case studies undp: pastoralist integrated support programme, kenya

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: PASTORALIST INTEGRATED SUPPORT PROGRAMME, Kenya

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Kenya

PASTORALIST INTEGRATEDSUPPORT PROGRAMME

Empowered live

Resilient nation

Empowered live

Resilient nation


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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Years

the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chie: Joseph Corcoran

Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe

Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,

Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa

Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Pastoralist Integrated Support Programme (PISP) and in particular the guida

and inputs o Ali Doti. All photo credits courtesy o PISP. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia.

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. Pastoralist Integrated Support Programme, Kenya. Equator Initiative Case Study Ser

New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858


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PROJECT SUMMARYOn the arid rangelands o the Marsabit area o northernKenya, the livelihoods o pastoralist groups are subjectto threats rom overgrazing, land use change, socialinstability, and climate change. Pastoralist IntegratedSupport Programme (PISP), a local NGO, has worked since1996 to increase the number o water points that canprovide sae and reliable water or livestock and people,while strengthening conservation o key wildlie species inMarsabit National Park and the wider area.

Eorts to improve grazing management and to diversiy

the income stream o pastoralists have helped to reducepressure on natural resources and thereby lessen tensionsbetween resource user groups, while the group hasalso held community dialogues and encouraged sharedmaintenance o water inrastructure to eectively addressthe ecological and economic stresses that threaten thepastoralist way o lie.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2004

FOUNDED: 1996

LOCATION: Greater Marsabit, northern Kenya

BENEFICIARIES: Over 11,000 pastoralists

BIODIVERSITY: Pasture conservation

3

PASTORALIST INTEGRATED SUPPORTPROGRAMMEKenya

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 8

Socioeconomic Impacts 8

Policy Impacts 9

Sustainability 10

Replication 10

Partners 11


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astoralist Integrated Support Programme (PISP) is a non-

overnmental organization based in the greater Marsabit area oorthern Kenya. PISP works to reduce poverty and vulnerability to

rought among the pastoralist communities in one o Kenyas most

rid and isolated areas by providing innovative water-sanitation

olutions, livelihoods development activities, educational support

nd conict management programs.

ISP conducts its work in north-central Kenyas Marsabit, Laismis

nd Chalbi districts, where 97 per cent o the land is classied

s rangeland. The landscape there is mostly composed o arid

nd semi-arid plains dominated by bushland, shrubland, annual

rasslands, and barren areas dotted with inselbergs (isolated rock

ills that rise abruptly rom the surrounding plain), volcanic cones,

nd calderas (another volcanic eature). Montane orests, mist orests

nd perennial grasslands dominate the peaks and slopes o regions

hree extinct volcanoes: Mount Kulal (2,230m), Mount Marsabit

1,700m) and the Hurri Hills (1,310m).

he majority o the region receives an average o about 300mm o

ainall annually, while highland areas oten get well over twice that

mount. Over the last ty years, there has been a signicant decline

n the overall amount o rainall, but precipitation is known to vary

widely rom year to year. Climate change has the potential to intensiy

his annual variability and increase the requency o extreme weather

vents, including drought and ooding. Groundwater and surace

water move east towards the Jubba River Basin, west towards Lakeurkana, and north towards the Chalbi Desert.

The pastoralist liestyle

he Burji, Gabra and Rendille peoples engage in some limited

gricultural activities in the Mount Marsabit area. However, the

majority o the areas inhabitants, notably the Gabra, Konso, Wata

nd Borana ethnic groups, are almost exclusively pastoralist, both

y tradition and necessity. Pastoralist systems evolved as a strategy

or people to adapt both socially and ecologically to the northern

Kenyas harsh landscape. Various eatures o pastoralist lie a

people to prepare or, cope with, recover rom, and adapt to internal and external stresses and shocks. Communities ma

drought reserve pastures and water sources to help minimize an

losses during drought. Traditional herega committees govern ac

to shallow wells. Households aim to keep diverse herds, bec

while cattle need water every two days, smaller animals can go

days without water, and camels can survive up to ten or even el

days. This enables camels to graze up to 50 km away rom w

sources and makes them the most drought-resistant membe

amily herds.

Though sensitive to water shortage, cattle are important to sur

Milk accounts or over 60 per cent o a pastoralist households

consumption. At times when milk production decreases, blo

mixed in with milk and small stock are butchered or meat o

be sold or traded or commodities such as maize meal, sugar

tea. In order to split risks, conserve pasture in inhabited areas

attend to amily needs a small subsistence milk herd gene

grazes near home while the remaining animals are sent to graze

in more abundant pastures. These patterns o mobility, exi

and adaptation have traditionally sustained the pastoralists o

Marsabit region, which is home to approximately 144,739 pe

150,000 cattle, 460,000 sheep, 360,000 goats, 100,000 camels, 20

donkeys and 20,000 poultry.

Patterns o mobility have historically allowed or pasture siterecover or several seasons between uses. Pastoralists gene

graze their animals in the highland areas at times when ra

abundant. There, perennial grasses such as dichanthiuminsculp

broadlea herbaceous plants including cammelina aricana

camelianabenghalensis, and trees such as acaciatortilis and ba

proxima provide desirable orage or livestock. However, high

water access becomes a problem in the dry season, necessita

movement to arid low-lying areas where scattered perma

springs and reliable groundwater are more readily available.

Background and Context


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55

Once in the dry plains, livestock rely on annual grasses and sedges

ncluding Aristida spp., digitaria sp., D. velutina, eragrostis, andhloris virgate. Much o the areas wildlie ollows similar seasonal

movements as pastoralists and their livestock. East Arican oryxoryx besia), the endangered Grevys zebra (equus grevyi), gerenuk

itocraniuswalleri), ostrich (struthiocamelus), Grants gazelle (nangerranti), reticulated girae (giraacamelopardalis), lion (pantheraleo),

eopard (pantherapardus), cheetah (acinonyxjubatus) and elephants

oxodontaaricana) are all ound in the region. O these, elephantsave the most precarious relationship with their human neighbors;

hey are requently reported as causing crop destruction and killing

oth livestock and humans.

n recent years, the pastoralist liestyle and the ragile ecosystem o

orthern Kenya have come under great pressure rom an increase in

he requency and seriousness o both manmade and environmental

hocks and stresses. Cyclical insecurity, population growth, livestock

isease and thet, rainall and pasture variability, and droughts

most recently in 1997, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2005/6, 2007/8, and 2011)

ave all undermined essential traditional pastoralist institutions

nd practices. Along with the ailure o conventional development

olicy to consider the ecological and economic sustainability o

he pastoral production system, these actors have encouraged the

apid growth o human settlements in arid lowlands or easy access

o permanent water sources, ood aid and some basic educational

nd health services. The security o settlements is also an attractive

eature, as the threat o armed raids and an inux o illegal rearms

ave put large amounts o prime grazing lands o limits. These

rends combined have put great stress on permanent water sources

nd the ragile pasture surrounding settlements. With the challenges

hat have come about rom increased sedentarization, the ecological

nd economic sustainability o mobile pastoralism in such an arid

egion is increasingly clear.

he operating area o PISP is one o the poorest in Kenya and has

ome o the lowest human development indicators in the country,

with 62 children out o every 1000 dying beore their th birthday

n Marsabit. Approximately one quarter o children ages between six

nd ve years are moderately or severely stunted, an indication o

hronic undernourishment. The districts 2005-2015 strategic plan

ndicates that 86 per cent o the population is classied as ood poor,

and that much o the population is reliant on ood aid. 73 per ce

households spend an hour or more collecting water every day

in most households, this responsibility alls to women. Only ha

the population has access to improved sources o water or drin

and even more than this have no sanitary acilities and use the

or elds to dispose o human waste.

Some challenges are exacerbated by the ailure o conventi

development interventions to consider the unique constraints opastoralist liestyle. For example, 62 per cent o school-aged chil

attend school, but enrollment and retention rates at secon

schools tend to be low. These numbers can be attributed partia

an education system that is not well suited to the mobile pasto

liestyle. Very ew companies have developed nancial service

meet the needs o a highly mobile population with livestock a

primary orm o collateral, with the result that most pastoralists

on livestock not just or ood, but as a orm o savings and insura

Unortunately, geographic isolation makes it difcult and expe

or local products to gain access to markets. Pastoralists rarely

satisactory prices or their livestock, and so selling oten beco

a last resort in times o true emergency, when markets are alr

depressed. Greater Marsabit lacks basic inrastructure. There

no tarmac or all-weather roads, nor is there any system o p

transport.

Initially, PISP ormed in response to community concerns a

water supply and management. The urgency o these concerns c

to light during a Participatory Rural Appraisal exercise conducte

community members and Gabra elders in the small town o T

by Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) in the

1990s. Turbis nearest permanent and reliable water source wa

km away, which was typical o many small towns in the area a

time. With the help o the area Member o Parliament, elders in

area banded together to establish and register PISP as a local in 1996.

From its initial ocus on water-related activities, PISP has expan

to engage in a more comprehensive set o programs that com

innovative and indigenous strategies to help pastoralist commun

adapt to climate change, reduce poverty, and protect their r

ecosystem.


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6

Key Activities and Innovations

he initial ocus o PISP was on assessing local needs and providingwater-related assistance to communities. To this end, in 1997, the

lders who were heavily involved in the ormation o PISP began

raveling throughout Kenya, seeking knowledge about water

echnologies that could be useul in Marsabit. They returned home

rmed with new techniques or building underground rainwater

arvesting tanks, sand dams and siphon pumps. Since this initial trip,

he construction, improvement and rehabilitation o water acilities

nd provision o sae water during emergencies have been the major

ocus o PISPs work.

mproving access to water

eyond simply constructing water sources, PISP trains local artisansn the maintenance and upkeep o water sources and includes elders

n discussions about how new water sources should be managed and

hared. Otentimes, this process includes the establishment o Water

Users Associations modeled on traditional management systems

nd the education o local people on hygiene and sanitation. During

roughts in 1997, 2000 and 2005/6, PISP provided tankered water to

20 communities experiencing acute water stress, reducing pressure

on water sources and pasture in heavily populated areas. To shield

he most vulnerable rom the severity o depressed markets during

rought in 2006, PISP bought and slaughtered livestock that were

ot expected to survive the crisis. This provided at-risk amilies with

ncome to better survive the drought, provided meat as a dietary

upplement to the needy, and decreased the overall environmentaltress on pasture and water sources by reducing overall herd size.

Poverty reduction

n recent years, PISP has evolved to take on a more comprehensive

et o programs to reduce vulnerability and poverty amongst

pastoralists. In particular, PISP has begun avoring long-term

programming that builds community capacity and resilience to

isasters over the isolated delivery o costly and unsustainable

mergency response programs.


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he organizations livelihood support and development programs

ange rom livestock development and natural resource management

o microcredit activities. PISP acilitates extension services to

nsure the control o livestock diseases and provides pastoralists

with improved market inormation and linkages. Community

rainings address range management challenges, in particular,

ddressing pasture depletion and environmental degradation.

ISP also encourages pastoralists to diversiy their livelihoods. In

ommunities where most peoples wealth is traditionally held in theorm o livestock, this can mean diversication o the herd. Since

006, hundreds o drought- and raid-aected amilies have received

amels rom PISP to improve their amilys resistance to water stress.

n other cases, PISP has helped people who do not have access to

ormal banking systems get credit or establishing environmentally

riendly microenterprises.

Confict management and peace building

Conict management and peace building activities make up an

dditional programming area or PISP. This is essential in order

or pastoralists to make use o productive rangeland that goes

nderused or unused due to insecurity or conict. By holding

ommunity dialogues and engaging in shared programming across

warring communities, PISP endeavors to address the economic and

cological stress that is caused and exacerbated by breakdowns in

ecurity that threaten human and herd mobility.

nvesting in education

n support o its broader development objectives or the region, PISP

upports educational activities in several ways. The organization

as built two schools that serve students rom two o the most

marginalized communities in Marsabit. PISP has also supported

tudents through the provision o educational materials, high schoolcholarships, and inrastructure development in schools. To extend

ducational opportunity to children in mobile pastoral amilies

who cannot participate in the sedentary ormal education system,

ISP has also established shepherd classes and mobile schools. By

nvesting in education, PISP is engaged in trying to build human

apital in the local community or the uture.

Governance structure

ince its ormation in 1996, PISP has relied heavily on community

nvolvement or the direction, stafng and leadership o the

rganization. Yaa Galbo, one o the ve traditional councils o the

Gabra ethnic group, was active in ounding the organization. Earlyn, sta worked as unpaid volunteers or months beore PISP

btained unding. Several Yaa Galbo elders initially served on the

oard o directors and insisted that PISP serve all pastoralists in the

rea, encompassing people rom ten dierent ethnic groups. The

rganizations sta and active board o directors requently consult

nd deliberate with traditional institutions, taking into account clan

tructures and ultimately acting in partnership. Traditionally, the

overnance o water sources and any other decisions concerning

ollective resources can involve Yaa councils, well owners, group

lders and meetings at all levels o nomadic camps. PISP engages in

a participatory strategic planning process, which recently stre

goals or developing urther organizational capacity in the or

sta and board expertise, regular nancial planning and reviews

investment in technology to enhance management and outcom

The organization regularly works in partnership with the Ke

governments Arid Lands Resource Management Project, Dis

Steering Group, and Water Services Board. Recently, PISP

become a member o the World Alliance o Mobile IndigenPeoples (WAMIP), a global alliance o nomadic people conce

with sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity.

Combining traditional and modern methods

PISP is unique in its successul integration o traditional reso

management methods with the introduction o new w

technologies such as underground rainwater tanks and sand d

in the Marsabit region. Underground rainwater harvesting t

capture surace runo rom oothills to be used or watering wi

and livestock. The cylindrical design PISP builds makes use o lo

available masonry stones capped with a dome-shaped conc

shell. Sand dams are another low-cost, low-maintenance or

rainwater harvesting, particularly well suited to the regions

climate. By building a barrage across a sandy riverbed, the struc

captures runo as well as eroded sand. The sand then acts as a

o lter and slows the rate o evaporation as compared to open w

suraces. Nearby wells tend to see improve d levels o groundw

During oods, sand dams protect downstream ecosystem

regulating overow. Their design also protects against waterb

diseases and the breeding o disease vectors.


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8

Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS

Many development approaches have made pastoral communities

more vulnerable to environmental shocks and stresses by

discouraging traditional mobile approaches in avor o

edenterization. Overgrazing and land degradation only tend to

happen when such policies or historical events constrain pastoral

groups or result in the abandonment o traditional land management

methods. Livestock contribute to the overall ertility o grazing lands,

nd their guts play an active role in transporting and ertilizing

eeds. Systematic resource use and management techniques protect

gainst overgrazing and allow vulnerable grassland areas adequate

ecovery time between uses.

PISP seeks to protect dryland biodiversity through the encouragement

o mobile pastoralism, which is an efcient livelihood and sustainable

and management strategy in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. The

provision o small and numerous reliable water sources encourages

greater herd mobility, and the organizations involvement in conict

esolution aims to open up previously-disputed territories or sae

use by humans and livestock. All o this reduces the stress on natural

esources near heavily populated areas.

PISP also works to encourage and strengthen the traditional

esource management methods o communities. For example, the

Banos council o elders in the Rendille community in Marsabit makesdeterminations about grazing patterns and the preservation o

iverine and orested sites. PISP uses its provision o water assistance

s a way o working with the council to better manage resources,

n particular, ragile pasture near lowland water sources, to prevent

degradation.

n addition to encouraging the reintroduction o traditional

ommunity-based resource management, PISP also strengthens

biodiversity with some o its uses o water technologies. Some o the

ain water harvesting techniques utilized by PISP raise the overall

water content o the area, improving the moisture available or

plant and animal lie as well as or humans and livestock. Sand d

tend to recharge riverbanks, allowing or tree planting and redu

the erosion caused by major rainstorms.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

The work o PISP on water sources has had a signicant impac

the wellbeing o people served in the project area. The organiz

reports that by 2008, it had improved 100 existing shallow w

and constructed 63 underground rainwater harvesting tanks,

earth pans, 25 above-ground water tanks or schools, 50

dams, and ve rock catchments. A greater number o reliable wsources, particularly near strategic highland and other desi

pasture, enhances the mobility o herds. With secure, reliable w

points available aar, the majority o the herd can move away

settled areas, providing less grazing competition or milk herds

contributing to household ood security. Improved water ac

also leads to a decrease in the loss o small stock (goats and sh

which are the most water-dependent o common livestock.

More numerous water sources also mean that women, who

to be responsible or household water collection, travel sh

distances and spend less time collecting water, enabling the

turn their attention and energy to other concerns. More du

water sources save time or men also, because they spend lessrehabilitating collapsed wells ollowing each rainy season. Impr

water sources reduce the likelihood o contamination and dis

as well. By encouraging the reinstatement o traditional reso

management methods and establishing and training Water U

Associations, PISP has encouraged community responsibility o

sustainability o vital resources.

The organization argues that taking care o resource sca

will, in turn, enhance ood security, build community resilie

and contribute to peace building eorts. For example, the T


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Massacre o 2006 saw 96 people killed and the loss o over 10,000

goats and sheep, 2,000 cattle and 1,200 camels to raiding. Many

o the aected were among 600 amilies that PISP restocked with

900 head o emale camels, to replace losses and diversiy herds.

Beyond this, 800 drought- and conict-aected households have

eceived load camels, signicantly improving water access and

herd mobility. Camels have reduced the need to trucking water

during emergencies and also lower the death rate o small stock.

Unlike other livestock, camels milk production is unaected duringdrought conditions, providing a nutritious and reliable source o

ood year-round. By increasing the percentage o camels in their

herds, pastoralists improve amily ood security. At times, PISP gives

camels to needy amilies, but in other cases it exchanges them or 30

o 40 sheep or goats.

n addition to herd diversication, PISP has extended microcredit

opportunities to 13 groups o pastoralists in order to provide

hem with alternative sources o income and diversied livelihood

opportunities. These individuals have access to a revolving credit

und that has grown to about 4 million Kenyan shillings (nearly USD

40,000 US).

Beyond the two schools the organization has built, PISP has suppo

an additional 17 primary and secondary schools by building

catchment systems since 1998. These roo tanks benet stud

throughout the year and the entire community during drou

because in true emergencies they serve as reservoirs or tank

water. PISP provides academic scholarships to 100 promising

school students, conducts ve shepherd classes, and has establi

six mobile schools.

POLICYIMPACTS

PISP participates in policy-making and implementation throug

working relationships with several government entities, inclu

the Arid Lands Resource Management Project, District Stee

Group, and Water Services Board. Recently, PISP has also ou

voice on the international level, as a member o the World Alli

o Mobile Indigenous Peoples (WAMIP), a global alliance o nom

people concerned with sustainable livelihood and biodiversity

CEO o PISP serves as the elected president o WAMIP, and the o

CEO is an elected Member o Parliament or the project area.

9


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Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYAs it has rom the beginning, PISP relies heavily on donor unds to

arry out its activities, though its list o external supporters has grown

ver time to include the UKs Department or International Aid (DFID),

NV World, the Catholic Organisation or Relie and Development

Aid (CORDAID), the Intermediate Technology Development Group

TDG now known as Practical Action), the Japanese Embassy,

Water Aid, and the Community Development Trust Fund. This

xpansion o support has enabled PISP to diversiy its programming

nd avoid relying too heavily on a single donor to und activities. The

rganization now has 21 paid employees, owns its permanent ofce

lock, has developed a website, and is equipped with computers,motorbikes, trucks, Land Cruisers and a satellite phone.

As or the sustainability o program activities in communities, water

ources constructed and improved by PISP are intended to be

managed and sustained by local people. To ensure this, PISP has

oncentrated on construction and improvement o water sources

hat are more easily managed by the community than boreholes,

which can stress limited ground water supplies and have wearing

arts that can be prohibitively expensive to repair.

he organization has trained Water Users Associations to manage

water sources and has provided 21 local artisans with technical

raining in the maintenance o water sources. PISP has also ensuredhat the necessary supplies or construction and repairs are available

t the local level. For example, since underground rainwater

arvesting can be built using locally available masonry stones, the

ommunity can sustain and even replicate these water sources.

Tackling sedentarization

ISP takes the stance that i water sources are small, numerous and

eographically dispersed, they will encourage greater mobility and

educe overgrazing. However, it will be a continuing challenge that

more reliable water sources may encourage traditional pastora

to settle into a more sedentary liestyle. This concern, comb

with population growth, strains the delicate social and ecolo

balance o the traditional pastoralist system and remains a con

consideration or PISP and the communities it serves.

REPLICATION

Since its ormation in 1996, PISP has expanded its reach ove

greater Marsabit area. The organization has plans to open a

ofce in the North-Horr division o the district in order to better r

a greater number o nomadic pastoralists. By continuing to ex

its services, both geographically and thematically, PISP encour

the continuation o mobile pastoralism as a viable metho

sustainable livelihood and land management.


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1111

PARTNERS

The Government o Kenya

The European Commission Humanitarian Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization o the United Nations

(UN FAO)

The Catholic Organization or Relie and Development Aid

Community Development Trust Fund

United Nations International Childrens Education Fund (UNICEF)

The UKs Department or International Aid (DFID)Oxam GB

Canadian International Development Agency

Caritas Austria

The Japanese Embassy in Kenya

The International Institute or Rural Reconstruction

United Nations Ofce or the Coordination o Humanit

Aairs (UNOCHA)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Netherlands Development Organization (SNV)

HelpAge International

Arica Oil Corporation Kenya Community Development Foundation

Maji Na Uanisi (MNU)


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Tel: +1 646 781 4023

www.equatorinitiative.org

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change and

necting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

2012 by Equator Initiative

All rights reserved

FURTHER REFERENCE

Ministry o State or Development o Northern Kenya and other Arid Regions. 2009. Arid Lands Resource Management Project II ht

www.aridland.go.ke/index.php

Pastoralist Integrated Support Programme website http://www.pisp.org/

Kenya National Bureau o Statistics. 2008. Kenya Eastern Province: Monitoring the situation o women and children. Multiple Indic

Cluster Survey http://www.childino.org/les/Marsabit_Report.pd

Haro, G.O., Doyo, G.J. and Mc Peak, J.G. 2003. Linkages between Community, Environmental and Conict Management: Experie

rom Northern Kenya. Prepared or the conerence Reconciling Rural Poverty Reduction with Renewable Resource Conservation: I

tiying Relationships and Remedies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, May 1-3, 2003.Marsabit District Vision and Strategy, 2005. http://www.aridland.go.ke/NRM_Strategy/marsabit.pd

World Initiative or Sustainable Pastoralism (WISP): a program o IUCN. 2010. Building climate change resilience or Arican livesto

sub-Saharan Arica. http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-103.pd
http://www.aridland.go.ke/index.phphttp://www.aridland.go.ke/index.phphttp://www.pisp.org/http://www.childinfo.org/files/Marsabit_Report.pdfhttp://www.aridland.go.ke/NRM_Strategy/marsabit.pdfhttp://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-103.pdfhttp://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-103.pdfhttp://www.aridland.go.ke/NRM_Strategy/marsabit.pdfhttp://www.childinfo.org/files/Marsabit_Report.pdfhttp://www.pisp.org/http://www.aridland.go.ke/index.phphttp://www.aridland.go.ke/index.phphttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348261012.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348261312.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348161504.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348162144.pdf

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