caroline fletcher advisor: dan karmgard. astrophysics compact muon solenoid
TRANSCRIPT
RESEARCH EDUCATION FOR TEACHERS SUMMER 2013
Caroline Fletcher
Advisor: Dan Karmgard
Projects
Astrophysics
Compact Muon Solenoid
Astrophysics
Observational Astronomy Telescope alignment
Celestron 8-inch.
Image taking SBIG ST-8XECCD camera and attached it to the Celestron CPC800 11-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope.
Compact
Muon
Solenoid
Cartoon Muon Solenoid Program: Components:
Image This is a three dimensional image of the Compact
Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. Can rotate and view every inch of the detector
while studying the variety of events.
CMS
Graphic Controls Controls the transparency of each detector part. Detectable Path
This is the actual physics. (The vector sum of Transverse momentum in the x-y plane)
CMS
Event type EM: Electrons/Positrons/Photons
These stop in the Ecal HD: Charged pions/neutral kaons
These stop in the Hcal Mu: Muons/Neutrions
These travel through the entire detector. Charge
Determines the shape of the track. 0 = straight line -1/+1 bend in the opposite direction.
Px/Py/Pz
The charge determines the direction and the momentum determines the amount of curvature. This will only occur in the x-y plane due to the solenoid being
oriented along the z-axis. Vertex
Where the collision occurred (0 cm)
CMS
Underlying Event This allows you to see EVERYTHING!! (HELP ME)
Avg Bkg The average background value is used as the average of a flat
distribution. Lower number = less realistic
PtCut This filter allows you to concentrate on the transverse momentum.
Higher momentum = less tracks Track
Number assigned to each track. Color
This enables you to “pin-point” the exact track you wish to study when concentrating on momentum.
Help and Home Self explanatory!
CMS
Particle Identification Color Code
Since tracks are generated without your interaction, colors have been assigned to particle type Electrons = Green Photons = Light Blue Hadrons = Yellow Muons = Red Neutrinos = Dark Blue
CMS
Track information Hold shift and left mouse together, and a box
will appear. pz = Momentum on the z-axis
pT = Transverse Momentum
φ = Angular displacement ɳ = Efficiency VTX = Vertex M = Mass E = Energy ID = Particle
CMS
Select a
Process
Hard Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Hadron-Hadron collisions and predicted by the perturbation
theory. Fragment into jets.
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
Top Quark The heaviest of all six which makes it very short lived.
The been has to be at least 7 TeV. Decay into W-boson and a bottom quark.
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
LeptoQuark Hypothetical Particle (Do I need to say more?)
pp collisions with energies around 7 TeV. Being heavy, these particles decay very quickly into one of three generations.
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
Standard Model (SM) Higgs This particle has no spin, electric charge, or color
change with mass around 125 GeV/c2. Unstable = Quick Decay Many believe that this particle explains why some
particles are massive and others mass-less. Most probable decays:
b-quark-b-antiquark, charmed quark-charmed antiquark, or tau-anti-tau.
Other possibilities: WW and ZZ, although these particles will also
undergo another stage of decay (lepton-anti-lepton, neutron-anti-neutron, quark-anti-quark)
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
Prompt Photons pp collisions and are detected in the eCal. Because they do not fragment into jets, we can
achieve a more accurate picture of these photons. Two processes
Low pT The quark gluon Compton Scattering process dominates.
High pT
Quark anti-quark annihilation dominates.
As the curves steepness decreases, the pT will increases.
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
Weak Boson Exchange W and Z particles that are the carrier of the
electromagnetic force. We only see the decay particles! There are 24 possibilities with only 21 that are
visible. Most common: quark-antiquark pair which you can see
as jets.
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
Single
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
Boson Pair
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
Boson + Jet
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
CMS public data (The REAL thing!!!!) How to choose your data set
Select data file: Choose which type of event you would like to research.
Event: Public released data usually in sequential order.
Muon Filters: Tracker is the inner most part of the detector, and
the muons that are detected in this section produce ambiguous results in all other parts of the detector.
Stand Alone: This type of muon is detected in the spectrometer and has no detection in the tracker. These muons are more than likely produced from a decay and are also accompanied with a jet.
Global: This type of muon is measured in all sections of the detector.
Jet cones: The cones indicate that there are many particles traveling together in the same direction away from the same source. This is also a sign that a quark collision may have just occurred. You may check this box for on/off view.
Jet Hadrons: Quarks or Gluons have been knocked out of the proton.
I KNOW……. She is finally DONE!!!!
Thank You!