case studies undp: west africa initiative of liberia, liberia

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: WEST AFRICA INITIATIVE OF LIBERIA, Liberia

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Liberia

WEST AFRICA INITIATIVEOF LIBERIA

Empowered live

Resilient nation



UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners – vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to ‘The Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Years

the Equator Prize’, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiative’s searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chief: Joseph CorcoranManaging Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Sean Cox, Larissa Currado, David Godrey, Sarah Gordon,

Oliver Hughes, Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma

Mary McGraw, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding

DesignSean Cox, Oliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Loren

de la Parra, Brandon Payne, Mariajosé Satizábal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude West Arica Initiative o Liberia, and in particular the guidance and inputs o Ezekie

Freeman. All photo credits courtesy o West Arica Initiative o Liberia. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia.

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2013. West Africa Initiative of Liberia. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY.

http://www.equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=747:10years&catid=189:2012-events


http://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=685





PROJECT SUMMARYWest Arica Initiative o Liberia works to develop livelihoodoptions in rural Liberia, giving communities viablealternatives to hunting and illegal logging. The initiativepromotes apiculture, snail-raising and planting o multi-purpose tree species as sources o income or unemployedrural men and women. To date, over 1,000 participantshav been trained in all three activities and provided with astarter kit containing the necessary equipment. From thisinitial starter kit, armers generate an average o USD 3,500per year.

Participants also have access to leadership training,guidance on small-business development, and a revolvingmicrocredit und which provides start-up capital. Improvedincomes have been invested in education, health andcommunity inrastructure needs. WAIOL’s business arm,Liberia Pure Honey and Moringa Promoters Inc., promotesand purchases participants’ products, negotiates airprices, and assists with packaging, sales and distribution tobusiness centres across Liberia.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2012

FOUNDED: 2004

LOCATION: Throughout Liberia

BENEFICIARIES: Over 600 rural men and women

BIODIVERSITY: Reducing dependence on forest resources

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 8

Socioeconomic Impacts 8

Sustainability 10

Replication 10

Partners 11

WEST AFRICA INITIATIVE OF LIBERIALiberia



4

West Arica Initiative o Liberia (WAIOL) works to expand livelihoodsptions in rural Liberia by providing communities with the necessary

raining and equipment to undertake snail-raising, bee-keeping

nd tree planting using a number o native species. WAIOL also

rovides access to leadership training, guidance on small-business

evelopment, and a revolving microcredit und. Meanwhile, the

rganization’s marketing arm purchases and promotes armer

roducts.

Emerging from civil war

he initiative came about as a response to decades o near

onstant civil war that devastated almost every economic sector

n the country, destroying lives and livelihoods in the process. The

conomic hardship caused by the civil war has orced many girls and

women into prostitution, while young men and boys requently work

nder extreme conditions in the mining industry to make a living.

Unemployment in most rural Liberian communities was and remains

ery high, and as a consequence, most rural people are highly

ependent on orest resources or both ood and uel – hunting bush

nimals or meat, shing in rivers, and harvesting orest resources

uch as snails, honey and uel wood. The result has been acute

nvironmental degradation as resources have been overharvested

nd large areas let deorested or degraded. In the apiculture sector,

wild bee harvesting using smoke has been detrimental to both bee

opulations and the orest, due to the high risk o orest res.

Evolution of community-based organization

ormally established as WAIOL in 2009, the initiative evolved as a

olunteer-led eort in the atermath o the civil war in 2004, when

ts ounding members became involved in emergency and relie

rogrammes in the agricultural sector as a means o contributing to

ost-war economic and social recovery. With training in agriculture,

he initial group o volunteers convened a Farmers’ Field School

roject in ve communities around Nimba County, central Liberia.

By the end o the pilot, 75 women and 50 men had been traineintegrated crop and pest management, snail-raising, bee-kee

and moringa cultivation. Later, the trainees were organised

community-based arming groups, with each group mem

receiving ve beehives, one snail cage, ten moringa seedlings

a set o carpentry tools.

The success o the Farmers’ Field School pilot project resulte

support rom a USAID-unded initiative – the Rural Commun

Empowerment Project – implemented by the United Meth

Church Agricultural Program (UMCAP). Identication o the pr

as a best practice in environmental conservation and pov

reduction, and the subsequent support provided by these bac

enabled the geographical scaling-up o the program. W

ounders were charged with providing management, tech

services, and trainings in 30 rural communities across six cou

between 2008 and 2009. During this time, 750 beehives, 350

cages and 10,000 moringa seedlings were distributed to 250 wo

and 100 men in the counties o Nimba, Bomi, Grand Bassa, G

Gedeh, Bong and Montserrado, spanning the country’s we

coast and eastern inland orest regions.

Background and Context



55

The West Africa Initiative

Growing in technical capacity, WAIOLhas operated since 2009 as

he Liberian branch o West Arica Initiative (WAI), a programme

mplemented in both Liberia and Sierra Leone by Agricultural

Missions Incorporated (AMI) and its partners. WAI, begun in 2007,

s an initiative o the Presbyterian Church in the United States o

America (PCUSA) that is designed to develop the capacity o the

Councils o churches in Sierra Leone and Liberia to become engagedn community-based rural development. This eort is supported

y three oces o PCUSA – Sel Development o Peoples (SDOP),

Disaster Assistance (PDA) and the Hunger Program (PHP) – with

Agricultural Missions playing the lead role in project planning and

mplementation in both countries. The United Methodist Committee

n Relie (UMCOR) and the United Church o Christ (UCC) also play

oles in this eort.

Ater the partnership between the project’s international supporters

nd the Liberia Council o Churches was terminated due to a lack

transparency and technical and management capacity, WAIOL

was incorporated with a local board o directors and sta in

009 to provide the institutional ramework or the independent

management o the WAI program. It currently oversees activities in

hree counties and has recently partnered with UNDP to replicate

its approaches with communities in and around a reugee ca

Although WAI is supported by donations rom various ecume

development agencies and aith-based organizations, WAIOL its

not a aith-based organization and there are no conditions regar

religious belie or practice placed on the support o WAI in e

Liberia or Sierra Leone.

Governance structure

The West Arica Initiative o Liberia is led by a ve-member B

o Directors tasked with coordinating the training o indiv

communities in the six counties it currently operates in.

governance structure at the ground level, however, is h

decentralized: where a armers’ group or cooperative alr

exists in a community, WAIOL works with this body to implem

its programme o activities. I competent local institutions are

already in place, WAIOL guides the community in establishing

a group to manage the day-to-day issues that arise rom colle

resource management and development programming. G

leadership workshops and technical support are provided by WA

trained sta, but in each project location the initiative is very m

owned and run by community members themselves.

“Community initiatives for sustainability should be supported, to reduce the pressure bein

mounted on forests and the environment”

Mr. Ezekiel T. Freeman, Country Coordinator, WAIOL



6

Key Activities and Innovations

he primary activities carried out by WAIOL include training inntegrated crop and pest management, snail-raising, bee-keeping,

moringa cultivation, and alternative livelihood strategies. This

package o sustainable development alternatives is introduced in

ach community based on specic needs and adopted by project

beneciaries through a process o group learning beore being ully

overseen by a community-based organisation upon completion o

WAIOL support.

Initial community interventions

or each new community, WAIOL acilitates needs assessments to

dentiy priority areas or development and to plan project activities.

articipatory rural appraisals (PRA) are used to encourage inclusiveecision-making by community members. At the end o the PRA

process, a community development committee (CDC) is established

with responsibility or: selecting direct project beneciaries in

ollaboration with WAIOL and local authorities; working with WAIOL

technicians to supervise project implementation; and assuminmanagement o project activities beyond the end o the un

period. The selection o project beneciaries is inormed by s

structured interviews conducted with individual comm

members to assess their respective needs. These ocus on wo

and youth in disadvantaged circumstances, including t

particularly aected by the civil war and those with heavy bur

o responsibility or providing or their amilies.

ii. Farmers’ Field Schools

At the centre o WAIOL’s work is its use o Farmer Field Schools

to promote integrated crop and pest management and altern

livelihoods. This group-based, experiential learning process hproven track record across much o the rural developing wor

a means o transorming agricultural practices, and draws on

concepts o agroecology, experiential education and comm

development. First pioneered in Indonesia by the UN Food

Agricultural Organisation (UN FAO) in the late 1980s, the ce

eature o the FFS approach is the use o simple experim

eld observations, and group analysis to enable participan

make their own locally specic decisions about crop managem

practices. This approach contrasts with most agricultural exten

programmes, in which armers are expected to adopt genera

recommendations developed by specialists rom outside

community.

Over the course o the learning process, participating ar

meet at regular intervals at a designated eld training site.

training element is 20% theory and 80% practical, with mem

also receiving a starter kit to help in the introduction o altern

livelihood activities. Having received training, participants re

to their respective arms and implement the improved agricul

practices or diversied livelihood activities. The FFS tra

acilitator conducts ollow-up visits to ensure that the new met

are being carried out and are proving eective.



7

ii. Exit strategy

At the completion o unding cycles, ull responsibility or project

ctivities is handed to community development committees, with

eadership training provided in the orm o workshops. As part o this

rogressive exit strategy, WAIOL provides an economic incentive or

ontinuing alternative livelihood activities by directly purchasing

armers’ honey and moringa produce. This has been important

n communities where participants were initially sceptical abouthe viability o bee-keeping as a protable enterprise, as Liberians

n rural areas don’t commonly consume honey. During the pilot

roject, project beneciaries had diculty selling their produce. To

ounter this issue, WAIOL established a business arm – Liberia Pure

Honey and Moringa Promoters Incorporated (LPHMI) – to purchase

the honey rom participants and market it centrally. The enter

works to negotiate air prices, design packaging and market h

and moringa products at grocery stores and markets throug

West Arica.

Expanding livelihood options

Currently, WAIOL works with the Presbyterian Church o Am

(PCUSA) in a partnership ocused on rural community capbuilding. Major activities being introduced include a ocu

ood security through swamp development or rice and veget

cultivation, the introduction o cassava grinders and a rice mill,

the creation o a revolving microloan scheme to provide sta

capital or small businesses. These activities are being carried o

three counties, with a total o 100 women and 50 men bene

WAIOL provides training in a range o income generating activ

and provides individuals with the tools and equipment they nee

carry out activities on their own. Vegetable demonstration plots

been established to promote organic crop and pest managem

using locally available materials to control and improve soil qu

To date, more than 600 armers have benetted rom WAIOL tra

and support in this area.

Beekeeping, snail-raising and moringa production have pr

to be highly successul livelihood activities. Each eld o

has the potential to generate strong revenues. One beehive

example, produces on average three gallons o honey per year,

each gallon o pure honey sold or USD 20. Community mem

are trained in beehive construction and colonization, bee

management, honey harvesting and honey processing. The h

is then purchased by LPHMI and marketed throughout West A

Community members are also trained in snail cage construc

stocking and management. Snails are scarce in the wild during

dry season and are not readily available to purchase. WAIOL tits members to collect snails rom the wild during the wet sea

eed them and then introduce them onto the market during

dry season when prot margins are highest. Each snail cage ca

stocked with 100 snails, which can be sold or USD .50 during

dry season, allowing members to generate USD 50 per cage. In

case o moringa cultivation, trees mature ater just six months

a healthy tree generates on average USD 200 per year in leaves

high-protein seeds, which have a range o nutritional and med

uses. Leaves rom the tree are harvested, washed, dried

pounded into powder. The powder is used as a dietary supplem

or children and is a rich source o magnesium, potassium, calc

iron, and vitamins A, B and C.

“Community initiatives should adopt appropriate technologies, organic approaches

and environmentally friendly methods.”




8

Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS

iberia harbours signicant biodiversity, including over 2,000

owering plant (225 o which are timber), 600 bird, 150 mammals

nd 75 reptiles species. Liberia also contains 42 per cent o West

Arica’s Upper Guinea Forest – the largest portion o any single

ountry in the region. However, threats to Liberia’s biodiversity and

orests abound, and they have been exacerbated by the eects

o decades o civil war. Population pressure, shiting cultivation,

poaching and hunting all threaten wildlie and orests. The civil war

has resulted in many displaced people and reugees who depend on

orest resources or ood, uel and shelter. Decades o disorder have

ed to unregulated timber extraction and the steady deteriorationo almost all o Liberia’s economic sectors. This combination o

actors has let the rural population with little choice but to turn

o the orests or survival – killing bush animals or meat and the

argely unregulated collection o snails, honey and rewood to

meet basic needs. The result has been considerable environmental

degradation. WAIOL aims to address the loss o biodiversity and

decline o ecosystem health by providing rural communities with

ustainable and ecologically sound sources o income that reduce

heir dependence on blind, unmitigated resource extraction.

Relieving pressures on forest resources

The improved bee-keeping practices promoted by WAIOL havehelped to rejuvenate and protect the wild bee population. The

ctivity engenders plant cross-pollination, thereby improving

natural vegetation in the surrounding area. Domestic bee-keeping

lso reduces incidence o wild bee and honey harvesting which has

been historically detrimental to bees and a leading cause o orest

res. Similarly, bush res, excessive use o agro-chemicals, and

overharvesting or consumption have combined to cause a decline

o Liberia’s snail population. By promoting domestic snail-raising,

WAIOL activities protect wild snail populations and help to avoid

ccidental bush res that requently occur when snails are collected

rom the wild at night. WAIOL also promotes the cultivatiomoringa, Glaricidia, and Acacia—all secondary timber specie

o these species are also leguminous, meaning they x atmosp

nitrogen into the soil, improving its ertility. Their root sys

also improve the physical quality o the soil, they provide ne

shade cover, and all can be sustainably harvested or uel wood

building materials. Tree-planting activities have helped to com

deorestation while simultaneously providing income and ser

to local people.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

Decades o civil war devastated Liberia’s economy. A lack o incogenerating options during and in the atermath o the war d

many women and girls into prostitution and orced young

to work in low-paying, high-risk and health-negative sectors

mining. In rural areas, many communities were displaced rom

land by the confict and turned out o necessity to unsustain

harvesting o orests or ood, uel and shelter.

Rebuilding rural livelihoods

The training and equipment provided by WAIOL empowers

Liberians to rebuild their lives by engaging in environmen

sustainable and economically viable income-generating activ

WAIOL not only provides training but all the equipment and tneeded to establish businesses in these activities. At the conclu

o each training session, trainees are sent home with beehives,

cages and moringa seedlings.

The impact on local incomes has been transormational. A beeke

who owns 20 beehives could harvest 60 gallons o honey per

generating USD 1,200. An additional USD 50 per annum ca

generated rom one snail cage, (stocked with 100 snails sold or

.50 each during the dry season), while a well-established mo

tree generates on average o USD 200 per year. These g



uggest that a armer owning ten beehives, one snail-cage and tenmoringa trees – capital accumulation that is well within the realm

o possibility in WAIOL communities – has the potential to generate

USD 1,200 rom honey sales, USD 50 rom snail-raising and USD

2,000 rom moringa sales, a total o USD 3,250 per year.

n a country which, in 2009, had a per capita GDP o USD 216.40,

his is a substantial improvement. In act, the income o some o

WAIOL’s beneciaries exceeds this amount. WAIOL’s most successulbeekeeper started out with ve beehives and currently owns 150.

n 2010, he generated USD 9,500 rom honey sales, and in 2011 he

generated USD 12,300. Like other WAIOL participants, he uses the

ncome he generates to pay or his children’s school ees, medical

bills and daily meals. Many other participants have used the

proceeds rom their sales to start small businesses.

n addition to dramatic improvements in local income, moringa,

nails and honey are themselves nutritious and constitute an

mportant supplementary ood source. Snails and moringa seeds

and leaves are valuable sources o protein or amilies who would

not be able to aord to buy sh or meat rom the market. In this way,

WAIOL’s activities directly address malnutrition, associated healthproblems, and ood insecurity.

Empowerment of women

Women in particular have benetted rom WAIOL’s activ

outnumbering men in their participation in the initiative.

livelihood activities promoted by the organization oer a welc

alternative or rural women who might otherwise have ew econ

options. Women participate in all o the activities oered by WA

including training in bee-keeping, snail-raising and mo

production. The most successul o WAIOL’s emale beekeepersingle mother o three children who receives no support rom

children’s athers. Prior to her participation in WAIOL, she wo

in prostitution to provide or her amily. Following the tra

provided by WAIOL, she now owns 55 beehives, two snail cages

20 moringa trees. The income rom these activities is allowing

to build a house o her own and send her three children to sch

Many o the 350 rural Liberian women who have been empow

by their participation in the WAIOL initiative share similar storie

9



10

Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYWAIOL is legally registered with the Government o Liberia and

njoys ormal recognition through an article o incorporation rom

he Ministry o Foreign Aairs, accreditation rom the Ministry o

lanning and Economic Aairs, and certication by the Ministry

Agriculture. Financially, WAIOL remains dependent on donor

ontributions and, since 2004, has built a network o partnerships

hat have supported the initiative’s operational costs. In addition

o donor support, WAIOL’s business arm – Liberia Pure Honey and

Moringa Promoters Incorporated (LPHMI) – purchases, promotes

nd markets WAIOL community honey and moringa products. As

well as receiving prots rom its sales on behal o participants, themanagement o its own stock o 200 moringa trees and 100 beehives

as supplemented the initiative’s revenue stream, with the long-

erm aim o making WAIOL nancially sel-sustaining.

n terms o organizational and social sustainability, WAIOL promotes

high degree o community ownership over its activities, and the

nitiative is structured so as to progressively reduce community

ependence on WAIOL or day-to-day support. The creation o

ommunity development committees is central to this, allowing

ommunities to assume the management o project activities while

nsuring that participants continue to receive support locally even

ter the project technicians are withdrawn. This also allows WAIOL

o ree up its resources to replicate the project in other areas.

WAIOL is playing an important role in the reestablishment o Liberia

eekeepers Association, which is working to collect best practices

n beekeeping and establish an inormation exchange programme.

he Association is developing creative ways or local armers to buy

nto membership and contribute their voices to the rebuilding o the

ountry’s honey sector. “Liberian Pure Honey” has been a resounding

uccess at Liberia’s annual agricultural trade airs. Even the president

s a an; President Ellen Johnson Sirlea rst tasted the honey during

ne o the airs and has continued to regularly purchase the product.

REPLICATION The rate o replication o WAIOL trainings since 2004 is impres

The initial Farmer Field School pilot project in Nimba County

since been applied in a urther ve counties across the cou

(Bomi, Grand Bassa, Grand Gedeh, Bong and Montserrado) an

activities have transormed the lives o over 600 beneciaries.

As well as the reestablishment o the Liberia Beekeepers Associa

a potentially critical vehicle or replication at the national l

WAIOL is currently working with Universal Outreach (a Cana

NGO) to replicate its existing programmes to other parts o

country. In partnership with Universal Outreach and the WAIOL aims to establish a national Honey Council that will he

liaise between local communities and the government on is

relevant to the bee-keeping sector. The Honey Council will ass

the development o international trade partnerships and legiti

Liberian honey on the international market.

To promote its products, the initiative participated in the 2008

2009 National Food and Agriculture Trade Fairs, displaying its Li

Pure Honey, snails, and moringa products. WAIOL also particip

in 2009 and 2010 annual trade airs organised by USAID, and

awarded a certicate recognising “Best Application o Business

and Market Linkages”.

WAIOL recently signed a contract with UNDP Liberia to repl

some aspects o the WAI program in designated communiti

and around Bahn Reugee Camp in Nimba County as part o

intervention that aims to build upon ongoing emergency

operations. The project in the reugee camp in Bahn and spec

neighbouring communities is composed o three them

areas – environmental management, sustainable livelihoods,

prevention o sexual gender-based violence – and aims to capit

on WAIOL’s expertise in building the capacities o local institu

and communities or confict prevention and management.



“The future depends on conserving biodiversity...so everybody’s involvement is required.”


1111

PARTNERS

United Methodist Church Agricultural Program (UMCAP): Prior

to its incorporation as WAIOL, the initiative operated as part o

the two-year, USAID-unded ‘Rural Communities Empowerment

Project’. The project was implemented by UMCAP, with

USAID providing grants to pay or project sta, and logistical

and transportation costs. WAIOL contributed management

expertise, technical services, and trainings.

Agricultural Missions Inc. (AMI): Since 2009, WAIOL has acted

as the national acilitating body in Liberia or the West Arica

Initiative, which brings together three oces o the Presbyterian

Church in the United States o America (PCUSA) – Sel

Development o Peoples (SDOP), Disaster Assistance (PDA) and

the Hunger Program (PHP) – as well as the United Methodist

Committee on Relie (UMCOR) and the United Church o C

(UCC).

• Universal Outreach (Canada): Working with WAIOL and

Liberia Beekeepers Association to document best practic

apiculture, acilitate their replication throughout the cou

and to orm a national Honey Council.

• Friends o Liberia (USA): WAIOL, in partnership with UMwas awarded a grant o USD 1,988 rom Friends o Liber

introduce bee-keeping, snail-raising and moringa produ

or Liberian women in Glakapallah, Bong County.

• UNDP: Working with WAIOL to introduce alternative liveli

activities in communities in and around Bahn Reugee C

Nimba County



Equator Initiative

Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

304 East 45th Street, 6th Floor

New York, NY 10017

Tel: +1 646 781-4023

www.equatorinitiative.org

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o growth that improves the quality o lie or everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we oer global pers

ive and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

©2013 by Equator Initiative

All rights reserved

FURTHER REFERENCE

West Arica Initiative o Liberia Equator Initiative prole page

Gilbert, K.L. 2012. Bees, snails, Moringa trees boost Liberians.

Agricultural Missions Inc. 2010. The West Africa Initiative: A model for achieving sustainable community based food security.

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