cartoon #1: modern cartoon. cartoon #2: late 1870s cartoon
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• Millions of immigrants entered the U.S. in the late 19th Century for various reasons• Push Factors• Pull Factors

• Push:Push:•1. Religious Persecution
•2. Overpopulation
•3. Spirit of Reform in Europe
• Pull:Pull:•1. Availability of Jobs
•2. Availability of Land
•3. Political and Religious Freedom

• Europeans arrived on the East Coast (New York Harbor)
•Ellis IslandEllis Island• Before 1890---mostly from western and northern Europe
• After 1890, mostly from southern and eastern Europe
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• From 1892-1924, 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island’s facilities•20% were detained more than one day
•2% were denied entry

ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR

• Statue of Liberty
• Ellis Island



• Chinese arrived on the West Coast•Angel Island Angel Island is in San Francisco • Port for Asian immigrants
•Processing was much harder than that on Ellis Island• Why?
• Pull Factors included:•Gold Rush•Railroads
Many Chinese men worked for the railroads
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ANGEL ISLAND WAS CONSIDERED MORE HARSH THAN ELLIS ISLAND


• Hawaiian planters recruited Japanese workers

• Immigrants arrived from Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other islands
• Mexicans immigrated to the U.S. to find work and flee political turmoil

• While some tried to assimilate into American culture, others created ethnic communities
• Some native born Americans disliked the immigrants unfamiliar customs and languages• Known as ““Nativism”Nativism”• Xenophobia: Xenophobia: fear of anyone/thing foreign
• In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act which limited Chinese immigration until 1943
Chinatowns are found in many major cities
Defacto segregation


• To become a citizencitizen (A citizen is a participatory member of a political community) you must complete the NATURALIZATION process• SEE HANDOUT• Long Process1.Application2.Background check3.Citizenship Test4.Interview5.Ceremony

• OBJECTIVE: OBJECTIVE: You will analyze Primary and Secondary sources to determine whether the source presents the realities of American immigration as a DREAM or NIGHTMARE.