P a r k , Watervliet , New York 12189
GOLDMAN, N e i l M. USC I n f o r m a t i o n Science:, I n s t i t u t e , 4 6 7 6 A d m i r -
alty Way, ~ a r i n a del Rey, C a l i f o r n i a 9 0 2 ~ 9 1 ; Semant i c repre-
s e n t a t i o n ; n a t u r a l l anguage g e n e r a t i o n ; a u t o m a t i c knowledge
domain a c q u i s i t i o n .
GOLDSTEIN, Gordon D - Information SystGms Program office of
Naval RcseEirch, Code 437, Arlington, Virginia 2 2 2 1 7
Natural language processing, automatic speech recoqnition
and synthesis, mechanical translation
GONNELLA, Jerome P. Cincom Systems, Inc., 2181 victory parkway
~incinnati , Ohio 45206
GOODMAN, R. H. Automatic Programming Information Centre,
B r i g h t o n College of Technology, Brighton, 7 ENGLAND
GORDON, Alice M. Box 2425, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 2751-4
GOUGH, James Jr. School of Information and C o m p U t e l r Science,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332
GOVGH, Philip B. Department of Psychology, University of Texas
Austin 78712
GRABEL, David. 7 Evston St. #6, Brookline, Massachusetts 02146
GRACE, George W. Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii
Honolulu, 9 6 8 2 2
GRAITSON, Madeleine. Division a£ Computer Research and Technology,
National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 12A, Room 3043,
Bekhesda, Maryland 20014. Medical linguistics.
GRAVES, James H. 16980 Kercheval, Grosse Pointe, Michigan 48-230
GREEN James Sproat. Mitre Corporation, Mail Stop W-354,
westgate Research Park, McLean, Virginia 2 2 1 0 1
GREENBERG, Leonard S . 2211 Malcolm Avenue, Los Angeles, California
9 0 0 6 4
GRIMES, ~ u s e p h E. DML-Morrill Hall, Cornell Unive~sity, College
of Arts & Science, Ithaca, New york 1 4 8 5 0
GRISWOLD , Ralph E. university Computer Center, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizon; 8 5 7 2 1
3
GROLIER, Er ic dc. INTD 1. rue M o n t g o l f i e r , 7 5 0 0 3 , Pa r i s , FRANCIS
GROSS, Louis. ( M . I .T . L ipco ln XJaboratory) 28 R~sscll St.
A r l i n g t o n , M n s s a c h ~ s e t t s 0 2 1 7 4 . Speech unde r s t and ing ,
p a r a l l e l p r o c e s s i n g , interactive graphics
GROSSMAN, Pred . 104 Oregon Avenue, B r o n x v i l l e , New York 10708
CUMB, Raymond D. A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r o f Computer and In fo rmat ion
S c i e n c e s , Temple U n i v e r s i t y , P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pennsy lvan ia 1 9 1 2 2
In fo rma t ion r e t r i e v a l ; l o g i c ; s eman t i c s
HAAS Norman. 35-20 Lever ich S t ree t , Jackson He igh t s hew ~ o r k
1 1 3 7 2
HABERLAND, Ha r tmu t , Rosk i lde U n i v e r s i t e t s c e n t e r , P.D. Box 2 6 0 ,
4000 Roski;lde, DENMARK
HACKER, David A. Department of Linguistics, E F B t university o f
Iowa, Lowa City, 52242
HAHUM, Krause, Hagiber Haalmony 5 0 , Tel-A~iv, 6 5 3 2 0 ISRAEL
HALL, Wayne F.. 205-28 Rockway CR, Ottawa, Ontario K2G-3S1 CANADA
RANKEY, LCDR Joan R., U S N , 326 J Avenue, Coronado, Cal i fc jxnia 9 2 1 1 8
HANSON, Robert J . , Jr. Department of L i n g u i s t i c s , U n i v e r s i t y of
Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53201. ExperimentaI phone t i c s ; speech
s y n t h e s i s , speech r e c ~ g n i t i o n
HARPER R. M . Department o f Anatomy, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o m l a
Los Angeles , 9 5 0 2 4
HARRLS, B r i a n , Informathequ'e de L i n g u i s t i q u e , University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, O n t a r i ~ , CANADA
HARRIS, Gary L. 4 2 4 9rmstyong I Ia11 , West V i r g i n i a U n i v e r s i t y ,
MOrgantom, West ~ i r g i n i a 26506
HARRIS, Gxegory. 1433 Y a l e S t a t i ~ n , N e w Ilaven. C o n n e c t i c u t 06520
QARRIS, L a r r y R., Department of Y a t h e m a t i c s , Dartmouth C o l l e g e ,
Hanaver , New H a m p s h i r e 03755
HARRIS, Marion 0. 1 4 Oak S t . , orrist town, New J e r s e y 07960
HARROLD, John C.L. R t . 3 , H i w a y 7 3 ; G a t l i n b u r g , Tennessee 37738
HARTWICK, Gary, P , O . Box 148 , ~ i t t s f o r d , New Yark 14534
HASHIMQTO, MANTYkRO. J. N a t i o n a l I n t e r - U h i v e r g i t y Research,
I ~ s t i t u t e o f As ian & A f r i c a n S t u d i e s , - ~ o k y o U n i v e r s i t y o f
~ a r e i g n S t u d i e s , 4-51-21 N i s h i g a h a r a , K i t a k u ; Tokyo 1 1 4 , JAPAN
HATTORI, S h i r o . 1730-1- Kage to r i - cho Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi
JAPAN 244
HAVENS, W i l l i a m S. Department of Computer S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of
B r i t i s h Coluhibia, Vancouver, B . C . , CANADA. Programming
l anguages f ~ r a r t i f i c i a 1 i n t e l l i g e n c e ; a c t i v e p e r c e p t u a l
nekworks ,
HAWKINSON, Lowell B. Morn ings ide Lane, L i n c o l n , Massachusetts
01773
HAYES, Thomas. 6 3 4 4 Rug5 D e t r o i t , Michigan 48211
HAYS, D a n i e l G . Depar tment of Psychology , U n i v e r s i t y of Alabama,
~ u n t s v i l i e , 35807
HAYS, David G. T w i n w i l lows C o u r t , Hamburg, New Y o r k 1 4 0 7 5
HEIDORN, George E. Computer S c i e n c e s Depar tment , IBM T. J . Watson
Resea rch C e n t e r , P . O . Eox 2L8*, Yorktown H e i g h t s , New Y o r k
10598. N a t u r a l - l a n q u a q e man-machine dkalocrue: automatjc
programming; a l g l c a l computer s ~ m u i a t i o n .
I - I E I N Z , P e d e r i ~ o . 9432 Mcsryrest Rd .., Columbia, Maryland 21045
IIELLWIG, Pcter Garmanistisches~Scminar, K a r l ~ t r a s s e 1 6 ,
6 9 Heidelberg , GFKMANY
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HENDRIX Gary G . A r t i f i c i a l I n t e l l i g e n c e C e n t e r , S t a n f o r d Research
I n s t i t u t e , 3 3 3 Ravenswo~d Avenue, Menlo P a r k , C a l i f o r n i a 9 4 0 2 5
Semantic r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s ; q u e s t i o n answerina; semant ic-based
i n p u t p r e d i c t i o n f o r speech.
HERMAN, L . Russe lL, Jr. P.O. Box 5401, Ra le igh , North Ci3rolina
2 7 6 0 7
HERTZ, Susan. 316 ~ i g h l a n d Road, I B 2 0 6 , I t h a c a , N e w York 1 4 8 5 6
HEYM, David R. 6769 Markwood S t r e e t , Worthington, Ohio 43085
HIGGINS, W i l l i a m L. 5601 s i x t h S t r e e t South , A r l i n g t o n , V i r s i r r i a
2 2 2 0 4
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16933
SLOCUM, Jonathan, Computer S c i e n c e s , U n i v e r s i t y o f Texas, A u s t i n ,
78712, N a t u r a l language p r o c e s s i n g ; a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e ;
programming l anguages and systems.
SMABY, R icha rd M o 4517 Larchwood Avenue, P h i l a d e l p h i a ,
~ e n n s y l v a n i a 1 9 1 4 3
SMALL, Dana L. 2391 Ridgeview D r i v e , San Diego, C a l i f o r n i a 92105
SMITH, Dqnald. Cur r icu lum i n L i n g u i s t i c s , U n i v c ~ r s i t y of Georgia ,
Athens, 30601
SMITH, E . Kenton. 607 W. U n i v e r s i t y , R o c h e s t e r , Michigan 481)63
SMJTII, J. M. 6 Scvenaaks hvcnuc, Eleaton Moor, Stockpart, Cheshire
SK4 ~ A w , RIjlGGILND
SMITH, Michael K w Department of Computer Science, University of
Texas., Msthn 7 8 7 1 2 . A r t i f i c i n t intelligence; semant ic
automata
SMITH, Philip H . , Jr. 20 John S t ree t Fast, Waterloo, Ontario CANADA
SMITH, Raoul. Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University
Evanston, Illinois 60201
SMITH, Robert L. 816 17th Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025
SOCOLOFSKY, Thomas C. 2756 E. Grand River, Lot C-14, East Lansing,
Michigan 4"823
SOLON, Peter. Deparrment of Linguistics, California Sta te
University, Fullerton, 92634
SONDHEIMER, Norman K. Department of Computer and Information
Science, Ohio State University, 103 Caldwell Laboratory,
2024 Neil Avenue, Columbus 43210. Semantics: pragmatics;
machine control.
SOUL, M. J. Department of Computer Science, U n i v e r s i t y of
Manchestex, 12 Foxhlll Drive, Leecls 1 6 , W, Yorkshire ENGLAND
Computer parsing; s y s t e m i c grammar; reference determination
SOULE, Stephen. Department of Mathematics, University of Calgary,
Alberta, T2N 1N4 CANADA
SOWA, John F. Advanced Systems Development Division, IBt1
2651 Strang Blvd., Yorktown Heights, ?Jew York 10598
Artificial intelligence; conceptual networks, programming
language design,
SPAUbDXNG, J. Gordon. Department of English, university o f
British Columlxa, Vancouver 8, B.C. CANADA
SPITZBARDT, Harry. Direktor , Section Sprachwissenschaf t ~riedricb- chiller-~niversi‘tat, 69 Jena, GERMANY (DDR)
SEROULE, Betty A. Department of Computer Science, University
of Texas, Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762. Automatic
g~tracting; semantic information processing
STACHwJfTZ, Rolf. ~inguistic Research Center, University of
Texas, P . 0 . Box 7247, University Station, Austin 78712
STAWESLOW, P a u l W e Department of Sduth Asian Languages,
192 Klaeber Court, University of Minn'esoka, Minneapolis 55455
STARK, Donald S. Gordon.College, Wenham, Massachuse t t s 01984
STARKWEATHER, John A. Office of Information Systems, University
of California, San Francisco, 94122
STEFFLRE, Vubney. School of Social Sciences, University of
California, Irvine, 92664
STEIN, Jess. Random House, Lnc. 291 E . 50th Street, New York
New York 10022
STERBA, Virginia (New York University) 81 Perry Street #1A,
New York, New York 10014. Transformational-generative grammar;
computer-based grammars ; speech recognition and s y n t h e s i s
STERN, Pauk. 1715 Q St. N.W. Washingtan D.C. 20009
STEVENSON, Dale C. Ling~isties Department, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver 8, BC CANADA
STIER, Jbchanan. Computing Center, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, 11794
STRAKER, Jane. S e c r e t a r i a Ayndante, O f i c i n a International de
Information y Observacion dcl Espanol , Avenida de L o s Reyes
Cato l icos , S I N , Madrid, SPAIN
STREETER, V i c t o r J 2715 IIampshire, Ann Arbor , Michigan 48104
STRONG, Suzanne, J . 6883 Sara P l a c e , Reynoldsburs , Ohio 43068
STUTZMAN, Walter J. 708 Orange StxeGt , New Haven, Gonnec t i cu t
06511
STYGAR, Pau l . Box 282, McLean, V i r g i n i a 22101
SU, Stanley, Y . W. 227 Larsen H a l l , Electrical Enyineerinq
Department, U n i v e r s i t y of F l o r i d a , G a i n s v i l l e , 32601
SUEKANE, Ryota. MaEhara 3-30-4, Koganeish i , Tokyo, JAPAN
SUPPES, P a t r i c k . Ventura H a l l , Room 1 5 , S t a n f o r d U n i v e r s i t y
S t a n f o r d , C a l i f o r n i a 9 4 3 0 5
SUPPLE, James P . 100 Var ley #701. Kanata , O n t a r i o KOA 2C0 CANADA.
SWANSON, Ann M. Communications Opera t ions Ana lys i s uepar tment
Ketron, I n c . 12 th F l o o r , A r c h i t e c t B l d g . , 1400 Wilson Blvd.
A r l i n g t o n , V i r g i n i a 22209. Formal Language Theory; ~ l g e b r a i c
Systems The.ory Syn tac tkc P a t t e r r , Recognition.
SXABO, Szilard. Department o f Computer Sc i ence , U n i v e r s i t y of
San F ranc i s co , C a l i f o r n i a 9 4 1 1 7 .
TAGLIACOZZO, Renata. Mental H e a l t h Research I n s t i t u t e , U n i v e r s i t y
of Mlchigan Ann Arbor , 48104
TAXEUCHI, Tsuguhi to . c/o R. Uchida, 39 Senmch icho Kitashira-kawa
Sakyoku, Kyoto JAPAN
TAPPERT, Cha r l e s C . Speech P r o c e s s i n g , Computer Sc i ence Department
IBM Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights,
v,ew Yofk 10598
TAUBR, Paul R. 1035 South Second, Springfield, Illinois
TAYLOR, Stephen L. Computer Science Program, Wichita State
University, Box 111, Wichita, Kansas 67208. Artificial
intelligence, natural language processing ; automatic abstrao-
ting and indexing.
TEDESCO, Paul A. 5221 N. Wayne, Chicago, Illinois 60640
TERRANT, Seldon W. American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth Street
N O W , Washington, D.C. 20036
TESITELOVA, Marie. ProfessoE of Mathematical Linguistics,
Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Mala Strana - Letenska 4, Prague 1, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
TEUTSCH., Ronald F. Data Pxocessing, 400 South Fifth Street,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 5'5415
TI-IARP, AIan L. Departrn'ent of CDmputer Science, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, 27607. Question-answerkng systems;
data structures for comprehension; semantics..
THOMAS, Richard B . 3607 - 35th Street, N . W b , Washington D.C. 20016
THOMPSONi Bozepa Henisz. California Institute of Technology
649 South Grand Avenuej Pasadena California 91105. Camputa-
tianal Iinguistics; question-answering; experiments in com-
munication.
THOMPSON, C r a i g . Department of Computer Science, Austin, Texas
78712
THOMPSON, Frederick B. California Institute of T e c h n o l ~ g y
649 SouthdGrand Avenue, Pasadena California 9LL05
Computational l i n g u i s t i c s ; ques t i an -answer ing ; exper iments i n
c o m u n i c a t i o n .
TOMA, Peter P . LATSEC, INC. P.O. Box 1926, 7852 Ivanhoe Avenue,
L a J o l l a , C a l i f o r n i a 92037
TONISSON, Ivar . 129 A E s o ~ n d i d o V i l l a g e , S t a n f o r d , C a l i f o r n i a
9 4 3 0 5
TOSH, Wayne. S t . Cloud S t a t e Col lege , S t . Cloud, Minnesota 56301
TOURETZKY, David. 10 Dayton Road, ECison, New J e r s e y 08817
TURNER, on aid C . 6 9 2 0 N . Cochran, Spokane, Washington 99208
URDANC, Laurence. 3 4 North Main S t ree t , Essex, Connec t i cu t 06426
USKUP, F rances Land, Borg-Warner Educa t iona l Sys tems
6 0 0 11" u n i v e r s i t y Drive A r l i n g t o n He igh t s , I l l i n o i s . 6 0 0 0 4
~ o c i o 1 i n g u i s t i . c ~ ; c ~ m p u t a t i o n a l 1inguis t ics ;TESOL
VAN DER BRUGGEN, W. Federat ion f n t e r n a t i o n a l e de ~jocurnentat ion
7 , Hofweg, 1 a Maye, Pays-Bas HOLLAND
VAN DQF STEEN, G . J . De l fopo lder 4 P I3 139 Hazelrswoude, Rotterdam
3 , NETHERLANDS
VAN DER WOLK; J. Rondo 1 4 0 , Krimpen a l d Yssel, HOLLAND
VAN WOLKENTEN, Rayr Jr. Departmeot of Informa'iion Systems
V i r g i n i a Cornmopwealth U n i v e r s i t y , Richmond, 23220'
VATER, Heinz. I n s t i t u t k ~ r Deutsche Spraohe, U n i v e r s i t a t Koln,
5 ~ 6 l n 4 1 , WEST GERMANY
VERBURG, Pieter A. Hagepreekkamp 4 , I n s t . f o r Algw Taalwetenschap,
M a r k t s t r a a t 2 0 , Groningen, ~IOLLAND
VICKERY, Chr i s tophe r . 33-28 1 9 1 s t S t . F l u s h i n q , New York 11358
VILLEHEUVE, Ninnie . Department of L i t e r a t a r e , Lava1 U n i v e r s i t y
Quebec, Canada. Authorsh ip problems ; computer a p p l i c a t i o n s
i n phi losophy; a n c i e n t ph i losophy.
VINAY, Jeaa-Paul. Department of L i n g u i s t i c s , University of V i c t o r i a
V i c t o r i a , BOG,, CANADA
VISCOUNT, Robert R. Department o f E n g l i s h , Kingsborough Cbmmuni ty
Col l ege , 2 5 1 W . 89 th S t r e e t ; New York, New York 10024.
Applied. L i n g u i s t i c s ; d i s c o u r s e s t r u c t u r e and anal ysis
VIVAS, J o r g e E . 4 0 Deepwoods Dr ive , Amherst, Massachuse t t s 0 1 0 0 2
WACHAL, Robert S. L i n g u i s t i c s Program -570 EPB, ~niveksity of I o w a ,
Iowa C i t y , 52240
WAHLGREN, John. Department of Modern Languages, Simon F r a s e r
U n i v e r s i t y , Bqrnaby 2 , British Columbia CANADA
WAKRIG, Gerhard. D-6200 Wies~aden, Panoramaweq 8 , GERMANY
WALKER, Donald E . A r t i f i c i a l Intelligence C e n t e r , S t a n f o r d Research
Cen te r , Menlo P a r k , C a l i f o r n i a 94025. Speech and language
unders tanding; a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e ; computer models of
language.
WALL, D i e t e r . G e s e l l s c h a f t . f . W i s s . Datenverarb..,mbH Goktingen
D-34 Gottengen-Nikolausberg, am Fas GdRMANY
WALL, Robert. Department of L i n g u i s t i c s , U n i v e r s i t y - o f Texas,
Aus t i n , 78712
WALTERS, T. W..-, 6.J. U n i v e r s i t y oaf De t ro i t , 4 0 0 1 W. McNichols,
q e t r o i t , ~ i c h i g a n 4 8 2 2 1
WARMS, Tom M. 1000 Conestoga Road QB-234, Rosemont, Pennsy lvan i a
19010
WARNOCK, E . H . B o l t Beranek and Mewman, 50 Moulton S t r e e t ,
Cambridge, Massachuse t t s 02138
NARREN, S c o t t K . Suite 212, 2 7 1 5 B i s s o n n e t , Houston, Texas 7 7 0 0 5
WASHBURN, Donald. 2 1 1 E . Chicago Avenue, Chicago, I l l i n o i s 6 0 6 1 1
WEBB, F r e d e r i c k N . 1 0 Davis Road, Bedford , Massachuse t t s 01730
WEINER, John H . 1 1 6 H i l l t o p Road, S i l v e r S p r i n g , Maryland 20910
WEISS, Stephen. Department of Computer S c i e n c e , New West H a l l ,
U n i v e r s i t y of North C a r o l i n a , Chapel ill, 27514
WEKEL, James P e t e r . 369 1 0 8 t h Avenue, Kimberley, B .C . CANADA
V1A 1 C 5
WELGS, John C. Pepartme-nk of German, Tufts U n i v e r s i t y , Medford,
Massachuse t t s 02155
WENDORFF, Erwin R. 1303 Garden Lane, W y ~ m i s s i n g P a r k , Reading,
Pennsy lvan ia 19 6 0 2
WESTON, Paul 1 4 2 1 Rose g rive, Champaign, I l l i n o i s 61820
WEXELBLAT, Richard L. R o o m 2-F-413, Bell L a b o r a t o r i e s , E-Iolmdel,
New J e r s e y 07733
WEXLER, Kenneth School o f Social S c i e n c e s , U n i v e r s i t y of
C a l i f o r n i a , I r v i n e 92664
FJHITLOCK, L. 9. Sc ience & T e c h n i c a l I n f o r m a t i o h Cen t e r , Haechst-
Roussel P h a r m a c e u t i c a l s Inc., R t 202-206 N o ~ t h , S o m e r v i l l e ,
New Jersey 08876
WIDSTRAND, Irene. Toppvagen 8 4 , S-175 40 J a t f a l l a , SWEDEN
WIEDEMAN, Grace L . 1300 Tracy Place, Fa , l l s Church, V i r g i n i a 2 2 0 4 4
WIEDERHOLD, G i o . 1 5 5 Marine Road ( S k y l i n e ) , Woodside, ~ a l i f o r n i a
94062
WTLKS, ' Y e A. Ist. per g l i s t u d i s e rnan t i c i , V i l l a Henenem,
6976 Cas t agno la , SWITZERUND. Semantic5 and i n f e r e n ~ e ;
a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e ; machine t r a n s l a t i o n
WILLIAMS, Paul D . 3009 Braeburn Circle, Ann Arbor , ~ i c h i g a n 4 8 1 0 4
WINOGRAD, Te r ry . Computer Science Department, S tanford U n i v e r s i t y
S t a n f o r d , C z l i f o r n i a 94305
WITTMANN, Hen r i , bepartment of Lettres, ~ h i v e r s i t e du Quebec,
C.P. 500, T r o i s - R i v i e r e s , Quebec, CANADA. S imu la t i on .
WOLFE, John H. Development o f T r a i n i n g Technology, U. . S . Navy
Pe r sonne l R&D C e n t e r , San Diego, C a l i f o r n i a 9 2 1 5 2 Computer
generated i n s t r u c t i o n ; t u t o r i a l d i a l o g u e s , compu ta t i ona l
s eman t i c s .
WOOD, Gordon R. 1 2 B r i p r c l i f f e Dr ive , C o l l i n s v i l l e , I l l i n o i s 6 2 2 3 4
WOODS, J a y . Woods R&D, Box 9 5 6 , Yakima, Washington. 98907
Compiler de s ign ; au toma t i c programming; n a t u r a l sys tem
s i m ~ ~ l a t i o n
WOODS, Wil l iam A. A r t i f i c ial I n t e l l i g e n c e Depar tment , B o l t Beranek
and Newman, 5 0 Moulton S t r e e t ; Cambridge, Massachuset ts 02138
~ a t u r a l language p r o c e s s i n g ; p a r a i n g and grammars; semantic;
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n .
WOTECHKE, Eva-Maria. 670 M i l s h i r e Place, Newbury Pa rk , C a l i f o r n i a
91320
WOYNA, Adam. 7 5 2 4 A r l i n g t o n Boulevard, Falls Church, V i r g i n i a
2 2 0 4 2
WYLER, Gabriel. -1155 Jones S t r e e t #201, San F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f o r n i a
94109
WYLLYS, Ronald E. Graduate School of L i b r a r y S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y
of Texas, P .0 . Box 7576, A u s t i n 78712. I n f o r m a t i o n r e t r i eva l ;
i n f o r m a t i o n systems a n a l y s i s ; q u a n t i t a t i v e l i n g u i s t i c s
YANG, Shou-Chuan. 537 Eagle H e i s h t s , Madison, Wisconsin 53705
YATES, Do d. D i v i s i o n - o f Compuber S c i e n c e , N a t i o n a l P h y s i c a l
Labo ra to ry , Teddington , Middlesex, ENGLAND
Y N G W , V i c t o r H o Graduate L i b r a r y Schoo l , U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago,
1100 E. 5 7 t h S t r e e t , Chicago, I l l i n o i s 60637
YOUNG, Carol E . 206 Computer Sc ience B u i l d i n g , Iowa S t a t e bn ive r -
s i t y , Ames, 50010
YOUNG, Sohh W. NCR 4 2 0 0 , 1 6 5 5 0 W . Bernardo Dr ive , San Diego ,
C a l i f o r n i a 9 2 1 2 7
ZMPOLLI, Antonio. Cent ro Nazionale U n i v e r s i t a r i s d i Ca l co lo
E l e t t r o n i c o , V i a S o Maria, 36, 5610Q, P i s a , ITALY
ZATORSKI, .Richard J. Language C e n t r e , A r t s South Bui ld i f ig ,
U n i v e r s i t y of Melbourne, P a r k v i l l e , V i c t o r i a 3052, AUSTRALIA
ZBORAY, Bruce. 1751 Nicho l s Avenue, S t r a t f o r d , Connec t i cu t 0 6 4 9 7
ZIERER, I$. Bnive r s idad Nacdonal de T r u j i l l o , Departamento de
Ldiomas y Linguistics, T r u j i l l o , PERU
Z U C K E M N , Peter,. World Futu re Society, 4916 St. Elmo Avenue
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
American Journal of Computational Linguistics ~i c r o f i ch 1 5 : 70
TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS 2nD US A-JAPAN IN CONNECTION WITH COMPUTER
$699.00 --- CONFERENCE
Leave MONDAY AUGUST 18 Return SATU RDAY AUGUST 30 1975
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.
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AVAILABLE ON THE ARPA NETWORK
S O L A R B I B 1 I U G R A P H Y
The SOLAR bibliographic file is available as of April 1, 1 9 7 5 .
at SDC via the ARPA network. E i t h e r TELNET or T I P entry is pas-
sible. The accessing protocols are outlined beginning on frame
The file contains over 5,000 citations to documents in acoustic
and instrumental phonetics, neurolinguistics, speech perception,
speech production, speech pathology, lahguage learning, psycho-
lingdistics, sociolinguistics, syntax, semantics, and computa-
tional linguistics.
Among the 30 categories of data provided for are the following:
Abbreviation Cateqory Searchable
AU F R TI JO PU PY va PA ED AB NO IT DT ST I ' D BO
Author I n d i v i d u a l a u t h o r T i t l e Jaurna 1 Publisher Publication 'year Volume Pages covered ~ d i t o r Abstract Notes Index term Dc cument type Subject identification Documeut ID number Book article is in
SOLAR. B JBLIOGRi4PHY 7 3
T h e searcher types in an expected value f o r 6ne of h e searchable
categories. For example, i f searching for documents t r e a t i n g
movement t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s , he could t y p e :
extrapos# (IT)
cleft# <CR>
The s e a r c h t e r m s must be e n t e r e d unpunctuated. The # slgn
stands for an i n d e t e r m i n a t e string of characters. The paren-
thesized field i d e n t i f i e r limits the search for the preceding
t e r m to tha? c a t e g o r y .
A search can also be made of t h e non-indexed fPelds using t h e
STRINGSEARCH facility. Typing EXPLAIN STR1NGSERRCH"-<CR7
gets t h e de ta i l s .
S p e c i a l p r i n t f o r m a t s a r e ava i l ab le for selected citations:
Command F i e l d s Ret-urned
"PRINT" All data in a normal citation "PRINT SHORT" Author , t i t l e ; & p u b l i c a t i o n year "PRINT FULL'' All fields
Typing "EXPLAIN PkINT" <CR> yields details of possibilities
for tailoring p r i r t eoinmands.
Reference
D i l l e r , I, U s e r ' s g u i d e t o t h e SOLAR bibliography f i l e , SDC
SOLAR BIBLXOGWRPHY
~ c c e s s i n g SOLAR Files
1. T o connect t o SDC CMS v i a a T I P , make s u r e your terminal
is set to full duplex and type:
'transmit on L i n e f e e d '
' l o g to h o s t # 8 ( S D C ) '
When CMS r e t u r n s a period ( i n column 1, you are e x p e c t e d
to l o g i n .
2 . To l o g i n , type:
L O G I N SOLAR <CR>
If t h e l o g i n i s n o t i n u se , SOLAR w i l l print some s ign -on
messages and take care of mounting t h e SOLAR disk pack (if
n e c e s s a r y ) . You will then be asked t o sign o u r visitors log.
The z i g n a l f o r your response t h r o u g h o u t your i n t e r a c t i o n with
SOLAR w i l l be a hyphen ( - I n column 1. Please wait for that
prompt be fo re t y p i n g . Finish eacn lnput by striking the car-
r i age r e t u r n <CR> key. E i t h e r upper case, l o w e r case , o r a
mixed i n p u t .is accep tab l e .
Once signlng-in and introductions are over, the SOLAR d a t a
management s y s t e m will access the c u r r e n t l y available f i l e s
and c o n n e c t you to the BIBLIOGRAPHY da ta f ~ l e .
If SOLAR is already belng used,.you must wait and tr7, l a t e r .
Y o u can, however , send a message tc the SOLAR user by typing:
M SOLAR . . .rneSsage.. . <CR> (He c a n n o t reply though) .
more
SOLAR BIBLIOGRAPEIY
3 . TO obtain an intr~duction t o the SOLAR DMS, ask for the new-
user format when t h a t option i s given. Or, type
"EXPLAISJ SUMMARY" <CR>
w i t h q u o t e s ) , which will give you a briefing on searching and
printing p r o c e d u r e s , command names, and program messages.
4 . To o b t a i n an introduction to the file being accessed, type
I'EXPLAIN DATABASE" <CR>
5 . T o search fol ca t ego t - i e s of interest, t y p e in the expec ted
value for an indexed c a t e g o r y . E.g,
caus# <CR>
The # sign i s a v a r i a b l e which stands f o r an i n d e t e r m i n a t e s t r i n g
of characters .
6 . To p r i n t data once an e n t r y is selected, you can use t h e
standard p r i n t forpats. Type
"EXPLAIN PRINT FORMATS" <CR>
fok details.
7 . To h a l d p r i n t o u t of d a t a on y o u r terminal, hit the break k e y
once and wait for t h e SOLAR promF t - ) . Then t y p e
HT <CR> 'halt t y p i n g '
when prompted a g a i n , hit <CR> and SOLAR will a s k f o r your n e x t
query.
8 - To mqve to a new data file, t ype
"FILE FNAME " <CR>
For more details. t v n ~
more
SOLAR D I R L I O G R R P I I Y
TO quit your interaction with SOLAR, t y p e
QUIZ'IT <CR>
The i n t e r f a c e between SOLAR DMS and the n e t w o r k FTP c a p a b i l i t y
has n o t y e t been achieved (March 1 9 7 5 ) , so a t t h e moment a l l
p r i n t o u t must be t o you r t e r m i n a l . You can use t h e SOLAR
"comment" command t o advise us of what you would l i k a m a i l e d
t o you v i a off -Line l i s t i n g s o r t o v e n t your f r u s t r a t i o n s with
SOLAR'S q u i r k s .
- - f r o m a SOLAR release System Development Corporation March 2 7 , 1 9 7 5