case studies undp: regional federation of women’s advancement groups, ziguinchor, senegal

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: REGIONAL FEDERATION OF WOMENS ADVANCEMENT GROUPS, ZIGUINCHOR, Senegal

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Senegal

REGIONAL FEDERATION OFWOMENS ADVANCEMENTGROUPS, ZIGUINCHOR

Empowered live

Resilient nation


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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Years

the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chief: Joseph Corcoran

Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe

Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,

Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa

Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Fdration Rgionale des Groupements de Promotion Fminine de la rgion

Ziguinchor (FRGPF-Z), and in particular the guidance and inputs o Mme Sadio Thioune Seydi and Mme Rama Diatta Djibo. All pho

credits courtesy o FRGPF-Z. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia.

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. Regional Federation of Womens Advancement Groups, Ziguinchor, Senegal. Equator Ini

tive Case Study Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdf


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PROJECT SUMMARYThe Fdration Rgionale des Groupements de PromotionFminine de la Rgion de Ziguinchor has worked since thelate 1980s in southwestern Ziguinchor, in a region knownas Lower Casamance. The regions wealth o vegetationmakes it an important orest reserve in Senegal, includingthe countrys largest population o mangroves.

Twin threats o declining sh populations (impactingcatch sizes) and increasing soil salinity (a barrier to ricecultivation) were the catalysts or community-based actionin the late-1990s, when women volunteers undertook

mangrove reorestation to tackle both problems. Thiswas supplemented by training in more sustainable oysterharvesting practices that conserved mangrove habitats. Theederation currently comprises a total o 30,919 membersrom 1,274 aliated womens groups throughout the regiono Ziguinchor.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2008

FOUNDED: 1987

LOCATION: Ziguinchor region of south-west Senegal

BENEFICIARIES: More than 30,000 women

BIODIVERSITY: 184 hectares of mangrove restored

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REGIONAL FEDERATION OF WOMENSADVANCEMENT GROUPS, ZIGUINCHORSenegal

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 8

Socioeconomic Impacts 8

Policy Impacts 9

Sustainability 10

Replication 10

Partners 10


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4

Geography and biodiversity of southwestern Senegal

Covering an area o 7,339 km2, the southwestern region o

iguinchor, also known as Lower Casamance, is one o the smallest

egions in Senegal. It is bound on the east by its sister region Kolda,

o the west by the Atlantic Ocean (about 86 kilometers o coastline),

o the north by the Gambia, and to the south by Guinea-Bissau.

eceiving an average o 1,200 millimeters o rain per year, the region

Ziguinchor has a tropical climate with a dry season rom October

o May and a rainy season lasting our and a hal months. The region

ncludes plateaus and terraces (lateritic, erruginous) o rice elds

ear estuaries and along the rivers. Five major sub-basins surroundower Casamance: Bala (1645 km2), Bignona (750 km2), Kamobeul

700 km2), Guidel (130 km2), and Agnack (133 km2).

rom the water surace in the valleys to the Casamance River and its

ributaries, the salinity o soils in the coastal areas was exacerbated

y years o drought. However, rains in recent years have watered

own this salinity. Its wealth o vegetation makes Ziguinchor one

the last orest reserves o the country. Forests (o Kapok and ruit

rees) and heavily-wooded savannas populate the plateaus and

erraces; mangroves are ound in the halomorphic areas and palm

roves in the hydromorphic areas.

he marine areas o Casamance house the largest population omangroves in Senegal and are thereore home to a number o

mportant species along its tributaries and bolongs (reshwater

reeks). There are two dominant species o mangrove: Rhizophora

acemosa (red mangrove) and Avicennia nitida (black mangrove).

oil and climatic conditions (temperature, salinity, turbidity, tidal

movements, etc.) in the region o Ziguinchor are conducive to oyster

arming, especially o the genus Crassostrea sp (beach oysters) and

he genus Ostrea sp (submerged oysters) with occasional ndings o

he genus Pycnodonta sp.)

From income-generation to mangrove restoration

The Regional Federation o Womens Advancement Gro

Ziguinchor (FRGPF-Z) was ounded as a result o decentraliza

in the region o Ziguinchor, and the determination o local wo

to engage in collective income-generating activities in the are

agriculture, orest products, and dyeing. The group was orm

incorporated under the authority o the Government o Sen

in 1987. Initially, the group ocused on small-scale bus

development, based largely on mangrove and marine resources

local women quickly recognized, however, signicant decreas

local sh populations (and catch size) and an inability to success

cultivate rice. They identied the root cause o the problem adegradation o mangrove orests in the region, which were b

unsustainably exploited or their roots in order to cultivate oys

These problems were being urther exacerbated by climate ch

and periods o drought which were leading to increased saliniza

The area o mangrove orests in Casamance was estimated at 150

hectares in the early 1980s. These orests were revalued in 19

70 000 hectares. Despite a lack o current data, it is clear tha

ecosystem sufers rom recurrent episodes o drought, uncontr

and destructive exploitation or oyster harvesting, and exten

deorestation.

In the late 1990s, the women o Ziguinchor mobilized to add

the problem, undertaking reorestation o the mangroves on a sscale in order to regenerate biodiversity and the proper unctio

o local ecosystems. In 2003, the womens ederation was gra

legal recognition as an economic interest group, as recorded i

Trade and Credit Union Registry o Senegal. This same year

ederation received its rst grant rom the UNDP implemented

Small Grants Programme (SGP). It was this connection and cata

unding which took FRGPF-Z rom a small-scale initiative to a la

scale operation capable o having transormative impacts or

economies and ecosystems. As a rst priority, the women want

restore the mangroves and improve ood security by bringing

Background and Context


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55

he sh population and the ability to cultivate rice. In addition to

his restoration, the women began technical trainings to learn new

ustainable techniques or oyster extraction that would not require

utting the roots o mangroves.

A community-based womens federation

he primary objective o Regional Federation o Womens

Advancement Groups, Ziguinchor is the advancement o ruralwomen. The ederation aims to build the social, technical,

nstitutional, and organizational capacities o its members while

reaking the environmentally-destructive habits that are rooted

n local practice. As a community-based organization, FRGPF has

total o 30,919 members rom 1,274 aliated womens groups

hroughout the region o Ziguinchor.

Mangrove orests are the primary ocus o the ederation. They

re the site o the majority o womens economic activities and the

ource o womens earning capacity, so are thereore viewed as

laying a central role in the redenition o societal norms and the

edistribution o wealth. Mangroves are approached as a tool or

ociocultural change, capable o strengthening the social standing

nd economic power o women.

As oysters are traditionally collected by cutting the roots o

mangroves, FRGPF-Z strives to change this destructive habit by

roposing a locally-appropriate alternative to traditional oyster

arming. The organization has worked to make oyster arming a

roductive, competitive, and sustainable source o jobs and income

or local women. The signicant results achieved by FRGPF-Z

ontribute to peace building and socioeconomic development in

he region.

n addition to its regional eforts, FRGPF-Z is a member o theNational Council o Rural Coordination and Cooperation (CRCR), a

etwork o 26 Senegalese umbrella organizations with the goal o

ontributing to the development o small-scale arming that ensures

he sustainable economic advancement o arming amilies. The

ederation is also a member o the West Arican Network o Farming

Organizations and Producers (ROPPA), a ramework or knowledge

xchange and inter-Arican solidarity.

Governance and institutional framework

The institutional structure o the ederation has been ormalize

the Government o Senegal, and has representative divisions at

level o government. At the departmental level, there is a edera

o womens economic interest groups, the FDGPF. At the mun

level, these same womens economic interest groups are represe

in a union, the UCGPF. At the district and rural community le

there are also comparable unions. It is a democratic and oundation that is representative, accountable and transpa

It also holds as its base, the economic interest group, a m

which has gained popularity in Senegal as a way o promoting

economic development o rural communities, with women in

lead. Economic interest groups oten unction as both savings

microcredit schemes.

Greater consideration needs to be given to environmental issues in state and international

development policies. And involvement of grassroots organizations and communities in

linking the two must be made a priority.

Mme Sadio Thioune Seydi, FRGPF-Z


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6

Key Activities and Innovations

RGPF-Z seeks to raise the entrepreneurial prole o women by

providing them the opportunity to develop livelihood strategies.

his work is an appropriation and implementation at the local level

o the three major strategies that the Government o Senegal is in

he process o executing, namely: i) a poverty reduction strategy

hat has been in place since 2002 through the strategic document

or poverty reduction (DRSP) and is translated into action by

upporting the productive sectors which provide ood and generate

ncomes; ii) an accelerated economic growth strategy (SCA) in place

ince 2005, which is achieved locally through a commodity-chain

pproach, structuring the production, conservation, processing, and

marketing o oysters; and iii) the national biodiversity conservation

trategy, launched by the Senegalese government ollowing the Rioe Janeiro summit in 1992, aims or ecological sustainability through

he preservation and saeguarding o the mangrove through the

promotion o eco-riendly alternative technologies.

Sustainable oyster farming and mangrove reforestation

As a regional umbrella organization, FRGPF-Z ocuses on sustainable

evelopment through community mobilization, direct action, and

obbying. Since 2003, the ederation has promoted sustainable

oyster arming and mangrove reorestation. While these activities

re carried out across Ziguinchor, a ew projects are worth noting.

Reorestation has taken place at teen sites in the municipality

o Dioloulou, two in the department o Ziguinchor, three in the

epartment o Oussouye, and two in the rural community o Niaguis.

he ederation oversees a regional project on sustainable mangrove

management, unded at 27 million CFA by the Global Environment

und. Reorestation activities are complemented and bolstered

by capacity-building and training in sustainable oyster arming

echniques, including oyster domestication through suspension

n shallow waters. The ederation also supports networking and

xchange between oyster producer groups, and has established a

evolving credit und or sustainable oyster arming.

The initial grant rom SGP was implemented in a two-year c

Over the course o the rst year, FRGPF-Z selected harvesting

constructed production acilities, and put in place the nece

investments and equipment. Also prioritized were the cre

o management bodies (ad hoc committees), the clear

inclusive articulation o local charters (to provide a transpa

and accountable governing ramework), and the other institut

and organizational tools needed or the execution o produc

activities. The production method promoted amongst

producers was elevated suspension in deep water. Oysters in

larval stage (spat) are captured using the garlands o dead o

shells which are hung on strings and attached to stationary post

stakes. Over the course o the second year, the ederation ocuseoyster growth and ensuring that cultivated oysters reached a ma

enough size to bring in extra income at local and regional mar

To acilitate this growth, oysters are allowed to mature in clay b

where they are washed, sorted, graded, stocked, packaged

shipped. The ederation also promotes the dtroquage o oyst

method which enables selective harvesting o mature oysters w

preserving standing mangrove orests. This second stage then

dedicated to oyster harvesting, processing, packing, and marke

While the ederation does not strictly adhere to this two-year c

the techniques and processes advanced during this period re

in place today. These processes have successully convinced

populations that oyster domestication is an agreeable alternati

the extraction o mangrove roots.

Agriculture and grain mills

FRGPF-Z carries out a number o activities beyond oyster harve

and mangrove reorestation, including: sustainable agriculture

as the harvesting o rice, vegetables, sesame, cassava and maize

cultivation o micro-gardens, so ederation members with litt

no land can participate in agricultural initiatives; livestock rea

including cattle and poultry; value-added secondary proces


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n particular the processing o ruits, vegetables and sh products

nto juices and other marketable products; support to local artisanal

crats such as pottery, soap-making, dyeing abrics, sewing, and

he extraction o palm oil or cooking; micro-credit loans and the

operation o nancial systems that make unds available in ve

ocales outside o Ziguinchor (saving women transportation costs);

and beekeeping.

The ederation currently leads a number o agricultural projectswith 45 women working in sesame cultivation, 176 women in maize

cultivation, and 143 women in cassava cultivation. The majority

o women are devoted to production, processing, and marketing

activities or household gardens, sh products, and crat-making.

Federation women are supported to participate in the International

Fair o Dakar (FIDAK), the International Fair o Agriculture and Animal

Resources (FIARA), the International Agriculture Fair (SIAGRO).

n addition, FRGPF-Z has a mill in almost every village, which is

operated by a ederation member. Women pay a small ee to use

he mill, a ee which is invested back into community development

activities. These grain mills reduce the workload o women and

provide a revenue stream and savings system that allow ornvestments in village inrastructure and service delivery.

Lobbying and health education

FRGPF-Z has positioned itsel on the regional and national

institutional chessboard as a key player whose role is recognized

through its many contributions to the social and econ

development in the region o Ziguinchor. The organizatio

becoming more and more dominant in decision making proce

and is achieving increasing successes in lobbying. Lobb

has ocused on womens land rights, rural access to tech

expertise and training, and assistance with marketing products

monitoring results. In addition, ederation members work to reg

Ramsar sites. The Ramsar Convention, an international treat

the conservation and sustainable use o wetlands, identiesdeclares sites as Wetlands o International Importance. The wo

o FRGPF-Z are working on registering various sites in the re

o Ziguinchor, and regularly lobby the Senegalese governmen

support in this undertaking.

The ederation has also served as a platorm or comm

education and outreach, particularly in the areas o health

communicable disease control. FRGPF-Z leads a 16 million

project on sexually transmitted diseases, with a particular emp

on HIV/AIDS, unded by the National Council or the Fight ag

AIDS. This has included implementation o train the tra

program or 120 women rom throughout the region who

disseminate inormation in their respective communities. Simthe ederation oversees a number o Inormation, Education

Communication (IEC) projects, which bring together wome

the ght against malaria (through the promotion o bed nets)

educate on reproductive health, maternal and child diseases

emale genital mutilation.

7


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8

Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS

Positive changes in targeted biodiversity have been observed since

he project started. These include the mitigation o anthropogenic

pressures on the mangroves, the adoption o sustainable methods

or harvesting oysters, the preservation o the mangrove, mangrove

eorestation, behavior change among those who harvest oysters,

he establishment o marine protected areas, and the growth o a

onsultative and cooperatives process among the various users o

he mangroves.

A look at the numbers alone not to mention the co-benets is

eally very remarkable. Since the ederation began operating, 184hectares o mangrove have been reorested, 1,014,805 propagules

or shoots) have been planted, ve 1,000-meter dams have been

built to recover and protect rice-growing land, 1,200 people have

been trained in nursery and mangrove reorestation techniques,

nd land recovery has taken place over 1,132 hectares o land (in

Edioungou, Oussouye and Kalabone) resulting in renewed capacity

o produce rice. Approximately 2,264 tons o rice paddy and 1,811

ons o white rice have been produced. Equally remarkable has

been the sheer reach o the ederation, which has established three

ommunity development plans and over 30 village conventions on

he sustainable management o mangroves.

Rhizophora and Avicennia are the mangrove species protectedn the area o project intervention. Impacts are measured by the

number o propogules planted, the number o hectares reorested,

nd observed changes based on trainings and experience. Through

he recovery o rice-growing land and mangrove reorestation, local

people have helped to promote and develop balanced rates o

pecies reproduction and economic productivity or the welare o

endemic biodiversity. The oyster industry seeks to consolidate its

chievements in order to demonstrate that oyster harvesting can

ake place while preserving the mangroves.

As the mangroves have been reorested, and as surroun

ecosystems have been restored, marine resources have bec

more abundant. This has had the positive efect o providing

local population with greater natural wealth. It has also, how

attracted the attention o a greater number o people to the sh

and marine resources sectors. The ederation has set a gold stan

in its oyster arming techniques and illustrated how to gre

production chain or efective and sustainable marine resou

management.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

The region in which the ederation operates is culturally divand inhabited by a mosaic o ethnic groups including the D

Fulani, Mandinka, Mancagne, Manjacque, Balanta, Banounk, W

and Serer peoples. The administrative ramework o the regio

Ziguinchor consists o the departments o Bignona, Oussouye

Ziguinchor; the municipalities o Bignona Oussouye, Thionck E

Ziguinchor, and Diouloulou; eight districts; 25 rural municipa

and 502 villages.

Oyster domestication provides a solution to the downward t

seen in oyster harvesting and is gradually becoming a positive d

o the local and sub-regional shing economies. The potentia

job creation or women, as well as greater nancial independ

and empowerment, is high. The incomes o women involved iproject have increased signicantly. The oysters they sell in the m

are now o a higher quality, which return a higher premium an

aster. Improvements in local womens incomes have translate

investments in youth and education, village and household

inrastructure, ood security and nutrition, and health services.

The socioeconomic strategy employed by FRGPF-Z is base

a gender and development approach, which aims to prom

community development strategies that are designed and articu

by women. Participating women have been provided acces


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capacity building and training in the areas o oyster harvesting,

quality control, packaging, and marketing. So too though, these

rainings have ofered a platorm or literacy education, with many

women learning to read and write through ederation programs.

POLICY IMPACTS

FRGPF-Z provides local women with a platorm and institutional

ramework through which to lead community cooperation, village-evel committees on sustainable land management, and income-

generating strategies that also restore mangrove orests. The

ederation has strategically leveraged its collective bargaining

capacity to lobby and advocate or policies that empower local

women. FRGPF-Z lobbying has brought about changes in local,

municipal or national laws. The ederation lobbies through awareness

aising and the involvement o local and administrative actors. They

have been particularly successul in lobbying or womens land rights

by way o direct appeals to the presidents o local cooperatives,

village leaders, religious leaders, and the presidents o rural

communities. These individuals and groups represent the leverage

points o policy change. In addition to direct appeals, the ederation

also works to educate and inorm communities o prevailing localand national laws to make them aware o their rights.

9

In recent years, there has been a high degree of salinization in rice fields and severe degradatio

of mangrove ecosystems. To solve this problem, we have constructed anti-salt dykes, reforeste

our mangroves, and raised local awareness of the key drivers of biodiversity loss.

Mme Sadio Thioune Seydi, FRGPF-Z


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10

Sustainability and Replication

USTAINABILITYeveral stakeholders are closely and actively involved in management

the project, which gives the ederation a greater chance o long-

rm sustainability and reduces its dependence on individual

artners (or contributors). In short, it improves the ederations

stitutional resilience. The women who make up the ederation also

ome rom ethnically diverse backgrounds, making the organization

ynchpin o social and economic cooperation.

he commitment and contributions ofered by local partners also

rengthen the ederations long-term sustainability. Partners such

the National Agency or Agricultural and Rural Council (whichas a permanent eld operation in Ziguinchor), the Regional

spectorate o Water and Forests, and the Regional Directorate or

ural Development all provide trainings and expert guidance. At the

me time, the ederation has developed methods or sel-suciency

nd nancial autonomy such as the Fund to Support Environment

nd Development Activities (FAED), a rotating credit mechanism

support activities related to the environment. The ederation

so aims to diversiy its activities into beekeeping or mangrove

oney, household gardens, arboriculture (and the instillation o drip

stems), and the continued recovery o rice-growing land.

EPLICATION

he ederation oyster arming model has been replicated by other

omens organizations, by research organizations and by student

oups in the region. In addition to peer-to-peer knowledge

xchanges and site visits, the ederation runs a weekly radio show

Dioloulou. Currently, 19 villages in the region are applying the

RGPF-Z model o mangrove restoration. Knowledge transer

as been restricted mostly to coastal regions, as inland travel is

ohibitively expensive. Beyond the borders o Casamance, the

deration has had a ripple efect.

Through oyster arming, FRGPF-Z has demonstrated a transera

ungible, and competitive model or other segments o

aquaculture industry.

PARTNERSFRGPF-Z collaborates with the National Agency or Agricultural

Rural Council (ANCAR). The council shares a common goal with

ederation o increasing agricultural productivity and improv

local livelihood prospects. Federation members approached AN

with a request or technical support, which marked the beginno what has been a ruitul partnership. The council has suppo

with awareness-raising and outreach eforts, project developm

and the secondment o a permanent eld staf or on-the-gro

monitoring activities. IREF and the Fishing Service have also b

important partners, the rst in the identication o reoresta

sites and the second in the identication and installation o oy

aring blocks.

FRGPF-Z also relies on a natural partnership between civil soc

groups and armer organizations which notably includes

National Council or Rural Cooperation and the Network o Far

Organizations and Producers in West Arica. These partners h

allowed FRGPF-Z to obtain and successully conduct a numbeprojects in mangrove reorestation, the recovery o rice-grow

land, reproduction o oyster species, and more. One-of train

have been provided by the State o Senegal Ministries o Agricult

o Livestock and o the Environment. Catalytic unds to launch

initiative were provided by the UNDP implemented GEF-Sm

Grants Programme.


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Equator Initiative

Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

304 East 45th Street, 6th Floor

New York, NY 10017

Tel: +1 646 781 4023

www.equatorinitiative.org

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change

onnecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

2012 by Equator Initiative

All rights reserved

FURTHER REFERENCE

FRGPF-Z Photo Story (Vimeo)http://vimeo.com/28105095

Sarr, F. 2001. Etude pour la prise en compte de la dimension genre dans le programme de relance des activites economiques et social

Casamance. UNIFEM. http://www.sengenre-ucad.org/test2/docs/EtudePRAESC_.pd

Click the thumbnails below to read more case studies like this:
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case studies undp: regional federation of women’s advancement groups, ziguinchor, senegal

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